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A convenient synthetic route of deuterium-labeled D5-cyhalothrin, D5-fenpropathrin, and D5-fenvalerate is described with 98.7%, 98.5%, and 98.3% isotopic enrichment and high chemical purities using D6-phenol as labeled starting material. These structures and isotope-abundance were confirmed by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The prepared D5-cyhalothrin, D5-fenpropathrin, and D5- fenvalerate can be used as a standard internal reagent for the determination of residual pyrethroids of food and environment.

High-order correlated excitonic states in semiconductors, such as trion, biexciton and polaron, etc. hold a great promising platform in contemporary quantum and nonlinear optics. The recently found 2D TMDs further gives such excitonic states additional valley properties, with bound states of excitons in opposite valleys in momentum spaces. Despite great efforts have been made on the emission properties of the excitonic states, their absorption feature, especially the ultrafast absorption dynamics, are rarely reported. Here, we reported the enhanced optical absorption of the charged-excitonic states in monolayer WS2, including singlet and triplet trions, charged biexcitons and semidark trions, by utilizing the interlayer charge transfer-induced photo-doping effect in graphene-WS2 heterostructure. Depending on the recombination rates of the doping electrons, the absorption intensity of the charged complexes exhibits ultrafast decay dynamics, with lifetime of several picoseconds. Due to many-body interaction, both increasing pump intensity and lattice temperature can broaden these fine excitonic absorption peaks and even reverse the shape of the transient absorption spectrum completely.

Whole-rock geochemical and U–Pb–Hf isotopic data were used to investigate the age, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting of a suite of gabbro–diorite–monzonite–syenite rock exposed in Qinsai area, Hainan Island. Zircon U–Pb dating shows that the gabbro and monzonite, respectively, crystallized at 179.5 ± 2.7 and 179.0 ± 2.3 Ma. The suite consists of shoshonitic alkaline intrusive rocks with SiO2 content ranging from 41.7 to 63.4 wt%, with high U, K, and Pb and low Nb, Ta, and Ti. The suite is enriched in light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements. The gabbro has no obvious Eu anomaly but a positive Eu anomaly is evident in intermediate rocks. Zircon εHf( t) values are positive and have a wide variation (gabbro εHf( t) = +5.2 ± 8.2, monzonite εHf( t) = +4.7 ± 7.1). Gabbro and syenite are both likely derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized by subduction fluids. Syenite evolved from the differentiation of gabbro, monzonite, and diorite. Collectively, these intrusive rocks formed in an extensional regime within an arc formed by subduction of the ancient Pacific plate beneath the Asian margin, which was accompanied by extensional thinning of the lithosphere.

Controversies exist regarding the mechanism of formation of basins located on the continental margin of South China as well as when they formed. It was ascertained based on clastic petrology, geochemical analysis, and zircon U–Pb dating that the sedimentary provenances in the eastern Guangdong Basin are mainly felsic igneous rocks from the late Early Jurassic to the Middle Jurassic. The late Early Jurassic Qiaoyuan Formation mainly shows major age peaks at approximately 238 Ma, 259 Ma, and 1858 Ma, and the Middle Jurassic Tangxia Formation shows major age peaks at approximately 169 Ma and 172 Ma. From the late Early Jurassic to the Middle Jurassic in the eastern Guangdong Basin, the source region changes from southwestern South China and southern South China to the eastern Nanling Range. It was determined by comparing the detrital zircon ages of the Qiaoyuan Formation and the Tangxia Formation with those of the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic basins, and analyzing both the geochemical data and sedimentation, that the eastern Guangdong Basin changed from the basin-arc foreland basin of the late Early Jurassic to the back-arc extension basin of the Middle Jurassic. The changes in early Mesozoic detrital zircon age peaks indicate that the tectonic regime of the eastern Guangdong Basin ended the transformation from the Tethyan tectonic domain to the paleo-Pacific tectonic domain in the early Middle Jurassic (approximately 172 Ma).

Recently, emerging two-dimensional (2D) germanium selenide (GeSe) has drawn lots of attention due to its in-plane anisotropic properties and great potential for optoelectronic applications such as in solar cells. However, methods are still sought to enhance its interaction with light to enable practical applications. Herein, we numerically investigate the localized plasmon response of monolayer GeSe nanoribbon arrays systematically, and the results show that localized surface plasmon polaritons in the far-infrared range with anisotropic behavior can be efficiently excited to enhance the light-matter interaction. We further show that the plasmon response of monolayer GeSe nanoribbons could be tuned effectively through the nanoribbon width, local refractive index, substrate thickness and carrier concentration, pointing out the ways for controlling the localized plasmon response. In the case of monolayer GeSe nanoribbons on a substrate of finite thickness, a Fabry-Pérot-like (FP-like) quantitative model has been proposed to explain the overall spectral response originating from overlapped FP and plasmon modes, and it matches well with the simulation results. All in all, we investigate the plasmon response of the novel 2D GeSe nanoribbons thoroughly for the first time, bringing opportunities for potential applications of novel polarization-dependent optoelectronic devices.

