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The purpose of this research was to understand how second-semester students of the Medicine and Surgery academic program at Universidad del Valle learn about the main ideas of Human Macroscopic Anatomy (HMA). As a methodological proposal, a case study was carried out. Students' knowledge and understanding of HMA was assessed. For this, the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) model was taken into account, which includes the motivations and interests for learning, as well as the student' previous ideas. A participant observation of the theoretical and practical classes was carried out for 16 weeks, recording observations in a field diary, and obtaining audiovisual material. All the information was organized in an analytical index, creating codes for the analysis. The analysis, interpretation and representation of results were done using the ATLAS.ti 22 software. It was found that students learn the main ideas of HMA through a process that implies commitment to their academic training, where interests, motivations, prior knowledge and participation are involved. It is important that different study methods are used during this process, and that there is the support from the professor and the institution, who should favor the learning and immersion of the students into the academic world and university culture, through the design of proposals that integrate teaching, learning and assessment, and also take into account the social and cultural realities of their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The denomination of the "ulna" bone as "cubitus" bone is an error in terminology still observed in anatomy study texts and Chilean school textbooks, even though the term ulna was established as the official term in the 20th century. This problem is a reflection of the slow progressive change in academic communities and the population in general, through the traditional transfer of knowledge. Scientific dissemination allows for accelerating such a process, and in recent years, it has been enhanced through social networks and virtual platforms such as TikTok. Few studies relate the use of TikTok with anatomical learning. This research describes school students' perception of an informative video on correctly using the term "ulna." It analyzes the possible scope as a complementary activity to anatomical teaching for the school community and society. A TikTok video was developed and published four months before showing it to 17 11th-grade students from Viña del Mar, and then they were asked to complete a perception survey. In addition, statistical data provided by the TikTok platform itself was recorded. The results revealed a favorable reception of the informative content among the participating students, with a high percentage expressing total or partial agreement in all the statements evaluated (up to 82.4 %). The metrics delivered by the platform show an international reach, the main viewers being people from Chile (35.5 %), Mexico (25.3 %), and Colombia (7.2 %). Among the aspects mentioned by the students that need improvement, are the quality of visual editing and the fluency of the explanation. Given thepositive perception obtained from the video, we consider that using these complementary tools can improve human anatomy's teaching and learning processes and broaden our practices' impact on the educational community and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teaching of human macroscopic anatomy (hma) has traditionally been relevant for the training of health professionals, as it is a science that allows for understanding the functioning of the human body and, therefore, is necessary for adequate clinical practice. However, the training processes have not comprehensively addressed teaching, learning, and assessment, which hinders the understanding of anatomy and compromises the suitability of future health professionals' training. This research article describes the teaching, learning, and assessment processes in a Human Macroscopic Anatomy I course within a Medicine and Surgery program in Cali, Colombia, from the theoretical perspective of pedagogical content knowledge. A four-phase case study was conducted using participant observation, field notes, and semi-structured interviews as techniques. The participants included ninety second-semester students and two fourth-semester students from the Medicine and Surgery academic program, as well as four hma area professors. It was found that teaching is conceived as the transmission of knowledge, while learning falls on the student, who must autonomously grasp the main ideas of hma. The assessment is mainly oriented towards grading. The teaching experience revealed a lack of understanding of how students learn the main ideas of hma and how teaching and assessment could be integrated to support this learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Anatomy is the first medical specialization course for students of clinical medicine and cultivates the virtues of medical students, helping them to establish the humanitarian values. Therefore, integrating humanistic values education into the course of human anatomy is crucial. In anatomy courses for clinical students, online previews, group-based clinical problembased learning, and theoretical lectures are used in anatomical education which is integrated with extracurricular activities for the education of human values, such as classical medical stories, group-based humanistic value cultivation, a memorial ceremony for "silent mentors", the morphological drawing and basic experimental skills competitions, and public welfare activities. After a year of implementation and investigation analysis, it was shown that students had a higher willingness to participate in the curriculum activities in this blended learning system, and these activities could stimulate students' interest in learning, which is beneficial to the cultivation of professional and humanistic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to understand the difficulties and needs for learning the main ideas of Human Macroscopic Anatomy AMH. A group of 90 students from the second semester of the academic program of Medicine and Surgery of a public University were investigated, who were studying the subject of Human Macroscopic Anatomy I, for this the model of pedagogical knowledge of the PCK content that includes the knowledge of the students, their understanding of the AMH, a participant observation of the theoretical and practical classes was carried out for 16 weeks, keeping records of the observation in a field diary, and audiovisual material was obtained. Subsequently, an analytical index was prepared, the information was transcribed, all documents were analyzed using the ATLAS.ti analysis software. Aspects of teaching that hinder learning were found, such as the teaching methodology, the great amount of content addressed in the subject, the difficulty in understanding the descriptions and complexity of the spatial location of the anatomical pieces, the difficulty in finding an appropriate study methodology and the lack of concentration during classes. Understanding the complexity of the learning process can favor the planning and development of teaching and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This documentary research via bibliometric design, aims to