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Abstract Elephantopus tomentosus (ET) Linn. was reported to be an anti-tumor plant. However, the chemical composition of ET and its anti-tumor compounds and potential mechanisms still unclear. In this paper, UPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS was firstly used to identified the ingredients in ET and UPLC was used to determine the main compounds of ET. Network pharmacology was applied to predict the potential mechanisms of anti-liver cancer. Anti-tumor nuclear activate compounds and targets of ET were obtained and the anti-liver cancer effect was validated on HepG2. Finally, Molecule docking, RT-qPCR, and western blotting were used for verification of the relationship between nuclear activate compounds and nuclear targets and the potential anti-cancer mechanisms. The result showed that 42 compounds were identified in ET, which consisted of sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoid compounds. Scabertopin (ST), chlorogenic acid, Isochlorogenic acid B, Isochlorogenic acid A and Isochlorogenic acid C were identified as main compounds and were determined as 0.426%, 0.457%, 0.159%, 0.701%, and 0.103% respectively. 24 compounds showed high pharmacokinetics and good drug-likeness. 520 overlapping targets of the ET compounds and liver cancer were collected. The targets were used for KEGG and GO analysis. GO enrichment analysis suggested that the targets of 24 active compound closed related to promote apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, and regulate oxidative levels. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that pathway in cancer was enriched most and p38 MAPK/p53 signaling pathway, which closely related to promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation. Compounds-targets analysis based on the parameter of Betweenness, Closeness, Information, Eigenvector, Degree, and component content indicated that ST was the nucleus anti-tumor active compound of ET. HepG2 was first used to validated the anti-tumor effect of ST and the result showed that ST significantly inhibited HepG2 proliferation with a low IC50 less than 5 μM. Nucleus active compound targets, including TP53, CASP3, BCL2, EGFR, TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6 were enriched based on degree value of PPI analysis. Molecule docking suggested that ST showed a good combination to TGFBR1 with the combination energy less than − 5 kcal/mol. RT-qPCR result also suggested that ST significantly medicated the mRNA expression level of TP53, CASP3, BCL2, EGFR, TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6. Protein expression of p-p38/p38 and p-p53/p53 notable increased by ST treatment. In conclude, combining with UPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS qualitative analysis, UPLC quantitative analysis, network pharmacology analysis, molecule docking, and in vitro experiments on HepG2, we suggest that ST is an anti-tumor ingredient of ET, which may target to TGFBR1 and promote apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of HepG2 by activating p38 MAPK/p53 signaling pathway. ST can be regarded as a quality marker of ET.

IntroductionHyperlipidemia is a condition characterized by abnormal levels of lipids and lipoproteins in the plasma, posing significant health risks. Ferulic acid (FA) is an organic acid with therapeutic properties for diabetes and hyperlipidemia.MethodsTo explore biomarkers for FA treatment of hyperlipidemia and elucidate the mechanisms of lipid-lowering-related changes in metabolic pathways by metabolomics and network pharmacology. Initially, a hyperlipidemic mouse model induced by triton WR-1339 was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of FA. Subsequently, serum metabolomics was utilized to identify differential metabolites, and metabolic pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 6.0. Thirdly, network pharmacology was employed to identify potential targets of FA for hyperlipidemia. Finally, the compound-target-metabolite (C-T-M) network obtained core targets and validated them with molecular docking.ResultsBiochemical analysis and histological examination showed that FA had lipid-lowering effects on hyperlipidemic mice. It identified 31 potential biomarkers for FA against hyperlipidemia by metabolomics involving lipid and amino acid metabolism. Lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathways were identified as the key signaling pathways of FA against hyperlipidemia by KEGG analysis. Conjoint analysis showed that FA against hyperlipidemia was associated with 18 core targets and six biomarkers. Molecular docking results showed that FA has a high binding affinity to these core targets.DiscussionThrough the synergy of network pharmacology and metabolomics, this study provides insights into how FA regulates endogenous metabolites, underscoring its promise as a treatment for hyperlipidemia.

