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This 1:30,000 scale geological map describes Oxia Planum, Mars, the landing site for the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover mission. The map represents our current understanding of bedrock units and their relationships prior to Rosalind Franklin’s exploration of this location. The map details 15 bedrock units organised into 6 groups and 7 textural and surficial units. The bedrock units were identified using visible and near-infrared remote sensing datasets. The objectives of this map are (i) to identify where the most astrobiologically relevant rocks are likely to be found, (ii) to show where hypotheses about their geological context (within Oxia Planum and in the wider geological history of Mars) can be tested, (iii) to inform both the long-term (hundreds of metres to ∼1 km) and the short-term (tens of metres) activity planning for rover exploration, and (iv) to allow the samples analysed by the rover to be interpreted within their regional geological context.

Directive 2008/96/EC on road infrastructure safety management requires the establishment and implementation of procedures relating to road safety impact assessments (RSIA), road safety audits (RSA), ranking of high accident concentration sections and network safety ranking (NSR) and road safety inspections (RSI). The aim of this article is to present the outputs of BALTRIS project. The goal of the international project BALTRIS is to elaborate the road and street infrastructure safety management procedures and teaching material consistently explaining the above mentioned infrastructure management procedures. Four Baltic Sea region countries (Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), represented by universities and national road administrations participate in the elaboration of these procedures and teaching material. This article describes the scope of NSR, RSA and RSI procedures prepared in the frame of BALTRIS project, also article provides detailed implementation and execution of procedures for the EU Member States. NSR means a method for identifying, analysing and classifying parts of the existing road network according to their potential for safety development and accident cost savings. Ranking of high accident concentration sectionsmeans a method to identify, analyse and rank sections of the road network which have been in operation for 3÷5 years and upon which a large number of fatal/injury accidents in proportion to the traffic flow or compared to respective conditions have occurred. RSI is a strategic comparative analysis of the impact of the new road or a substantial modification to the existing network on the safety performance of the road network. RSA is a formal safety performance examination of the existing or future road or intersection by an independent audit team.

A key measure of higher education’s success is the extent to which it can provide the labour market with graduates that excel not only in terms of their professional training but also in terms of their soft skills. To that end, the competences of students entering university must first be diagnosed. This paper presents a pilot study of such a measurement system, together with first-year results obtained by a rural university faculty. Equipped with better information about its freshman students, such a university can begin to address the revealed competence deficiencies actively, and, over the course of an entire training cycle, further improve the labour market value of the young people when they come to graduate. Provisional recommendations are made at the end of this paper; however, further data analysis, once undertaken, may lend further support to the practical approach outlined here.

Our research group developed a novel nano-pitted (NP) TiO2 surface on grade 2 titanium that showed good mechanical, osteogenic, and antibacterial properties; however, it showed weak hydrophilicity. Our objective was to develop a surface treatment method to enhance the hydrophilicity of the NP TiO2 surface without the destruction of the nano-topography. The effects of dilute and concentrated orthophosphoric (H3PO4) and nitric acids were investigated on wettability using contact angle measurement. Optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy were used for surface roughness measurement. The chemical composition of the TiO2 surface and the oxidation state of Ti was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ccH3PO4 treatment significantly increased the wettability of the NP TiO2 surfaces (30°) compared to the untreated control (88°). The quantity of the absorbed phosphorus significantly increased following ccH3PO4 treatment compared to the control and caused the oxidation state of titanium to decrease (Ti4+ → Ti3+). Owing to its simplicity and robustness the presented surface treatment method may be utilized in the industrial-scale manufacturing of titanium implants.

A milánói Közgazdaságtudományi Egyetem két professzora, Luigino Bruni és Francesco Guala által jegyzett, „Vilfredo Pareto and the Epistemological Foundations of Choice Theory” című tanulmány 2001-ben jelent meg a History of Political Economy szaklapban. F. Guala elsősorban a közgazdaság- és társadalomtudományok filozófiai, elmélettörténeti és módszertani aspektusait vizsgálja, L. Bruni a mikroökonómia, a gazdasági etika, a tudománytörténet és módszertan tudósa. A korszak alapos ismerőiként külön-külön és együtt is publikáltak már Pareto elméleti munkásságáról. E tanulmányukban részletesen megvizsgálják Pareto hasznosságelméletének előzményeit, fejlődését, kitekintve a hasznosság értelmezésének valamennyi dimenziójára. Dolgozatukban végighúzódik az ordinális és kardinális elmélet közötti harc, amelynek Janus-arcú résztvevője volt Pareto. A szerzőpáros e máig nyitott kérdésre keres adekvát választ.

