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Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of morning versus evening plyometric training (PT) on performance adaptations in male volleyball players. Methods: A total of 30 collegiate national-level young male volleyball players (age = 21.9 [2.1]; height = 186 [4.1]; body mass = 82.4 [4.6]) were randomly divided into 3 groups: morning PT (MPT), evening PT (EPT), and an active control group, each group consisting of 10 subjects. The players engaged in PT sessions twice weekly for a period of 6 weeks. The evaluation of biomotor abilities such as countermovement vertical jump, standing long jump, spike jump, block jump, 10-m sprint, T-test, sit and reach, and Y-balance test took place in the morning and evening before and after the intervention. Results: Both the MPT and EPT groups indicated significant (P <.05) improvements in all biomotor abilities from pretraining to posttraining during both the morning and evening testing sessions. Furthermore, the MPT group displayed greater adaptive responses in the vertical jump (P =.001), standing long jump (P =.023), and Y-balance test (P ≤.01) compared to the EPT group. Time-of-day fluctuations were the same between the MPT and EPT groups at the pretest. Conversely, EPT demonstrated significantly more daytime variations than MPT in the jump, sprint, and balance tests at postintervention (P <.05). Conclusion: Engaging in PT at specific times of the day has a significant impact on biomotor ability adaptations, with a focus on morning being more favorable than the evening for achieving greater gains in jump and balance performance of volleyball players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure, temperature and specific humidity profiles from COSMIC-2 are compared with those from ERA5 and radiosonde data from October 2019 to September 2020. The results demonstrate that COSMIC-2 pressure and specific humidity profiles show relatively poor accuracy and stability in the lower troposphere. The 1D-Var solution effectively improves the accuracy of temperature parameters in the troposphere. Three parameters show high accuracy over one climatological year, but show slight seasonal fluctuations, especially for the specific humidity profiles in summer. Furthermore, COSMIC-2 specific humidity data show low consistency with radiosonde and ERA5 in the equatorial region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digestion, absorption, and utilization of sialic acid (SA) in the ready-to-eat peptide-containing and the traditional stewed edible bird's nest products were compared. Male SD rats aged 8 weeks (n=32) were divided into four groups randomly, including blank control group (BC), peptide-containing edible bird's nest group (PB), traditional edible bird's nest group (TB), and sialic acid standard control group (SC). After oral gavage, the feces and urine were collected over 2 days to evaluate the absorption and retention of SA by calculating its digestion and absorption rates. Blood was collected intermittently during 60-day consecutive gavage to monitor the content alteration of the free and protein-bound SA in plasma and the erythrocyte membrane-bound SA, and the degree of sialyation was adopted to evaluate exogenous SA utilization. The results of the 2-day feces and urine monitoring did not reveal any significant statistical differences in SA digestion and absorption among all groups. The results of 60-day consecutive gavage revealed that the free SA concentration (P<0.005) and protein-bound SA content (P<0.005) in plasma and the erythrocyte membrane-bound SA content (P<0.001) were significantly higher in each intervention group compared to the BC group. After 10 days of intervention, the protein-bound SA content in the PB group was 36.36% higher than that in the BC group (P<0.05), and the erythrocyte membrane-bound SA in the PB group increased by 28.13% and 13.89% compared to the TB and SC groups (P<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, the sialylation of blood can reflect exogenous SA utilization and peptides can promote the utilization of SA. Long-term consumption of all types of edible bird's nests can effectively improve the sialylation level of the body, surpassing the benefits derived from the intake of free SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Controversies persist regarding contraindications for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). This study aimed to assess the accuracy of subareolar frozen section analysis and identify risk factors for nipple-areola complex (NAC) recurrence post NSM., Methods: Consecutive cases of primary invasive breast cancer undergoing NSM at our single center from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed., Results: The nipples were retained in 126 patients (127 breasts), and the areola was retained with nipple excision for five breasts. Frozen section analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 95.3%. The NAC recurrence rate was 4.3% over a median follow-up period of 48 (30-105) months. An atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) at the margin emerged as an independent factor for NAC recurrence in multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio, 25.464; 95% confidence interval, 1.841-352.145; p = 0.016). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no statistically significant reduction in overall survival rates (log-rank test, p = 0.660)., Conclusion: Frozen sections of subareolar tissue are reliable and re-excision may be necessary when ADH is detected at the nipple margin in NSM. The NAC recurrence rate was low, and the outcome was favorable following wide local excision., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 Korean Breast Cancer Society.)