The study aimed to comprehensively investigate environmental pollutants’ potential toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms, focusing on chronic urticaria (CU) induced by butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) exposure, further drawing public awareness regarding the potential risks of environmental pollutants, applying ChEMBL, STITCH, and SwissTargetPrediction databases to predict the targets of BHA, CTD, GeneCards, and OMIM databases to collect the relevant targets of CU. Ultimately, we identified 81 potential targets of BHA-induced CU and extracted 31 core targets, including TNF, SRC, CASP3, BCL2, IL2, and MMP9. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these core targets were predominantly involved in cancer signaling, estrogen and endocrine resistance pathways. Furthermore, molecular docking confirmed the ability of BHA to bind with core targets. The onset and development of CU may result from BHA by affecting multiple immune signaling pathways. Our study elucidated the molecular mechanisms of BHA toxicity and its role in CU induction, providing the basis for preventing and treating chronic urticaria associated with environmental BHA exposure.

Abstract Bacterial communities play an important role in mangrove ecosystems. In order to gain information on the bacterial communities in mangrove species and rhizospheres grown in Zhangjiangkou National Mangrove Nature Reserve, this study collected root, branch, and leaf samples from five mangrove species as well as rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere samples and analyzed the community structure of endophytic bacteria and bacteria in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technique. Bacteria in 52 phyla, 64 classes, 152 orders, 295 families, and 794 genera were identified, which mainly belonged to Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Nitrospirota. At each taxonomic level, the community structure of the rhizosphere bacteria varied slightly with mangrove species, but endophytic bacteria differed greatly with plant species. The diversity indices of endophytic bacteria in branch and leaf samples of Acanthus ilicifolius were significantly lower, and endophytic bacteria in the plant tissues had higher abundance in the replication/repair and translation Clusters of Orthologous Genes functional categories but lower abundance in the carbohydrate metabolism category. This study helps to understand the community structure and diversity characteristics of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria in different mangrove plants. Provide a theoretical basis for in-depth research on the functions of mangrove ecosystems.

This study aims to analyze the fatigue life of a PTO (power take-off) gearbox used in a paddy field power chassis. The analysis considers factors such as stress concentration, dimensions, surface quality, and load characteristics affecting fatigue life. A finite element simulation was conducted using the Ansys 2022 software to identify the critical point of the PTO shell. The modified nominal stress fatigue analysis method, incorporating a stress adjustment coefficient, was employed to derive the modified S-N curve. Combined with the measured load data of the PTO bench operation, the load data and the 3D model of the PTO shell were imported into the fatigue analysis software n-code to analyze the fatigue life of the PTO gearbox of a paddy field power chassis and compare it with the prediction results from the traditional stress field strength method. The findings indicate that the optimized stress adjustment coefficient method predicts a fatigue life (31,699 h) closer to the actual operational life (20,000 h) compared to the traditional method (39,151 h). This research contributes to the advancement of the analytical techniques for predicting fatigue life in critical components of agricultural machinery.

Hyperlipidaemia is described as ''excessive phlegm'' and ''blood stasis'' in the classic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Exocarpium Citri Grandis has the effect of dispelling blood stasis and removing phlegm, which can better meet the treatment needs of this disease. However, there is still a lack of focus and depth in the study of the chemical composition of this medicine, and the correlation between the study of relevant medicinal substances and the efficacy of dispelling stasis and removing phlegm is insufficient. To address this issue, this study was carried out to validate the overall efficacy and identify and determine the chemical composition of Exocarpium Citri Grandis. The regulatory mechanism of the PXR-CYP3A4/FXR-LXRα pathway and its active ingredients were screened, and a pharmacokinetic study of active ingredients was performed. The obtained multidimensional data were statistically analysed and comprehensively evaluated. The quality marker of Exocarpium Citri Grandis in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia based on the PXR-CYP3A4/FXR-LXRα mechanism to exert the efficacy of dispelling blood stasis and removing phlegm was finally determined. Based on the above experiments, we identified 27 compounds from the ethanol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis. Among them, naringenin, meranzin hydrate, apigenin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, anacardiin, hesperidin and naringin can significantly regulate all or part of the targets in the PXR-CYP3A4/FXR-LXRα pathway. It also has suitable content and pharmacokinetic characteristics in vivo. In conclusion, this study established quality markers to characterize the efficacy of Exocarpium Citri Grandis in dispelling blood stasis and removing phlegm, which provides a scientific basis for the targeted evaluation of the hypolipidaemic activity of this medicinal plant.