characterize the scientific contribution of Dr. Hugo Ariel Hernández-Parada, the founder of the current Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology of the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh). An electronic search was carried out in six databases, 42 studies (41 articles and 1 thesis) were identified. Their bibliometric analysis determined that the work of these research studies in the field of Human Anatomy was focused on the study of the Autonomous Nervous System, followed by the Peripheral Nervous System, Myology and Anatomy of the head and neck. Most of his works were carried out on human samples (fetuses), published in Spanish in Chilean science journals, and as the main author in 41 of the 42 records found. Through this research, it is intended to remember and offer tribute to this outstanding anatomist, whose work contributed to the development and diffusion of human anatomy in Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning in human anatomy has traditionally been assessed by recognizing anatomical structures. Despite their popularity, they can have a subjective component. The Objective Structured Practical Examination (EPOE) has been presented as a more global way of assessment. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect on academic performance after the implementation of the EPOE in practical activities. In this study 2312 students were divided into Traditional Methodology (n=1155) and EPOE Methodology (n=1157). In turn, students were identified according to career: Nursing (n=1182), Speech Therapy (n=185), Physical Therapy (n=514), and Occupational Therapy (n=431). Subject conditions were maintained in both groups with three practical evaluations. The grades obtained were analyzed. Assessments 1 and 2 showed no differences between groups. Evaluation 3, which evaluated the nervous system, showed a significant decrease of 0.5 points in the EPOE group. The type of methodology factor was significant in evaluation 3 (p < 0.001; ?2p = 0.029) and the average of 3 evaluations (p < 0.029; ?2p = 0.002). The career factor was significant for all three evaluations. The interaction of both factors did not show statistical significance. The post hoc analysis showed significant differences between nursing students and the other careers since they obtained better scores in all evaluations (p < 0.05). EPOE methodology did not produce drastic changes in students' academic performance and had a broad potential for development due to its non-invasive and non-traumatic comprehensive assessment nature. The nature of the contents should be considered in the design of the teaching-learning methodology and the evaluation methodology, aligning at the micro-curricular level with these fundamental aspects of training new health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Analisar as metodologias utilizadas para o ensino de Anatomia Humana nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados (LILACS, Scopus, PubMed e Web of Science) incluindo pesquisas originais em português, inglês e espanhol, não havendo limitação de data. Resultados: A seleção de artigos resultou em 21 estudos primários, publicados entre os anos de 2002 a 2021. Foram evidênciadas diversas formas de aprendizagem, no entanto, as simulações em ambientes virtuais, os recursos interativos online e o uso de peças cadavéricas se destacaram em comparação às demais metodologias. Considerações finais: Mediante a análise dos dados, percebeu-se uma melhora significativa no desempenho dos alunos com a utilização dos recursos tecnológicos de forma interativa e expositiva, auxiliando os acadêmicos no aproveitamento do conteúdo abordado.

This narrative review tries to characterize how the anatomy teaching process has been carried out at the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), presenting a historical vision from the beginnings of the University to the present time and a reflection on the future of Human Anatomy. The origins of the Human Anatomy Institute at the UACh, first academics, institutional achievements, inter-institutional agreements are described; in addition, the educational methods and strategies currently used for anatomical teaching are detailed and a panoramic vision of the future as a teaching and research institute in the field of human anatomy is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Góndola, Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias is the property of Gondola, Ensenanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Factors in Design is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spleen is the largest intraperitoneal lymphatic organ of the body, presenting two main functions: defensive, through immune response and blood filtration. The objective of the present review was to obtain updated information on the anatomy of the spleen of the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus albinus) and to compare it with the anatomy of the human, dog, cat and pig spleen, representing the main species of importance in medicine, veterinary medicine and biomedical sciences. A search for updated bibliographic material was carried out in different scientific websites. Thus, 71 bibliographic sources were reviewed, mostly scientific articles (31), human and veterinary anatomy books (17), specialized articles (17) and theses (6). In general, there is consensus on the anatomical description of the spleen, which is located in the left hypochondriac region of the abdomen between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm, irrigated by the splenic artery and vein. It was evidenced that there are similarities in macroscopic aspects when comparing the spleen of the white rat with the spleen of other species (functionality, relative weight, topographic location). In microscopic aspects, the spleen in humans and other mammals is composed of stroma, in addition to parenchyma, constituted in turn by white and red pulp. In particular, there are differences between rat, human, cat, dog and pig spleens in shapes, sizes and microscopic aspects related to microcirculation and immunity. While there are similarities in pathological processes and responses to pharmacological and clinical treatments. For the above mentioned, it is concluded that the albino rat constitutes a good biological model, specifically in microscopic anatomical aspects of the spleen of immunological type. While the pig spleen is comparatively better in macroscopic anatomical studies of surgical type, both are extrapolable especially to human medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La presente revisión narrativa propone caracterizar las estrategias didácticas actualmente utilizadas en el Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología de la Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), para la enseñanza de la Anatomía Humana en los estudiantes de las carreras de Enfermería, Kinesiología, Medicina, Obstetricia y Puericultura, Odontología y Terapia Ocupacional de su Facultad de Medicina. Se listan las diversas estrategias didácticas implementadas y se explica la manera en que se han venido aplicando en esta institución a fin de perfeccionar la enseñanza anatómica, considerando los retos y desafíos que demandan las generaciones actuales de estudiantes y la dinámica del mundo contemporáneo. Palabras clave: anatomía humana, enseñanza, estrategias didácticas.

