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Sodium‐ion batteries have drawn worldwide attention as ideal candidates for the upcoming generation of large‐scale electrical energy storage devices due to the low cost and abundance of sodium. Due to its unique electrochemical and chemical properties, sodium‐ion batteries hold the promise of breaking geographical and environmental constraints, achieving efficient sodium storage under low‐temperature conditions. However, low‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries, especially for their electrode materials, still face numerous challenges, such as the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, poor material stability, significant volume changes leading to the pulverization of materials and the rapid degradation of battery performance. Here, it is focused on the modification methods for electrode materials, the research progress on cathode and anode materials of low‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries is summarized systematically and the other components of the electrodes are discussed briefly, and the shortcomings of the current research and possible future research directions are discussed thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorene has been widely used as anode material for batteries. However, the huge volume change during charging and discharging process, the semiconductor properties, and the high open circuit voltage limit its application. Based on this, by introducing the electron-deficient boron atoms into blue phosphorene, we proposed a P-rich sandwich-like BP4 monolayer by density functional theory calculation and particle swarm optimization. The BP4 monolayer shows good thermodynamic and dynamic stability, as well as chemical stability in O2 atmosphere, mainly due to the strengthened P–P bond of the outer layer by the middle boron atoms adopting sp3 hybridization. According to the band structure, the BP4 monolayer shows metallic property, which is beneficial to electron conductivity. Furthermore, compared with blue phosphorene and black phosphorene, the P-rich BP4 monolayer shows higher theoretical capacity for Li, Na, and K of 1193.90, 1119.28, and 397.97 mA h g−1, respectively. The lattice constant of BP4 monolayer increases only 3.73% (Li), 2.52% (Na) after Li/Na fully adsorbed on the anode. More importantly, the wettability of BP4 monolayer in the electrolyte is comparable to that of graphene. These findings show that the stable sandwich-like BP4 monolayer has potential as a lightweight anode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe‐based anode materials with a high specific capacity, non‐toxic and abundant resources are among the ideal anode candidates for the new generation of LIBs. But their significant bulk effect causes the problems of the broken electrode structure and short cycle life that seriously hinder their practical applications. Herein, we prepared the core‐shell structure Fe3O4@C@SiO2 for the anode of LIBs by MIL‐101(Fe) derivatization using the solvent thermal method combined with the hydrolytic coating method. The porous carbon layer generated in situ by MOF pyrolysis, together with the coating of the SiO2 shell, can mitigate the volume expansion of ferric tetroxide during the cycling process. With these structural advantages, the Fe3O4@C@SiO2 anode preserves excellent performance with a specific capacity of 716 mAh/g for the 300 cycles at 1 A/g and 428 mAh/g after 2000 cycles as the density is up to 5 A/g. This work presents a promising approach for preparing SiO2‐coated core‐shell structured TMOs composite anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • N doped carbon coating CoP hollow nanofibers was successfully fabricated. • Multifunctional materials N/C@CoP-HNFs are used for PIBs and Li-S batteries. • N/C@CoP-HNFs with unique structures show good performance in PIBs and Li-S batteries. • Phase variations of electrodes at different states are studied. • DFT are used to understand electrochemical properties at the atomic level. Herein, a composite of N -doped carbon coated phosphating cobalt hollow nanofibers (N/C@CoP-HNFs) was synthesized by electrospinning, phosphating, and carbon coating processes. When employed as multifunctional electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) and lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, the N/C@CoP-HNFs demonstrated notable electrochemical properties. Specifically, it delivered an initial specific capacity of 420.4 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, with a sustained capacity of 190.8 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles in PIBs, and a specific capacity of 1448 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.5C in Li-S batteries, which is considered relatively high for these types of battery technology. This good performance may due to the combination of the carbon nitrogen layer and cobalt phosphide bilayer hollow tube structure, which is conducive to telescoping the diffusion length of ions and electrons and buffer volume variation, and effectively inhibits the shuttle effect. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also used to explore the energy storage mechanism of the material. The possible adsorption sites and corresponding adsorption energy of K+ were analyzed, and the advantages of the material were explored by calculating the diffusion barrier and state density. The theoretical simulations further validated the strong adsorption capability of CoP for polysulfides. This work is expected to provide new ideas for new energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous ammonium ion batteries (AIBs) have emerged as a promising next‐generation rechargeable battery due to their safety, sustainability, abundant resources, and superior electrochemical performance. However, organic anode materials, particularly polyimide anode materials, suffer from low specific capacity caused by limited active sites. Herein, the study has developed a micro‐granular‐structured π‐conjugated enhanced polyimide (PTPD) as the anode material for AIBs. The large π‐conjugated enhanced structure enables long‐range electron delocalization, decreased bandgap, and reduced spatial steric hindrance, resulting in increased active sites capable of storing NH4+ ions. PTPD exhibits reversible oxidation and reduction reaction in (NH4)2SO4 solution, delivering a high specific capacity of 206.67 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, exceptional rate capability, and excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 74.28% after 2500 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. Furthermore, theoretical simulations and materials analysis demonstrate that PTPD undergoes enol‐keto transformation of carbonyl groups, effectively capturing NH4+ to store charges. This study provides an effective strategy for designing polymer‐based AIBs anodes with high specific capacity and cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pursuing of straightforward and cost‐effective methods for synthesizing high‐performance anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is a topic of significant interest. This study elucidates a one‐step synthesis approach for a conversion composite using glow discharge in a nickel formate solution, yielding a composite precursor comprising metallic nickel, nickel hydroxide, and basic nickel salts. Subsequent annealing of the precursor facilitated the formation of the Ni@NiO composite, exhibiting exceptional electrochemical properties as anode material in Li‐ion batteries: a capacity of approximately 1000 mAh g−1, cyclic stability exceeding 100 cycles, and favorable rate performance (200 mAh g−1 at 10 A g

