Search

In 2005, Kitson and McCully introduced the 'risk-taking' continuum, representing the multiple ways in which teachers in post-conflict societies deal with the history of conflict in the classroom. 'Avoiders', at one extreme, refrain from teaching the violent past, while at the other extreme 'risk-takers' analyse multiple perspectives on what happened and why. Since their seminal study, scholars have increasingly studied the challenges and opportunities related to teaching the violent past. Yet, so far no study has empirically tested and applied the continuum. Drawing on a survey of 558 secondary school teachers in post-conflict Ambon, Indonesia, we analyse the proportion and characteristics of 'risk-takers' as compared to 'avoiders'. Our results show that 'risk-takers' represent a slim majority. While 'risk-taking' is associated with political interest and higher levels of education, teachers who suffered much harm during the conflict, whose students belong to a religious group other than theirs and/or those who think conflict causes have been addressed are less supportive of conflict history teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifikasi bidang gelincir telah dilakukan di Batu Koneng, Kota Ambon dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik konfigurasi dipole-dipole. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menginterpretasi lapisan batuan bawah permukaan di area penelitian melalui nilai resistivitas guna mengetahui adanya potensi bidang gelincir yang menyebabkan longsor. Data pengukuran dilakukan sebanyak 4 lintasan dengan panjang 110 m yang pengolahan datanya menggunakan software Res2Dinv. Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan bahwa di lokasi penelitian terdeteksi litologi lempung dengan variasi nilai resistivitas 8,77-24,9 Ωm. Sedangkan lapisan lain diduga sebagai batu gamping dengan variasi nilai resistivitas 23,0-70,1 Ωm. Bidang gelincir diduga berupa lapisan lempung yang terdeteksi pada semua penampang lintasan, untuk penampang 1 ditemukan pada kedalaman 1,25 m hingga 6,76 m, untuk penampang 2 ditemukan pada kedalaman 1,25 m hingga 8 m. Sedangkan pada penampang 3 pada kedalaman 1,25 m hingga 11 m dan penampang 4 menjadi lapisan yang paling dalam yaitu 1,25 m hingga 24 m.

Manual measurements to estimate the height and diameter of sago stems can be performed directly. However, estimates of height and diameter from land cover using remote sensing or aerial photographic coverage have not been widely featured in articles at home or abroad. To determine the potential and distribution of sago plant species that can be produced per area in the sago forest area, we mapped the sago land area using drone aircraft to cover the sago land area. We determined the diameter and height classes of sago plants using a Digital Surface Model (DSM) data application method. The results of the analysis showed that there was a distribution of diameter and height of sago plants varying according to height, namely for strata-level seedlings (0 to 6 m) as much as 100, saplings (6 to 12 m) as much as 818, poles (12 to 18 m) as much as 3,332, and trees (> 18 m) as much as 3.79. for the area of sago land mapped, and can be processed into an orthomosaic covering an area of 126,883 ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the activities of the SSVA, a Moluccan diaspora organisation based in Vlissingen, the Netherlands, explicitly focusing on its pivotal role in establishing a sister-city relationship with the ancestral homeland, Ambon. Moving beyond a conventional development initiative, we posit that the Vlissingen-Ambon sister-city programme is rooted in a Moluccan traditional bond known as pela , which extends its influence globally, leading us to coin the term 'global pela '. Employing a qualitative approach, we conducted in-depth interviews in May 2022 with key stakeholders and comprehensively analysed primary documents. Our findings revealed that the Moluccan diaspora community in Vlissingen has effectively addressed the psychological trauma experienced upon their initial migration to the Netherlands. Moreover, they have developed a unique diasporic community that transcends traditional notions of nationalism and formal citizenship. This research highlights the lasting importance of cultural bonds in fostering transnational relationships and healing historical wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konflik di Maluku tahun 1999 meninggalkan bekas luka yang bertahan hingga 20 tahun. Fenomena ini tercermin dalam narasi masyarakat pascakonflik secara langsung yang terdapat dalam perbincangan masyarakat sehari-hari. Selama 20 tahun bertahan di Ambon sebagai pengungsi, masyarakat Kayeli mengalami berbagai macam pengalaman (baik pengalaman kekerasan maupun damai). Perjuangan yang dihadapi pengungsi Kayeli menggambarkan kerusakan yang terjadi akibat konflik berkaitan dengan pola-pola relasi komunal sekian tahun setelah perang selesai. Kondisi ini sayangnya tidak cukup mendapat perhatian dalam kajian tentang masyarakat pascakonfik. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perjuangan komunitas pengungsi sebagai kelompok masyarakat rentan yang hidup dengan narasi kekerasan pascakonflik di Ambon. Tulisan ini didasarkan pada data dari hasil wawancara mendalam terhadap delapan informan pengungsi Kayeli pada tahun 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman konflik yang digambarkan dalam kelompok ini menggambarkan diskriminasi dan perjuangan dalam hubungan komunal di daerah baru tempat mereka dimukimkan kembali dari desa-desa mereka yang dilanda perang. Tulisan ini menguraikan tanggapan para pengungsi terhadap narasi konflik berdasarkan keyakinan Kristen yang mereka anut. Berbagai tanggapan tersebut merupakan cara komunitas pengungsi terus menjalani kehidupannya dengan mengatasi narasi-narasi diskriminatif di komunitas baru mereka.

