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L’Histoire de France de Mézeray qui concerne le règne des derniers Valois est source de nombreuses fictions historiques au XVIIe siècle, parce que ce règne fut riche en ruses et en tromperies, capables de créer des péripéties narratives, mais également parce que Mézeray fait de la passion et du secret des cœurs et de l’âme, l’un des éléments essentiels de la causalité historique. Il ouvre ainsi la voie non seulement au roman psychologique mais aussi précocement à une histoire de la vie privée.

Introduction Ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion, a common procedure for hydrocephalus, has a revision rate of approximately 20–30% within the first year, and continues to increase with each consecutive year. In Leeds, the average work-up cost for suspected shunt malfunctions was £765/patient. Additionally, patients with malfunctioning shunts present with vague symptoms potentially contributing to delayed presentation, especially important in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs) where neurosurgical expertise is less accessible. To reduce investigative costs and delayed presentations, we sought to design an epidermal shunt reservoir sensor to detect shunt malfunction by measuring the reservoir pressure. Method Literature searches were conducted to identify a proof of concept and suitable materials to engineer a concept device based on a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) table with design specifications to assess relative clinical risks. Using the IDEAL-D Framework, we designed our low-fidelity prototype using Solidworks® software. Results Literature revealed several devices aimed to detect shunt malfunctions. For our concept device, our focus was an accurate sensor and reliable connectivity. Our prototype uses gold nanowires to achieve high sensitivity to pressure change, as small as 15mPa. Near-field communication (NFC) for connectivity has less power requirement and has rapid connectivity compared to Bluetooth. Estimated cost of the device is £500. Conclusions Our device, in Stage 0 of the IDEAL-D Framework, identified potential sensors and connectivity methods. We could utilise magnets to adhere to the reservoir with overlying hair. However, magnetic fields and atmospheric pressure could cause interference. Power source options still require exploring before benchtop testing for accuracy, interference, and feasibility.

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Zonza Christian Barthélémy. Écrire la mort d’Henri III au XVIIe siècle : de la Providence de Dieu au hasard de la Fortune. In: Albineana, Cahiers d'Aubigné, 31, 2019. Paradoxes d’historiens : les enjeux de l’écriture de l’histoire en France (1560-1630) pp. 89-108.

La Vita de Jacques-Auguste de Thou, parue en 1621, est écrite à la troisième personne et attribuée à un narrateur prétendument proche de l’historien dont il aurait lu un journal, donné comme principale source du récit. Désireux de réhabiliter au regard de la postérité l’Historia sui temporis de De Thou, qui avait fait l’objet de violentes critiques, le biographe fictif se montre plein de compassion pour celui qu’il présente comme une victime incomprise, mais également comme un témoin et un acteur de l’histoire, une âme généreuse et un esprit humaniste. La Vita apparaît donc comme un plaidoyer en faveur de Jacques-Auguste de Thou et de sa grande œuvre historiographique.

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De nombreux romans dans la premiere moitie du XVIIe siecle cherchent a divertir le lecteur en multipliant les aventures. Cela est possible grâce a leur longueur, au nombre de personnages, a la diversite des lieux ou l’action se deroule. L’apparition de nouvelles historiques au milieu du siecle a signifie de ce fait la reduction du nombre de pages, de lieux, de personnages et une exigence de vraisemblance. Le principal defi pour ces auteurs de nouvelles consiste a conserver tout l’interet du lecteur avec des moyens limites. Comment s’y prennent-ils donc pour combiner plaisir des aventures d’une part, brievete et vraisemblance d’autre part ?

La Vita de Jacques-Auguste de Thou, parue en 1621, est ecrite a la troisieme personne et attribuee a un narrateur pretendument proche de l’historien dont il aurait lu un journal, donne comme principale source du recit. Desireux de rehabiliter au regard de la posterite l’Historia sui temporis de De Thou, qui avait fait l’objet de violentes critiques, le biographe fictif se montre plein de compassion pour celui qu’il presente comme une victime incomprise, mais egalement comme un temoin et un acteur de l’histoire, une âme genereuse et un esprit humaniste. La Vita apparait donc comme un plaidoyer en faveur de Jacques-Auguste de Thou et de sa grande œuvre historiographique.

Zonza Christian. Le discours politique dans les tragédies de Claude Billard. In: Albineana, Cahiers d'Aubigné, 22, 2010. « Une volée de poètes » : D’Aubigné et la génération poétique des années 1570-1610, sous la direction de Julien Goeury, Pierre Martin et Marie-Hélène Servet. pp. 101-123.

L'article étudie les usages de l'espace à travers les mémoires du protestant réfugié Isaac Dumont de Bostaquet et observe comment les circonstances de l'histoire ont amené l'individu à se pétrir au contact sensible d'environnements pluriels. On y montre comment l'auteur passe du statut d'homme de la terre à celui d'homme de terrain en trouvant sur son chemin une école du regard.

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Michel de Marolles est aujourd’hui davantage connu pour son œuvre de mémorialiste. Ses Mémoires constituent pour lui non seulement le moyen de faire valoir ses multiples travaux de traduction, souvent déconsidérés par ses contemporains et oubliés par la postérité, mais également le texte préparatoire à une œuvre poétique qu’il tient en haute considération. Enfin, d’un point de vue social et culturel, ils sont un témoignage inégalé sur la place et le rôle de l’auteur dans la société., Nowadays, Michel de Marolles is increasingly known for his work as a memorialist. His Mémoires were a way for him to valorise his multiple works of translation, often neglected by his contemporaries and forgotten by posterity, and they also constituted a preparatory text for a poetic œuvre which he held in high esteem. Finally, from a social and cultural point of view, they testify, somewhat irregularly, to the position and role of the author in society.

