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Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as an unpleasant emotional experience related to actual or potential tissue damage. It is divided into three groups: nociceptive, neuropathic and psychogenic pain. One of these, neuropathic pain, is different from other frequently reported pain conditions such as headache, back pain and other musculoskeletal pain, which are nociceptive pain types, and reflects both peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. The management of treatment on patients with neuropathic pain is complex. Stepwise treatment approach is generally recommended in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The first-line treatment includes tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 delta ligand of calcium channels (gabapentin and pregabalin) and topical lidocaine. Opioid analgesics and tramadol are generally recommended for second-line treatment, but may also be recommended for first-line use in certain clinical situations. Third-line treatment includes antiepileptics, antidepressants, mexiletine, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists and topical capsaicin. Drug selection should be individualized, considering potential side effects, beneficial or harmful effects, and the need for immediate pain relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Migren, çocukluk, ergenlik veya erken erişkin dönemde başlayan, sıklıkla bulantı, ışık ve ses duyarlılığı gibi semptomların eşlik ettiği, periyodik aralıklarla gelen zonklayıcı karakterde bir baş ağrısı türüdür. Migrenli hastalarda en çok görülen psikiyatrik bozukluklarda ilk sırada depresyon yer almaktadır. Migren ve depresyon birçok kişiyi etkiler ve yaklaşık %10-15 dolayında benzer prevalansa sahiptir. Migren tedavisi eğer eksik yapılırsa durumun kontrol edilemez olmasının getirdiği çaresizliğin sonucunda hastalarda depresyon ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Migrenin akut ataklarının profilaksi ve tedavisi iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmektedir. Akut atakta; analjezikler ve non-steroid antiinflamatuar ilaçlar, ergot alkoloidleri ve triptanlar kullanılırken, profilaktik tedavide; beta blokörler, antiepileptikler, antidepresanlar, kalsiyum kanal blokörleri gibi ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu ilaçlarla hastalarda atakların sayısının ve şiddetinin azaltılmasında tam bir başarı elde edilememektedir. Bu sebeple son zamanlarda antidepresan ilaç gruplarının tedavideki yeri araştırılmaktadır. Özellikle depresyon, stres, anksiyete ve uyku bozukluğu ile birlikte sık migren atağı geçirenlerin, profilaktik farmakolojik tedavisinde başta trisiklik antidepresanlar (TSA) olmak üzere, selektif serotonin geri alım inhibitörleri (SSRI) ve selektif serotonin-noradrenalin geri alım inhibitörleri (SNRI) tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda migren tedavisinde kullanılan antidepresanların migrenin şiddeti ve süresindeki etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.

Introduction: The presentstudy aims to investigate a group of young adult psychiatric outpatients’knowledge of and attitude toward mental disorder and antidepressants, anddetermine the relevant factors affecting them.Methods: Thestudy included 81 patients attending the psychiatric outpatient clinic,diagnosed with adjustment disorders, depression and/or anxiety disorder basedon DSM-5 criteria, and met the research requirements. The data were collectedthrough an information form for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics,a form to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use ofantidepressants, and based on the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (BMI).Severity of depression and anxiety was evaluated with Beck’s DepressionInventory and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory. Results: Regarding agegroups, individuals in the 26-32 age group had higher overall scores. Thepatients with major depression were found to have higher BMI scores. The linearregression analysis revealed that age, education, depression severity andattitudes toward antidepressants were the factors associated with the overallBMI scoresConclusions: This studysuggests that some sociodemographic variables, i.e. (age and educationalstatue), severity of depression and attitudes toward antidepressants are likelyinfluence the beliefs toward mental disorders.Keywords: Mental disorders, beliefs,attitudes, antidepressants

Medication non-adherence is one of the major problems in treating patients with depression. Non-adherence results in an increased risk of relapse and reduced quality of life. The objective of this review was to review and summarize studies that focused on the factors associated with antidepressant medication non-adherence in patients with depression. Literature searches were performed using PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar. The search was limited to articles published in the English language in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and December 2019. Studies that analyzed factors of non-compliance in patients with depressive disorders were included in the review. Patient-related factors such as forgetfulness, comorbidities, and misconceptions about the disease and medication, medication-related factors, polypharmacy, side effects, pill burden and cost, healthcare system-related factors, including physician-patient interactions, sociocultural factors such religious and cultural beliefs and stigma, and logistic factors were found to be the major factors associated with antidepressant non-adherence. Efforts should be made to increase patient adherence to antidepressants by strengthening physician-patient relationships, simplifying medication regimens, and rectifying myths and beliefs held by patients with scientific information and explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migraine is a type of headache with a throbbing character that begins at childhood, adolescence or early adulthood, often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, light and sound sensitivity. Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder among migraine patients. Migraine and depression affect many people and have a similar prevalence of about 10 and 15%. If migraine treatment is incomplete, depression may occur as a result of the helplessness. Treatment in migraine is carried out in two stages; acute attack and prophylactic treatment. While analgesics, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, ergot alkaloids and triptans are used in acute attack, drugs such as beta blockers, antiepileptics, antidepressants are used in prophylactic treatment. The success of these drugs in reducing the number and severity of attacks in patients can not be achieved with full success. Therefore, the effects of different antidepressant drug groups are investigated. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and especially tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are preferred especially with depression, stress, anxiety and sleep disturbance in the prophylactic pharmacological treatment of patients with frequent migraine attacks. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of antidepressants used in migraine treatment on the severity and duration of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutropenia, which is defined as a neutrophil count below 1500/ml, is a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect of psychotropic drugs. Neutropenia associated with sertraline, which is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, has been reported in only five case reports so far. We report a 16-year-old adolescent male diagnosed with Guillain-Barre Syndrome who developed severe neutropenia during treatment with sertraline for his depressive and anxious symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea are rarely seen as adverse effects of antidepressant drugs. Case presentation: Thirty-three years old women, between 2011 and 2017, three depressive episodes were observed. Initially, fluoxetine was used, no galactorrhea was detected. Secondly, she was given escitalopram and visited the clinic with amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Her serum prolactin levels were 50.88 ng/mL and MRI findings were normal. Escitalopram was discontinued and prescribed cabergoline and then prolactin levels were 16.56 ng/mL in the third month. During the vortioxetine treatment, she developed galactorrhea and prolactin level was 43.65 ng/mL. Vortioxetine was discontinued and it was measured at 20.14 ng/mL after 4 weeks of drug-free observation. Conclusion: Vortioxetine is a multimodal agent that modulates a select population of 5-HT receptors. To literature, there was no case presentation of galactorrhea observed during the use of vortioxetine. Galactorrhea associated with SSRIs are limited to case presentations. Antidepressants are thought to cause galactorrhea through tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons or postsynaptic serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamus. When galactorrhea was observed during antidepressant drug use, prolactin levels and MRI should be investigated, and termination/replacement of antidepressant treatment is recommended if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi is the property of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In the family physician system, depression and anxiety disorders are frequently encountered and antidepressant medications are often prescribed in recent years. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting the prescription of antidepressants by family physicians. Methods: In our study, 120 family physicians working at six districts in Istanbul were contacted and the data were collected by administering a 30-item questionnaire prepared by the investigators. Results: Eighty point eight percent of the participating family physicians reported that they had sufficient education and practice for diagnosing depression. Forty seven point five percent of them found their education inadequate for the treatment of patients. Only 1.5% of them were able to define all of the symptoms of depression. Eighty nine point two percent pointed out that they needed regular training about the use of antidepressants in treatment. We found that 81.7% of the physicians preferred prescribing the same antidepressant molecule as their primary option. Sixty six point seven percent stated that they believed the antidepressants could cause dependency and 72.2% believed that a large number of patients would recover without any medication. Conclusion: With the introduction of family physician practice across the country as of the end of 2010, we entered a new era in terms of the management of psychiatric disorders in primary care. We