Salafi community in Ambon have developed since the arrival of Laskar Jihad during the 1999 Ambon Conflict. Social dan religious competition has divided them, which is not only triggered by their interpretation of Islam but also by their efforts to gain religious influence and socio-religious dominance within the Islamic society. The research method used in this research is qualitative phenomenology. The research results found that for the Salafis, love for their homeland was proven during the COVID-19 pandemic; Salafi groups in Ambon also implement all policies issued by the Indonesian government without exception. Religious moderation is a fair and balanced attitude that does not exaggerate or belittle religion. Another characteristic of the moderation attitude shown is constantly repairing and avoiding damage. Salafi community in Ambon continue try to protect their faith, soul, reason, honor, lineage, and property. They respect fellow religious people, regardless their religious background and beliefs.

Salafi community in Ambon have developed since the arrival of Laskar Jihad during the 1999 Ambon Conflict. Social dan religious competition has divided them, which is not only triggered by their interpretation of Islam but also by their efforts to gain religious influence and socio-religious dominance within the Islamic society. The research method used in this research is qualitative phenomenology. The research results found that for the Salafis, love for their homeland was proven during the COVID-19 pandemic; Salafi groups in Ambon also implement all policies issued by the Indonesian government without exception. Religious moderation is a fair and balanced attitude that does not exaggerate or belittle religion. Another characteristic of the moderation attitude shown is constantly repairing and avoiding damage. Salafi community in Ambon continue try to protect their faith, soul, reason, honor, lineage, and property. They respect fellow religious people, regardless their religious background and beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In marketing strategy at each companies whose goal is to improve sales, then required existence of marketing and management strategies good marketing, so instruments are needed marketing consisting _ from product (product), price ( price ), place (place) and promotion ( promotion ). By In general, marketing is a social process by which individuals and groups gain what are they needs and wants by creating and exchanging products and value with other individuals and groups. And so can be said definitively that draft marketing is a philosophy business stated _ that satisfaction need consumer is condition economic and social for continuity life company . marketing so far it hasn't been missed from element competition. This research is based on back by something thinking that all organizations, whether in the form of business entities private, body of a nature public or institutions social society, have something objective its own which is motivation from its founder . Likewise with LADAKU products on CV. GEMA FORTUNE AMBON, of course it has goals, strategies and management in improving the sales . Interesting background to the research towards Ladaku Products at CV. GEMA FORTUNE Ambon is because see consumer interest _ currently in development Really encouraging although Lots competitor from other companies . However Still Many people are encouraged and interested in buying and selling LADAKU products on CV. Echo Ambon fortune. This research aims to find out mix marketing (7P) Ladaku Products at CV.Gema Ambon fortune and identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of marketing strategies at CV.Gema Ambon fortune . The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative namely the data collected form pictures, words and not numbers . In this study, one was used tool analysis namely the SWOT method ( Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats ). The analysis results show performance companies that can be determined by a combination internal and external factors . Hence the result of CV SWOT analysis . Echo Ambon's fortune has strengths that can be used in certain strategies as well as utilise the right opportunity in a way simultaneously so that it can be minimized or avoided existing weaknesses and threats . _ This is very profitable company by improving conditions above average ability so CV. Echo Rejeki Ambon can control existing competitors and known competitors _ _ strong . CV. Gema Fortune also deepens relationship with partners To use create good relationships as well make Attractive promotions to attract _ customer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urban development and increasing human activities in the city can affect the decline in the Vegetation Index in Ambon City. The research aims to analyze the vegetation index using sentinel-2 satellite image data with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) in Ambon City in 2023. This research uses Sentinel-2 Satellite Image data which is analyzed using Google Earth Engine with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. The results showed that the vegetation index value in Ambon City in 2023 was the lowest value of -0.672381 and the highest value of 0.949297. The vegetation index value is then divided into four classes, namely No Vegetation which has an area of 4,448.99 ha or 13.67%, Low Vegetation areas have an area of 1,611.06 ha or 4.95%, Moderate Vegetation areas have an area of 2,895.12 ha or 8.89% and High Vegetation areas have an area of 23,597.35 ha or 72.49%. Analysis of the vegetation index in Ambon City is very important to maintain environmental balance and a healthy and sustainable environment.