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Zonza Christian Barthélémy. Les mots et les choses dans l'Histoire comique de Francion. In: Littératures classiques, n°41, hiver 2001. Charles Sorel, Histoire comique de Francion pp. 155-166.

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Taste sensitivity to PROP varies greatly among individuals and is associated with polymorphisms in the bitter receptor gene TAS2R38, and with differences in fungiform papilla density on the anterior tongue surface. Recently we showed that the PROP non-taster phenotype is strongly associated with the G variant of polymorphism rs2274333 (A/G) of the gene that controls the salivary trophic factor, gustin. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the role of gustin gene polymorphism rs2274333 (A/G), in PROP sensitivity and fungiform papilla density and morphology, and 2) to investigate the effect of this gustin gene polymorphism on cell proliferation and metabolic activity. Sixty-four subjects were genotyped for both genes by PCR techniques, their PROP sensitivity was assessed by scaling and threshold methods, and their fungiform papilla density, diameter and morphology were determined. In vitro experiments examined cell proliferation and metabolic activity, following treatment with saliva of individuals with and without the gustin gene mutation, and with isolated protein, in the two iso-forms. Gustin and TAS2R38 genotypes were associated with PROP threshold (p=0.0001 and p=0.0042), but bitterness intensity was mostly determined by TAS2R38 genotypes (p

PROP sensitivity varies greatly among individuals and can strongly influence food choice and satiety. It is associated with the bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38) and with differences in the salivary proteins involved in taste function. Among them, the enzyme Zn dependent gustin, a trophic factor of taste buds. We investigated the possible association of PROP taste phenotype with TAS2R38 haplotypes, gustin gene polymorphism rs2274333 (A/G), salivary Zn2+concentration and BMI. BMI were determined in 76 volunteers (29 males, 47 females, age 25 ± 3 y). PROP phenotype was determined by scaling methods and threshold measurements. The salivary Zn2+ concentration was determined and molecular analysis of TAS2R38 and gustin gene polymorphisms were performed using PCR techniques. PROP threshold determination can discriminate tasters from nontasters, while scaling methods distinguish also medium tasters from supertasters. Salivary Zn2+ and BMI were greater in nontasters than in supertasters. Molecular analysis of gustin DNA showed that allele A were more frequent in supertasters, while allele G were more frequent in nontasters. The lowest responsiveness in nontasters is strongly associated to AVI nontasting variant of TAS2R38, while the highest responsiveness in supertasters is strongly associated to allele A of gustin gene. The two genes account for up to 60% of phenotypic variance in PROP bitterness and to 40% in threshold values. These data demonstrated that sensitivity to PROP is inversely related to BMI and salivary Zn2+ and directly associated with the dimorphism rs2274333 in gustin gene that is hypothesized to affect its function. In addition, showed how the combination of TAS2R38 and gustin gene genotypes modulate PROP phenotype providing an additional tool for the evaluation of human eating behaviour and nutritional status.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Narratologie : « Problèmes du roman historique », 7, 2008, sous la direction de Aude Déruelle & Alain Tassel, 414 p., EAN 9782296050365.

The ability to perceive the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is a variable phenotype that has been associated with body mass index (in kg/m(2)) and linked to food choice and satiety. PROP-sensitive and -nonsensitive individuals are defined as tasters and nontasters, respectively. Sensitivity to PROP is a heritable trait based on the TAS2R38 gene on chromosome 7q34. In a recent study we demonstrated an association between PROP sensitivity and the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2274333 (+292A/G) within a coding sequence of the gustin/carbonic anhydrase VI gene. The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and inexpensive screening method for identification of the rs2274333 SNP in individuals with varying sensitivity to PROP. Our results show that the methodology employed allows distinguishing A/G alleles perfectly, with a simple DNA digestion of a polymerase chain reaction fragment covering the SNP site of interest. So, the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay described in this article can be used as an alternative to sequencing in bitter taster status research, and could be employed as a survey tool in nutrigenomic studies.

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Postpartum depression (PPD) is a non-psychotic depressive disease with varying severity, from moderate to severe, which according to the DSM IV originates after the 4th to 6th week from giving birt...

Method: We analyzed fertilization of 1692 oocytes previously microinjected and cultured in EMBRYOSCOPE from April to December 2011. Out of these 1692, 1269 underwent normal fertilization (75%), 48 were uni-pronucleated (2.8%) and 63 were tri-pronucleated (3.7%). The remaining 312 oocytes suffered degeneration or had no pronuclei. The EMBRYOSCOPE is a time-lapse incubator that allows us to view, like in a film, the embryo development from the moment of ICSI until transfer by taking pictures of the embryos every 20 minutes in seven different depth fields. Thanks to the EMBRYOVIEWER, we are able to know the time after ICSI of many events that we consider to be important for the embryo evaluation, such as pronuclei appearance and disappearance, cell cleavage, etc. In addition, it allows us to measure certain parameters, such as pronuclei area and different lengths. We also registered the number of good quality embryos in day +3, considering these to be the A and B category embryos, according to the ASEBIR scale. After the ovarian puncture the oocytes are injected and cultured in EMBRYOSCOPE with GLOBAL culture media (LifeGlobal, IVFOnline) until day 3. Statistical analysis was performed with G-STAT. Differences were considered statistically significant at P< 0.05.