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To explore the quality evaluation indicators of walnut and pecan varieties cultured in Yunnan, the contents of 12 nutritional indicators which included in mineral elements, protein, crude fat, and vitamin C of 27 walnut varieties were determined. 12 indicators were comprehensively explored by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis to reveal variation and comprehensive quality of walnut resources in Yunnan Province. Results showed that the variation of the content of 12 indicators was relatively rich, the variation coefficient ranged from 5% to 83%, among which the variation coefficient of vitamin C was the largest and the variation coefficient of crude fat was the smallest. The order of the average contents of 9 mineral elements was K>P>Mg>Ca>Mn>Na>Fe>Zn>Cu. The average contents of protein, fat and vitamin C were 15.62%, 68.63% and 4.66 mg/100 g, respectively. As demonstrated by the results of correlation analysis on 12 indicators, there was a significant positive correlation between protein and P, Fe, Mg, Ca, and Cu. The principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate, showed that the comprehensive quality of walnut varieties 'Xiangcha' 'Yongping' 'Wanshu' and 'Xiaoyuanguo' were the best and the pecan variety 'Kaduo' was the better. The clustering analysis results showed that it can be divided into two major categories, namely the group rich in mineral elements and the group with high fat content. Subsequently, by combining with cluster analysis, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, protein and fat were determined as the critical indicators to evaluate the quality of walnut and pecan varieties cultured in Yunnan. Pecan varieties were suitable for extracting oil, and 22 main walnut varieties were suitable for direct consumption or the development of functional beverages rich in mineral elements and protein. The study clarified the critical indicators for evaluating the quality of Yunnan walnut and explored its quality characteristics, providing a scientific classification method, and laying a theoretical basis for the construction of the Yunnan walnut quality evaluation system.

Abstract Estimating nonlinear functions of quantum states, such as the moment $${{{\rm{tr}}}}({\rho }^{m})$$ tr ( ρ m ) , is of fundamental and practical interest in quantum science and technology. Here we show a quantum-classical hybrid framework to measure them, where the quantum part is constituted by the generalized swap test, and the classical part is realized by postprocessing the result from randomized measurements. This hybrid framework utilizes the partial coherent power of the intermediate-scale quantum processor and, at the same time, dramatically reduces the number of quantum measurements and the cost of classical postprocessing. We demonstrate the advantage of our framework in the tasks of state-moment estimation and quantum error mitigation.

Analog quantum simulation is an essential routine for quantum computing and plays a crucial role in studying quantum many-body physics. Typically, the quantum evolution of an analog simulator is largely determined by its physical characteristics, lacking the precise control or versatility of quantum gates. This limitation poses challenges in extracting physical properties on analog quantum simulators, an essential step of quantum simulations. To address this issue, we introduce the Hamiltonian shadow protocol, which uses a single quench Hamiltonian for estimating arbitrary state properties, eliminating the need for ancillary systems and random unitaries. Additionally, we derive the sample complexity of this protocol and show that it performs comparably to the classical shadow protocol. The Hamiltonian shadow protocol does not require sophisticated control and can be applied to a wide range of analog quantum simulators. We demonstrate its utility through numerical demonstrations with Rydberg atom arrays under realistic parameter settings. The new protocol significantly broadens the application of randomized measurements for analog quantum simulators without precise control and ancillary systems.

IntroductionA persistent vegetative state (PVS) can be caused by traumatic or non-traumatic brain injury. PVS is a complex clinical condition with numerous complications. Nursing care, medical treatment, and comprehensive rehabilitation are necessary to improve the outcomes of PVS. However, the prognosis remains unsatisfactory. Acupuncture therapy has been used as a rehabilitation strategy to treat patients with PVS in China, showing better results in the recovery of consciousness, intellectual capability, and motor function.Case descriptionWe present the case of a 4-month-long PVS after herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) in a 3.5-year-old boy who underwent Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture integrated with Western medicine and rehabilitation. The patient regained consciousness post-treatment. His intelligence and motor function gradually recovered after seven treatment sessions.ConclusionTongdu Xingshen acupuncture is a potential complementary therapy to optimize clinical outcomes in PVS.