This article provides an overview of the development of contemporary Salafi movements in Maluku following the 1999 conflicts. The emergence and spread of the Salafi movement in this region has been significant over the past two decades, extending throughout Muslim communities in Maluku. This article explores the origins and connections between the Salafi movements in Maluku and nationwide and examines how local Muslims have responded to these developments. Through qualitative analysis using descriptive methods, data was collected through observations and interviews with key figures from both within the Salafi community and local community leaders. The findings show that the presence of the Salafi movements in Maluku is notable, particularly through their involvement in education and politics (da’wah). These movements can be characterised as purist while also encompassing educational, social, and political dimensions within Malukan society. The multifaceted approaches employed by this group have contributed to its growing acceptance among local Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-conflict situation is a phase that occurs after the signing of the peace agreement. However, it cannot be assumed as the end of the conflict and the beginning of a peaceful situation because post-conflict is very fragile. The war may have ended, but small conflicts in large numbers, are still possible, and if not dealt with immediately, the situation can relapse into war. This is where the importance of intercultural dialogue is to ensure durable peace. One of the instruments of intercultural dialogue is commensality. This article then examines a form of commensality in the city of Ambon, Indonesia, as an instrument for building peace after the violent conflict of 1999-2002. The results of this study indicate that the commensality of makan patita traditions has supported the creation of space and place for intercultural dialogue. Space is a material form. The commensality tradition in Ambon which is carried out in cities or public spaces, allowing participants to gather and dialogue, while Place is more of values and meanings provided by the implementation of this tradition, such as the meaning of togetherness, and peace. and unity.

Copyright of Sudo Jurnal Teknik Informatika is the property of Ilmu Bersama Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Various studies have examined masculinities within a sociological context, emphasizing linkage to violence, power, and militarization. In this sense, researchers have frequently positioned masculinities as the reproductions of male dominance and their perpetuations of conflicts and violence. No study has examined the roles that masculinities and their embedded values have played in building and maintaining peace. This article seeks to fill in the gap by examining how young people on Ambon Island helped create peace by expressing their fluid masculinities through literary works. This article focuses on poems by two Ambonese men--one a prominent peacebuilder and another a former combatant who later became involved in peacebuilding works. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) enabled an understanding of the ideology of the poems. With this method, wordings, alternative wordings, and rewordings served as the tools of analysis. Findings revealed that while masculinity of the traditional gender order is often associated with violence, courage, strength, and machismo, these writers from Ambon Island have presented fluid masculinities through their literary works as an instrument for creating sustainable peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini beranjak dari kesadaran akan kurang optimalnya kemampuan para pemuda perkumpulan ANGKEMI di Kota Ambon dalam menyelesaikan proses akademik. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan para pemuda ANGKEMI khususnya mahasiswa tingkat akhir dalam memahami fitur-fitur Ms. Office sehingga dapat diterapkan dalam pengembangan diri dan karir mereka ke depan. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan penting yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap evaluasi. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan selama dua hari dengan jumlah peserta 20 orang. Pelatihan optimalisasi penggunaan Ms. Office yang dilakukan selama dua hari memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan para peserta dalam mengoperasikan dan menggunakan fitur–fitur yang tersedia pada Ms. Office Word maupun Excel. Secara keseluruhan, pelatihan ini berjalan dengan sangat baik dan berdampak positif ditandai dengan antusiasme peserta dalam mengikuti kegiatan PkM serta hasil yang ditunjukkan.

Clove “Raja” is one of the local Maluku clove germplasm, which has characteristics similar to cultivated cloves and wild types. Until now, very limited information that are available on the morphological character of clove “Raja”. This study aims to provide basic information on the morphological diversity of “Raja”. The study was conducted at the location of the distribution of cloves “Raja” in Mamala village, Leihitu sub-district, Central Maluku district, Maluku province, in June-August 2022. The descriptors used referred to Tropical Fruit Descriptors, with some modifications. The clove “Raja” that were characterized belonged to the farmers and consisted of 30 accessions of cloves that were over twenty years old. The characterization variables included the characters of trees, stems, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The results of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) on 30 plant samples based on 54 morphological characters obtained two accession groups with a dissimilarity coefficient of 41%. The results of the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) got a total diversity of 70.5% where the first group consisted of accessions of cloves “Raja” group I having identifiable characters in the form of leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf tip shape; while the second group of clove accessions of “Raja” group I in the form of stem circumference, petiole length, flower length, fruit length, fruit width, and fruit weight. Characteristics of accession of “Raja” cloves group II had distinctive morphological traits in the form of crown shape, upper surface of leaves, lower surface of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf texture, old leaf color, shoot color, leaf tip color, leaf aroma, leaf spiciness, flower stalk length, and seed color.