Introduction: Innovation in medical teaching in recent years has undergone major changes. Traditionally, the teacher used to rely exclusively on words, the blackboard, and anatomical dissection. Nowadays, classes are supported by numerous tools with the help of the computer. Methods: In the Department of Human Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine of our University, during the first 4-month period of the course, we introduced in the classes the projection of 13 short videos with an average duration of 2.33 min, from laparoscopic and open surgical interventions, endoscopic and radiological studies. We surveyed at the end of the first 4 months period to evaluate the student´s opinions of the videos shown. Results: Regarding the usefulness of the video projection, 82.8% considered the projection very useful and 17.2% considered them somewhat useful. None of the students considered the projection of the videos to be useless for their learning. As for the duration of the videos, 97.3% considered the duration to be adequate. In the survey, the students freely expressed diverse opinions. Among others, they stated that they help to understand the real anatomy of the structures studied in 3 dimensions and that they help to review and consolidate theoretical knowledge of what has already been explained. They also said that they help with motivation in preclinical subjects. Others felt that the videos help to raise awareness of the practical usefulness of the subject in the context of the practice of medicine. Conclusion: We can assure that the projection of short prepared videos, taking sequences of open or laparoscopic surgical interventions and endoscopic or radiological studies, is very useful for improving the understanding of the subject of human anatomy, helping to clarify concepts and consolidating knowledge and increasing the student's motivation, as well as the performance in the study. Resumen: Introduccion: La innovación en la docencia médica en los últimos años ha sufrido grandes cambios. Tradicionalmente, el docente disponía exclusivamente de su palabra, de la pizarra y de la disección anatómica. Hoy en día las clases se apoyan numerosas herramientas con el apoyo del ordenador. Metodos: En el departamento de Anatomía humana de la Facultad de Medicina de nuestra Universidad, durante el primer cuatrimestre del curso introdujimos en las clases la proyección de 13 videos cortos con una duración media de 2,33 minutos, procedentes de intervenciones quirúrgicas laparoscópicas y abiertas, estudios endoscópicos y radiológicos. Realizamos una encuesta al final del cuatrimestre evaluando la opinión de los alumnos sobre los videos proyectados. Resultados: Respecto a la utilidad de la proyección de los videos, el 82,8% consideró muy útil la proyección y el 17,2% las consideró algo útiles. Ninguno de los alumnos consideró que la proyección de los videos fuera inútil para su aprendizaje. En cuanto a la duración de los videos al 97,3% les pareció que la duración era adecuada. En la encuesta los alumnos manifestaron libremente diversas opiniones. Entre otras, manifestaron que ayudan a comprender la anatomía real de las estructuras estudiadas en tres dimensiones y que ayudan a repasar y a asentar conocimientos teóricos de lo ya explicado. También que ayudan a la motivación con las asignaturas preclínicas. Otros opinaron que los videos ayudan a tomar conciencia de la utilidad práctica de la asignatura en el contexto del ejercicio de la medicina. Conclusion: Podemos asegurar que la proyección de videos cortos preparados, tomando secuencias de intervenciones quirúrgicas abiertas o laparoscópicas y de estudios endoscópicos o radiológicos, tiene una gran utilidad para la mejora de la comprensión de la asignatura de la anatomía humana, ayudando a aclarar conceptos y afianzar conocimientos e incrementando la motivación del alumno, así como el rendimiento en el estudio.

Um dos principais problemas enfrentados na formação inicial de professores é a limitada integração/articulação entre teoria e prática, ou seja, o eterno desafio de aproximar a escola e a academia. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre uma experiência pedagógica com grupos focais para o ensino e a aprendizagem sobre o corpo humano, com o propósito de formação de professores de Biologia e de escolares do Ensino Médio. Para isto, foram realizadas entrevistas com escolares distribuídos em oito grupos focais, conduzidas por licenciandos de segundo semestre, do componente curricular Anatomia Humana, do Curso de Licenciatura em Biologia de uma universidade pública federal, situada na região Nordeste do Brasil. As entrevistas, gravadas em áudio e vídeo, tiveram duração mínima de 30 minutos. Em momento posterior, estas entrevistas foram transcritas e discutidas em aulas do componente curricular Anatomia Humana, tendo em vista não somente os aspectos relacionados à dimensão morfofuncional do corpo humano, mas também perspectivas pedagógicas adotadas na Educação Básica e processos de ensino e aprendizagem, de acordo com os relatos das entrevistas. Análises qualitativas das entrevistas evidenciaram que a atividade com grupos focais possibilitou aos licenciandos a vivência da docência, ao atuarem como facilitadores das entrevistas, e a aprendizagem dos escolares, ao compartilharem seus conhecimentos sobre o corpo humano com colegas. A partilha de experiências entre licenciandos e escolares favoreceu a construção coletiva de novas aprendizagens, a aproximação entre universidade e escola e a articulação entre teoria e prática na formação docente. A pesquisa indica que grupos focais, quando operacionalizados no cenário do componente curricular Anatomia Humana, podem constituir-se como uma Prática como Componente Curricular, ampliando-se, assim, o leque de possibilidades mobilizadas para a articulação entre teoria e prática na formação de professores de Biologia.