A novel heterojunction composite of CoOx/Bi4Ti3O12 was synthesized through a combination of molten salt and photodeposition methods. The optimal sample exhibited superior performance in the piezocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye with a degradation rate of 1.09 h−1, which was 2.4 times higher than that of pristine Bi4Ti3O12. Various characterizations were conducted to reveal the fundamental nature accountable for the outstanding piezocatalytic performance of CoOx/Bi4Ti3O12. The investigation of the band structure indicated that the CoOx/Bi4Ti3O12 composite formed a type-I p-n heterojunction structure, with CoOx acting as a hole trapper to effectively separate and transfer piezogenerated carriers. Significantly, the MO degradation rate of the best CoOx/Bi4Ti3O12 sample further increased to 2.96 h−1 under combined ultrasonic vibration and simulated sunlight. The synergy between piezocatalysis and photocatalysis can be ascribed to the following factors. The photoexcitation process ensures the sufficient generation of charge carriers in the CoOx/Bi4Ti3O12, while the piezoelectric field within Bi4Ti3O12 promotes the separation of electron-hole pairs in the bulk phase. Furthermore, the heterojunction structure between Bi4Ti3O12 and CoOx significantly facilitates the surface separation of charge carriers. This increased involvement of free electrons and holes in the reaction leads to a remarkable enhancement in catalytic MO degradation. This work contributes to the understanding of the coupling mechanism between the piezoelectric effect and photocatalysis, and also provides a promising strategy for the development of efficient catalysts for wastewater treatment.

Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism resulting from abnormal blood lipid metabolism and is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases that endanger people’s health. Yinlan Tiaozhi capsule (YL) is a formulated TCM widely used to treat hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to discover biomarkers utilizing untargeted metabolomics techniques, as well as to analyze the mechanisms underlying the changes in metabolic pathways linked to lipid-lowering, anti-inflammation, and regulation of angiogenesis in hyperlipidemia mice. To assess the efficacy of YL, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were measured. Biochemical examinations showed that YL significantly reduced the levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, Il6, Tnf-α, and Vegfa in hyperlipidemia mice (p < 0.01). YL also significantly increased the levels of HDL-c and Alb (p < 0.01). Twenty-seven potential serum biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia were determined. These differential metabolites were related to the reduction of serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemia mice, probably through metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Further correlation analysis showed that the serum lipid reduction through YL was related to the metabolites (amino acid metabolites, phospholipids metabolites, and fatty acids metabolites). The present study reveals that YL has a profound effect on alleviating triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and angiogenesis and that the positive effects of YL were primarily associated with the correction of metabolic abnormalities and the maintenance of metabolite dynamic balance.

Abstract Single phase line‐broken (SPLB) fault is one kind of high impedance fault (HIF). When a SPLB fault occurs, there are four scenarios: SPLB fault with neither side conductors grounded (SPLB‐NSCG), with source side conductor grounded only (SPLB‐SSCG), with load side conductor grounded only (SPLB‐LSCG), with both side conductors grounded (SPLB‐BSCG). Traditional HIF detection methods using current or voltage characteristics have low sensitivity to SPLB fault. In this paper, voltage characteristics are analysed firstly in the cases of the first three scenarios of SPLB fault, respectively. Theoretical analysis finds that the voltage at both the sides of the disconnection point is significantly different. A high sensitive SPLB fault detection method based on differential voltage is proposed for radial distribution network with different data synchronization ability. Finally, SPLB fault location methods based on centralized intelligent mode feeder automation (FA) and intelligent distributed mode FA are proposed. Simulations based on PSCAD verify that the proposed SPLB fault detection method is feasible, highly sensitive and immune to the neutral grounded mode, fault scenarios and fault resistance.

Nanoscale patterning of fullerene materials with peculiar intrinsic electronic and optical properties is of crucial importance for their widespread applications. However, it remains a daunting challenge for current methods that suffer from both complicated lithography procedures and additives of photopolymers or photochemicals detrimental to the pristine properties of fullerene. Here, we developed a contamination-free laser printing approach for in situ patterning of fullerene with nanoscale resolution and high purity. The optical trapping force within the tight focus provides a lithography-free means to form densely packed fullerene nanostructures with two-order-of-magnitude enhanced fluorescence emission and a surface roughness of 6 nm. In addition, versatile fullerene nano-patterns from dots to concentric rings can be realized by flexibly shaping the optical trapping force of higher-order Laguerre–Gaussian beams. These results open a new route to programmable and high-quality patterning of fullerene optoelectronic devices with complex nanostructures.