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as important energy storage and energy supply devices. The porous design and heteroatomization modification of carbon-based anode materials are crucial for achieving high-capacity and reversible energy storage in LIBs. Sol-gel method and pyrolysis treatment were used to obtain silica/silver composite particles used as templates. Polyphosphazene-coated silica/silver composite composite carbon materials (SiO2/Ag@PZS-C) were synthesized through in-situ self-assembly and carbonization of polyphosphazene. The electrochemical behavior and lithium storage mechanism of SiO2/Ag@PZS-C was also studied. The results reveal that the composite exhibited high specific capacity, stable cycling and superior rate performance. The double modification of silver nanoparticles and polyphosphazene carbon significantly improves the conductivity of silica and reduces the volume change. Moreover, the carbon shell of polyphosphazene facilitated the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface film (SEI), preventing direct contact between the active material and the electrolyte, thereby substantially enhancing lithium storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an ideal desire to develop the high-performance anodes materials for Liion batteries (LIBs), which requires not only high stability and reversibility, but also rapid charging/discharging rate. In this work, we built a blue phosphorene-graphene (BlueP-G) intralayer heterostructure by connecting BlueP and graphene monolayers at zigzag edges with covalent bonds. Based on the density functional theory simulation, the electronic structure of the heterostructure, Li adsorption and Li diffusion on heterostructure were systematically investigated. Compared with the pristine BlueP, the existence of graphene layer increases the overall conductivity of BlueP-G intralayer heterostructure. The significantly enhanced adsorption energy indicates the Li deposition on anode surface is energetically favored. The fast diffusion of Li with energy barrier as low as 0.02–0.09 eV indicates the growth of Li dendrite could be suppressed and the stability and reversibility of the battery will be increased. With a combination of increased conductivity of electronic charge, excellent Li adsorption and Li mobility on surface, BlueP-G intralayer heterostructure with zigzag interface is quite promising in the application of anode material for Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, NiFe2O4, MnFe2O4, and CoFe2O4 nanoferrites are prepared by coprecipitation synthesis technique from nickel, manganese, and cobalt chloride precursors. Synthesized nanoferrites are annealed by calcination process at 800°C for 2 h. To produce a novel anode electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs), the composite material of GO/NiFe2O4‐MnFe2O4‐CoFe2O4 is fabricated. Physicochemical aspects of the synthesized nanoferrites are evaluated. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests are conducted, respectively. The electrochemical activities are studied by cyclic voltammetry, glavanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 2 M KOH as the electrolyte. In three electrode system, the novel GO/NiFe2O4‐MnFe2O4‐CoFe2O4 electrode displays a high specific capacity of 325 C g−1 and preserves about 99.9% of its initial specific capacity. The GO/NiFe2O4‐MnFe2O4‐CoFe2O4//GO ASCs device is assembled using GO/NiFe2O4‐MnFe2O4‐CoFe2O4, GO, and 2 M KOH solution as the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte, respectively. Significantly, the GO/NiFe2O4‐MnFe2O4‐CoFe2O4//GO ASCs represent an outstanding energy density of 50.5 W h kg−1 at power density of 2560 W kg−1. Through the long‐term charge discharge cycling tests, this ASC device illustrates about 93.7% capacity retention after 3000 cycles. Then, the present study provides the NiFe2O4‐MnFe2O4‐CoFe2O4 composite nanoferrites as a novel favorable candidate for anode material. Research Highlights: Simple and green synthesis of magnetic NiCo2O4/NiO/rGO composite nanostructure using natural precursor.Fabricating and designing an efficient semiconductor for degradation ability.NiCo2O4/NiO/rGO nanocomposite with advanced photo elimination catalytic routine.The photocatalytic performance of NiCo2O4/NiO/rGO was surveyed for the degradation of various antibiotics below visible radiation.Efficiency was 92.9% to eliminate tetracycline. We developed a synergetic approach to prepare a novel active material composed of GO/ NiFe2O4‐MnFe2O4‐CoFe2O4 by a hybrid electrode material. Green synthesis method was accomplished to attain NiCo2O4/NiO/rGO nanocomposite with advanced photo elimination catalytic routine. The oxide nanobundles were prepared with a rapid and eco‐friendly method. In order to investigation of the effect of natural precursor, morphology and shape of nanoproducts was compared. NiCo2O4/NiO/rGO nanobundles possess a suitable bandgap in the visible area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are emerging as promising hybrid energy storage devices that combine the high energy densities of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power densities of supercapacitors (SCs). Nevertheless, the development of LICs is hindered by the kinetic imbalances between battery-type anodes and capacitor-type cathodes. To address this issue, honeycomb-like N-doped carbon matrices encapsulating Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2 heterostructures were prepared using a simple chemical blowing-vulcanization process followed by phosphorylation treatment (Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2@NC). The Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2@NC features a unique heterostructure engineered within carbon honeycomb structures, which efficiently promotes charge transfer at the interfaces, alleviates the volume expansion of Co-based materials, and accelerates reaction kinetics. The optimal Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2@NC composite demonstrates a stable reversible capacity of 371.8 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 1 A g−1, and exhibits an excellent rate performance of 242.9 mAh g−1 even at 8 A g−1, alongside enhanced pseudocapacitive behavior. The assembled Co1−xS/Co(PO3)2@NC//AC LIC delivers a high energy density of 90.47 Wh kg−1 (at 26.28 W kg−1), a high power density of 504.94 W kg−1 (at 38.31 Wh kg−1), and a remarkable cyclic stablitiy of 86.3% retention after 5000 cycles. This research is expected to provide valuable insights into the design of conversion-type electrode materials for future energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries employing graphite as the anode material are now widely used in powering electronic gadgets like, mobile phones, laptops, electronic watches and calculators and also to provide required power to run engine of electric vehicles. However, storage capacity, open circuit voltage, energy density and battery life are the major considerations on which researchers are trying different alternatives to achieve better performance of the battery. In this research, Beryllium-doped and defective graphenes have been investigated by employing the ab initio DFT method. It has been found that graphene with a defect and Be–doped graphene with defects can serve as an efficient materials for anode in Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reasonable design of effective anode materials while simultaneously achieving rapid rate capacity and satisfied long lifespan is urgently required yet