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic it was necessary to reinvent the way of doing practical activities in the human anatomy laboratory and the need for these to be exclusively online, raised the requirement. Due to the impossibility of using organic samples, high-quality images had to be used. Therefore, photographs of dissections from our human anatomy laboratory were used, as well as digitalization of human structures from our laboratory in a three-dimensional (3D) format available on the web platform https://anatomiahumana3d.com. However, a certain degree of laziness on the part of the students and low participation in the practical activities was detected. To solve this problem, an Active Learning modality was implemented, specifically the Flipped Classroom, so that the students themselves generate their knowledge. Once the teaching-learning process was completed under the new modality, a descriptive study was carried out to detect shortcomings and propose improvements to the methodology applied. The results showed a level of satisfaction above 80 % and only 5 % of the students evaluated the different dimensions as acceptable demonstrating how the Flipped Classroom system was well received by the students. To conclude, it is prudent to generate future studies that help to improve this type of methodology, as well as to continue innovating in didactic strategies that contribute to the understanding of human anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society (BRAJETS) / Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade (CETS) is the property of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society - BRAJETS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Learning anatomy can be difficult and not very motivating for the student due to its complex vocabulary. One of the initial challenges in the teachinglearning process of human anatomy is the approach to general terms for the relationship and comparison of anatomical structures in the human body. The objective of this study was to analyze the definitions of the terms «relation and comparison» present in classic anatomy books and included in Terminologia Anatomica, identifying those terms that can cause confusion in the teaching-learning process of human anatomy. The terms were analyzed in different human anatomy texts, in the Royal National Academy of Medicine of Spain and in Terminologia Anatomica (FIPAT, 2019). It was possible to verify the existence of 18 relationship and comparison terms, of which 6 (external, internal, superficial, deep, intermediate and middle) can be confusing within the teaching-learning process of human anatomy. Factors such as ambiguous usage, lack of clear definitions, differences between Terminologia Anatomica and common language, and inconsistency across different sources contribute to this possible confusion. It is necessary to address these difficulties through a precise teaching of Terminologia Anatomica and its proper application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se diseñó un material didáctico, como herramienta tecnológica para la enseñanza de anatomía humana en estudiantes de la Filial de Ciencias Médicas «Tamara Bunke Bider» del municipio Moa. La investigación realizada es didáctica. Se confeccionaron dos maquetas con información básica de anatomía humana, usadas como medio de enseñanza del Sistema Osteomioarticular. Durante el trabajo resultó imprescindible el uso de métodos empíricos y teóricos, tales como: la interrogación (entrevistas no estructuradas), compilación de conocimientos, interpretación, análisis y síntesis. La información sobre anatomía expuesta en las maquetas contribuye a elevar la independencia cognoscitiva en los educandos y debido a su factibilidad técnica y económica, constituye una innovación en concordancia con los retos de la Universidad Cubana actual.

In this article is presented a proposal for modeling in the teaching-learning and evaluation of the Human Macroscopic Anatomy (HMA), based on the analysis of several models made by second semester students of the academic program of Medicine and Surgery. These models were carried out within the framework of a short course called Preanatomy, in which a participant observation was developed, followed by means of a field diary recorded by the main researcher. The models were evaluated with a rubric with five performance levels: preformal, receptive, resolutive, autonomous and strategic. It was found that 33.3 % of the students' models were at a strategic level, 25 % at a receptive level, 16.6 % at a resolutive level, 16.6 % at a preformal level and 8.3 % at an autonomous level. Regarding the students' difficulties by engaging in modeling activities, problems were detected to understand the use of anatomical terminology, identification and differentiation of structures in different cuts and views, and spatial location. According to these results, the modeling proposal includes the following stages: identification of a topic of interest; search, review, analysis and comparison of different texts; observation, inquiry and experimentation; development of the project for the construction of the anatomical model, interdisciplinary work; socialization; improvements to the anatomical model and writing of a manuscript with the model construction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo: Introdução: O cadáver é uma peça insubstituível no aprendizado da anatomia humana, pois permite uma visão tridimensional das estruturas anatômicas. Entretanto, observa-se um cenário de escassez e aumento da demanda das peças cadavéricas nas universidades brasileiras. Logo, diversas instituições, amparadas no artigo 14 da Lei nº 10.406/2002 do Código Civil brasileiro, implementaram programas de doação de corpos interessados em trazer melhorias significativas na qualidade de ensino da disciplina de anatomia. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o grau de conhecimento e as perspectivas de uma comunidade universitária a respeito da doação voluntária de corpos cadavéricos para fins educacionais e de pesquisa. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e prospectivo com abordagem quantitativa e coleta de dados por meio de questionário individual. Os sujeitos incluídos foram os docentes e discentes da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (Ufma), campus Dom Delgado. Os questionários eram relativos à obtenção de informações sobre o conhecimento e a opinião acerca da temática da doação de corpos. Resultado: Obteve-se um total de 264 questionários respondidos, os quais mostraram que 85,65% dos discentes e 87,1% dos docentes tinham conhecimento acerca da possibilidade da doação do próprio corpo. Contudo, observou-se que 94% dos entrevistados não sabiam que procedimentos eram necessários para a doação, e 86% não possuíam conhecimento acerca da legislação que permitia tal prática. Ademais, 27,65% dos participantes estavam aptos a doar o próprio corpo, 33,7% apontaram que não doariam e 38,9% informaram que não tinham opinião formada. O principal motivo apontado para doar foi: “para contribuir com o avanço da educação na área da saúde”, e para não doar: “quero ser enterrado ou cremado”. Conclusão: Existe um alto percentual de indivíduos que não conhecem os meios para realizar a doação de corpos, sendo evidenciado que os participantes apresentam baixa aptidão para doação. Contudo, existe um percentual significativo de indivíduos que não tem opinião formada sobre o assunto, demonstrando que a divulgação dessa temática é um meio para aumentar a adesão a tal prática. É importante realizar o desenvolvimento de programas de doação de corpos para solucionar a problemática.