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of Pela Gandong in the process of social reconciliation and peacebuilding in Ambon. Using a sociocultural approach, this qualitative research attempted to examine the theory of social reconciliation in the peace-building process between two conflicting groups. The data that had been collected in the form of interviews, FGDs, and documentation sources related to pela gandong were qualitatively analyzed. The results of the research showed that structural segregation becomes a barrier to the process of social reconciliation because some communities and local elites still maintained inter-group beliefs about the existence of a common enemy due to past conflicts. Pela gandong played a role in strengthening social reconciliation amid actor antagonisms that were difficult to subside, factions among local elites that were still strong, and people who were still trapped in past traumas. Based on the spirit of pela gandong, the government and civil society, including educational institutions in Ambon, presented a peaceful atmosphere with various initiatives, starting from the formation of multi-ethnic villages, providing facilities and infrastructure for harmony, strengthening the curriculum for local wisdom "Pela Gandong" and “Pendidikan Orang Basudara” (POB), to strengthening interfaith mediation institutions in Maluku: Baku Bae, Maluku Interfaith Institution, and Maluku Interfaith Institution for Humanitarian Action. All of them were an effort to create a peaceful Ambon, make Maluku a laboratory for peace, a learning medium for other regions in Indonesia.

Corona Virus or Covid-19 has taken over all the world, including Indonesia. This virus outbreak has become a pandemic because of its lightning-fast spread and greater number of death rate. Ambon as one of the cities in Eastern Indonesia is also affected by Corona Virus.The higher the positive cases in Ambon, the higher the hazardous and toxic waste production (B3). Now, the government of Maluku province is preparing B3 waste management facilities, so that this research aims to investigate the appropriate location for this waste management. This research was a qualitative descriptive by applying a SIG method, that was analysing the area function with the parameter of slope, soil type, and rainfall. The area function could be used to consider the development plans of an area. Then, the data of buildings was used as a basic to determine the ideal area with the service range of 500 meter in accordance with the standard distance of B3 waste management facilities from surrounding buildings. The research findings show four alternative areas of B3 waste management facilities in Ambon. These four areas are safe to be built hazardous and toxic waste (B3) management facilities since these are located far away from the settlements.

Maluku experienced one of Indonesia's most serious conflicts following the fall of Suharto in 1998. The peaceful reconciliation that eventually occurred is reported to be mainly based on tradition (adat) to rebuild bridges between the religious communities. However, emphasis on processes of peacebuilding through inter religious dialogue and lack of support for interethnic or intergenerational dialogue have enhanced forms of social inequality. This article engages with selected village communities in Ambon and West Seram, where, assisted by a few local representatives, I identified three potential fields for creative peacebuilding that also aim to address emerging inequalities: identity building based on local traditions, protection of the environment and interethnic dialogue. Examples of locally rooted measures with potential for sustained peacebuilding include the Pukul Sapu ceremony in Morela (Ambon), the sasi ritual in Niwelehu (Seram) and building relations between diverse ethnic groups based on religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-conflict situation is a phase that occurs after the signing of the peace agreement. However, it cannot be assumed as the end of the conflict and the beginning of a peaceful situation because post-conflict is very fragile. The war may have ended, but small conflicts in large numbers, are still possible, and if not dealt with immediately, the situation can relapse into war. This is where the importance of intercultural dialogue is to ensure durable peace. One of the instruments of intercultural dialogue is commensality. This article then examines a form of commensality in the city of Ambon, Indonesia, as an instrument for building peace after the violent conflict of 1999-2002. The results of this study indicate that the commensality of makan patita traditions has supported the creation of space and place for intercultural dialogue. Space is a material form. The commensality tradition in Ambon which is carried out in cities or public spaces, allowing participants to gather and dialogue, while Place is more of values and meanings provided by the implementation of this tradition, such as the meaning of togetherness, and peace. and unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the process of desegregation through panas pela of education at SMPN 4 Salahutu Liang and SMPN 9 Ambon. Panas pela of education is a transformation of pela gandong local wisdom with the aim of overcoming segregation in schools. Pela gandong is a bond of brotherhood between the people of Maluku, regardless of religion, either Islam or Christian. The implementation of panas pela of education has been started since 2013 between SMPN 9 Ambon, whose students are 99% Christian/Catholic and SMPN 4 Salahutu Liang, which are 100% Muslim students. This research method uses qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used by observation, participation, literature review, interviews, and documentation. Panas pela of education as a process of desegregation is carried out in the form of joint activities such as sports fairs, scouts, iftar, Christmas, student council activities and teacher exchanges. In addition, the students also performed dances, songs, and poetry without any segregation between them. In the midst of the current strengthening of polarization due to political choices, the panas pela of education is present as a means of social integration and evidence of the existence of harmonization between religious adherents in Indonesia.