still challenging for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we design and build Ni0.6Fe0.4Se2 nanoboxes confined by a nitrogen-doped carbon layer and bridged by carbon nanotube networks (Ni0.6Fe0.4Se2@NC/CNTs) via a precipitation method combined with a carbonization and selenylation process to suitable anode materials toward efficient SIBs. The obtained Ni0.6Fe0.4Se2@NC/CNTs combines multiple merits of ample ion/electron active sites of hierarchical structure, enhanced ability to mitigate substantial volume expansion of nitrogen-doped carbon sheet layers, and fast electron- and Na+-transfer kinetics induced by high conductivity of the interconnected carbon nanotube networks. As expected, the optimized Ni0.6Fe0.4Se2@NC/CNTs render a prominent sodium storage performance with an exceptional reversible capacity (564.3 mAh g–1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g–1) and a superior prolonged cycle lifespan (401.1 mAh g–1 at 5.0 A g–1 over 1000 long-term cycles), surpassing most previously reported NiFe-based electrodes to our knowledge. This work hereby highlights a practical strategy for engineering advanced anode materials for high-efficiency SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are highly dense in energy and considered as promising anode materials for a new generation of alkaline ion batteries. However, their electrode structure is disrupted due to significant volume changes during charging and discharging, resulting in the short cycle life of batteries. In this paper, the hierarchical Ni3V2O8@N‐doped carbon (Ni3V2O8@NC) hollow double‐shell microspheres were prepared and used as electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The utilization efficiency and ion transfer rate of Ni3V2O8 were improved by the hollow microsphere structure formed through nanoparticle self‐assembly. Furthermore, the uniform N‐doped carbon layer not only enhanced the structural stability of Ni3V2O8, but also improved the overall electrical conductivity of the composite. The Ni3V2O8@NC electrode has an initial discharge capacity of up to 1167.3 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.3 A g−1, a reversible capacity of up to 726.5 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles, and still has a capacity of 567.6 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, indicating that the material has good cycle stability and high‐rate capability. This work presents new findings on the design and fabrication of complex porous double‐shell nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe capacity loss of tin-based anodes restricts their use in lithium batteries (LIBs). To enhance tin anode cycle stability, tin-antimony double-discharge anodes were designed. Additionally, by ball milling, tin-antimony oxide, and flake graphite cycling-stable composites were created. The stacked flake graphite buffers tin volume rise and enhances electrical conductivity, cyclic specific capacity, and rate performance. After 400 cycles, the tin-antimony oxide-graphite anode shows good cycling specific capacity (480mAhg−1). Ball milling double-discharge anode material and graphite will inspire novel carbon composite anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of its high specific capacity and superior rate performance, porous carbon is regarded as a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, porous carbon materials with wide pore diameter distributions suffer from low structural stability and low electrical conductivity during the application process. During this study, the calcium carbonate nanoparticle template method is used to prepare coal tar pitch‐derived porous carbon (CTP−X). The coal tar pitch‐derived porous carbon has a well‐developed macroporous‐mesoporous‐microporous hierarchical porous network structure, which provides abundant active sites for Li+ storage, significantly reduces polarization and charge transfer resistance, shortens the diffusion path and promotes the rapid transport of Li+. More specifically, the CTP‐2 anode shows high charge capacity (496.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent rate performance (413.6 mAh g−1 even at 500 mA g−1), and high cycling stability (capacity retention rate of about 100 % after 1,000 cycles at 2 A g−1). The clean and eco‐friendly large‐scale utilization of coal tar pitch will facilitate the development of high‐performance anodes in the field of LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion batteries are vital power sources for modern society, especially mainly powered electronic devices, electric vehicles (EVs), and future stationary energy storage. Battery cost is still challenging for EVs and large‐scale applications that continuously require the development of low‐cost and abundant elements‐based materials for sustainable battery manufacturing. SiO2 derived from rice husks emerges as a promising anode material owing to its advantageous raw source and cost‐effectiveness. However, the material's low electronic conductivity and poor lithium‐ion diffusion rate make it unsuitable for fast‐charging or high‐power applications. To overcome these challenges, graphene nanoplatelets have been introduced as a conducting additive to enhance electronic conductivity and optimize lithium diffusion in the battery. In this research, an ultrasonic method was utilized to create a composite of C/SiO2/graphene using C/SiO2 derived from rice husk and graphene nanoplatelets. The mixture containing 85 wt% of graphene exhibited superior electrochemical performance among the investigated ratios with excellent cycling performance (305 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 86.18% after 50 cycles at 0.1 A g−1) and an impressive rate capability (69.9 mAh g−1 at a high current of 2.0 A g−1, nearly three times higher than the bare C/SiO2). XPS and GITT analysis confirmed that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the C/SiO2/graphene electrode was more stable and conductive due to higher LiF‐Li2CO3 content, which enhanced the lithium diffusion from the graphene's high surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Biochar is regarded as a promising lithium-ion batteries anode material, owing to its high cost-effectiveness. However, the poor specific capacity and cycling stability have limited its practical applications. A straightforward and cost-efficient solvothermal method is presented for synthesizing Mn 3 O 4 /biochar composites in this study. By adjusting solvothermal temperatures, Mn 3 O 4 with different morphology is prepared and anchored on the biochar surface (MKAC-T) to improve the electrochemical performance. Due to the morphological effect of nanospherical Mn 3 O 4 on the biochar surface, the MKAC-180 anode material demonstrates outstanding reversible capacity (992.5 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g), significant initial coulombic efficiency (61.1 %), stable cycling life (605.3 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g after 1000 cycles), and excellent rate performance (385.8 mAh/g at 1.6 A/g). Moreover, electro-kinetic analysis and ex-situ physicochemical characterizations are employed to illustrate the charge storage mechanisms of MKAC-180 anode. This study provides valuable insights into the "structure–activity relationship" between Mn 3 O 4 microstructure and electrochemical performance for the Mn 3 O 4 /biochar composites, illuminating the industrial utilization of biomass carbon anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have synthesized a nanostructured core–shell framework of carbon-coated copper sulfide (C@CuS) through a one-step precipitation