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Despite efforts to generate a unified terminology, obsolete morphological terms are still used in different contexts, such as school textbooks, which are tools widely used by the Chilean school system. The morphological terminology used in texts for elementary school students (grades 1 to 6) proposed by the Chilean Ministry of Education was analyzed. This analysis was carried out by comparing the terms found in the school texts with the morphological terminology proposed by the international federation of anatomical terminology. In addition, a translation into Spanish is proposed for those terms that are found to be erroneous in the texts analyzed. The results show that out of a total of 254 terms, 35.8 % are incorrect. Among the terms with errors, the most mentioned by the texts are: locomotor system, circulatory system, arm, among others. In view of this, we conclude that it is important that the textbooks used in the educational system be reviewed by experts to avoid obstacles in the learning of anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar uma experiência formativa, fundamentada no trabalho com relações étnico-raciais, amparada pelo Parecer CNE/CP 003/2004 da Lei nº 10.639/2003 e desenvolvida no âmbito do componente curricular Anatomia Humana, com discentes de um curso de Licenciatura em Biologia. As relações étnico-raciais foram problematizadas por meio de fontes de informação construídas, fundamentalmente, a partir de artigos científicos. Tais fontes dialogam com os seguintes temas: bases teóricas do racismo, uso de fatores de correção racial nos algoritmos clínicos, conhecimentos de matriz africana e cientistas negros. A avaliação desta ação pautou-se na análise das respostas dadas pelos licenciandos às questões colocadas em fóruns virtuais. As análises permitiram inferir que os discentes (re)construíram ideias sobre a imagem de cientista, o papel da instituição Medicina na produção do racismo e os conhecimentos de matriz africana. Esta experiência formativa inova ao questionar diferentes formas de ensino e pesquisa associadas à anatomia humana.

E-learning (electronic learning) is the process of teaching, learning and evaluation, through the internet and technology, that is, it is focused on learning methods, the expansion and connection of information, which in the use of a computer as an artifact in the learning process. The purpose of this review was to identify studies that explore e-learning technologies and their impact on the teaching and assessment process of Human Anatomy, and to assess the quality of published research. A systematic review of the literature was carried out in the databases Pudmed (Medline), Ovid (Cochrane Central), Ovid (Medline), Scopus, Web of science (clarivate) and Science Direct, including the keywords: Examination, Teaching, COVID-19 medical education, COVID-19, Medical student exams, Anatomy, Students, Medical. Research quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality (MERSQI) instrument. In total, 202 research articles were found, and when applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 24 articles were identified; After reading the articles, four investigations were chosen that met the synthesis criteria in this review. In general, the results showed a favorable impact of elearning technologies since it facilitated access, flexibility and learning pace for each student, it also promoted new forms of teaching and evaluation in the discipline of Human Anatomy in medical students. during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, medical education for basic science in human anatomy indicates a transition from blended face-to-face and virtual learning to a blended learning model (b-learning). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study and teaching of human anatomy is one of the cornerstones of education of basis science in health professionals. The aim of this study was to present a bibliometric analysis of the global outputs of research on the teaching and learning of human anatomy in the last two decades. The Scopus database was used to search and retrieve studies related to this topic between 2001 and February 10, 2021. A total of 10,481 documents were found through a systematic search strategy. A growing trend in publishing research results was evidenced, starting in 2001 with a considerable increase between 2012 and 2015. Four clusters were identified in studies related to teaching-learning methodologies of human anatomy. These clusters correspond to traditional methods and emerging methodologies such as the use of information and communication technologies, 3D impressions and diagnostic images. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany were the countries with the highest production in the number of publications on this topic. Although new methodologies have been included in teaching and learning human anatomy, such as the use of information and communication technologies, the trend in these processes continues to be mediated by the traditional method of cadaveric dissection. However, there is an increase in the immersion of virtual resources as part of these methodologies that should be integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the planning and development of an ict-Mediated (information and communication technologies) course of conceptualization of anatomical bases called Pre-Anatomy for first-year undergraduate students of the academic program of Medicine and Surgery of the Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia). This work followed the epistemological premises of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), and four modules were designed for teaching, learning, and evaluation: 1) Anatomical theory, 2) Anatomical drawing, 3) Use of virtual platforms, and 4) Medical literacy. This article presents the activities planned for the classes of the first module, based on interviews with expert teachers in the area to learn about the content representation (CoRe) of fundamental concepts of Human Gross Anatomy, and the teaching objectives, which included the integration of scientific competencies through the construction of anatomical models. The process of planning and development of the course allowed making a proposal of teaching, learning, and evaluation (T-L-Ev) oriented to move from a transmissionism emphasis, in which the teacher is the center of the process, to a student-centered T-L-Ev. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has opened the possibility of improving learning environments. However, in the field of medical education, the tools that are used do not provide clear evidence as to whether students are actually learning. Specifically, in the teaching of anatomy, multiple applications have emerged to satisfy the need to access cadaveric material, nevertheless, these lack enriched information on the performance achieved by students and how to adapt learning according to their educational needs. Thus, one of the strategies currently present in this area is gamification. This study implements and uses a gamified educational software platform based on recommender systems and virtual assistants, capable of delivering feedback and strategies to support the appropriation of anatomy knowledge of medical students at the Universidad de La Frontera (UFRO), in the city of Temuco, Chile. Forty-five students participated in the study. The study consisted in the use of various gamified components with artificial intelligence techniques. The main findings of this experience led to the conclusion that the use of gamified components for learning anatomy is a resource that supports student learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted long-standing educational practices. In Colombia, online learning depends on academic and non-academic factors, and this dependence makes e-learning even more difficult. This paper aimed to study the students' viewpoint of Anatomy teaching at Universidad del Norte, Colombia, during the Covid-19 pandemic. One hundred sixteen students answered a questionnaire about their opinions on several topics related to online learning of Anatomy. The strongest correlation observed showed that the students agree that online anatomy classes make the subject more difficult to learn when compared to face-to-face lectures. Negative attitudes toward motivation, lack of personal contact with classmates, and complaints about being taught without laboratory sessions with cadavers were among the principal negative attitudes in students. After almost one year, motivation to participate in online classes went down; however, students improved their judgment about remote anatomy learning and their views about using authentic anatomy images during online sessions and substituting real anatomy images for apps. Anatomy sessions will have to adapt their learning tools to e-learning as time constraints allow, creating a new environment for students to participate, learn, and take advantage of this change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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No Ensino de Ciências, cada vez mais se têm discutido a importância de repensar a prática educacional, buscando alternativas que colaborem para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O uso de aplicativos em smartphones é uma estratégia que pode trazer contribuições em aulas de Anatomia Humana ao, por exemplo, favorecer visualizações e a realização de atividades diferenciadas. Porém, a utilização desses recursos deve estar associada a uma proposta metodológica adequada. Neste trabalho, considera-se a metodologia dos Três Momentos Pedagógicos (3MP), que visa criar situações para desenvolver a capacidade investigativa e o raciocínio para a resolução de problemas. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a análise das contribuições pedagógicas de uma Sequência Didática (SD), baseada na metodologia dos 3MP e apoiada no uso de smartphones, para o estudo dos sistemas respiratório, circulatório e endócrino, em aulas de Biologia, no Ensino Médio. A pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo, a partir de uma intervenção pedagógica realizada com alunos da 2ª série do Ensino Médio de um Colégio Estadual do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados coletados sinalizaram que, em geral, a SD contribuiu para despertar a curiosidade e estimular a participação dos alunos, resultando no aprimoramento das concepções acerca dos conceitos científicos estudados.

A Anatomia Humana estuda o corpo por diferentes métodos, incluindo as metodologias ativas. Este estudo objetivou relatar uma das metodologias utilizadas durante um Curso de Especialização latu sensu. Vinte alunos do citado curso foram divididos em quatro grupos para elaboração de um roteiro contendo nomes de estruturas ósseas, musculares e articulares da região de cabeça e pescoço. Em seguida, os roteiros foram repassados ao próximo grupo para registro fotográfico das estruturas anatômicas listadas. O mesmo roteiro foi então entregue para outros grupos para a identificação das estruturas nas imagens fotográficas e na sequência para a correção. Finalizou-se com a conferência e análise do grupo original que elaborou a lista de estruturas. Pode-se notar diferenças entre os grupos quanto à quantidade de estruturas selecionadas, gerando roteiros sucintos ou extensos. Conclui-se que tal método foi eficaz para complementação do estudo teórico e prático dos conteúdos e exige participação intensa dos alunos.

O artigo é relato da experiência da pesquisa – AnatomoPoesia - sediada na Faculdade Angel Vianna/RJ, desde 2017, dentro da disciplina Anatomia Aplicada à Dança, lecionada pela autora. O objetivo geral deste artigo é apresentar a pesquisa AnatomoPoesia. Os objetivos específicos: contextualizar a fonte inspiradora da pesquisa – a Mestre Angel Vianna e sua metodologia; conceituar o que é AnatomoPoesia; refletir junto aos marcos teóricos sobre os conceitos que alicerçam a pesquisa.

