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As a positive features in C-TIRADS (Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) guidelines, solid features represent the latest positive indicator, which differs from those in other guidelines. This study was to explore the diagnostic value of the solid features for thyroid nodules of different sizes. Methods: Between January 2022 and October 2023, a total of 1561 patients with 1790 thyroid nodules confirmed by surgical pathology were prospectively included in this study. These nodules were divided into three groups based on their maximum diameter: Group A1 (≤ 10mm), Group A2 (> 10mm, < 20mm), and Group A3 (≥ 20mm). The component characteristics of thyroid nodules in each group were analyzed. Based on the surgical pathology results, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of C-TIRADS solid features for thyroid nodules of different sizes. Results: As the size of thyroid nodules increased, the incidence of cystic changes in both benign and malignant nodules showed a linear increasing trend (Z-values of 46.251 and 156.586, respectively; P values < 0.001 for both). The occurrence rate of solid malignant nodules was higher than that of benign nodules in all groups, with Area Under Curve (AUC) values of 0.620, 0.723, and 0.767, respectively. Conclusion: With the increase in the size of thyroid nodules, the diagnostic value of solid features for thyroid cancer progressively increases. The specificity of thyroid nodule diagnosis also increases progressively. Which may have certain value in the evaluation process using C-TIRADS, particularly in the management of thyroid nodules in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Native T1 and radiomics were used for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) differentiation previously. The current problem is that global native T1 remains modest discrimination performance and radiomics requires feature extraction beforehand. Deep learning (DL) is a promising technique in differential diagnosis. However, its feasibility for discriminating HCM and HHD has not been investigated. Purpose: To examine the feasibility of DL in differentiating HCM and HHD based on T1 images and compare its diagnostic performance with other methods. Study Type: Retrospective. Population: 128 HCM patients (men, 75; age, 50 years ± 16) and 59 HHD patients (men, 40; age, 45 years ± 17). Field Strength/Sequence: 3.0T; Balanced steady‐state free precession, phase‐sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) and multislice native T1 mapping. Assessment: Compare HCM and HHD patients baseline data. Myocardial T1 values were extracted from native T1 images. Radiomics was implemented through feature extraction and Extra Trees Classifier. The DL network is ResNet32. Different input including myocardial ring (DL‐myo), myocardial ring bounding box (DL‐box) and the surrounding tissue without myocardial ring (DL‐nomyo) were tested. We evaluate diagnostic performance through AUC of ROC curve. Statistical Tests: Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, ROC, and AUC were calculated. Independent t test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Chi‐square test were adopted for HCM and HHD comparison. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: DL‐myo, DL‐box, and DL‐nomyo models showed an AUC (95% confidential interval) of 0.830 (0.702–0.959), 0.766 (0.617–0.915), 0.795 (0.654–0.936) in the testing set. AUC of native T1 and radiomics were 0.545 (0.352–0.738) and 0.800 (0.655–0.944) in the testing set. Data Conclusion: The DL method based on T1 mapping seems capable of discriminating HCM and HHD. Considering diagnostic performance, the DL network outperformed the native T1 method. Compared with radiomics, DL won an advantage for its high specificity and automated working mode. Level of Evidence: 4 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the imaging findings of a mature thyroid teratoma in a 5-year-old girl. Nuclear imaging showed a decrease in Tcm uptake in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. CT scan showed a slightly lobulated soft-tissue mass without calcification, fat or cystic components. Histological analysis showed that the tumor was composed of mature neural tissue, cartilaginous, and epithelial elements. This case study provides new insights into the CT appearance of mature thyroid teratomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound (US) techniques may be able to provide the basis of specific therapeutic protocols, particularly for the treatment of tumors. Nanotechnology may aid the progression towards the use of US for tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy. The current study investigated in vivo and in vitro US contrast imaging using nanocapsules (NCs), and also US and US‑targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) therapy using drug‑loaded NCs for pancreatic cancer in vitro. In the current study, the NCs were made from the polymer nanomaterial poly(lactic‑co‑glycolic acid)‑monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA‑mPEG), encapsulated with paclitaxel (PTX), to create PTX‑PLGA‑mPEG NCs. The PTX‑PLGA‑mPEG NCs were used as a US contrast agent (UCA), which produced satisfactory US contrast‑enhanced images in vitro and in vivo of the rabbit kidneys, with good contrast compared with lesions in the peripheral regions. However, clear contrast‑enhanced images were not obtained using PTX‑PLGA‑mPEG NCs as a UCA, when imaging the superficial pancreatic tumors of nude mice in vivo. Subsequently, fluorescence and flow cytometry were used to measure the NC uptake rate of pancreatic tumor cells under various US or UTMD conditions. An MTT assay was used to evaluate the efficiency of PTX and PTX‑PLGA‑mPEG NCs in killing tumor cells following 24 or 48 h of US or UTMD therapy, compared with controls. The specific US or UTMD conditions had been previously demonstrated to be optimal through repeated testing, to determine the conditions by which cells were not impaired and the efficiency of uptake of nanoparticles was highest. The current study demonstrated high cellular uptake rates of PLGA‑mPEG NCs and high tumor cell mortality with PTX‑PLGA‑mPEG NCs under US or UTMD optimal conditions. It was concluded that the use of NCs in US‑mediated imaging and antitumor therapy may provide a novel application for US.