Stroke is the dissolution of blood flow to the brain, due to the rupture of blood vessels or blockage of blood vessels to the brain. Stroke results in paralysis, sensory disorders, activity disorders, mental changes such as impaired thinking, awareness, concentration, impaired communication, and emotional disturbance. These changes require the ability of individuals to overcome these problems. This ability is known by the term strategy coping. In general, the known strategy of coping is problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. As part of the behavior, psychosocial responses and coping strategies influenced by culture. This study aims to describe the psychosocial response and coping strategy of stroke patients in the context of the culture in Ambon. The method in this study is a qualitative phenomenology approach. Data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews. The participants in this study were four people. Result obtained four themes: (1) physical changes, (2) independence in carrying out activities, (3) psychosocial responses, and (4) coping strategies in a cultural context. Physical changes experienced by participants due to stroke give rise to maladaptive and adaptive psychosocial responses. The coping strategies used to overcome the problem are emotional coping and focus coping issues that are influenced by Ambon culture.

Amarima Hatuhaha is a group of indigenous people who have special characteristics of history, territory, customs, and language. This community has a kinship relationship since the days of the ancestors. Conflict 1999 damaged the kinship that had been maintained during and raises suspicion that is prolonged in people's lives. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relation of religion in the diversity of the community. To get the data needed, this study used a qualitative method descriptive and done in Maluku. The findings showed that the Hatuhaha Amarima community relations of diversity relations with regard to relational between humans and humans, and the relationship between humans and God, and humans with the universe. The influence of various new religions did not make the change in kinship and brotherhood relations actually makes Hatuhaha Amarima remains in wholeness with a living tradition. The Amarima Hatuhaha community places the values of brotherhood and alliance in order to help each other. The existence of others is guided with use language as a unified using important codes facilitates communication between members of the community.

The existence of women's important role in the process of resolving the conflict in Ambon. They have been successfully organizing an interfaith meeting to reach an agreement of understanding and conflict resolution. The study was conducted in Ambon of Maluku province. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of that research addressing the role of women actively engaged as a squad leader, and also preparing the logistics for the war. The emerging role as a spiritual and religious reaction. woman plays the role of "liaison" community, especially areas where Muslims and Christians live together and they provide a safe place for families. However, efforts to the demonstration of women demanding the termination of the conflict are not addressed. This happens because public awareness of gender is still hindered by the patterns of the traditional understanding of the position and role of women in society.

Island studies has thus far mostly focused on the limitations, isolation and marginality of island communities. However, recent research into island cities, or urban island studies, provides an analytic lens or research perspective that can be used to understand an island's diversity and to encourage researchers to identify island characteristics that have an impact on the function of cities and population centers on islands. One of the factors that inhibit the development of island cities is the limited availability of land area and resources, causing island city regions to depend on other regions to fulfill the population's needs and provide basic services to the population, which puts islands in a vulnerable position because of transportation accessibility problems. This study was conducted using the Transit Opportunity Index (TOI) method to observe the relationship between transportation accessibility and economic growth in island city regions. The result of the analysis showed that transportation accessibility indirectly affects economic growth in every district/city in Maluku Province. Sea transportation accessibility better illustrates the condition of transportation accessibility of Ambon City and other districts/cities in Maluku Province compared to sea and air transportation accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One characteristic of the Japanese defense system is the existence of pillboxes. During the Japanese occupation of Ambon Island, the construction of the pillboxes was carried out in massive numbers as a defense strategy to anticipate attacks by the Allies who wanted to retake Ambon Island territory. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of Pillboxes and analyze the distribution of Pillboxes as part of the Japanese defense strategy in defending Ambon Bay. The data collection method uses the field observation method along the coast of the Ambon Bay which is the entrance of the sea traffic and airlines. This location is the center of settlements and government so that almost all strategic infrastructure is in this region — spatial data obtained from each pillbox object coupled with the Architectural Documentation Center (PDA) inventory data in 2007, then associated with related literature data, processed using Geographic Information System applications to produce the descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of pillboxes location is generally divider into coastal and hilly locations and there are concentrations in strategic areas. The general conclusion of this study is the pillboxes placement strategy is an effective strategy both in attack and defense. Salah satu ciri khas dari sistem pertahanan Jepang yaitu keberadaan pillbox. Pada masa pendudukan Jepang di Pulau Ambon, pembangunan pillbox dilakukan dalam jumlah masif sebagai strategi pertahanan untuk mengantisipasi serangan Sekutu yang ingin merebut kembali wilayah Pulau Ambon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola sebaran Pillbox dan menganalisis sebaran Pillbox sebagai bagian dari bentuk strategi pertahanan Jepang dalam mempertahankan Teluk Ambon. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi lapangan di sepanjang pesisir Teluk Ambon yang merupakan pintu masuk jalur laut dan udara. Lokasi ini merupakan pusat permukiman dan pemerintahan, sehingga hampir seluruh infrastruktur strategis berada di wilayah ini. Data spasial yang diperoleh dari setiap objek pillbox ditambah dengan data inventaris Pusat Dokumentasi Arsitektur (PDA) tahun 2007, lalu dikaitkan dengan data literatur terkait, diolah dengan menggunakan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk menghasilkan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebaran lokasi pillbox secara umum terbagi atas lokasi pantai dan perbukitan serta terdapat konsentrasi pillbox di lokasi strategis. Kesimpulan umum dari penelitian ini adalah strategi penempatan pillbox merupakan strategi yang efektif baik dalam menyerang maupun bertahan.