SWATHtoMRM technology was used in this experiment to further identify and trace the sources of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale produced in the same area using TOF and MS-MRM. After the conversion of the R package of SWATHtoMRM, 191 MRM pairs of positive ions and 96 pairs of negative ions were obtained. Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale can be separated very well using the PCA and PLS-DA analysis of MRM ion pairs; this shows that there are obvious differences in chemical composition between Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale, which clearly proves that the pseudotargeted metabolomics method based on SWATHtoMRM can be used for traceability identification research. A total of 146 characteristic compounds were obtained, with 20 characteristic compounds in Dendrobium devonianum. The enrichment pathways of the characteristic compounds were mainly concentrated in lipids and atherosclerosis, chagas disease, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, proteoglycans in cancer, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the sphingolipid signaling pathway, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arginine and proline metabolism, etc., among which the lipid and atherosclerosis pathways were more enriched, and 11 characteristic compounds affected the expression levels of IL-1, TNFα, CD36, IL-1β, etc. These can be used as a reference for research on variety improvement and active substance accumulation in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale.

Agroecosystems benefit from many ecosystem services and are frequently managed to increase productivity. In recent years, agricultural industrialization has caused the loss of some important ecosystem services in agroecosystems, hindering some sustainable development goals (SDGs). In order to promote sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to restore the damaged agroecosystems and improve agroecosystem services (AES). However, there are relatively few studies on AES, and fewer studies concerning the definition or connotation of AES. Therefore, this paper reviews current AES research, indicators, and assessment methods, as well as directions for future research. AES are determined by agroecosystem functions and human agricultural practices, with both positive and negative effects, scale effects, and trade-offs and synergies between AES. AES indicators can be classified as provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services, with a few studies including supporting services. Currently, the main AES assessment methods include public participation, empirical model, mechanism model, and value estimation. Multi-source data fusion for integrated models to assess multiple AES will be the future research trend. In addition, AES research should develop additional promising topics, including considering both AES and agroecosystem disservices (AEDS); assessing AES supply, demand, and flow; and analyzing AES trade-offs and synergies comprehensively. This will extend the research field to the links between AES and SDGs and their applications in agricultural landscape planning and governance. This review highlights the importance of AES research to more effectively manage agroecosystems and promote sustainable agricultural development.

With the vigorous development of Internet technology, great changes have taken place in all aspects of human society. This change is also having an increasingly significant impact on the education sector. It is even a trend to subvert the tradition. This also makes the student's identity a passive recipient of knowledge. At the same time, the final orientation of China's education model is the result of examinations, and there is little guidance for students' interest. Of course, traditional teaching also has the ability to enable students' subject knowledge to be systematically established, and to communicate with teachers in the teaching process, which can improve students' learning efficiency in the classroom. In the face of the information explosion in today's society and the rapid development of the above-mentioned technologies, the change of students' learning mode of knowledge has also ushered in an opportunity to change. The purpose of this paper is to study the establishment of a blended teaching model that combines traditional classrooms with network applications. With the help of the characteristics of network big data, it transforms students' passive learning identities, and combines offline traditional learning classrooms with online learning. In addition to the advantages mentioned above, the advantage of online learning is that some network science and technology can be used for the online learning platform to serve the entire teaching process. Therefore, this paper proposes a blended teaching model based on the network platform for students' emotion recognition and language learning result analysis. And from the experimental results in this paper, it can be seen that the recognition evaluation rate of HTMC, the feature of emotion recognition, is 71.52% and the recognition frequency of ETMC is 73.89%. The above two recognition parameters can better reflect the emotional changes in the mixed teaching process.

