全氢化棉籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成及微观结构分析Physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and microstructure analysis of fully hydrgenated cottonseed oil

为开发不含反式脂肪酸的固态基料油，对全氢化棉籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成和微观结构进行研究。参照相应的国标方法对全氢化棉籽油的基本理化指标进行测定，利用气相色谱分析其脂肪酸组成，通过脉冲核磁共振仪测定其固体脂肪含量，最后采用偏光显微镜观察、差示扫描量热法以及X射线衍射对其晶体结构进行表征。结果表明：全氢化棉籽油的基本理化指标均符合国标对食用氢化油的要求；全氢化棉籽油脂肪酸组成主要为棕榈酸和硬脂酸，几乎不含反式脂肪酸；固体脂肪含量结果显示全氢化棉籽油在40 ℃时依然保持固态，适合与液态油复配使用；另外,全氢化棉籽油的微观形态呈细小、密集的针状，符合β′晶型，也存在一定量的β晶型。研究表明以全氢化棉籽油为酯交换共混物基料油、医药原料、化妆品原料具有一定的应用和开发前景。In order to develop solid base oil products without trans fatty acids, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and microstructure of fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil were studied. The basic physicochemical indexes of fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil were determined according to the corresponding national standard methods, the fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography, the solid fat content was determined by pulsed NMR, finally, the crystal structure was characterized by polarizing microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the physicochemical indexes of fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil met the national standard for edible hydrogenated oil. Its fatty acid composition was mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid, and almost contained no trans fatty acids. The results of solid fat content showed that fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil remained solid at 40 ℃ which was suitable for compounding with liquid oil. In addition, the micromorphology of fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil was fine and dense needle, which was consistent with the β′ crystal form, and there was also a certain amount of β crystal form. The above researches showed that using fully hydrogenated cottonseed oil as transesterification blend base oil, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetics raw materials had a certain application and development prospect.