A significant portion of cultural symbols in Ambon, Indonesia were destroyed during the 1999-2004 religious conflict. This widespread devastation of religious and cultural objects was an attack against Ambonese group identities, the ramifications of which persist today, complicating reconciliatory efforts. This paper aims to raise awareness on the importance of the conservation of cultural objects in Ambon as one way to promote sustainable peace in the region, and draws attention to customary socio-political entities (negeri) as important actors to be considered in the discussion. Data was obtained through studies of literature and documentation, interviews, and focus group discussions. It was found that to their recent rise in prominence in Ambonese governance, negeri are expected to be able to significantly contribute in this effort through the social engagement of its members. Raising awareness should include cross-religious (Muslim/Christian) education, which will indirectly aid in the reconciliation effort by building mutual trust and recognition between cultural identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of each individual in the organization is definitely different so the cause of knowledge does not develop evenly with in the organizational environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of health workers capacity based on the characteristics and knowledge of health workers on the management of public health centers. The type of research used is quantitative research with cross-sectional study design. The population in this study is the entire Head of public health center, Head of Administrative and Program Manager of public health center in Ambon City year 2020 which numbered 143 people. The samples in this study used non-random sampling/non probability sampling techniques, namely purposive sampling, the sample set out in this study amounted to 44 health workers namely the Head of public health center and Head of Governance in Ambon city public health center in 2020. The data analysis techniques used are univariate analysis and bivariate analysis conducted to look for the influence of each free variable with variables bound using chi-square test. The results of this study show that Knowledge Based Health Capacity affects the health management of all public health centers in Ambon City. It is recommended that trainees be able to add insight into planning knowledge (P1), implementation (P2), and assessment (P3) of community health center management and develop the implementation of community health center management obtained at the training site [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic and religious plurality is inextricably linked with Ambonese history. The conflict of 1999–2003 disrupted this stability and caused great damage, segregation, and radicalization. Reestablishing peace proved difficult because of complex social, economic, political, and religious factors, and parties struggled to address deep-rooted issues such as intergroup distrust and hatred. The Baku Bae Peace Movement (GBB) was an informal movement with humble beginnings, which quickly developed into a community effort and reignited intergroup fraternity by deploying a series of effective strategies. This article examines the GBB, its key strengths and weaknesses, and the contextual factors that led to its success. The success of the GBB may be attributed to inclusive grassroots participation and the invocation of shared moral values. This article concludes that although the GBB is difficult to replicate elsewhere, its core values can be implemented in other conflict regions to minimize or resolve religious violence, polarization, and fundamentalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this present study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Ambon banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel powder against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Materials and Methods: The Ambon banana powder was macerated using 96% ethanol as the solvent and the phytochemical contents were analyzed using the standard method. The antibacterial effect of the extract was investigated using the agar diffusion method against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, with the clindamycin as the standard antibiotic. The effect of bacterial species types and extract concentration on inhibition diameter was statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the Ambon banana peel powder extract exhibited the presence of alkaloids, total flavonoids, and saponins. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the extract clearly demonstrated that the peel parts of Ambon banana have prominent antibacterial properties against P. acnes and S. epidermidis. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it was clarified that there was a significant effect of the bacterial species types and extract concentration on the inhibitory diameter values. In line with the analysis, the results of diameter values reflected that P. acnes was more sensitive to the extract than S. epidermidis and the diameter inhibition was increasing as the increasing of extract concentration. Conclusion: This study recommended for the 1st time that the ethanolic extract of Ambon banana (M. paradisiaca) peel powder could be developed as a natural anti-acne agent against P. acnes and S. epidermidis as the main causative agent for acne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an analysis of the oldest detailed account of tsunami run-up in Indonesia, that of the 1674 Ambon tsunami (Rumphius in Waerachtigh Verhael van de Schuckelijcke Aerdbebinge, BATAVIA, Dutch East Indies, 1675). At 100 m this is the largest run-up height ever documented in Indonesia, and with over 2300 fatalities even in 1674, it ranks as one of Indonesia's most deadly tsunami disasters. We consider the plausible sources of earthquakes near Ambon that could generate a large, destructive tsunami, including the Seram Megathrust, the South Seram Thrust, and faults local to Ambon. We conclude that the only explanation for the extreme run-up observed on the north coast of Amon is a tsunami generated by an earthquake-triggered coastal landslide. We use a two-layer tsunami model to show that a submarine landslide, with an approximate volume of 1 km3, offshore the area on Ambon's northern coast, between Seith and Hila, where dramatic changes in coastal landscape were observed can explain the observed tsunami run-up along the coast. Thus, the 1674 Ambon tsunami adds weight to the evidence from recent tsunamis, including the 1992 Flores, 2018 Palu and Sunda Strait tsunamis, that landslides are an important source of tsunami hazard in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to study the morphology of the forest cloves groups based on their sizes of their leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, and to determine their potential yield and optimize their production system. The research was conducted for six months from January until June 2018 in Ambon, Maluku Province, Indonesia. The research used a random sampling technique to > 15-year-old trees in productive clove forest maintained by the local farmer in Ambon. The observation and recording was conducted at several stages of clover growth, namely bud sprouting, flower bud, blooming, perianths and anthers senescence, unripe green and ripe fruits. Different size groups of forest cloves have significant differences in the duration of flower and fruit formation. Forest cloves with large leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds had quicker ripening process than the othersize groups, but their fruits were longer to ripen. Flower from the medium size group had the shortest duration to develop its flower and form its fruit, whereas the smallest type took the longest time in fruit formation process but the duration of fruit ripening was similar to those from large morphology. Among the three different sizes of forest cloves in Maluku, the trees with large leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds group are the best to be commercially developed due to its earliest time to harvest and large flower sizes. Forest cloves are best harvested when the flowers are fully matured, indicated by one or two flower buds from one inflorescence have bloomed.