Abstract Background In the current study, we applied a combination of non-invasive neuromodulation modalities concurrently with multiple stimulating electrodes. Specifically, we used transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a novel strategy for improving lower limb spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) categorized on levels III–V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) with minimal side effects. Methods Sixty-three SCP children aged 2–12 years, who were classified on levels III–V of the GMFCS were randomly assigned to one of two groups, resulting in 32 children in the experimental group and 31 children in the control group. The experimental group underwent a combination therapy of tPCS (400 Hz, 1 mA cerebello-cerebral stimulation) and TENS (400 Hz, max 10 mA) for 30 min, followed by 30 min of physiotherapy five times per week for 12 weeks. The control group underwent physiotherapy only 30 mins per day five times per week for 12 weeks. In total, all groups underwent 60 treatment sessions. The primary outcome measures were the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS). Evaluations were performed 3 days before and after treatment. Results We found a significant improvement in MAS and MTS scores of the lower limbs in the experimental group compared to the control group in the hip adductors (Left: p = 0.002; Right: p = 0.002), hamstrings (Left: p = 0.001; Right: p

Miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) is a rare valuable tropical plant famous for a miraculous sweetening glycoprotein, miraculin, which can modify sour flavors to sweet flavors tasted by humans. Here, we present a chromosome-level high-quality genome of S. dulcificum with an assembly genome size of ∼550 Mb, contig N50 of ∼14.14 Mb, and 37,911 annotated protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. dulcificum was most closely related to Camellia sinensis and Diospyros oleifera, and that S. dulcificum diverged from the Diospyros genus ∼75.8 million years ago (MYA), and that C. sinensis diverged from Synsepalum ∼63.5 MYA. Ks assessment and collinearity analysis with S. dulcificum and other species suggested that a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event occurred in S. dulcificum and that there was good collinearity between S. dulcificum and Vitis vinifera. On the other hand, transcriptome and metabolism analysis with six tissues containing three developmental stages of fleshes and seeds of miracle fruit revealed that Gene Ontology (GO) terms and metabolic pathways of “cellular response to chitin,” “plant–pathogen interaction,” and “plant hormone signal transduction” were significantly enriched during fruit development. Interestingly, the expression of miraculin (Chr10G0299340) progressively increased from vegetative organs to reproductive organs and reached an incredible level in mature fruit flesh, with an fragments per kilobase of transcript per million (FPKM) value of ∼113,515, which was the most highly expressed gene among all detected genes. Combining the unique signal peptide and the presence of the histidine-30 residue together composed the main potential factors impacting miraculin’s unique properties in S. dulcificum. Furthermore, integrated analysis of weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), enrichment and metabolite correlation suggested that miraculin plays potential roles in regulating plant growth, seed germination and maturation, resisting pathogen infection, and environmental pressure. In summary, valuable genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolic resources provided in this study will promote the utilization of S. dulcificum and in-depth research on species in the Sapotaceae family.

With the advent of the 5G era, humans must not only learn the knowledge and skills of cross-border integration but must also get to grips with the breadth and efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in order to jointly overcome current difficulties and create a happy and beautiful life. In this article, we use the example of an elementary school to discuss the decision-making factors that influence teachers when choosing AI technology, where the digital content of schools is imported into artificial intelligence-based collaborative teaching. After discussing the relevant literature, this study will introduce the concept of digital media education, and then compare the development and application of smart technology and human-computer collaborative teaching methods, describing three key aspects and factors that influence elementary school teachers’ choice of AI technology. There are 12 evaluation criteria in total. After the completion of expert questionnaires and data analysis, it was found that the main factors affecting teachers’ choice of AI technology are “collaborative tasks,” “functional characteristics,” and “modeling characteristics.” In terms of evaluation criteria, the four most important aspects were found to be “learning assistance,” “security,” “teaching observation,” and “record review.” The results of this research analysis will help provide a reference for digital content development and individual recommendation services. In future work, this study can further discuss teaching innovations in digital media education, aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning.