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito identificar la propuesta de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación (E-A-Ev) de tres textos universitarios de anatomía macroscópica humana (AMH), y a partir de esta, proponer una mejora para el diseño y utilización de los mismos; el aprendizaje de la AMH ha sido considerado fundamental en la formación de los estudiantedel programa académico de Medicina y Cirugía. La enseñanza que se practica en las escuelas de Medicina se ha clasificado como tradicional, caracterizada por una concepción transmisionista del saber, el aprendizaje en este enfoque es memorístico y repetitivo y en cuanto a la evaluación del conocimiento anatómico, generalmente se corrobora con una prueba de respuesta múltiple, en el que se evalúa la acumulación de información. Para la revisión y análisis de los textos se plantearon tres fases; primero, se seleccionaron los libros objeto de estudio, de acuerdo a una consulta realizada a profesores universitarios del área. Segundo, se identificó la propuesta de E-A-Ev, a través de la elaboración de una tabla comparativa y siguiendo características propuestas por diferentes autores para responder a las siguientes preguntas ¿cuál es el propósito del texto?, ¿cuál es la estructura del texto?, ¿cómo se propone la enseñanza?, ¿cómo se concibe el aprendizaje?, ¿cómo se planea la evaluación? ¿cuál es la retórica utilizada? y ¿qué ilustraciones e imágenes se utilizan para representar los conceptos?. Tercero, de acuerdo al análisis realizado, se planteó una propuesta para contribuir a una mejora del diseño y utilización de los textos.

Possessing an extremely technicist educational system, Brazilian education over the years required a significant reformulation of methodologies that facilitated student learning. In this regard, studies on new teaching methods and mechanisms were encouraged for the significant evolution of concepts. Thus, there was a need for the production and use of didactic models in teaching, especially in human anatomy, as they present a certain complexity of terms that most often make it difficult for students to understand. In this aspect, this article aims to make a systematic analysis of the use of didactic models in the approach of human anatomy in basic and higher education, aiming to realize how important the use of such pedagogical tools is for the teaching and learning of human anatomy. Thus, the use of didactic models in teaching human anatomy becomes a real tool that facilitates learning in a more dynamic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo planteado en este estudio fue doble, evaluar la satisfacción del alumnado a realizar evaluación online, y las diferencias en esta según se realizase en casa o en el aula. El diseño y metodología se planteó mediante encuestas de satisfacción del tipo de evaluación y un análisis estadístico para valorar las diferencias en los resultados de esta según lugar de realización. La valoración del alumnado no muestra unanimidad (53%) en considerar la evaluación online como un buen método de evaluación, aunque el 67% y el 90% (según curso y asignatura) usaría herramientas digitales para evaluar presencialmente. La reducción del tiempo y la conexión, son los principales inconvenientes valorados. Los resultados de la evaluación global no muestran cambios según sea presencial o a distancia. Por lo tanto, consideramos que la utilización de nuevas tecnologías para evaluar ha sido bien aceptada por los alumnos y por el profesorado, y no se observan resultados dispares realizándose presencial o a distancia.

Learning anatomy requires students to incorporate a significant amount of new vocabulary, which may lead to some difficulties as students are unfamiliar with most of these terms. Despite efforts realized over time to make the use of Terminologia Anatomica (TA) clear and precise, teaching anatomy remains a complex issue. In this context, it becomes necessary to develop innovative new strategies that favor student learning. The objective of this study therefore, was to analyze, from an etymological origin, the prefixes and suffixes included in the TA, in order to facilitate the teaching and learning processes of human anatomy. The use of each prefix and suffix in anatomy was investigated in the second edition of the TA. The affixes found were analyzed from an etymological point of view according to the guidelines proposed by the Medical-Biological, Historical and Etymological Dictionary of the University of Salamanca. As a result, it was possible to corroborate a wide use of prefixes and suffixes in TA, and verify that all the terms analyzed from an etymological point of view, coincide with their current use in anatomy. Consequently, their knowledge and understanding could facilitate the teaching and learning processes of human anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo se realizó como una experiencia de profesores de la Universidad de Camagüey y de la Universidad ISA en República Dominicana, Santiago de los Caballeros, en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Administración, con el objetivo de aplicar estrategias metodológicas para el desarrollo de competencias en Anatomía humana para cinco grupos del 8vo cuatrimestre de la Licenciatura en Educación, Concentración Ciencias de la Naturaleza, de enero a abril del 2018. La investigación se caracterizó por seguir una metodología mixta, basada en dos encuestas, la inicial y la final, a una muestra de 91 alumnos, de una población de 162, la observación durante la aplicación de las prácticas a toda la población y el análisis estadístico de los resultados en las evaluaciones, se aplicaron 23 técnicas participativas y el análisis de 7 situaciones problemas, se logró el desarrollo de las 10 competencias de Anatomía y el perfeccionamiento de los resultados docentes de los estudiantes llegando a la conclusión que la aplicación de las estrategias fue relevante en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Palabras clave: estrategia metodológica, técnicas participativas, Anatomía humana.

