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Abstract Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is among the most common complications of bariatric surgery. This study aimed to analyse the risk factors affecting the worsening of GERD symptoms after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and to establish and validate a related nomogram model. Methods The study recruited 236 participants and randomly divided them into training and validation sets in a ratio of 7:3. LASSO regression technique was used to select the optimal predictive features, and multivariate logistic regression was used to construct the column line graphs. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated and validated by analyzing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve. Results In this study, Lasso-logistic regression was applied to select 5 predictors from the relevant variables, which were body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hiatal hernia, GERD, and triglyceride levels. These 5 predictor variables constructed a model with moderate predictive power, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.779 for the training set and 0.796 for the validation set. Decision curve analysis showed that in external validation, if the risk thresholds were between 4 and 98% and 14–95%, then the nomogram can be applied to the clinic. Conclusions We have developed and validated a nomogram that effectively predicts the risk of worsening gastroesophageal reflux symptoms following LSG.

Abstract The locked segment is critical for determining the stability of locked segment-type landslides. Research indicates that the volume expansion point marks the transition from the secondary creep stage to the tertiary creep stage in a landslide’s evolution, and also separates the stable crack growth stage from the unstable crack growth stage in the locked segment. Identifying the volume expansion point is essential for early warning and predicting locked segment-type landslides. A series of instruments (resistance strain gauges, acoustic emission system, piezoelectric acceleration sensors, etc.) were used to conduct physical model tests of the landslide with retaining-wall-like locked segment under external load on the landslide’s trailing edge. The evolution process of this landslide was analyzed through changes in slope shape and stress response characteristics. The experimental results reveal the failure mechanism of the landslide with retaining-wall-like locked segment: the upper part of the landslide thrusts and slides, the middle part squeezes and uplifts, the retaining-wall-like locked segment produces a locking effect, and compression-shear fracture of the retaining-wall-like locked segment leads to landslide failure. Based on the deformation and acoustic emission characteristics of the locked segment, a method for identifying the volume expansion point was established. This point was used as the onset of acceleration point in the inverse velocity method to predict the failure time of the locked segment-type landslides, incorporating the three-stage creep model and Fukumoto’s theory.

Abstract Background The best method for selecting embryos ploidy is preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A). However, it takes more labour, money, and experience. As such, more approachable, non- invasive techniques were still needed. Analyses driven by artificial intelligence have been presented recently to automate and objectify picture assessments. Methods In present retrospective study, a total of 3448 biopsied blastocysts from 979 Time-lapse (TL)-PGT cycles were retrospectively analyzed. The “intelligent data analysis (iDA) Score” as a deep learning algorithm was used in TL incubators and assigned each blastocyst with a score between 1.0 and 9.9. Results Significant differences were observed in iDAScore among blastocysts with different ploidy. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher scores were significantly correlated with euploidy (p

Summary: Background: Labiaplasty is one of the top cosmetic procedures patients are seeking in the past two years. However, treatment of disease in posterior fourchette caused by various etiological factors was less investigated and neglected. Methods: Three types of posterior fourchette deformity were proposed: (1) Redundant posterior fourchette, (2) Relaxed posterior fourchette, and (3) Constricted posterior fourchette. Local flap transfer technique was applied. Y–V-plasty and 5-Z-Flap-plasty were used to treat web type and tight type of the constricted posterior fourchette, respectively. Follow-ups were arranged on the Internet or at the outpatient clinic. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was utilized to evaluate sexual discomfort in the satisfaction questionnaires during follow-up. Results: A total of 48 patients with constricted posterior fourchette deformity from May 2022 to May 2023 were reviewed in the study. Y–V-plasty could decrease VAS in patients with web-type deformity by 4.13 ± 1.46 (p＜0.001). 5-Z-Flap-plasty could decrease VAS in patients with tight-type deformity by 3.76 ± 1.53 (p＜0.05). Satisfaction rates of the web type and tight type were 93.1% (27/29) and 86.7% (13/15) respectively. Complications include two cases of hematoma, one case of persistent pain and two cases of dehiscence. Conclusion: Constricted posterior fourchette seriously affects the quality of life. Y–V-plasty and 5-Z-Flap-plasty can be utilized to treat the two subtypes of constricted posterior fourchette, which can effectively reduce the pain score of patients with high satisfaction and few long-term complications.