technique. The carbon sphere template facilitated the nucleation of CuS nanostructures. The synthesized nanocomposites have demonstrated remarkable lithium-ion storage capabilities when utilized as an anode in lithium-ion batteries. Notably, they exhibit an impressive rate capability of 314 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5000 mA g−1, along with excellent long-term cycle stability, maintaining 463 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 800 cycles. This superior performance is due to the core–shell architecture of the composite, where the carbon core enhances the conductivity of CuS nanoparticles and mitigates volume expansion, thus preventing capacity loss. Our study not only elucidates the significance of carbon in the construction of nano-heterojunctions or composite electrodes but also presents a practical approach to significantly boost the electrochemical performance of CuS and other metal sulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Lithium‐ion insertion/deinsertion in anode at slow rates limits the power performance of energy storage devices. Here, a new pseudocapacitive electrode with high reversible capacity during cycling has been proposed for a lithium‐ion capacitor. The lithium‐fluoride garnet, namely Na3Fe2Li3F12, is obtained via precipitation from an aqueous solution at room temperature using abundant materials and exhibits a high discharge capacity of 746 mAh g−1. After the first charging cycle, the energy is stored via fast pseudocapacitive faradaic reactions which are facilitated by the nanocrystalline transport pathways with no structural modification to the electrode. The high stability window of F‐garnet allows extracting cell voltages of 2.2–3.2 V in a lithium‐ion capacitor where it is coupled with a porous carbon‐based positive electrode, with a high energy efficiency of 93 % maintained for 10000 charge/discharge cycles. This study opens a new research direction concerning pseudocapacitive anode materials for enhancing power performance and even replacing the traditional battery‐like anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐covalent organic frameworks (MCOF) as a bridge between covalent organic framework (COF) and metal organic framework (MOF) possess the characteristics of open metal sites, structure stability, crystallinity, tunability as well as porosity, but still in its infancy. In this work, a covalent organic framework DT‐COF with a keto‐enamine structure synthesized from the condensation of 3,3′‐dihydroxybiphenyl diamine (DHBD) and triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) was coordinated with Cu2+ by a simple post‐modification method to a obtain a copper‐coordinated metal‐covalent organic framework of Cu‐DT COF. The isomerization from a keto‐enamine structure of DT‐COF to a enol‐imine structure of Cu‐DT COF is induced due to the coordination interaction of Cu2+. The structure change of Cu‐DT COF induces the change of the electron distribution in the Cu‐DT COF, which greatly promotes the activation and deep Li‐storage behavior of the COF skeleton. As anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), Cu‐DT COF exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance, retaining the specific capacities of 760 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and 505 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The preliminary lithium storage mechanism studies indicate that Cu2+ is also involved in the lithium storage process. A possible mechanism for Cu‐DT COF was proposed on the basis of FT‐IR, XPS, EPR characterization and electrochemical analysis. This work enlightens a novel strategy to improve the energy storage performance of COF and promotes the application of COF and MCOF in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable and non-renewable energy harvesting and its storage are important components of our everyday economic processes. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), with their rechargeable features, high open-circuit voltage, and potential large energy capacities, are one of the ideal alternatives for addressing that endeavor. Despite their widespread use, improving LIBs' performance, such as increasing energy density demand, stability, and safety, remains a significant problem. The anode is an important component in LIBs and determines battery performance. To achieve high-performance batteries, anode subsystems must have a high capacity for ion intercalation/adsorption, high efficiency during charging and discharging operations, minimal reactivity to the electrolyte, excellent cyclability, and non-toxic operation. Group IV elements (Si, Ge, and Sn), transition-metal oxides, nitrides, sulfides, and transition-metal carbonates have all been tested as LIB anode materials. However, these materials have low rate capability due to weak conductivity, dismal cyclability, and fast capacity fading owing to large volume expansion and severe electrode collapse during the cycle operations. Contrarily, carbon nanostructures (1D, 2D, and 3D) have the potential to be employed as anode materials for LIBs due to their large buffer space and Li-ion conductivity. However, their capacity is limited. Blending these two material types to create a conductive and flexible carbon supporting nanocomposite framework as an anode material for LIBs is regarded as one of the most beneficial techniques for improving stability, conductivity, and capacity. This review begins with a quick overview of LIB operations and performance measurement indexes. It then examines the recently reported synthesis methods of carbon-based nanostructured materials and the effects of their properties on high-performance anode materials for LIBs. These include composites made of 1D, 2D, and 3D nanocarbon structures and much higher Li storage-capacity nanostructured compounds (metals, transitional metal oxides, transition-metal sulfides, and other inorganic materials). The strategies employed to improve anode performance by leveraging the intrinsic features of individual constituents and their structural designs are examined. The review concludes with a summary and an outlook for future advancements in this research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium-based coatings have long been used to protect high-strength steel in aerospace, but due to cadmium's toxic and carcinogenic nature, its use is increasingly restricted. Zinc–nickel coatings, containing 10–14 wt% Ni, offer superior corrosion resistance compared to pure zinc, making them a promising alternative. However, Zn–Ni coatings are prone to cracking, which can compromise their protection. This study investigates how different anode materials influence crack formation and coating properties during electrodeposition. Zinc and nickel anodes produced coatings with consistent thicknesses of 13–15 µm, while 1020 steel and stainless steel resulted in thicker coatings of up to 33 µm. Notably, coatings deposited with nickel anodes demonstrated strong adhesion and consistent interface quality. Zinc anodes achieved a high Ni content of about 13.5 wt%, whereas 1020 steel and stainless steel produced lower Ni content, around 7 wt%. Additionally, zinc and nickel anodes led to fewer defects and minimal porosity, in contrast to the higher porosity observed with 1020 steel and stainless steel anodes. Furthermore, zinc anodes maintained stable voltages (~0.5 V), contributing to more uniform coatings. In terms of corrosion resistance, zinc anodes exhibited a lower corrosion rate of 0.44 mm/year compared to 1.54 mm/year for nickel anodes. This study highlights the importance of anode