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o papel de uma estratégia de intervenção pedagógica focalizada na história da ciência na (re)construção de concepções de futuros professores sobre o processo de criação científica, considerado uma das várias dimensões da natureza da ciência. Trata-se de uma intervenção pedagógica centrada na abordagem histórica do sistema circulatório humano, desenvolvida e avaliada com um grupo de 22 alunos da disciplina Anatomia Humana, de um curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas. Na avaliação da intervenção empregou-se dois instrumentos de investigação, atividades de aprendizagem e roteiro da entrevista dos grupos focais, sendo que as respostas dos alunos às questões contidas nestes instrumentos foram analisadas por intermédio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados da investigação indicam que a estratégia de intervenção pedagógica implementada contribuiu para que os alunos (re)construíssem suas concepções sobre o processo de criação científica, pois estes passaram a reconhecer a pluralidade de processos mobilizados pelos cientistas e a inexistência de um único método científico.

At present, plastination technique is considered one of the newest forms of conservation of whole bodies, sections and organs, both human and animal, for use in undergraduate and graduate teaching, as well as morphological research. In this sense, to develop the various plastination techniques requires specific equipment and specialized training of academics, who have the ability to carry out the diversity of protocols that exist, according to the anatomical material that is to be preserved. In 2015, from the Laboratory of Plastination and Anatomical Techniques of Universidad de La Frotera, a new plastination technique was proposed for the first time at room temperature, which allowed obtaining plastinated preparations of the same quality as the classic plastination techniques. At present, from our laboratory, a new protocol for plastination with silicone is proposed that unifies the techniques that are developed in cold as well as at room temperature for the conservation of complete human and animal bodies, such as as well as anatomical sections, body regions, and isolated organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introdução: A Anatomia humana é uma disciplina complexa, de base introdutória na estrutura curricular dos cursos de saúde. Trata-se de uma disciplina de suma importância para o profissional de Enfermagem, pois, além de fornecer o conhecimento necessário para o seu trabalho, é essencial para a compreensão de outros conteúdos durante a graduação. Sendo a Anatomia uma disciplina introdutória e com uma grande carga teórico-prática, os estudantes enfrentam desafios para aprendê-la. Nesse caso, a monitoria surge como uma estratégia essencial de auxílio no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, de disciplinas indispensáveis à formação profissional. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da monitoria acadêmica na disciplina de Anatomia Humana para estudantes de Enfermagem. Material e métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado numa instituição de ensino superior privada, na cidade de Aracati-Ce. A amostra da pesquisa foi constituída por 100 acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem, de todos os períodos, os quais frequentavam ou já frequentaram as aulas de monitoria acadêmica de Anatomia Humana. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi um questionário com doze perguntas subjetivas. Resultados: de modo geral, os discentes do curso de Enfermagem estão satisfeitos com a forma com a qual monitoria vem sendo exercida, uma vez que esta é vista como um fator positivo e essencial para o fortalecimento do aprendizado. Conclusão: os alunos do curso de Enfermagem conseguiram compreender melhor a disciplina de Anatomia Humana através das aulas de monitoria.

Copyright of Imafronte. Revista de Historia del Arte is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Francisco Montbrun (1913-2007), an outstanding anatomist, was Professor of Anatomy for 64 years at the Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) from 1937 to 2001, and founder of the "José María Vargas" School of Medicine and its Human Anatomy Department in 1960. A renowned surgeon, he worked at Hospital Vargas in Caracas and was a Professor of Surgery for 23 years at Facultad de Medicina, UCV. He mentored several generations of anatomists, physicians, surgeons, and university professors. Montbrun was appointed honorary professor. He held important management, representative and administrative positions at the Central University of Venezuela and the Venezuelan government. He wrote textbooks of anatomy and neuroanatomy, published research papers, and introduced surgical techniques in Venezuela. He contributed greatly to improve the teaching and development of anatomy and neuroanatomy, and the medical studies in Venezuela. During his extensive and productive public, medical and academic career, Montbrun received multiple awards and acknowledgements. He was an Individual of Number of the National Academy of Medicine and Minister of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding human anatomy, and especially some very small organs such as the middle and inner ear, is challenging due to their complex three-dimensional structure. To build knowledge in understanding of anatomy, of the human inner and middle ear, from the 3D modeling and dissection experiment. Using DICOM images from a computerized axial tomography of the human ear converted to a 3D model (Mimics) and cadaveric dissections of the temporal bone, the bony and soft structures of the external, middle, and internal ear were designed, using organic modeling software. A standard operating protocol, 3D modeling of the middle and inner ear and 3D printing of the structures was created, differentiating each one by color. In this case, the dissection and modeling of the anatomical pieces was fundamental in the teaching and learning of this area of science, allowing expanded knowledge from the search for information, observation, analysis and reflection. The students showed fascination and deep learning in the practice carried out. The construction of explanatory models around qualitative experimentation allows an in-depth understanding of the different phenomena. The experimental activity overcomes the demonstration and facilitates thought process. The students achieve and in depth understanding of the middle and inner ear anatomy, acquired surgical skills, proposed and analyzed projects that allowed them to participate in academic event. They have also acquired additional skills, such as the comprehensive use of scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]