Cities and urban areas are an important part of global sustainable development, and the health and well-being of urban residents are closely related to the quality, quantity, and diversity of urban ecosystem services. Although the rapid urbanization process has changed the structure and function of urban ecosystems, which is notably different from natural ecosystems, the affected ecosystem services and their interactions—the trade-off impact of urbanization intensity on ecosystem services—remain to be discussed. Using land use/land cover and impervious surface area remote sensing datasets, and InVEST and RUSLE-related ecosystem services models to evaluate seven typical ecosystem services in Shenzhen, this study explored the evolution of multiple ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies during the transition from a natural ecosystem to an urban ecosystem, and how they are affected by urbanization intensity through correlation analysis and a discrete time-step simulation model. The results show that: (1) from 1978 to 2018, in the process of ecosystem transformation, grain production dropped from 228,795 tons to 11,733 tons, fruit production peaked in 1990 at 271,508 tons, and service capacity of both showed obvious degradation. Conversely, the cultural service capacity was remarkably enhanced. (2) With the increase in urbanization level, the trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services gradually transition from linear to nonlinear. The rapid urbanization process drives the nonlinear degradation of ecosystem services and the nonlinear enhancement of synergy. (3) Over the past four decades, ecosystem service bundles within the same kilometer grid have shown a quadratic curve-like decrease with increasing impervious surface area, slowly in the early stages and faster in the later stages. This study concludes that urbanization intensity has a significant impact on ecosystem service trade-offs, which can provide support for the formulation of ecological protection and restoration strategies in territorial space based on ecosystem services.

Recently, scholars have begun to shift focus toward the effectiveness of different teaching methods for entrepreneurship education. However, the establishment of a unified and clear standard for the division of entrepreneurship educational methods remains unfulfilled, affecting the accuracy of research conclusions. In the present study, for the first time, the aim was to divide the entrepreneurship educational method into the classroom teaching method (CTM) and the extracurricular activity method (EAM) from the perspective of competency level training. On the basis of the modified planning behavior theory, the influence of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention (EI) was explored. In the present study, 514 college students of 14 universities in China were surveyed. The results reveal that the CTM and EAM had a direct positive bearing on EI, with indirect impact exerted by attitude toward entrepreneurship (ATE) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Although the direct effects of the two teaching methods were similar, EAM could effectively improve ATE and PBC, thereby resulting in a positive effect on EI to a greater extent. Further observations were made that the participation of research University students in CTM was significantly lower than that of applied University students, leading to lower EI. Additionally, higher EI could be attributed to the more active participation in EAM of male students than female students, while no significant difference was indicated between different majors in EI. The results are of significant reference value for promoting the reform of entrepreneurship education and improving the quality of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.

Rapid urbanization has created daunting challenges with respect to the demand for cultural ecosystem services (CES). Recreation is a special CES provided by the biophysical properties of parks in the city. However, assessment of the CES of parks remains challenges partly due to the lack of appropriated framework at community level, and partly because of paucity of information on park demand. This study uses spatially explicit approaches including recreation accessibility and potential indicators and multi-sources data such as crowd-sourced information form Point of Interests (POIs) to map the supply and demand for CES of parks. Then, the spatial statistics were used to identify unbalanced communities to reveal the pattern to support landscape planning at the city scale. The results show that 33.76% of Shenzhen’s community, concentrated in the central urban area, was characterized by a large supply of CES with a strong spatial aggregation. A total of 39.4% of the communities had high demand for CES, and were scattered in the central urban areas and suburbs. This mismatch in distribution shows that 29.8% of the communities had inadequate supply relative to demand. Moreover, 5% of the communities were prioritized to plan new parks while only 2.6% had the potential to share their services. The new park planning priority was determined according to the significance of low supply-high demand communities and its surroundings, which helped for local development planning. This study provides a comprehensive spatial way to make park planning and management in rapidly urbanizing areas.