This investigation considered the effects of both internal and external excitation vibrations on the efficacy of the seed dispenser in a rice precision hole seeder. Through comprehensive field tests, we analyzed vibrational characteristics during direct seeder operations and established a vibration seeding test bed for systematic examination of these effects. Time-domain analysis of the vibration data revealed a predominantly vertical vibration direction, with notably higher levels in sandy loam soil compared to clay loam. A correlation was observed between increased engine size and rotary ploughing speeds, as well as forward speed and elevated vibration amplitudes. Frequency domain analysis pinpointed the primary vibration frequency of the machinery within the 0–170 Hz range, remaining consistent across different operating conditions. Crucially, bench test results indicated that seeding accuracy and dispersion were significantly influenced by vibration frequencies, particularly within the 70–130 Hz range, where a decrease in accuracy and increase in dispersion were noted. A regression model suggested a complex, non-linear relationship between seeding performance and vibration frequency. These insights highlight the necessity for a robust mechanism to effectively address these vibrational impacts. This study paves the way for enhancing the operational efficiency of the rice precision hole seeder, aiming to achieve the design goals of minimized vibrations in the paddy power chassis.

Abstract Bushao Tiaozhi Capsule (BSTZC) is a novel drug in China that is used in clinical practice and has significant therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia (HLP). In our previous study, BSTZC has a good regulatory effect on lipid metabolism of HLP rats. However, its bioactive compounds, potential targets, and underlying mechanism remain largely unclear. We extracted the active ingredients and targets in BSTZC from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and literature mining. Subsequently, core ingredients, potential targets, and signaling pathways were determined through bioinformatics analysis, including constructed Drug-Ingredient-Gene symbols-Disease (D-I-G-D), protein–protein interaction (PPI), the Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, the reliability of the core targets was evaluated using in vivo studies. A total of 36 bioactive ingredients and 209 gene targets were identified in BSTZC. The network analysis revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, isorhamnetin, baicalein and luteolin may be the core ingredients. The 26 core targets of BSTZC, including IL-6, TNF, VEGFA, and CASP3, were considered potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the treatment of HLP by BSTZC might be related to lipopolysaccharide, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The pathway analysis showed enrichment for different pathways like MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic, IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. In this study, network pharmacology analysis, and experiment verification were combined, and revealed that BSTZC may regulate key inflammatory markers and apoptosis for ameliorating HLP.

Aqueous polyurethane is an environmentally friendly, low-cost, high-performance resin with good abrasion resistance and strong adhesion. Cationic aqueous polyurethane is limited in cathodic electrophoretic coatings due to its complicated preparation process and its poor stability and single performance after emulsification and dispersion. The introduction of perfluoropolyether alcohol (PFPE-OH) and light curing technology can effectively improve the stability of aqueous polyurethane emulsions, and thus enhance the functionality of coating films. In this paper, a new UV-curable fluorinated polyurethane-based cathodic electrophoretic coating was prepared using cationic polyurethane as a precursor, introducing PFPE-OH capping, and grafting hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The results showed that the presence of perfluoropolyether alcohol in the structure affected the variation of the moisture content of the paint film after flash evaporation. Based on the emulsion particle size and morphology tests, it can be assumed that the fluorinated cationic polyurethane emulsion is a core–shell structure with hydrophobic ends encapsulated in the polymer and hydrophilic ends on the outer surface. After abrasion testing and baking, the fluorine atoms of the coating were found to increase from 8.89% to 27.34%. The static contact angle of the coating to water was 104.6 ± 3°, and the water droplets rolled off without traces, indicating that the coating is hydrophobic. The coating has excellent thermal stability and tensile properties. The coating also passed the tests of impact resistance, flexibility, adhesion, and resistance to chemical corrosion in extreme environments. This study provides a new idea for the construction of a new and efficient cathodic electrophoretic coating system, and also provides more areas for the promotion of cationic polyurethane to practical applications.