selection in reducing cracking and optimizing Zn–Ni coatings, presenting them as a safer and more effective alternative to cadmium-based coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • The nanotube structure enhances cyclic stability. • The Fe/Sn heterojunction boosts electronic conductivity. • The challenge of Sn element volume expansion is effectively mitigated. Transition metal sulfides have emerged as compelling anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), leveraging their abundant elemental reserves and high theoretical capacities. However, the reaction of sulfur with Na ions is usually accompanied by significant volume dilation, which hinders their further development and application. Hence, constructing bimetallic sulfide (FeSn)/S for SIBs anode material greatly alleviates the circulation attenuation caused by volume expansion. Through constructing bimetallic heterojunction materials from nanocube precursors, the (FeSn)/S anode material retains a high specific capacity of 578 mAh/g at an intense current density of 2 A/g after 1000 cycles, and exhibits an great rate capability, delivering 796 mAh/g at 100 mA/g. The excellent electrochemical performance of the heterojunction material presents a promising solution to the enduring quest for enhanced anode material for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dual Carbon Confined WS 2 Hierarchical Structures are constructed as an advanced anode for SIBs. • Significantly improved structural integrity and electron transport due to tight anchoring of internal hard carbon and outer N dopped carbon. • Integrated HC@WS 2 @NCs anode paired with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 cathode demonstrates high full cell performance. The growing demand for clean energy has heightened interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and significant volumetric changes in anode materials present challenges to the electrochemical performance of SIBs. This work introduces a hierarchical structure where WS 2 is confined between an inner hard carbon core and an outer nitrogen-doped carbon shell, forming HC@WS 2 @NCs core–shell structures as anodes for SIBs. The inner hard carbon core and outer nitrogen-doped carbon shell anchor WS 2 , enhancing its structural integrity. The highly conductive carbon materials accelerate electron transport during charge/discharge, while the rationally constructed interfaces between carbon and WS 2 regulate the interfacial energy barrier and electric field distribution, improving ion transport. This synergistic interaction results in superior electrochemical performance: the HC@WS 2 @NCs anode delivers a high capacity of 370 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A/g after 200 cycles and retains261 mAh g−1 at 2 A/g after 2000 cycles. In a full battery with a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 cathode, the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 //HC@WS 2 @NC full-cell achieves an impressive initial capacity of 220 mAh g−1 at 1 A/g. This work provides a strategic approach for the systematic development of WS 2 -based anode materials for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A bimetallic sulfide/carbon heterostructure (Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 /NC) was designed via a high-throughput template-assisted strategy to induce highly active and stable electrode architecture. • The charge–discharge mechanism of Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 /NC based on conversion and intercalation reactions was verified by in-situ XRD, ex-situ XPS and ex-situ TEM. • The as-designed three-dimensional honeycomb ultrathin nanosheet structure improved the specific capacity and cyclic stability of the as-obtained electrode. Heterostructures endow electrochemical hybrids with promising energy storage properties owing to synergistic effects and interfacial interaction. However, developing a facile but effective approach to maximize interface effects is crucial but challenging. Herein, a bimetallic sulfide/carbon heterostructure is realized in a confined carbon network via a high-throughput template-assisted strategy to induce highly active and stable electrode architecture. The designed heterostructures not only yield abundant interconnected Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 / N -doped carbon (Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 /NC) heterojunctions with continuous channels for ion/electron transfer but maintain excellent conversion reversibility. Serving as anode for sodium storage, the Co 9 S 8 /MoS 2 /NC framework displayed excellent sodium storage properties (reversible capacity of 480 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.2 A/g and 286.2 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 2 A/g). Given this, this study can guide future design protocols for interface engineering by forming dynamic channels of conversion reaction kinetics for potential applications in high-performance electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) shows potential as an environmentally friendly energy technology, but the low power density restricts their practical applications. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MoSe 2 were synthesized into a novel nanocomposite (PPy/MoSe 2 /CNTs) via a straightforward hydrothermal and in situ polymerization approach and served as the anode material of MFC. The charge transfer resistance (R ct) of the PPy/MoSe 2 /CNTs (4.75 Ω) anode was significantly lower than that of PPy/MoSe 2 (13.75 Ω) anode and MoSe 2 /CNTs (12.36 Ω) anode. Furthermore, the maximum power density of the PPy/MoSe 2 /CNTs-MFC was 4.43 W/m2, which was 1.99 times and 1.61 times higher than that of the PPy/MoSe 2 -MFC (2.22 W/m2) and MoSe 2 /CNTs-MFC (2.74 W/m2), respectively. High-throughput sequencing confirmed that PPy/MoSe 2 /CNTs bioanode demonstrated outstanding biocompatibility and the function of screening excellent electrogenic microbes. On the one hand, the good bioelectrocatalytic performance of the PPy/MoSe 2 /CNTs bioanode could be attributed to the abundant pyrrolic nitrogen in PPy, which enhanced the attachment of C-type cytochrome (Omcs) and promoted the direct electron transfer (DET) process between the biofilm and the electrode. In addition, the conductive bridging Mo–N bonds further promoted the direct transfer of electrons in PPy, mediating the long-distance DET process. On the other hand, well-dispersed MoSe 2 not only provided numerous active sites, but also enhanced the Se cycle of microorganisms by affecting their energy metabolism pathways, thereby improving their electricity generation capacity. In addition to the above, the high electrical conductivity of CNTs increased the interfacial charge transfer rate. This study explored the use of molybdenum-based ternary material as anode material to construct high-performance MFC, which provided meaningful information for future practical applications of MFC. [Display omitted] • A novel and biocompatible PPy/MoSe 2 /CNTs nanocomposite material was prepared. • The EET process was significantly enhanced by PPy/MoSe 2 /CNTs. • The power production of MFC with PPy/MoSe 2 /CNTs anode was greatly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been regarded as a promising green and clean electricity generation device. The anode plays a crucial role in the electricity generation process within the MFC. This study employed a hydrothermal method for the doping of sulfur onto MXene nanosheets to alleviate the stacking, followed by an in situ polymerization process to fabricate sufur-doped MXene/polypyrrole (S–MXene/PPy) composite