In this paper, an effective method is proposed for improving the energy of the shock waves that are generated by plasma expanding outward and colliding with another gas. Silicon targets are used as the response medium with roughness of 2.3 nm, 457.8 nm, 1.1 µm, and 37.1 µm, respectively. A 532-nm-laser with a pulse duration of 8 ns and a repetition rate of 10 Hz is used as the irradiation source. An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) is used to photograph the morphology of the shock waves. The time-resolved emission images of silicon plasma plumes are observed between 20–200 ns. As the surface roughness of the target increases, the intensity of the shock wave gradually increases, and the energy of the shock wave reaches up to 39.45 mJ at a roughness of 37.1 µm.

An efficient and general synthetic route of deuterium-labeled phthalate esters is described with high isotopic enrichment and excellent chemical purities using inexpensive and readily available o-xylene-D10 as labeled starting material. The structures and isotope-abundance were confirmed via 1 H NMR and mass spectrometry. These deuterium labeled phthalate esters can be used as analytical reference standards for the detection of plasticizer residues in soil, water, food, plastic products, etc.

Advances in tunable metamaterials/metasurfaces facilitates their utilization in novel optical components, and lead to many breakthroughs in light tailoring by giving birth to diverse spatiotemporal dynamics. In the ascendant field of terahertz (THz) photonics, the ultrafast modulation is the fundamental process of technological advancements in high-speed wireless communications, sensing, and imaging. However, the current research efforts have been mainly devoted to studies of single functionality under the control of one stimulus, which has plateaued in terms of innovative new features. Here, building on the incident angle-induced C2 symmetry breaking of split ring pairs, we experimentally demonstrate extremely versatile, ultrafast THz switching behaviors at continuously alterable resonant states. The direction-controlled resonance hybridization provides another excellent degree of routing freedom, owing to its robustness, simplicity, and wide tunability. By leveraging such virtues, single LC mode and EIT-like resonance under normal and oblique incidence conditions are both effectively switched-off by means of photon injection. Considering the ultrashort lifetime of free carriers in MoSe2 crystal, the corresponding transient dynamics show an ultrafast recovery time within 700 ps. The strategy proposed here is a viable pathway for multidimensional THz wave manipulation, which gears up a crucial step for diversified functionalities in deployable metaphotonic devices.

In article number of 2000799, Tian Jiang and co‐workers propose a novel functionality of pump‐colorselective ultrafast switching speed in terahertz metadevices by hybridizing meta‐atoms with judiciously engineered bilayer semiconductors. The proof‐of‐concept demonstration breaks the long‐standing challenge that all‐optical switching dynamics is hardly tunable in metaphotonic devices. This strategy could inspire more opportunities for designing ultrafast, multifunctional, all‐optical switchable photonic devices. [Image: see text]

Incorporating active materials into metamaterials is expected to yield exciting advancements in the unprecedented versatility of dynamically controlling optical properties, which sheds new light on the future optoelectronics. The exploration of emerging semiconductors into terahertz (THz) meta‐atoms potentially allows achieving ultrafast nanodevices driven by various applications, such as biomedical sensing/imaging, ultrawide‐band communications and security scanners. However, ultrafast optical switching of THz radiation is currently limited to a single level of tuning speed, which is a main hurdle to achieve multifunctionalities. Here, a hybrid metadevice which can realize the pump‐wavelength controlled ultrafast switching response by the functionalization of double photoactive layers is demonstrated experimentally. A whole cycle of electromagnetically induced transparency switching with a half‐recovery state changes from 0.78 ns to 8.8 ps as pump wavelength varies from near infrared to near ultraviolet regions. The observed pump‐color selective switching speed changing from nanosecond scale to picosecond scale is ascribed to the wavelength‐dependent penetration length of Ge and the contrasting defect states between noncrystalline Ge and epitaxial Si layers. It is believed that the schemes regarding pump‐color controllable ultrafast switching behavior introduced here can inspire more innovations across the field of ultrafast photonics and can boost the reconfigurable metamaterial applications., All‐optical terahertz modulators with pump‐color selective ultrafast switching speed are realized by combining double layers of semiconductors with electromagnetically induced transparency meta‐atoms. The transmission/group delay of terahertz wave is modulated at contrasting switching speeds from sub‐nanoseconds to picoseconds when pumped by the near‐infrared and near‐ultraviolet beams. This work opens up new avenues for manipulating the dynamics of ultrafast metaphotonic devices.

