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To investigate the attenuating effects of fermented Hylocereus undulatus peels (FHP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells, and the mechanisms of attenuation, Hylocereus undulatus peels were fermented using Lactobacillus casei CICC20280. A methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium reduction assay was used to determine FHP cytotoxicity at different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/mL). The following groups were included: a control group, an LPS-induced inflammation model group, and five groups treated with LPS and different concentrations of FHP. Nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) in cell culture supernatants were quantitated using various molecular analysis techniques, including Griess, DCFH-DA fluorescence, and ELISA assays. RT-PCR was used to detect expression of NF-κB pathway components (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) and pro-inflammatory factors. FHP at concentrations of ≤400 µg/mL is non-toxic to RAW264.7 cells. FHP significantly decreases (p<0.05) concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors including NO, ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, by an average of 76.40%, and increases the concentration of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, by an average of 173.72%, in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the LPS-induced inflammation model group. Expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were significantly down-regulated (p<0.01) by FHP. In summary, FHP displays readily detectable attenuating effects on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells, probably by inhibiting secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and increasing levels of anti-inflammatory factors, via a mechanism possibly associated with an NF-κB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new triterpenoid glycosides, 3 α,19 α,23 α-trihydroxy-2-oxo-12-ursen-28- O- β- d-glucopyranoside ( 1) and 3 α,19 α,23 α-trihydroxy-2-oxoolean-12-en-28- O- β- d-glucopyranoside ( 2) as well as three known compounds, 2 α,3 α,19 α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28- O- β- d-glucopyranoside ( 3), 2 α,3 α,19 α,23-tetrahydroxy-12-ursen-28- O- β- d-glucopyranoside ( 4), and 2 α,3 β,19 α,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid ( 5) were isolated from 75% Et OH extract of Rosa cymosa. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds displayed moderate inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the design and development of a vision sensor for the ground test, a method of 3D reconstruction of feature point on large scale object surface from a single image is proposed. By establishing the math model of the 3D coordinate of feature point on the object surface and using the spatial ray through feature point, the 3D coordinate of the feature point can be determined using single image. According to the characteristics, the object surface can be classified into three types: high order surface type, block plane type and block surface type, while the corresponding location methods are introduced. The accuracy of three different 3D reconstruction methods is compared by simulation experiments. By the measurement precision of 1/10 000 in the range of 8 000 mm x 8 000 mm, it is proved that the proposed method is suitable for 3D reconstruction of feature point on large scale object surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the regional land main-function division of Guangdong Province was studied, based on the statistical indices of 21 cities in the Province in 2008 and the central place theory , and by the methods of spatial gravity center and fuzzy clustering. In 2008 , cities Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shantou, Foshan, Dongguan, and Chaozhou were the prior developed zones, lying in gravity center region and well exerted their radiating role in developed economy, being the central region for the development of economy in the Province. Cities Heyuan, Shanwei, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Zhanjiang, Maoming, and Zhaoqing were the restrictively developed zones. These cities had lower centrality index and worse economic base, and thereby, their ecological restoration and protection should be strengthened to make these cities be established into an eco-benefit ensured region. Cities Zhuhai, Shaoguan, Meizhou, Huizhou , Zhongshan, Qingyuan, Jieyang and Yunfu were the key developed zones, which should undertake the transfer of the industries from prior developed zones of Guangdong and limit the transfer of population from restrictively developed zones of the Province, gradually becoming the main supporting region for the economic development and population agglomeration of Guangdong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to investigate triterpenoids from the roots of Rosa laevigata Michx. The silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents from the roots of Rosa laevigata Michx. HPLC was used to analyze its purity and chemical constitution. Spectroscopy methods were used to determine their structures. Five constituents were isolated and identified as19α-OH-3β-E-feruloyl corosolic acid (1), 23-hydroxy-tormentic acid (2), 2α, 3β, 19α, 23- tetrahydroxy-12-en-28-oleanolic acid (3), 2α, 3α, 20β- trihydroxyurs-13 (18)-en-28-oic-acid (4), 2α, 3β, 20β-trihydroxyurs-13 (18)-en-28-oic-acid (5). Compound 1 was assigned as a new compound, compounds 4, 5 were obtained from the genus Rosa for the first time.

To study the triterpenoids from the roots of Rosa laevigata. The silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents from the roots of Rosa laevigata Michx. HPLC was used to analyze its purity, chemical and spectroscopy methods were used to determine their structures. 12 constituents were isolated and identified as(2R, 19R)methyl 2-acetyloxy-19- hydroxyl-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-carboxylate(1), pomonic acid (2), 18, 19-seco, 2α, 3α-dihydroxy-19-oxo-urs-11, 13(18)-dien-28-oic acid(3), swinhoeic acid (4), myrianthic acid(5), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-24-oxo-urs-12-en-oic acid (6), tormentic acid(7), arjunic acid (8), 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid(9), quadranoside Ⅷ (10), alpinoside(11), rubuside B (12). Compounds 1-4, 6, 9, 11-12 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2-4, 6, 11-12 were obtained from the genus Rosa for the first time., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

The constituents in 95% ethanol extract of the root of Rosa cymosa Tratt were purified by column chromatography techniques, leading to isolation of eleven triterpenes. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data as pomolic acid (1), fupenzic acid (2), ursolic acid (3), euscaphic acid (4), arjunic acid (5), tomentic acid (6), 3β-E-feruloyl corosolic acid (7), 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid (8), myrianthic acid (9), cecropiacic acid (10), and ilexoside B (11). Among them, compounds 3, 6-8, 10 and 11 were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compounds 7 and 10 were obtained from this genus for the first time.

In this paper, the regional land main-function division of Guangdong Province was studied, based on the statistical indices of 21 cities in the Province in 2008 and the central place theory, and by the methods of spatial gravity center and fuzzy clustering. In 2008, cities Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shantou, Foshan, Dongguan, and Chaozhou were the prior developed zones, lying in gravity center region and well exerted their radiating role in developed economy, being the central region for the development of economy in the Province. Cities Heyuan, Shanwei, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Zhanjiang, Maoming, and Zhaoqing were the restrictively developed zones. These cities had lower centrality index and worse economic base, and thereby, their ecological restoration and protection should be strengthened to make these cities be established into an eco-benefit ensured region. Cities Zhuhai, Shaoguan, Meizhou, Huizhou, Zhongshan, Qingyuan, Jieyang and Yunfu were the key developed zones, which should undertake the transfer of the industries from prior developed zones of Guangdong and limit the transfer of population from restrictively developed zones of the Province, gradually becoming the main supporting region for the economic development and population agglomeration of Guangdong.

This paper aims at the tense situation of energy demand and supply and analysis the current situation and problems of energy supply and demand in Guangzhou. We predict total demand of energy which will be 4534.7 x 10(4) of standard coal in 2010 by using the department analysis method and sequence method, and the balance between supply and demand of energy will be 45,000 thousand tons of standard coal. From the primary conclusions of our empirical analysis and together with the overall environment of energy in Guangdong and China, we think the development strategies of energy in Guangzhou in the future should involve several main points as following: (1) Energy of Guangzhou should base on the overall energy development programming of China and that is, it should depend on the "transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region", power incorporation of Sanxia, power generated of water energy, nuclear power and new resource. (2) Stop setting up or expending the natural monopoly and resource oriented Huangpu thermal power plant located in the windward direction of summer of Guangzhou which has serious pollution and consumes large quantities of energy. (3) It should not absolutely depend on the coal of the poor mountainous region of Guangdong and small power station and can make full use of the resource potential.