[Objective] To seek a new urban development plan of Hefei under the guidance of “double carbon” goal. [Methods] Based on the land use data of Hefei City in the 5th period from 2000 to 2020, under the guidance of territorial spatial Planning of Hefei City, the spatio-temporal evolution law of land use in 2035 was simulated by the PLUS model, and the spatio-temporal change characteristics of carbon storage in Hefei City under multiple scenarios were explored by coupling the InVEST model. And further explore the effect of the comprehensive land use on the carbon storage. [Results] (1) The main characteristics of land use change in Hefei City from 2000 to 2020 were the decrease of cultivated land and forest land, among which cultivated land was the main source of construction land expansion. The law of land change in the natural development and farmland resource protection scenarios was roughly the same, mainly represented by the reduction of cultivated land, forest land and water body. In the green urban development scenario, the area of forest land changed from decreasing to increasing compared with the other two scenarios. (2) Carbon storage in Hefei City decreased year by year from 2000 to 2020, and the carbon loss was the most 2005 to 2010. By 2035, the carbon reserves of natural development scenario, farmland resource protection scenario and green urban development scenario were 138.96×106 t, 140.13×106 t, and 139.81×106 t, respectively. Under the farmland resource protection scenario, the area with the lowest increase of carbon storage significantly slowed down the expansion of the construction land. under the scenario of urban development, forest land changes from carbon loss to carbon sequestration, which was the most potential trend of carbon sequestration. (3) The land utilization rate of green urban development scenario was the highest, which can effectively reduce the threat of comprehensive land use degree to carbon storage loss. [Conclusion] Both farmland resource protection scenario and green accumulation urban development scenario were conducive to urban carbon sequestration development. Implementing parallel policies of ecological protection and urban development, and adjusting comprehensive land use mode were conducive to improving urban carbon loss.

In this paper, we present an improved analysis of the top-quark pair production via the process e+e−→γ⁎→tt¯ near the threshold region up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) QCD corrections. Near the threshold region, the top-quark velocity v tends to zero, leading to Coulomb singularity. To achieve a reasonable prediction in the threshold region, we reconstruct the analytical expression for the Coulomb-terms up to N3LO accuracy by using the PSLQ algorithm, whose numerical values agree well with the previous N3LO-level calculations. It is found that the N3LO series still has sizable renormalization scale dependence, and to improve the precision of the series, we apply the Principle of Maximum Conformality to eliminate such scale dependence. After that, the Coulomb part is resummed into a Sommerfeld-Gamow-Sakharov factor, which finally leads to a much more reasonable behavior near the threshold region.

The detection of surface defects on printed circuit board (PCB) plays a vital role. However, current defect detection methods face significant challenges, such as frequently misidentifying non-defective areas as defects, low defect recognition capability, and diminished accuracy in identifying minor defects. To address these challenges, a novel defect detection network based on the YOLOv7-tiny network framework is proposed (SMC-YOLO). In this paper, we have improved the (Spatial Pyramid Pooling, Cross Stage Partial Channel) SPPCSPC module by adding three additional convolutional layers and introducing an extra feature channel below the max-pooling layer. These enhancements help in capturing fine-grained features and preserving crucial information, which is essential for detecting tiny defects on PCB. Additionally, we have modified the connection method between the max-pooling layers, changing from a parallel to a serial connection to reduce information loss. On this basis, incorporating the multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanism at the SPPCSPC module output enhances the network’s ability to focus on critical features across various scales, effectively capturing and utilizing detailed information, thereby improving the detection performance for small defects. Furthermore, the introduction of the content-aware reassembly of features (CARAFE) lightweight upsampling operator restores fine-grained details like defect edges and textures. It also preserves contextual information such as spatial relationships and background consistency, resulting in improved upsampling outcomes. Finally, The effective integration of the normalized wasserstein distance (NWD) loss function and the efficient IoU (EIoU) loss function further enhances the positioning accuracy and convergence efficiency of the SMC-YOLO defect detection algorithm. In comparison to the original YOLOv7-tiny network, the proposed network showcases notable advancements in detection performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves a detection speed of 114.94 FPS while maintaining the mAP value of 97.4%. It is evident that the SMC-YOLO network effectively detects surface defects in PCB manufacturing and holds promising potential for implementation on embedded systems.

Berberine (BBR) ameliorates glucose (GLU) metabolism in fish and growing evidences showed that the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is involved in the regulation of GLU metabolism in mammals, but the molecular mechanisms behind the effect remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the regulated function of FXR on GLU metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Largemouth bass (133.7 ± 1.43 g) were fed with five experimental diets (control, BBR (1 g/kg), GW4064 (FXR agonist GW4064, 0.1 g/kg), MCA (FXR inhibitor Gly-MCA, 25 mg/kg), and BBR+MCA (1 g/kg BBR + 25 mg/kg MCA) for 50 days. The results showed that dietary BBR and GW4064 decreased serum GLU and increased serum total bile acid (TBA), whereas opposite effects were observed in the MCA and MCA+BBR groups. Similarly, dietary BBR and GW4064 improved hepatic histological morphology, whereas dietary MCA and MCA+BBR induced hepatic damage. Furthermore, dietary BBR positively influenced the composition of intestinal bile acid (BA) metabolites, as demonstrated by the decreased contents of β-MCA and deoxycholic acid (DCA) and increased contents of taurodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (THCA), taurohyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (THDCA) and cholic acid (CA), activating the FXR signal in intestine of largemouth bass. Consistently, dietary BBR and GW4064 increased intestinal mRNA levels of fxr and shp, whereas MCA supplementation reversed the trends. Moreover, dietary BBR and GW4064 enhanced the glycolysis by increasing the activity of HK and PK and promoted the glycogen synthesis by decreasing gsk3β expression and increasing gs expression. Additionally, dietary BBR increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium and Lactococcus lactis. Overall, these results indicated that BBR may improve GLU metabolism of largemouth bass by enhancing glycolysis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis due to the activation of FXR signal, contributing to the decrease of blood GLU level.