can suggest that new measures and arrangements are needed to improve the knowledge and attitudes of family physicians about the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common adverse effects associated with antidepressants such as headache, nause or vomitting, sedation, insomnia and sexual dysfunction are well known; however our knowledge about the relationship between antidepressants and akathisia is limited. Akathisia is a severe side effect and it is commonly considered as a side effect of conventional antipsychotics. Recognizing akathisia is very important in terms of preventing possible suicide attempts. In this article, we aimed to present general information about akathisia and to review its relationship with antidepressant treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report evaluation of the psychotropic drug usage in Turkey based on the data provided by Intercontinental Marketing Service (IMSHealth), Ministry of Health, Turkish Statistical Institute, Turkish Mental Health Profile. A total of 14.24 millions units of antidepressants were used in 2003. By increasing 162%, annual antidepressant usage reached 37.35 millions units by the end of 2012. Antipsychotic drug usage increased by 71% during the last 5 years, from 7.20 millions units in 2005 to 12.32 millions as of the end of 2012. The total number of prescriptions including an antidepressant was 18.14 millions in 2007, by increasing 50% in the last 5 years, it reached 26.60 millions in 2012. The total number of prescriptions including any antipsychotic drug increased from 3.92 millions in 2007 to 5.76 millions in 2012, increasing by 46.7%. In the worst case scenario considering concurrent psychiatric disorders, prevalence of disorders requiring antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs could be as high as 20% and 5%, respectively. The calculated frequency (prescription/population) was much higher than the worst case scenario estimates. In 2007, family physicans and practitioners, psychiatrists, neurologists, and specialists of other disciplines prescribed 33, 37, 20, and 11% of all antidepressants, respectively. In 2012, they prescribed 48, 31, 14, and 7% of all antidepressants, respectively. The first time antidepressant prescriptions in 2012 were done at the rate of 37, 34, 19, and 11% by above mentioned specialists, respectively. In 2007, family physicans and practitioners, psychiatrists, neurologists, and specialists of other disciplines prescribed 18, 67, 13, and 3% of all antipsychotics, respectively. In 2012, the same set of specialisations prescribed 21, 63, 14, and 2% of antipsychotics, respectively. The "first time" antipsychotics were prescribed at the rate of 6, 73, 19, and 3% by above mentioned order of specialists, respectively. In conclusion, the data suggest that there was an unnecessary and/or excessive prescribing of psychotropic agents. The increase is not related to increased population and/ or prevalance of psychiatric disorders. The numbers of first time prescriptions suggest that non-psychiatrists diagnose and initiate treatment for psychiatric disorders. This requires re-evaluation of authorization to presribe psychotropic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emergency reports show that acute intoxication involves 7-10 % of all patients applying the emergency department and a group of these patients were followed in intensive care units. The aim of this study is to examine 264 patients who were diagnosed and followed as intoxications between 2010-2011 years in our intensive care unit. Methods: In this study 264 patients who were diagnosed and followed as drug intoxication between 2010-2011 years in Şanlıurfa Balıklıgöl Hospital intensive care unit were investigated. Results: One hundred and ninety-two of patients were female (72,7%), and seventy-two were male (27,3%); female : male ratio was 2,6:1. The most common intoxication reason was drugs. Frequently used drugs were antidepressants (88 patient, 36,36%). Eight of them were intubated for respiratory depression. Two hundred sixty of them were discharged from hospital (98,4%), 1 of them were transported to another unit (0,37%) and 3 of them were died (1,13%). Conclusions: As a result, we decided that antidepressant drug use is the most frequent reason of intoxication in intensive care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many case reports and results of a few controlled studies have documented the sexual side effects of all classes of psychotropic medications-neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers and antidepressants. Sexual side effects are clinically important because they contribute to noncompliance with treatment regimens and may impair the user's quality of life . For this reason, clinicians must be aware of these side effects, and are advised to ask patients about their sexual functions during their psychiatric treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic debilitating disorder that results in millions of dollars of heathcare costs and lost wages each year worldwide. It is a significant public health concern and new treatments are needed. In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of a widely used tricyclic antidepressant for FM (amitryptylline) and one that has not yet been widely used (reboxetine) for FM in a within-subject pre-posttreatment design. Additionally, since noradrenaline (NA) is thought to play a relevant