Aim: To prepare the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human integrin beta 3, and explore its role in tumor therapy., Methods: Total RNA was isolated from human lymphocytes, and the DNA fragment encoding extra-cellular domain of human integrin beta 3 was amplified by RT-PCR. The integrin beta 3 gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pQE30, and the expression plasmid pQE30-beta 3 was transformed into E.coli M15. The expression of beta 3 protein was induced by IPTG, and the expressed beta 3 protein was purified by Ni-affinity agarose. BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified beta 3 protein, and mAb was prepared by hybridoma technique. The specificity of the mAbs was identified by Western blot. The mAbs were screened by their inhibitory effect on the tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition of the mAb to HUVEC cell growth was detected by MTT assay. The role of the mAb in inducing HUVEC apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM)., Results: The extra-cellular gene fragment of human integrin beta 3 was amplified by RT-PCR, and the expression plasmid pQE30-beta 3 was constructed. Human integrin beta 3 protein was expressed and purified, and used for immunization. Eight clones of mAb against human integrin beta 3 were successfully prepared. The mAb 4F12 was found to inhibit tumor growth in vivo and reduce blood vessels in tumor. Furthermore, the mAb 4F12 could inhibit HUVEC growth and induce apoptosis in vitro., Conclusion: The human integrin beta 3 protein was obtained and the mAbs against it have been prepared successfully. The mAb 4F12 can inhibit tumor growth in vivo and reduce blood vessels in tumor. One of the mechanisms of the antitumor effect is inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis of endothelial cells of blood vessels in tumor.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of anti-idiotype antibody 3F6 and its single-chain variable fragment (3F6 ScFv) to induce humoral and cellular immune responses against small-cell-lung cancer (SCLC)., Methods: 3F6 and 3F6 ScFv (Ab2) were used to immunize BALB/c mice. The reaction of antibodies (Ab3) with specific antigen on NCI-H128 cells was tested by ELISA and Western blot, and the antibody binding inhibition assays were performed by competitive Western blot. Cellular immunity against SCLC induced by Ab2 was detected by a delayed-type hypersensitivity response and mouse lymphocyte proliferation assay., Results: The sera immunized with Ab2 showed significant reaction (P < 0.001, as compared to control sera) with SCLC-specific antigen on NCI-H128 cells and specifically competed the binding of 2F7 (Ab1) to the specific antigen. DTH responses challenged with NCI-H128 cells were significantly (P < 0.001) stronger in mice immunized with Ab2 as compared to mice immunized with normal mouse IgG. T cell proliferation was significantly higher in Ab2-immunized mice (P < 0.05) than in control mice., Conclusion: The two kinds of anti-idiotypic antibodies successfully mimic the SCLC-specific antigen on NCI-H128 cell and induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses to SCLC-specific antigen in syngeneic mice. They may become novel vaccines against human small-cell-lung cancer and worthy of further investigation.