Urbanization has changed the environmental conditions of vegetation growth, such as the heat island effect, which has an indirect impact on vegetation growth. However, the extent to which the direct and indirect effects of the thermal environment changes caused by urbanization on vegetation growth are unclear. In this study, taking the example of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, a fast-growing national urban agglomeration in China, the relationship between vegetation growth and warming conditions during the period from 2001 to 2020 were explored by the net primary productivity (NPP) and land surface temperature (LST), based on the vegetation growth theory, in urban environments. The results show that there is a significant exponential relationship between the warming and the growth of large-scale vegetation. This relationship is mainly attributable to thermal environmental factors, since their multi-year average contribution rate on the interannual scale is 95.02%. The contribution rate varies on the seasonal scale, according to which the contribution rate is the largest in autumn and the smallest in winter. This research is of great significance for predicting the potential response of vegetation growth to future climate warming and improving vegetation growth in urban areas.

ObjectiveTo study the dose-response relationship between different treatment parameters of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) and their effects on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy by the orthogonal design and to select the best parameter scheme for clinical efficacy.MethodsFrom March 2020 to December 2020, 80 children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into eight groups of 10 cases. Patients in each group received ESW with varying wave intensities (A), wave frequencies (B), number of shocks (C), and treatment frequencies (D), which were determined by a 4-factor-2-level orthogonal array design. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and GMFM were scored before and after the study, and the difference during the study was calculated to evaluate the performance of each group.ResultsThe R-value of ΔMAS was RA > RD > RC > RB and that of ΔGMFM was RA > RC > RD > RB. The influence of the two levels for each factor was A1 > A2, B2 > B1, C2 > C1, D2 > D1. By the analysis of variance, the differences in factors A, C, and D were statistically significant (P ConclusionESW is an effective treatment for spastic cerebral palsy and is worthy of clinical application.

Abstract Background The Questionnaire on Pain caused by Spasticity (QPS) is a modular patient- and observer-reported outcome measure of spasticity-related pain (SRP) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Originally developed for an English-speaking population, we conducted a psychometric validation of a recently developed Chinese language version of the QPS. Methods This was a prospective, observational study involving 137 children/adolescents with CP and upper and/or lower limb spasticity and their parents at three sites in China. Six QPS modules were used, three each for upper and lower limb SRP assessment: a patient self-report module; an interviewer-administered module used by site staff based on the cognitive, communicative, and motor abilities of a patient; and a parent/caregiver module administered for all children as an observer-reported outcome to complement the patient-reported outcome. If no assessment by the patient was possible because of age or cognitive impairments, only the parent/caregiver module was completed. Two visits with a 3-week interval provided data to evaluate and establish administrative ease of use, scoring of the QPS (factor analyses, Rasch analyses), reliability (Cronbach’s α, intraclass correlation coefficient), validity (correlations with quality of life [PedsQL™], motor impairment [Gross Motor Function Classification System, Gross Motor Function Measure-66, Manual Ability Classification System], and spasticity [Ashworth Scale, Modified Tardieu Scale]). Results For most children, clinic staff reported no difficulties associated with general QPS use or deciding which module to use. Children (and parents) who reported more demanding activities also reported higher levels of associated SRP (or observed SRP behavior). Activity-related SRP items were combined for a total QPS score. Cronbach’s α was low for child self-report, but was acceptable for interviewer-administered and parent reports on SRP. Test–retest reliability was high for all modules. Moderate–strong associations were frequently seen between QPS and quality of life, and were particularly strong in the child self-report group. Relatively weak associations were observed between QPS and motor impairment and spasticity. Conclusions This first study was successful in providing initial evidence for the psychometric properties. Clinic staff were able to administer the QPS modules easily, and both children and parents were able to complete the designated QPS appropriately.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the motor function of sling exercise therapy in children with cerebral palsy.Methods:Forty cases of cerebral palsy were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 20 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with basic rehabilitation, and sling exercise therapy was added to the observation group. Gross motor assessment scale (GMFM-88), Beijing Gesell scale (Gesell) and Berg balance scale were used to evaluate the motor function before and after trial.Results:The scores of GMFM-88, Gesell and Berg balance scale were improved after trial than those before treatment (PP