Identifications are given for 713 specimens of Hymenophyllaceae collected on Ambon and Seram islands, the Moluccas, Indonesia, during 1983-86. The collection is composed of forty-seven species and one variety belonging to seven genera. The dataset is deposited in GBIF and available at https://www.gbif.jp/ipt/resource?r=seram_hymen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the first two local jihads in Indonesia after the fall of President Suharto: the 1999–2005 Ambon jihad and the 2000–7 Poso jihad. Both jihads were launched by Javanese mujahidin in response to the eruption of Christian–Muslim communal violence. The Ambon jihad was characterized by disagreement, infighting and lack of strategic direction, while the Poso jihad was comparatively better led and linked to the broader goals of establishing an Islamic state in Indonesia. This article explores the differences between the two jihads and asks to what extent the better organization of the Poso jihad was the result of lessons learnt from the "mistakes" of the Ambon jihad. The article advances two arguments. First, the Ambon jihad was undermined by the lengthy debate within Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) on how to respond to the Ambon conflict as well as by the shifting dynamics between JI, Mujahidin KOMPAK and Laskar Jihad. Second, that the Poso jihad was more organized than the Ambon one because JI's leadership had a more comprehensive approach to the Poso jihad; because JI and Mujahidin KOMPAK had learnt from the mistakes of the Ambon jihad in the areas of leadership, training and using local jihads to achieve national aims; and because the intra- and inter-mujahidin dynamics and with it the "state of jihad" had evolved between February 1999 and September 2000. [End Page 35] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of peace in Ambon have been getting stronger during the last ten years, but to what extent this phenomenon can be considered as a solid basis for peace, would require a critical analysis. This paper is the result of field research on peace in Ambon using the theory of "peace architecture" developed by Luc Reychland (2006). The results of the analysis obtained several important conclusions. First, the peace process in the city of Ambon has been going on in a participatory manner in various aspects of life. Second, in an architectural perspective as put forward by Reychland, the peace in Ambon has sufficient potential to develop into a structure of peace which is getting stronger. It is characterized by the strengthening of an increasingly inclusive dialog and communication between citizens, as well as the effectiveness of public arenas such as markets, offices, schools and coffee shops as a medium of integration. It is also supported by the accommodative practices of economic and political transformation. Third, in line with the positive development, the public still need to be reminded of radical religious ideas and identity politics that are harmful to the sustainability of peace.

Subsequent to piece declaration of Malino II in 2002, it was claimed that Maluku may sustain its peace in a much longer time. A numerous attempts on establishing harmonious dialogues between religions and the combatant leaders have also been initiated. Yet, the conflicts could never stop to occur. At the present time, supported with the mission of pluralism and multiculturalism, the efforts to generate interreligious dialogs continue to commence, despite the strong confrontation from the Muslim ex-combatants who believed that these efforts might originate new conflicts. This writing is made based on the result of a phenomenological study on the daily life of Muslim ex-combatants in Ambon city. The findings has shown that the ex-combatants had proposed a typical and unique design of dialog. In fact, the tolerance was a sort of "multiple tolerance", which has a closer connotation to the concept of tolerance (tasamuh) in Islam - to the extent of displaying the act of receiving and forgiving without losing the sense of being cautious and conscious toward non-Muslim individuals. This embed mental state is set due to the past conflict which leaves a traumatic wound and excessive prejudices toward the non-Muslim community. However, in daily life, the Muslim ex-combatants still demonstrate an open and sincere conducts toward the non-Muslims-socialize and mingle with all. The Muslim ex-combatants have proven themselves to be an important role in taking part of the peace process in Maluku. The proposed dialogue and tolerance are designated for mutual tranquility and prosperity, with the basis of Islamic fundamental values.