Abstract Background Shigella spp. are Gram-negative intracellular pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and can cause bacterial dysentery, a severe diarrheal disease. The pathophysiological impact of the Gram-negative bacteria is highly related to the composition and structural variability of lipopolysaccharides, the major lipoid components of the outer membrane. Out of the 114 genes involved in the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway, 47 genes are specific to Shigella spp. Changes in the specific genes can lead to loss of the O polysaccharide side chain, resulting in rough (R) type bacteria with increased sensitivity to temperature, or hydrophobic antibiotics. The formation of various different lipopolysaccharides or lipooligosaccharides has been observed previously in a mutant line showing altered biological properties, but the genetic background has not been investigated in detail. Results The parental strain of the mutant line, Shigella sonnei 4303, was subjected to whole genome sequencing to gain a better insight into the structure and biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides. The sequencing revealed a 4,546,505 bp long genome including chromosomal and plasmid DNA, and the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes were also identified. A comparison of the genome was performed with the phylogenetically closely related, wild type, well characterized, highly virulent strain, S. sonnei 53G. Conclusion Analysis of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes helped us to get more insight into the pathogenicity and virulence of the bacteria. The genome revealed high similarities with S. sonnei 53G, which can be used as a standard in characterizing the S. sonnei 4303’s R-type isogenic derivatives.

To operate knowledge management system has become an accepted method and a part of everyday life in the biggest companies. The full circle exploitation of advantages and possibilities of this system does not show a hopeful picture. It is especially true when we examine relationships and constructions with other key processes in the operation of a company. Innovation belongs to above mentioned processes. Though every outsider and professional way of thinking sees clearly that knowledge is needed to innovate and knowledge is a basis of knowledge management, but the close connection of the two important processes has not been realized on behalf of success. Defectiveness is especially true in cases of the newest innovation methods. The paper shows the connection of frugal innovation and knowledge management, its theoretical and practical possibilities

There is an increasing number of case presentations in the social media and scientific forums, in which dentists and endodontists perform successful root canal treatments through tiny access cavities. This technical achievement cannot be carried out without proper instruments, magnification (operating microscope) and lighting. With a minimally invasive access cavity the root canal treatment itself can be complicated and time-consuming. In case of a tooth with complex anatomy the use of this method is limited. On the other hand, in simpler cases, if debris is eliminated and the pulp cavity is disinfected properly, it can be a real alternative for traditional access cavities. It enables us to preserve more coronal tooth structure, which makes final restoration easier to do, but the increase in fracture resistance has not been proved yet in vitro.

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The role of land (as the basis and the resource of agricultural production) is the most significant among the resources of production. The ownership of land, its use, the issue of its price and value, they have been key problems of political, social, legal and economic decisions. There were theoretical and practical experts throughout the world, and we intensively have to deal with the issue of land evaluation. In our research using empirical data collection and statistical methods, we examined not only the factors have influenced on land prices, but its effect as well. We have proven that the „golden crown”-based land evaluation system (golden crown is a measurement unit of the quality of agricultural land in Hungary) can show the land quality differences even today, but in spite of this, the results of calculations (and also the practice) increasingly justify and urge the necessity of the introduction of a modern land evaluation system. namese professionals graduated in Hungary, the reputation and popularity of Hungarian agricultural products and technologies, the achievements of R&D in the field of agriculture – could not be utilized from Hungarian side. Vietnam, however still preserved its socialist political establishment,but in terms of its economic development strategy and economic policy has gradually been standing on the basis of market orientation. Vietnam, with its population of ninety million shows a rapid and successful development and it means good opportunities even for Hungarian entrepreneurs. It would be a mistake to leave these potentials unused. JEL Classification: Q10, Q24, Q30