Gas drilling technology is an effective method to protect low permeability tight sandstone reservoirs from damage. However, using this technology to drill high-pressure fractured reservoirs, the fluid flow characteristics are extremely complex, leading to drilling safety challenges. Therefore, based on the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy, a new transient coupled flow model in matrix-fracture is established for high-pressure gas reservoirs opened by gas drilling, considering convection term and energy equation, to research the pressure and flow velocity transient behaviors. This model is solved by Shaher Momani’s algorithm and CyabJiBe format, and the type curves of the pressure and flow velocity are plotted. The three flow stages are developed, and the impact of parameters and equation terms on the transient flow behavior is analyzed and discussed, such as the energy equation, the matrix permeability (k), the fracture aperture (Lf), and the fracture outlet pressure. It is found that the energy equation term of the model has a great influence on the transient characteristics such as velocity and pressure, which cannot be ignored. In the first flow stage, the flow velocity characteristics are not affected by the matrix parameters being extremely unstable, but in the second and third stages, the influence of the gas supplied to fracture cannot be ignored. The proposed transient coupled flow model provides a new understanding of the transient flow behavior in matrix-fracture for high-pressure reservoirs during gas drilling, which can be used to interpret the characteristics of pressure and velocity more realistically, to provide support for safe drilling of gas drilling.

Abstract The sulfur redox kinetics critically matters to superior lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, for which single atom catalysts (SACs) take effect on promoting Li2S redox process and mitigating the shuttle behavior of lithium polysulfide (LiPs). However, conventional trial‐and‐error strategy significantly slows down the development of SACs in Li–S batteries. Here, the Li2S oxidation processes over MN4@G catalysts are fully explored and energy barrier of Li2S decomposition (Eb) is identified to correlate strongly with three parameters of energy difference between initial and final states of Li2S decomposition, reaction energy of Li2S oxidation and LiS bond strength. These three parameters can serve as efficient descriptors by which two excellent SACs of MoN4@G and WN4@G are screened which give rise to Eb values of 0.58 and 0.55 eV, respectively, outperforming other analogues in adsorbing LiPs and accelerating the redox kinetics of Li2S. This method can be extended to a wider range of SACs by coupling MN4 moiety with heterostructures and heteroatoms beyond N where WN4@G/TiS2 heterointerface is predicted to exhibit enhanced catalytic performance for Li2S decomposition with Eb of 0.40 eV. This work will help accelerate the process of designing a wider range of efficient catalysts in Li–S batteries and even beyond, e.g. alkali‐ion‐Chalcogen batteries.

Aiming at the problems of the multimedia computer-aided industrial system, this paper puts forward the application of big data mining algorithm to multimedia computer-aided industrial system design and analyzes in detail the impact of multimedia technology on industrial quality. This paper introduces the advantages of using big data mining algorithm in multimedia computer technology course, shows the operating environment to be met by using the multimedia computer-aided industrial system, follows the guiding principles of the overall design learning theory and artistic conception cognition theory, supplements specific industrial examples, and discusses multimedia industrial design.

All-optical magnetic switching (AOS) provides a novel approach to improve writing ability and energy efficiency compared to those utilized in the mainstream magnetic data storage products. Rare earth-transition metals (RE-TM) exhibit extremely fast magnetization switching induced by one single incident linearly polarized laser pulse; however, the mechanism is still ambiguous. Here, we show by atomistic spin simulation that the laser induced spin transfer torque dominates the magnetization reversal of Fe sublattice in Gd25Fe75 alloy, and that the switching speed of Gd25Fe75 alloy is relevant to the amount of spin current. This implies that a possible helicity independent mechanism underlies the RE-TM alloy AOS process. We also find that the greater the spin current density the faster the magnetization switching, and the time magnetization reversal of Gd and Fe takes is also affected by the spin current density.