Marine-based adventure tourism is one of the fastest growing areas within the world’s largest industry. Regardless the increasing awareness of the economic and environmental significance of adventure marine-based tourism, it is only in recent years that a substantial body of research has developed but mostly still focuses only in the area of the visitors. Meanwhile, the local residents as an important factor who take role in the establishment of adventure marine-based tourism development has little been studied. Therefore, the local residents’ sense of autonomy in developing the marine-based adventure tourism in Ambon was examined by means of qualitative interview study. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and field observations. Furthermore, the data has been analysed by inductive analysis. Series of focus group discussions and participatory GIS have been done in order to enrich the data collection process The findings of this study which are three major emergent themes, serve as a basis for the local residents to develop marine-based adventure tourism in a sustainable approach. Their sense of autonomy along with the stakeholders in developing the marine-based adventure tourism will result in more benefits for the visitors as well as the local economy development.

Ambon as the capital of Maluku Province had been occupied by 3,558 farmers whose farming works have contributed to the production of estate commodities for about 1,169 tons. There were three estate commodities with significant contribution, namely clove, nutmeg, and coconut. The objective of research was to analyze the characteristics of estate farmers and the contribution of estate commodities on household income. Sample was determined purposively from Nusaniwe District, precisely 30 farmers from Nusaniwe Subdistrict, 60 farmers from Latuhalat Subdistrict, 50 farmers from Amahusu Subdistrict, and 60 farmers from Urimessing Subdistrict. Total sample was 200 farmers. Data were collected using questionnaire and depth interview with key informant. Data on respondent characteristic were analyzed through simple tabulation. Income count was used to analyze the contribution of each estate commodity on household income. Result of research showed that education, number of household member, side-job selection, land width, and commodity species were not varying across subdistricts. Contribution of clove and nutmeg to household income was found as high for 70 – 80 %, while that of coconut reached only 10 – 20%. Side-job activity as fisher and construction worker gave contribution to household income for 5 – 10%.

The social dynamics in post-conflict Ambon, Maluku, 1999-2004, indicated that even though people were segregated in the Islamic-Christian areas, gradually social integration began to occur naturally. The process of integration that occurred also gave birth to new values and inclusive views that give hope to future peace building. Using the theory of social integration of dynamic adaptation of the Parsonian structural-functional classic paradigm and combined with a qualitative research model, this study successfully formulated several important findings. First, social integration occurred in the city of Ambon could run naturally through economic interactions, consensus on political balance and inclusive religious spirit. In addition, the presence of public spaces such as offices, schools, malls and coffee shops served as a natural integration medium that is increasingly important in the dynamics of the society. Second, the new social integration has created an increasingly important meaning that leads to a model of active harmony characterized by a process of the increasingly active social interaction between different religions, as well as strengthening pluralism and multiculturalism insight due to campaign by educational institutions and civil society groups. Third, this study also reminds us that although there has been a process of the increasingly positive social integration in Ambon city, people still need to be aware of the growth of radical religious ideologies at a certain level, and also of strengthening identity politics in the long run that will potentially give birth to primordial and ethnocentric attitudes that are harmful to the development of peace.

Between 1999 and 2004, with reverberations until 2011, several Moluccan islands (Indonesia) faced violent clashes between Christians and Muslims. Based on 79 interviews, this article seeks to understand how people from both religious groups look back at the conflict, 12 years after the Malino II peace treaty was signed in 2002. We identified three major conflict-related themes that continued to come to the fore during the interviews: explanations about causes of the conflict, religion-related justifications of violence and miracle stories. Most interviewees indicated that the causes of the conflict were non-religious, but rather political. Religion-related language however was frequently used to justify violence as self-defense while miracles-stories were often part of war-narratives. Looking back, Christians and Muslims still understood their communities as injured and victimized. The 'right to protect' one's community as a threatened Christian or Muslim community prevailed in most stories although the source of this threat was not always clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Georg Eberhard Rumphius (1627-1702), author of the monumental work Herbarium Amboinense (1741-1755) is seen as the undisputed patriarch of Malesian Natural Sciences. Until recently, it was thought that if Rumphius had collected any specimens, they all had been lost. The recent digitisation and revision of two book herbaria in Leiden collected by Paul Hermann (1646-1695) on Ceylon revealed four specimens with reference to either Rumphius or Ambon in Hermann's handwriting: Colocasia esculenta, Gomphrena globosa, Helminthostachys zeylanica and Biophytum sensitivum, of which the latter does not occur in Sri Lanka. Here we discuss the description of these species in both published and unpublished historic works and consider the possibility that they may represent the only extant herbarium material attributable to Rumphius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]