Shading effect of external nets of different colours (white, green, yellow and red) on the yield of two “kapija” pepper (Capsicum anuum L.) cultivars was examined in walk-in plastic tunnels in Hungary under real cultivation circumstances. Shading nets decreased incoming radiation by 23-39% and reduced photosynthetically active radiation by 32-46%. The highest retention was obtained by yellow and green nets, in the range of 450-550 nm and 550-670 nm, respectively. Relation was reported between the degree of shading and the average air temperature of the tunnels, however, treatments did not decrease tunnel air temperature significantly, compared to that of unshaded and paint-shaded control tunnels. This can be explained by the applied proper ventilation and mist irrigation. A strong and negative relation was noted between the intensity of shading and the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of leaves. Shading net treatments did not increase yields, yellow and green nets even decreased it. Instead of tunnel air temperature, yield was mainly affected by photosynthetically active radiation in the experiment. Strong positive linear relation was declared between the chlorophyll content of the leaves and the yield. Results of the current research led to the conclusions that under Hungarian climatic conditions the use of shading nets was less justified if proper cooling techniques (ventilation and mist irrigation) were applied; even under the relatively high incident radiation experienced during the trials. In greenhouses of less favourable climatic conditions, red or white shading nets are recommended instead of commonly used green ones in Hungary.

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The spatial interpolation and mapping of renewable energy resources is an important task of potential estimation of atmospheric renewable energy sources. First the global radiation on horizontal surfaces and near-surface wind speed at 10 m height above the surface (not at 60-120 m, which is the height of contemporary wind turbines) is measured. Based on standard meteorological observations, the experts of the Hungarian Meteorological Service elaborated a series of digital maps with 0.1°×0.1° resolution. The grid-point values are based on homogenised data using MASH theory and software. The study tackles solar and wind energy from four aspects. Firstly, a trial for validation of the gridded data is provided by a comparison between a single station, Eger and the very closely located grid-point values. Secondly, the annual cycles of the areal-mean global radiation and wind speed are presented, based on the gridded data of a selected area of 50×50 km. Both the averages and the standard deviations of the diurnal mean values are presented for the 1981-2010 reference period. Presenting the maps of the distribution within the area is the third issue with average and standard deviation values. Finally, the point-wise trends are drawn for both energy sources in the single grid-point used in the aspect one in 1981-2010 and also in the nearby located stations for comparison. The trend of solar energy is positive, whereas the trend for wind energy (speed cube) is negative in the given 30 year period. Since, mainly warming characterised those three decades in the Northern Hemisphere, the trends might also be interpreted as responses to the large-scale forcing, though the observed behaviour does not necessarily mean causal relationship with the global tendencies.

In order to place nineteenth-century Hungarian art into international context, this article calls for the theoretical discourse of cultural memory, when a suppressed community turns to their past and insists on their antecedents’ traditions for the survival of their culture. When, in the 1850s and 1860s, the leaders of the Habsburg Austrian Empire retaliated against Hungary for its 1848-49 “Fight for Freedom”, Hungarian visual art of the era rediscovered long-honoured figures of the historical past as the essential components of Hungarian national identity. This article argues that the successful visualization and memorialization of outstanding historical characters with symbolic values for the Hungarian nation was due to history painting itself as medium. The Hungarian painters’ choice of characters vigorously reacted to the changing political relationship between the Austrians and the Hungarians from the failure of the 1849 Hungarian Fight for Freedom until the 1850s and the 1870s involving the 1867 Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Keeping it in mind, the display and the reception of four great paintings, Bertalan Székely’s The Discovery of the Body of King Louis II (1860), Viktor Madarász’s Péter Zrínyi and Ferenc Frangepán in Prison at Wiener-Neustadt (1864), Székely’s The Women of Eger (1867) and Gyula Benczúr’s The Baptism of Vajk (1875) are analysed.

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The primary purpose of this paper is to present the actual role of accounting information systems. After the description of the theoretical background I state the main characteristics of modern accounting systems, and explain how these software packages can efficiently help not only the work of the accountant, but also of the management