In this paper, the influence of burial depth of crack on stress measurement of laser cladding coating with the critical refracted longitudinal wave (Lcr wave) was discussed based on the Lcr wave acoustoelastic effect. The regular rectangular slots with different depths that were used to simulate the burial crack in coating was based on the equivalent theory. The experimental system including an ultrasonic wave generator, digital oscilloscope (2.5 GHz sampling rate), and two Lcr wave transducers (2.5 MHz center frequency) was used to collect the Lcr wave under different tensile loads, and the Lcr wave was denoised by using wavelet analysis technology, then the fracture morphology was observed using SEM. The results show that after the denoising by wavelet analysis technology, the signal-to-noise ratio of Lcr wave becomes bigger and the mean square deviation of Lcr wave becomes smaller. When the tensile load is within the turning point load, the difference in time of flight between Lcr wave increases linearly as the tensile load increases, and the deviation of the experimental results becomes obvious as the tensile load increases. When the tensile load is the same, as the burial depth of the slot increases, the nominal Lcr wave acoustoelastic coefficient decreases and tends to be stable gradually. At last, the experimental results are discussed based on the Lcr wave acoustoelastic effect and deformation theory, and it is analyzed that the uneven deformation caused by the interface in coating, anisotropic microstructure, and the burial crack is considered as the main reason.

The dynamics of spin flips induced by the femtosecond laser are theoretically investigated in this article. The spin flips in this scenario are attributed to the intersystem crossing (ISC) described within the frame of the Rabi model. This new explanation is a step attempting to explain the mechanism of the all-optical magnetic orientation switching in the perspective of the conservation of the angular momentum and breaks of the selection rule, which is ignored in the Raman scattering related explanations. The final spin states discussed herein are closely related to the intensity of the incident laser and the ISC decay rate. The quantitative analysis of the relation between decay rate, temperature and the intensity of the laser is discussed.

We theoretically study the mechanism of the all-optical magnetic switching by combining the Rashba effect and stimulated Raman scattering. In hydrogenlike systems, we show that the Rashba effect splits the energy band and stimulated Raman scattering transits the electrons between the lambda three-level system and controls the spin states to reverse the orientation of magnetization. The dynamics of electrons are described with the Lindblad equation in a few hundreds of femtoseconds. We further investigate the influence of laser intensity and wavelength on the probability of spin-flip in a ferromagnetic material, CoPt.

Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism resulting from abnormal blood lipid metabolism and is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases that endanger people's health. Yinlan Tiaozhi capsule (YL) is a formulated TCM widely used to treat hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to discover biomarkers utilizing untargeted metabolomics techniques, as well as to analyze the mechanisms underlying the changes in metabolic pathways linked to lipid-lowering, anti-inflammation, and regulation of angiogenesis in hyperlipidemia mice. To assess the efficacy of YL, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were measured. Biochemical examinations showed that YL significantly reduced the levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, Il6, Tnf-α, and Vegfa in hyperlipidemia mice (p < 0.01). YL also significantly increased the levels of HDL-c and Alb (p < 0.01). Twenty-seven potential serum biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia were determined. These differential metabolites were related to the reduction of serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemia mice, probably through metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Further correlation analysis showed that the serum lipid reduction through YL was related to the metabolites (amino acid metabolites, phospholipids metabolites, and fatty acids metabolites). The present study reveals that YL has a profound effect on alleviating triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and angiogenesis and that the positive effects of YL were primarily associated with the correction of metabolic abnormalities and the maintenance of metabolite dynamic balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate analysis of reservoir fluid sensitivity is an important prerequisite for efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields. Based on the systematic analysis of petrological characteristics, mineral composition and reservoir physical properties, this paper focuses on the low to ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in Chang 6 Member of X area in the northwest of Ordos Basin. The research results show that the reservoir rocks of Chang 6 Member in X area in the northwest of Ordos Basin are mainly very fine feldspar sandstone and lithic feldspar sandstone, with an average porosity of 10.86% and an average permeability of 0.91 mD. It belongs to a typical low to ultralow porosity and ultra-low permeability tight sandstone reservoir. The reservoir has weak medium weak velocity sensitivity, water sensitivity, alkali sensitivity and weak salt sensitivity, and does not have acid sensitivity. Aimed at the water lock situation of Chang 6 reservoir, a high efficient water lock agent GOF was developed. The results show that GOF has excellent reservoir protection performance, and the recovery value of core gas permeability reaches 91.6%, which can significantly improve the formation permeability; Under simulated reservoir conditions, the permeability recovery value of reservoir protection test is stable above 95%. This study can provide reliable reference for the safe and efficient development of tight sandstone reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]