hydrogel on carbon felt (CF). The MFC constructed with this anode exhibited the highest power density of 8.05 W m−3 and a maximum output voltage of 646 mV, higher than that of MXene/PPy (623 mV, 6.03 W m−3), PPy (594 mV, 4.91 W m−3), and unmodified CF (574 mV, 4.05 W m−3). This improved performance can be attributed to the reduction of charge transfer resistance in the material while improving the bacteria affinity, leading to enhanced extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency. High-throughput sequencing indicates that the excellent biocompatibility significantly promotes the attachment and growth of electroactive microorganisms (Geobacter, 45.34%) on the S–MXene/PPy anode. This study demonstrates that S–MXene/PPy hydrogel has good potential as an anode from the perspective of MFC electricity generation and microbial analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) emerges as a highly attractive anode candidate among rapidly expanding energy storage market. Nonetheless, its considerable volume changes during cycling as an electrode material result in a vast reduced battery cycle life. In this work, an approach is pioneered for preparing high-performance Fe2O3 anode materials, by innovatively synthesizing a triple-layer yolk-shell Fe2O3 uniformly coated with a conductive polypyrrole (Ppy) layer (Fe2O3@Ppy-TLY). The uniform polypyrrole coating introduces more reaction sites and adsorption sites, and maintains structure stability through charge-discharge process. In the uses as lithium-ion battery electrodes, Fe2O3@Ppy-TLY demonstrates high reversible specific capacity (maintaining a discharge capacity of 1375.11 mAh·g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C), exceptional cycling stability (retaining the steady charge-discharge performance at 544.33 mAh·g−1 after 6000 ultrafast charge-discharge cycles at a 10 C current density), and outstanding high current charge-discharge performance (retaining a reversible capacity of 156.75 mAh·g−1 after 10000 cycles at 15 C), thereby exhibiting superior lithium storage performance. This work introduces innovative advancements for Fe2O3 anode design, aiming to enhance its performance in energy storage fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion capacitors （LICs） are novel power energy storage devices， which have the advantages of both lithium-ion batteries and electric double-layer capacitors. However， the slow electrochemical dynamics of the battery-type anode limits the application of LICs. Metal selenides have attracted much attention because of their excellent conductivity， rapid reaction kinetics and high theoretical capacity. In this paper， the classification， structure and properties of metal selenides are systematically introduced， and three energy storage mechanisms of intercalation mechanism， conversion mechanism and alloying mechanism are discussed.Finally， the impacts of structural regulation， carbon material synergy， and bimetallic selenide construction on the electrochemical performance are analyzed. The application of metal selenide materials with structurally stable and high ion/electron transport capability prepared by the three modification methods is introduced in lithium-ion capacitors.

High‐entropy oxides (HEOs) composed of multiple metal elements have attracted great attention as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the synergistic effects of various metal species. However, the practical applications of HEOs are still plagued by poor conductivity, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and poor cycling stability. Herein, nanosized (FeCoNiCrMn)3O4 HEO (NHEO) is prepared successfully by the NaCl‐assisted mechanical ball‐milling strategy. Novelly, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is used as the binder and then in situ thermochemically cyclized to construct a cyclized PAN (cPAN) outer layer onto NHEO (NHEO‐cPAN). The in situ formed cPAN coating not only improves the electrical conductivity, but also reinforces the structural and interfacial stability, and thereby, the resulted NHEO‐cPAN electrode exhibits significantly enhanced rate and cyclic performance. Specifically, NHEO‐PAN500 electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 560 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and a high‐capacity retention of 83% over 800 cycles at 3 A g−1. Furthermore, the structural evolution and electrochemical behavior of NHEO‐PAN electrode during discharge/charge is systematically investigated by operando X‐ray diffraction, in situ impedance spectroscopy and ex situ high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Therefore, this work provides new insights into the engineering of electrode and interphase for high‐performance HEO electrode materials, potentially enlightening the practical applications of HEO‐based LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth (Bi) has attracted widespread attention for sodium storage due to its high electronic/ionic conductivity, suitable reaction potential, and theoretical capacity (386 mAh g−1). However, Bi electrodes have a relatively high volumetric expansion ratio, which constrains their high capacity and affects the battery's cycle performance. Herein, a highly dispersed Bi atomic cluster is controllably prepared anchored on a porous TiO2 substrate through in situ segregation from Bi4Ti3O12 (TiO2/BiAC). The highly dispersed Bi clusters can serve as an “Ionic sponge” and accommodate more Na+ without causing excessive stress. Additionally, it aids in the decomposition of NaPF6, leading to the formation of a durable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer rich in inorganic components. As expected, TiO2/BiAC exhibits excellent sodium storage performance in terms of cycling stability (346 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles@ 1A g−1) and rate capability (231 mAh g−1 @ 100 A g−1). The pouch cell is further assembled and exhibits a specific capacity of 1.2 Ah after 200 cycles. This discovery presents a new method for developing efficient anode materials and is essential for steering the advancement of anode materials with fast charge–discharge capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new two-dimensional (2D) non-MXene transition metal carbide, Mo3C2, was found using the USPEX code. Comprehensive first-principles calculations show that the Mo3C2 monolayer exhibits thermal, dynamic, and mechanical stability, which can ensure excellent durability in practical applications. The optimized structures of Lix@(3×3)-Mo3C2 (x = 1–36) and Nax@(3×3)-Mo3C2 (x = 1–32) were identified as prospective anode materials. The metallic Mo3C2 sheet exhibits low diffusion barriers of 0.190 eV for Li and 0.118 eV for Na and low average open circuit voltages of 0.31–0.55 V for Li and 0.18–0.48 V for Na. When adsorbing two layers of adatoms, the theoretical energy capacities are 344 and 306 mA h g−1 for Li and Na, respectively, which are comparable to that of commercial graphite. Moreover, the Mo3C2 substrate can maintain structural integrity during the lithiation or sodiation process at high temperature. Considering these features, our proposed Mo3C2 slab is a potential candidate as an anode material for future Li- and Na-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transition metal phosphides have attracted attention in the field of energy storage due to their high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, challenges such as inadequate electrical conductivity, expansion in volume, and ion clustering during charging and discharging events contribute to diminished cycling durability and