Cancer metastasis and resistance for chemotherapeutic agent correlate with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while ROS production also involves in the EMT process, However, how autophagy mediated ROS production affects EMT remains unclear. Previous study showed that DpdtC (2,2'-di-pyridylketone hydrazone dithiocarbamate) could induce ferritinophagy in HepG2 cell. To insight into more details that how ferritinophagy affects cellular feature, the SGC-7901and BGC-823 gastric cancer cell lines were used. Interestingly DpdtC treatment resulted in EMT inhibition and was ROS dependent. Similar situation occurred in TGF-β1 induced EMT model, supporting that DpdtC was able to inhibit EMT. Next the ability of DpdtC in ferritinophagy induction was further evaluated. As expected, DpdtC induced ferritinophagy in the absence and presence of TGF-β1. The correlation analysis revealed that an enhanced ferritinophagic flux contributed to the EMT inhibition. In addition, ferritinophagy triggers Fenton reaction, resulting in ROS production which give rise of p53 response, thus the role of p53 was further investigated. DpdtC treatment resulted in upregulation of p53, but, the addition of p53 inhibitor, PFT-α could significantly neutralize the action of DpdtC on ferritinophagy induction and EMT inhibition. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitors or NAC could counteract the action of DpdtC, indicating that ferrtinophagy-mediated ROS played an important role in the cellular events. In addition to upregulation of p53, its down-stream targets, AKT/mTor were also downregulated, supporting that DpdtC induced EMT inhibition was achieved through ferritinophagy-ROS vicious cycle mediated p53/AKT/mTor pathway. And the activation of ferritinophagic flux was the dominant driving force in action of DpdtC in gastric cancer cells.

Nonlinear plasmons are becoming an appealing and intriguing research area due to their remarkable light concentration and manipulation abilities. In this work, the nonlinear absorption (NLA) phenomena of polarized nanoantenna arrays coupled with the low dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 are studied at different excitation wavelengths. Our experimental results indicate that a significant enhancement in the linear absorption coefficient is achieved by localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance, with enhancement factors that are 10- and 8-fold in magnitude for the cases of 800 nm (y polarization) and 970 nm (x polarization), respectively. Moreover, by polarization sensitive studies under 800 nm laser excitation, this new Bi2Se3-Au nanoantenna hybrid-structure exhibits adverse absorption responses of enhancement and suppression compared to pure Bi2Se3 film, providing excellent potential for applications in information converters. In particular, under 800 nm pump light (10 GW cm-2), the transmittance intensity of 450 nm or 1064 nm continuous wave (CW) probe light alters back and forth when the polarization direction changes by 90°. Thus, "ON" and "OFF" modes of this Bi2Se3-Au nanoantenna hybrid structure-based switch are achieved by using 450 nm and 1064 nm light, respectively, with a corresponding modulation depth of 3.4% and 21.9%, which can be applied in versatile photonic devices.

The energy dissipation issue has become one of the greatest challenges of the modern electronic industry. Incorporating graphene into the electronic devices has been widely accepted as a promising approach to solve this issue, due to its superior carrier mobility and thermal conductivity. Here, using Raman spectroscopy and infrared thermal microscopy, we identify the energy dissipation behavior of graphene device with different thicknesses. Surprisingly, the monolayer graphene device is demonstrated to have a comparable energy dissipation efficiency per unit volume with that of a few-layer graphene device. This has overturned the traditional understanding that the energy dissipation efficiency will reduce with the decrease of functional materials dimensions. Additionally, the energy dissipation speed of the monolayer graphene device is very fast, promising for devices with high operating frequency. Our finding provides a new insight into the energy dissipation issue of two-dimensional materials devices, which will have a global effect on the development of the electronic industry.