role in the antinociceptive mechanisms, we also aimed to examine the effectiveness of reboxetine as a selective NA reuptake inhibitor (NARI) in patients with fibromialgia. Methods: Twenty-one patients with fibromyalgia were randomized to receive amitiriptylline (25-75 mg/day) or reboxetine (8 mg/day). Patients were administered the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI, BAI), and the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety (HAM-D, HAM-A) at the treatment weeks 2, 4, and 8. The intensity of the pain was recorded using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: We found both medications to be associated with improvement in pain (decreased VAS scores), FIQ scores, and depressive symptomotology. General linear model repeated measures analysis on the VAS and FIQ scores showed a significant decrease over time in both treatment groups without significant group difference or time x group interaction effect. There were no serious adverse events in both groups. Conclusions: This open trial demonstrated that either reboxetine or amitryptylline would be effective for the treatment of pain symptoms in patients with FM. Since open-label clinical effectiveness studies do not provide definitive conclusions about causality or efficacy, double blind, placebo-controlled studies in larger clinical groups are needed to reach a definitive conclusion. Our findings provide clinical researchers important information about the novel treatment options for FM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary incontinence is a rare adverse effect of psychotropic drugs. Urinary incontinence is a medical, social and hygienic problem that causes decrease in the life quality. In the literature, this adverse effect has been reported due to use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs in case reports. Urinary incontinence due to mirtazapine use has been reported in only one case study. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant drug that effects both the serotonergic and the noradrenergic systems. Mirtazapine is currently used for many psychiatric diseases such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. During mirtazapine use adverse effects such as sedation, headache, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, gastrointestinal symptoms and urinary retention may occur. This article aims to present a case with urinary incontinence which is caused by mirtazapine treatment and recovered when the treatment is stopped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are similarities between the effects of cytokines functioning as an immunmodulator on the brain and depressions's physiological and behavioural responses to infection. These findings suggest that depression can be considered as an immunological disorder. The mechanisms underlying effects of antidepressants are unknown yet. Different antidepressant therapies provide protection against depression-like biological and behavioural changes triggered by cytokines. This anti-inflammatory profile may be due to the antidepressants revealing changes on the pro-anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. In this rewiew; researches examining the interactions between antidepressants, cytokines and immune system are searched and summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, some meta-analyses of published scientific research were were presented in a way that would lead misinterpretations and misunderstandings. In this article, Kirsh et al.'s meta-analysis entitled "Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits: A Meta-Analysis of Data Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration" and Leucht et al.'s meta-analysis entitled "A Meta-analysis of head-to-head comparisons of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizoprenia" were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Catalepsy occurs following high dopamine D2 receptor blockade by the typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol. The present study investigated the effect of different drugs affecting monoamine neurotransmission in this animal model of Parkinson's disease in mice. Materials and Methods: Drugs were intraperitoneally administered with haloperidol 30 min prior to testing. Catalepsy was measured using the bar test. Results: Catalepsy duration was reduced by the non-selective noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitors imipramine and amitriptyline (21.1% and 22.3% reduction by 20 mg/kg imipramine and amitriptyline, respectively). Catalepsy duration was increased by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and citalopram and by the serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor nefazodone (maximal increases of 112.4%, 38.5%, 30.8% and 112.4%, respectively). In contrast, the duration of catalepsy was decreased by the serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor sertraline (56.8%, 52.6%, 35.7%); by sibutramine, a serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (56.8%, 52.6%, 35.7%); and by Hypericum perforatum (31.9%, 33.2%, 39.6%) at 5, 10, 20 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions: Taken together, data in the present study suggest that drugs which have been reported to increase brain extracellular dopamine levels are likely to benefit motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Psychiatric comorbidity is seen in nearly two-thirds of inpatients in general hospitals. This comorbidity is recognized as a risk factor for longer length of stay and increased rates of rehospitalization. It has been consistently reported that decreased length of stay and rate of rehospitalization depend on the practice of consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP). A stable CLP service in a general hospital would be expected to create changes in consultation patterns. In this study our aim was to determine the changes in the clinical variables related to CLP activities, and changes in the treatment choices writh psychotropic drugs between two given time periods. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the psychiatric consultations in two different periods performed by CLP Unit of the Dokuz Eylül University Medical School Psychiatry Department by using chart review method. We compared 1998-1999 and 2004-2005 time periods. Consultation rates were deduced from total consultations within two periods. Clinical variables on the practice of CLP were evaluated in only completely filled CLP forms. Results: Psychiatric consultation rates were 1.7% for 1998-1999 and 2.6% for 2004-2005. Compared to overall consultation requests, departments of physical therapy and rehabilitation, internal medicine, dermatology, and neurology had the highest rates in both of the evaluated periods. The most common psychiatric diagnosis were mood disorders, adjustment disorders and anxiety disorders. SSRIs were the most prescribed drugs in both periods. The prescription of newer generation antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics were increased, while the prescription of typical antipsychotics were decreased by time (p<0.001). Conclusion: Consultation rate is constantly increased over time. Patients who were on psychotherapy program have increased. Our results reflected the current trend of preferring the newer psychotropic drugs in the practice of CLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of depression in schizophrenia is much more emphasized in DSM-IV than DSM-III-R. Although in recent studies the three dimensional model (psychotic, disorganized, negative) is promoted in explaining symptoms of schizophrenia, there are some researchers who propose depression to be a distinct dimension in schizophrenia. The depressive symptoms in schizophrenia are frequent and commonly serious, and negatively influence the prognosis and recovery of the patient. The patients with comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia an depression present a distinct mortality and morbidity profile including high recurrence and suicide risk. There are a few studies in the literature concerning the treatment of depressive symptoms in spite of their high frequency, prognostic significance and influence on psychosocial outcomes in schizophrenia. In this review, the importance of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia, the role and efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of depressive symptoms and the effect of atypical antipsychotics with serotonin-dopamine antagonistic activity currently used in Turkey (clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine and ziprasidone) on depressive symptoms in schizophrenia are comprehensively discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case: A 45-year-old woman (S.K.) was hospitalized with a diagnosis of major depression. From her medical history and records, it was learned that she was admitted at an internal medicine ward in the past, after purple discolorations occurred at her skin and her gums started bleeding. The absolute number of her platelets was 3000/mm3, and her differential leucocyte count was normal. Megacaryocytes were not seen in slides of her bone marrow aspirate, C3, C4 normal, and ANA and anti-DS DNA negative. This clinical picture was attributed to antidepressant use and total splenectomy was performed at the surgical ward. We started antidepressant therapy with venlafaxin and platelet counts were found lower when the dose was increased. All the medications were stopped, platelet count returned to normal and when venlafaxin was restarted, thrombocytopenia occurred again, so an antidepressant medication belonging to a different group was started (trazodone), after which the platelet counts did not change and the patient could be discharged uneventfully. Conclusion: Hematological side effects due to psychotropic medications are rare, but important, as they may cause death. Mortality rate of hematological side effects due to psychotropic medications is between 8 - 17%. Hematological side effects of antidepressants were reviewed, in the context of this patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restless legs syndrome is a movement disorder characterized by complaints of a strong urge to move the legs predominantly during the periods of rest or inactivity. It is observed as a side effect related to the administration of antidepressants in 9% of patients. A case reporting restless legs syndrome symptoms associated with venlafaxine 75 mg/day is decribed. The patient was a 44-year-old woman affected by chronic migraine headaches with depressive symptoms. Her symptoms had began during a course of venlafaxine and resolved with its discontinuation. Based on this report, venlafaxine should be added to the list of agents that can induce restless legs syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]