rapid capacity deterioration, thereby constraining their real-life utilization. In this study, Co-Cu bimetallic phosphide/carbon nanocomposites (CoCuP@C-X) are obtained by the one-step phosphide/carbonization of metal-organic framework precursors through high-temperature calcination in response to these challenges. The incorporation of the Cu element enhances the electrical conductivity, while the carbon coating mitigates the volumetric expansion and avoids the aggregation of nanoparticles. CoCuP@C-2, utilized as a sodium-ion battery (SIB) anode, maintains relatively good cyclic stability, showing a discharge specific capacity of 415 mAh g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. Meanwhile, the transformation mechanism from the CoP phase to the Co and Na3P phases is explored using ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis. These findings suggest that the CoCuP@C-X nanocomposite material has considerable potential as an anode material for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium ion batteries play an important role in various energy storage technologies due to their good safety performance. As an anode material, silicon has attracted attention for its higher theoretical capacity than commercial graphite. But large volume expansion and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during the cycling of silicon lead to rapid capacity decay, which limits the commercial application of silicon anode. In this article, Si/BiPO 4 anode materials were prepared by solvothermal reaction. After morphology analysis and constant current charge discharge cycle analysis of Si/BiPO 4 anode materials with different mass ratios, it was found that Si/BiPO 4 anode materials with the mass ratio of 7:3 exhibited more excellent electrochemical performance. The conversion reaction of BiPO 4 and Li generates Bi and Li 3 PO 4 , and the alloying reaction of Bi generates Li 3 Bi. Bi and Li 3 Bi reduce the internal resistance of the Si/BiPO 4 composite, and Li 3 PO 4 is distributed on the surface of Si material, participating in the formation of SEI film and improving the stability of the material. At a current density of 500 mA g−1, the first discharge specific capacity of the Si/BiPO 4 anode is 2672.1 mA h g−1. After 200 cycles, the discharge specific capacity remains at 1308.9 mA h g−1. The electrochemical impedances of pure Si and Si/BiPO 4 anode materials before and after cycling were analyzed. It was found that the resistance of the Si/BiPO 4 anode before and after 100 cycles was lower than that of pure Si materials, which further proved that the addition of BiPO 4 material helps to improve the charge transfer ability of pure silicon materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In advancing sodium-ion battery technology, we introduce a novel application of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 with a NASICON structure as an anode material. This research unveils, for the first time, its exceptional ability to maintain high specific capacity and unprecedented cycle stability under extreme current densities up to 1000 mA·g−1, within a low voltage window of 0.01–2.5 V. The core of our findings lies in the material's remarkable capacity retention and stability, which is a leap forward in addressing long-standing challenges in energy storage. Through cutting-edge in situ/operando X-ray diffraction analysis, we provide a perspective on the structural evolution of Na3NiZr(PO4)3 during operation, offering deep insights into the mechanisms that underpin its superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon-carbon materials have broad development prospects as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, polyvinyl butyral (PVB)-based carbon-coated silicon (Si/C) composite materials were prepared using PVB-coated Si particles and then high-temperature carbonization methods. Furthermore, the PVB-based carbon-coated silicon/artificial graphite composite materials (Si/C-Gr) were prepared by using artificial graphite as conductive skeleton. And the electrochemical and battery performances of Si/C and Si/C-Gr composite materials as negative electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries were investigated in detail. The results showed that PVB-based carbon was uniformly coated on the surface of silicon particles, and the electrochemical performance and battery performance of the Si/C composite material was improved with the increasing proportion of PVB in the reaction feed. With the introduction of artificial graphite, the constructed ternary composite of Si/C-Gr as anode exhibited a further improved electrochemical performances, such as cycling stability, rate performance, and coulombic efficiency. Specially, the Si/C-Gr (1:30:0.7) composite anode has a discharge specific capacity of 1239.9 mAh/g in the first cycle and 922.9 mAh/g in the 100th cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g. And the corresponding coulombic efficiency was 84.5% in the first cycle and maintained at around 98% after 100 cycles. The average discharge specific capacity was 1045.5, 796.08, 688.75, 507.09, and 479.11 mAh/g at the current rate of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1 A/g, respectively. This is attributed to the addition of artificial graphite forming an effective conductive skeleton structure, which enhanced the structural stability of the composite material and improved the electronic conductivity of the electrode material. Also, PVB as functional coating polymer improved the dispersion of Si particles on the surface of graphite. All above reasons enabled the electrode materials to have good electrochemical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have been widely studied owing to the abundant reserves, widespread distribution, and easy extraction of potassium (K) resources. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has received a great deal of attention as a key anode material for PIBs owing to its two-dimensional diffusion channels for K+ ions. However, due to its poor electronic conductivity and the huge influence of embedded K+ ions (with a large ionic radius of 3.6 Å) on MoS2 layer, MoS2 anodes exhibit a poor rate performance and easily collapsed structure. To address these issues, the common strategies are enlarging the interlayer spacing to reduce the mechanical strain and increasing the electronic conductivity by adding conductive agents. However, simultaneous implementation of the above strategies by simple methods is currently still a challenge. Herein, MoS2 anodes on reduced graphene oxide (MoS2/rGO) composite were prepared using one-step hydrothermal methods. Owing to the presence of rGO in the synthesis process, MoS2 possesses a unique scaled structure with large layer spacing, and the intrinsic conductivity of MoS2 is proved. As a result, MoS2/rGO composite anodes exhibit a larger rate performance and better cycle stability than that of anodes based on pure MoS2, and the direct mixtures of MoS2 and graphene oxide (MoS2-GO). This work suggests that the composite material of MoS2/rGO has infinite possibilities as a high-quality anode material for PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With society's rapid progress, there is an increasing need for electricity among individuals, but the prevailing source of electricity is still mainly obtained through the burning of nonrenewable fossil fuels, which are not renewable and pose serious environmental hazards. Lithium-ion batteries are used widely for excellent rechargeable capabilities and high energy density. Recently, researchers have become increasingly interested in transition