Among women, breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer, and the presence of metastases significantly reduces prognosis and diminishes overall survival rates. Gaining insights into the biological mechanisms governing the conversion of cancer cells, their subsequent spread to other areas of the body, and the immune system’s monitoring of tumor growth will contribute to the advancement of more efficient and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor cells’ evasion of the immune system and promoting cancer progression. Additionally, miRNAs also influence metastasis formation, including the establishment of metastatic sites and the transformation of tumor cells into migratory phenotypes. Specifically, dysregulated expression of these genes has been associated with abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, thereby facilitating tumor development. This study aims to provide a concise overview of the significance and function of miRNAs in breast cancer, focusing on their involvement as tumor suppressors in the antitumor immune response and as oncogenes in metastasis formation. Furthermore, miRNAs hold tremendous potential as targets for gene therapy due to their ability to modulate specific pathways that can either promote or suppress carcinogenesis. This perspective highlights the latest strategies developed for miRNA-based therapies.

Wild plants represent a potential source of urban landscape trees. Stranvaesia davidiana Dcne. is a member of the Stranvaesia Lindl. Genus, which belongs to family Rosaceae Juss. It has great ornamental value. It can contribute to urban color foliage and fruit species. However, the most effective fertilizer application strategy required for its cultivation is unknown. Therefore, we conducted an orthogonal experiment to investigate the fertilizer type and level (pure nitrogen) using ten experimental groups, including an untreated control group. Pot experiments were used to determine the growth indices of seedlings, including plant height, basal diameter, and chlorophyll content post-fertilizer treatment. This study explored the most appropriate fertiler application model for the growth of S. davidiana seedlings. The results revealed that enhanced seedling growth depended on the type and amount of fertilizer used, and their interaction. Fertilizer application increased the plant height by 2.67 cm to 12.26 cm, basal diameter by 0.39 cm to 0.75 cm, and chlorophyll content by 5.66 to 19.86. Among the different types of fertilizer, organic fertilizer increased the plant height by 0.42 cm to 9.59 cm and basal diameter by 0.01 cm to 0.05 cm, compared with the control group. Organic fertilizer had the maximum effect on seedling growth, especially at medium levels. The total growth of basal diameter and chlorophyll content was 1.58 ± 0.04 cm and 39.53 ± 2.37, respectively. Basal diameter is the most critical index in seedling reproduction . The study results suggest that the application of 4.06 g of organic fertilizer per plant was the most effective, and served as a basis for further field trials.

Abstract In addition to the evaluation of high-order loop contributions, the precision and predictive power of perturbative QCD (pQCD) predictions depends on two important issues: (1) how to achieve a reliable, convergent fixed-order series, and (2) how to reliably estimate the contributions of unknown higher-order terms. The recursive use of renormalization group equation, together with the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC), eliminates the renormalization scheme-and-scale ambiguities of the conventional pQCD series. The result is a conformal, scale-invariant series of finite order which also satisfies all of the principles of the renormalization group. In this paper we propose a novel Bayesian-based approach to estimate the size of the unknown higher order contributions based on an optimized analysis of probability distributions. We show that by using the PMC conformal series, in combination with the Bayesian analysis, one can consistently achieve high degree of reliability estimates for the unknown high order terms. Thus the predictive power of pQCD can be greatly improved. We illustrate this procedure for two pQCD observables: $$R_{e^+e^-}$$ R e + e - and $$R_\tau $$ R τ , which are each known up to four loops in pQCD. Numerical analyses confirm that by using the scale-independent and more convergent PMC conformal series, one can achieve reliable Bayesian probability estimates for the unknown higher-order contributions.

Abstract The destruction of the locked-segment type landslide is often accompanied by the destruction of the locked segment with cumulative effects. Investigating the failure mode and instability mechanism of locked-segment type landslides is crucial. The study uses physical models to examine the evolution of locked-segment type landslides with retaining-walls. It utilizes a variety of instruments (tilt sensors, micro earth pressure sensors, pore water pressure sensors, strain gauges, and others) to conduct physical model tests of locked-segment type landslide with retaining-wall and to reveal the tilting deformation and evolution mechanism of retaining-wall locked landslide under the condition of rainfall. The results showed that the regularity of tilting rate, tilting acceleration, strain, and stress change in the retaining-wall locked segment is consistent with the landslide evolution process, indicating that tilting deformation can be used as the criterion of landslide instability and that the locked segment plays a vital role in controlling the landslide stability. The tertiary creep stages of tilting deformation are divided into initial, medium, and high tertiary creep stages using an improved angle tangent method. This establishes the failure criterion for locked-segment type landslides with tilting angles of 0.34°, 1.89°, and 4.38°. In addition, the tilting deformation curve of a locked-segment type landslide with a retaining-wall is utilized to predict the landslide instability by the reciprocal velocity method.