Based on research of the petrology, geochemistry, and zircon U–Pb dating of detrital rocks in the Late Triassic Wenbinshan Formation in southwestern Fujian, and comparing the detrital zircon ages of Wenbinshan Formation with those of Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic main basins in South China, the sedimentary provenance of the Late Triassic in southwestern Fujian and its implications for changes in basin properties are discussed. The research results demonstrate that there is a major age peak at 222 Ma, two subordinate age peaks at 275 Ma and 1851 Ma, and two minor age peaks at 413 Ma and 2447 Ma in the detrital zircon age spectra of the upper samples (YGP–6) of the Wenbinshan Formation, whereas there are two major age peaks at 229 Ma and 1817 Ma and other minor age peaks 265 Ma 309 Ma, 415 Ma, 1968 Ma, and 2435 Ma in the detrital zircon age spectra of the lower samples (YGP–26) of the Wenbinshan Formation. The upper samples contain fewer old detrital zircons than the lower samples, but the upper and lower samples of Wenbinshan Formation are similar in major age composition, which indicates the main provenances of the upper and lower sediments are very similar. The source rocks are mainly sedimentary rocks and their provenances are derived from a source area of recycled orogenic belt and volcanic arc orogenic belt (acidic island arc). The detrital zircon composition of the Wenbinshan Formation is mainly composed of Paleoproterozoic zircon and Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic zircon. In the Paleoproterozoic, sedimentary provenances were mainly derived from the Wuyi Massif and partly from northwestern Fujian-southwestern Zhejiang. As for the period of Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic, the provenances of the Wenbinshan Formation were derived from magmatic active belts of the Early Indosinian Epoch of northern South China, eastern South China, and the Indosinian Period of northern South China and coastal areas of eastern South China. The similarities and differences between detrital zircon age peaks of the Wenbinshan Formation in southwestern Fujian and that of the main basins in South China during the period of Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic indicate that from eastern coastal areas of South China to the north and interior of South China, the age composition of basin sediments has changed from simple to relatively complex, and from young sediments to older sediments. There are similarities and differences in the detrital zircon compositions of the different basins, which can indicate differences in the nature of the basins.

Due to the theoretical prediction of large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), graphene-based magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) has become an important branch of high-performance spintronics device. In this paper, the non-collinear spin filtering and transport properties of MTJ with the Ni/tri-layer graphene/Ni structure were studied in detail by utilizing the non-equilibrium Green’s formalism combined with spin polarized density functional theory. The band structure of Ni–C bonding interface shows that Ni–C atomic hybridization facilitates the electronic structure consistency of graphene and nickel, which results in a perfect spin filtering effect for tri-layer graphene-based MTJ. Furthermore, our theoretical results show that the value of tunneling resistance changes with the relative magnetization angle of two ferromagnetic layers, displaying the anisotropic tunneling behavior of graphene-based MTJ. This originates from the resonant conduction states which are strongly adjusted by the relative magnetization angles. In addition, the perfect spin filtering effect is demonstrated by fitting the anisotropic conductance with the Julliere’s model. Our work may serve as guidance for researches and applications of graphene-based spintronics device.

In this paper, an effective method is proposed to generate specific periodical surface structures. A 532 nm linearly polarized laser is used to irradiate the silicon with pulse duration of 10 ns and repetition frequency of 10 Hz. Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) are observed when the fluence is 121 mJ/cm2 and the number of pulses is 1000. The threshold of fluence for generating LIPSS gradually increases with the decrease of the number of pulses. In addition, the laser incident angle has a notable effect on the period of LIPSS, which varies from 430 nm to 1578 nm, as the incident angle ranges from 10° to 60° correspondingly. Besides, the reflectivity is reduced significantly on silicon with LIPSS.

We propose an object recognition architecture relying on a neural network algorithm in optical sensors. Precisely, by applying the high-speed and low-power Fourier transform operation in the optical domain, we can transfer the high-cost part of the traditional convolutional neural network algorithm to the sensor side to achieve faster computing speed. An optical neuron unit (ONU) consisting of transition metal sulfide (TMD) material is fabricated for a vivid validation of this architecture. Using the embedded gate pair structure inside our ONU, TMD materials can be electrically doped at different levels, forming an in-plane PN junction, which allows for effective manipulation of light response to imitate biological nerve synapses. The results demonstrate that our ONU could reach the ability of optic neurons, providing experimental support for future in-sensor computing architecture.

We discuss the reservoir formation mechanisms in volcanic gas reservoirs within a volcanostratigraphic framework, with a focus on the Huoshiling Formation of the Wangfu fault depression in the Songliao Basin, China. The volcanic sequences are divided, from large to small, into the volcanic cycle (VC), cooling unit set (CUS) and cooling unit (CU). The CU is the basic volcanogenic stratigraphic unit and the CUS is a superposition of cooling units which may be recognized on seismic profiles. The Huoshiling Formation consists of two volcanic cycles and one volcanic-sedimentary cycle. The formation mechanisms of volcanic reservoirs include three processes based on the strata's evolution. First, CUs formed and primary pore spaces developed near cooling surfaces. Second, CUSs and VCs formed and parasyngenetic and secondary pore spaces developed around the crater or caldera, especially near the weathering surface. Lastly, numerous dissolved pores and structural fractures formed during burial and concentrated near the fault belt. CUs, volcanic edifices and structural systems controlled the formation of volcanic reservoirs. The overlapping crater-proximal crater region and the faulted area were centres of reservoir formation. In the Huoshiling Formation, CUS 6-CUS 8 and CUS 13 are the major horizons where volcanic reservoirs developed, forming dissolution reservoirs and structurally fractured reservoirs for natural gas accumulation.