metal sulfides owing to their cost-effectiveness and remarkable specific capacity. However, their commercialization has been hindered by the expansion of material volume and low electrical conductivity during charging and discharging. We have successfully designed and synthesized MoS2 nanosheets loaded on carbon spheres with a 3D hollow structure starting from SiO2 as a template. Due to the doping of carbon materials and particular 3D hollow structures, the optimal C/MoS2-0.3 hollow nanocomposites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. Following exposure to over 900 cycles at a 0.5 A g-1 ampere density, the materials exhibited an exceptional 958.50 mAh g-1 reversible capacity, demonstrating their remarkable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes the current research status of manganese-based materials as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, focusing on the effects of their structural characteristics, doping modification, and optimization strategies on electrochemical performance. Manganese-based materials have attracted much attention due to their low cost and abundant resources, but their cycle stability and rate performance still need to be improved. Research has revealed that by fine-tuning the material structure, introducing doping elements, and optimizing the preparation process, the conductivity, structural stability, and sodium ion diffusion kinetics of the material can be significantly enhanced, thereby improving the battery performance. This article also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of current preparation methods, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and reference for promoting the performance optimization and practical application of manganese-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saline water electrolysis is an appealing strategy for hydrogen production, attracting more attention in recent years. NiFe-based electrodes exhibit promise as catalysts for saline water electrolysis. Nevertheless, they suffer from the inferior service life of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report an oxygen-evolution electrode consisting of a sulfate-modulated nickel-iron hydroxide (NiFeOOH) affording as the catalytic active layer and Fe-Ni3S2 as the corrosion-proof layer. The developed electrode only requires overpotentials of 220 and 292 mV to deliver the current density of 10 and 500 mA·cm−2, respectively. More importantly, it presents long-term stability exceeding 140 and 100 h in 1 M KOH at high current densities of 500 and 1000 mA·cm−2, respectively, as well as 120 h for saline water electrolysis at 100 mA·cm−2. Experimental results reveal that the generated sulfate plays an indispensable role in improving stability and corrosion resistance. We assembled and tested an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer with Pt/C and NiFeS/NIF as the cathode and anode, respectively, under industrial conditions. This overall water-splitting electrolyzer achieves an impressive energy conversion efficiency of 75% ± 0.5%. This report offers fresh insights into the design of stable NiFe-based electrodes, which may further promote its practical applications for saline water electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Petrochemical Universities / Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao is the property of Journal Editorial Department Of Liaoning Shihua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MnO has many advantages as an anode material for lithium-ion electrochemical energy storage system, but the poor cycle performance of MnO anode material is always a pain point. In this work, MnTiO3 is used as a coating layer and thin-layer graphite (TLG) is introduced as a skeleton to achieve a significant improvement in the cycle performance of MnO anode materials. MnO@MnTiO3/TLG materials have been systematically characterized, which fully illustrates the existence of the coating layer and framework structure and also clarifies the positive influence of this special structure on the material properties. At the current density of 100 mA g−1, the initial discharge capacity of the material is about 600 mAh g−1, the initial coulombic efficiency is about 71%, and the capacity is not significantly degraded after 100 cycles. Long-term cycling stability of MnO@MnTiO3/TLG is excellent: the capacity retention rate is around 90% after 300 cycles at 200 mA g−1. The improvement of material performance is mainly due to the synergistic effect of MnTiO3 coating layer and TLG supporter, alleviating the structural change and collapse during the charge/discharge cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin dioxide-based high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries have been a hot research topic in recent years. In this study, nitrogen-doped and double-layered SnO2@NC hollow spheres were prepared via simple and convenient method using carbon spheres as template. A series of products were obtained by varying additive amount of dopamine. When tested in the current density of 400 mA g−1, SnO2@NC-3 can provide a robust reversible capacity of 697.7 mAh g−1 after 270 cycles. The discharge capacity can remain 640.8 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. Above excellent electrochemical properties were attributed to the synergistic effect between nitrogen-doped carbon and nanosized-SnO2 particles. The hollow structure can not only effectively buffer the structure crushing of the electrode in the process of charge and discharge, but also facilitate the electron diffusion by improving the electronic conductivity. Therefore, the unique nitrogen-doped and double-layered tin dioxide is a promising anode material for lithium-ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technology of Water Treatment is the property of Technology of Water Treatment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The prevalence of polyfluoroalkyls and perfluoroalkyls (PFAS) represents a significant challenge, and various treatment techniques have been employed with considerable success to eliminate PFAS from water, with the ultimate goal of ensuring safe disposal of wastewater. This paper first describes the most promising electrochemical oxidation (EO) technology and then analyses its basic principles. In addition, this paper reviews and discusses the current state of research and development in the field of electrode materials and electrochemical reactors. Furthermore, the influence of electrode materials and electrolyte types on the deterioration process is also investigated. The importance of electrode materials in ethylene oxide has been widely recognised, and therefore, the focus of current research is mainly on the development of innovative electrode materials, the design of superior electrode structures, and the improvement of efficient electrode preparation methods. In order to improve the degradation efficiency of PFOS in electrochemical systems, it is essential to study the oxidation mechanism of PFOS in the presence of ethylene oxide. Furthermore, the factors influencing the efficacy of PFAS treatment, including current density, energy consumption, initial concentration, and other parameters, are clearly delineated. In conclusion, this study offers a comprehensive overview of the potential for integrating EO technology with other water treatment technologies. The continuous development of electrode materials and the integration of other water treatment processes present a promising future for the widespread application of ethylene oxide technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]