Studying the spatiotemporal changes of the northern limit of winter wheat (NLWW) in China is important to ensure regional food security and deal with the effects of climate change. Previous studies mainly used climate indicators to analyze the variation of the potential NLWW in different historical periods, while little attention has been paid to the actual migrations and changes of the NLWW. The objectives of the present study were three-fold: (i) to map the spatial distribution of winter wheat in northern China in 2001, 2007, 2014 and 2019; (ii) to extract the actual NLWW; and (iii) to quantitatively explore the dynamics of the NLWW. First, we adopted the “combining variations before and after estimated heading dates” method to map the winter wheat in northern China based on time series MODIS EVI2 data. Second, we used the kernel density estimation algorithm to extract the actual NLWW in four historical periods. Finally, the fishnet method was utilized to quantitatively analyze the direction and distance of the spatiotemporal changes of the NLWW. The results demonstrated that the NLWW has exhibited a marked fluctuating trend of migration southward, with a 37-km shift in latitude over the past 20 years. The elevation limit of winter wheat planting was around 1600 m; however, the centroid of winter wheat planting has shifted slowly to lower elevations. There was a gap between the actual NLWW and the potential NLWW. The reason for this gap was that the actual NLWW moved southward under the interacting effects of human activities and climate change, while the potential NLWW moved northward due to climate change. The results of this study are of great scientific value in the formulation of winter wheat planting strategies in climate-sensitive areas to respond to climate change and ensure food security.

To guarantee the normal functioning of quantum devices in different scenarios, appropriate benchmarking tool kits are quite significant. Inspired by the recent progress on quantum state verification, here we establish a general framework of verifying a target unitary gate. In both the nonadversarial and adversarial scenarios, we provide efficient methods to evaluate the performance of verification strategies for any qudit unitary gate. Furthermore, we figure out the optimal strategy and its realization with the prepare-and-measurement setting. Specifically, for the commonly used quantum gates like single-qubit and qudit gates, multiqubit Clifford gates, and multiqubit generalized controlled-Z(X) gates, we provide efficient local verification protocols. Besides, we discuss the application of gate verification to the detection of entanglement-preserving property of quantum channels, and further quantify the robustness measure of them. We believe that the gate verification is a promising way to benchmark a large-scale quantum circuit as well as to test its property.

Climate change continues to have a great impact on rice production in China, especially in Northeast China (NEC). Historical climate observations from the China Meteorological Administration and statistical agricultural records at the county level were utilized to evaluate the spatial and temporal effects of both climatic and socioeconomic factors on rice production between 1980 and 2010 in NEC by using a linear regression model. The results showed that a 1% increase in the rice accumulated temperature (RAT) significantly increases rice production by approximately 0.728%. Rising RAT over the past three decades increased rice production by 4.44% (equal to a relative contribution of 0.87% to production growth) in NEC, while the majority of rice production growth (79.6%) resulted from increased agricultural inputs. Furthermore, rice production has increased significantly since 2000, and its geographic centroid shifted over 320 km northeastward during the past 30 years. Historical statistical and simulated rice production data for each county were used to quantify the spatial relocation of rice production due to single climatic factors. During 1980–2010, temperature had a significant and coherent influence on moving rice production. The impact of growing season precipitation was not significant, while sunshine had a significant but less spatially coherent influence. Our findings highlight the response of the rice production system to external driving factors, both climate and socioeconomics, to target further research and provide important insights into how a rice cropping system is likely to adapt in a mid-high-latitude region in the future.

Objective:To observe the effect of physiotherapy combined with MOTOmed viva2 on motor function of children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods:Forty CPchildren were randomly assigned to MOTOmed group (n=20) and conventional therapygroup (n=20). The MOTOmed group received MOTOmed viva2 and conventional therapy, and the conventional therapy group received conventional therapy only. Two groups received therapy for twenty minutes each time, five times per week, twenty times for one small course, twenty days rest after each small course, and three small courses for a big course. Before and after one course of treatment, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), D and E dimensions of gross motor function measure (GMFM-88) and gait parameter of two groups were evaluated.Results:After one course of treatment, each index in the two groups had significant improved compared with that before treatment (PP