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ObjectiveExaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence. Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity (fatness) are independent contributors to cardiovascular risk, but their interrelated associations with exercise BP are unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationships between fitness, fatness, and the acute BP response to exercise in a large birth cohort of adolescents.Methods2292 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (aged 17.8 ± 0.4 years, 38.5% male) completed a sub-maximal exercise step test that allowed fitness (VO2 max) to be determined from workload and heart rate using a validated equation. Exercise BP was measured immediately on test cessation and fatness calculated as the ratio of total fat mass to total body mass measured by DXA.ResultsPost-exercise systolic BP decreased stepwise with tertile of fitness (146 (18); 142 (17); 141 (16) mmHg) but increased with tertile of fatness (138 (15); 142 (16); 149 (18) mmHg). In separate models, fitness and fatness were associated with post-exercise systolic BP adjusted for sex, age, height, smoking, and socioeconomic status (standardized β: −1.80, 95%CI: −2.64, −0.95 mmHg/SD and 4.31, 95%CI: 3.49, 5.13 mmHg/SD). However, when fitness and fatness were included in the same model, only fatness remained associated with exercise BP (4.65, 95%CI: 3.69, 5.61 mmHg/SD).ConclusionBoth fitness and fatness are associated with the acute BP response to exercise in adolescence. The fitness-exercise BP association was not independent of fatness, implying the cardiovascular protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness may only be realized with more favorable body composition.

The excellent catalyst need to meet low cost, long-time stability and high electrocatalytic activity in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC). Here, carbon nanotube-supported Pd-based (Pd/CNT, PdSn/CNT, PdNi/CNT and PdSnNi/CNT) catalysts were synthesized by microwave-assisted polyols and in-situ reduction. Compared with commercial Pd/C (JM), the as-prepared Pd-based catalysts have higher electrocatalytic activity and outstanding long-time durability toward ethanol electro-oxidation reaction in alkaline media. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Pd-based catalysts are owning to high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and modified electronic structure of Pd. After chronoamperometric test, the current densities of Pd-based catalysts can be reactivated by simple cycle potential scan in 1 M NaOH, which indicated that all of them have excellent resistance to CO poisoning.

The price’s change of traditional Chinese medicine contains linear, non-linear and other miscellaneous factors. It is difficult for people to use a separate model such as neural network model to judge its price trend. Based on the background, a combined forecasting model is proposed in this paper, it consists of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model and Elman neural network which is improved by correlation analysis. The combined forecasting model can use its two algorithm model to deal with the linear and nonlinear factors. Meanwhile, the innovation of this paper is using correlation analysis to import extra additional parameters for the neural network, which can increase its accuracy. A large number of traditional Chinese medicine’s price data was collected to be training samples, the final results show that the combined forecasting model has advantages over stability and accuracy than ARIMA or Elman neural network.

The incidence of stroke is high in China. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to strengthen the research on stroke and find more effective treatment methods for reducing the mortality of stroke and improving the quality of life of the people. At present, the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine in the clinical treatment of acute stroke has been widely studied, and a large number of clinical medical data and literature have been accumulated. These clinical medical literature provides rich clinical medical data and resources for the in-depth excavation and Research on the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of stroke and the research of drug compatibility. In this study, FP growth algorithm is used to analyze the correlation and compatibility of the collected data and prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine, and to obtain the correlation and compatibility rules between Chinese medicine prescriptions, which can provide reference for clinical patients and doctors in drug selection, and provide data analysis support for giving full play to the clinical efficacy and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of acute stroke.

PURPOSE: Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with altered cardiac structure and increased cardiovascular risk. Fitness modifies these associations, but the effect in healthy adolescents is unknown. We performed an observational study to determine the influence of fitness on post-exercise BP, and on its relationship with cardiac structure in adolescents.METHODS: 4835 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, (15.4 (0.3) years, 49% male) completed a submaximal cycle test. Fitness was estimated as physical work capacity 170 adjusted for lean body mass and post-exercise BP measured immediately posttest. Cardiovascular structure and function, including left ventricular (LV) mass (n = 1589), left atrium (LA) size (n = 1466), cardiac output (CO, n = 1610), and total peripheral resistance (TPR, n = 1610) were measured at rest by echocardiography 2.4 (0.4) years later.RESULTS: Post-exercise systolic BP increased stepwise by fitness tertile (131.2 mm Hg [130.4, 132.1]; 137.3 mm Hg [136.5, 138.0]; 142.3 mm Hg [141.5, 143.1]). Each 5 mm Hg of post-exercise systolic BP was associated with 2.46 g [1.91, 3.01] greater LV mass, 0.02 cm [0.02, 0.03] greater LA size, and 0.25 g/m2.7 [0.14, 0.36] greater LV mass index. Adjustment for fitness abolished associations (0.29 g [-0.16, 0.74]; 0.01 cm [-0.001, 0.014] and 0.08 g/m2.7 [-0.001, 0.002]). Similar associations between post-exercise systolic BP and each outcome were found between the lowest and highest fitness thirds. CO increased with fitness third (difference 0.06 L/min [-0.05, 0.17]; 0.23 L/min [0.12, 0.34]) while TPR decreased (difference -0.13 mm Hg·min/L [-0.84,0.59]; -1.08 mm Hg·min/L [-0.1.80, 0.35]).CONCLUSIONS: Post-exercise systolic BP increased with fitness, which modified its association with cardiac structure. Higher CO, but lower TPR suggests a physiologically adapted cardiovascular system with greater fitness, highlighting the importance of fitness in adolescence.

In this paper, we derive a fractional integral identity concerning three times differentiable generalized preinvex mappings defined on m-invex set. By using of this identity, we obtain new estimates on generalization of trapezium-like inequalities for functions whose third order derivatives are generalized (m,h1,h2)-preinvex via Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. Some interesting special cases of our main result are also considered and shown to be connected with certain known ones.

Objective: To evaluate the medical service capability of TCM hospitals in China from 2008 to 2017 comprehensively, and provide reference for decision-making. Methods: TOPSIS method, rank sum ratio method and the fuzzy combined method of them are used for comprehensive evaluation. Results: The medical service capability of TCM hospitals has been continuously improved from 2008 to 2017, but the utilization rate of hospital beds is low, and the medical service efficiency needs to be further improved. Conclusion: The evaluation results of TOPSIS method, rank sum ratio method and fuzzy combined method of them are basically consistent. The fuzzy combined method of TOPSIS and rank sum ratio can reflect the medical service capability of TCM hospitals in a more scientific, objective and comprehensive way and it is suitable for popularization and application in the evaluation of medical service capability in hospitals.

PURPOSE Masked hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular risk but is undetectable by clinic blood pressure (BP). Elevated systolic BP responses to submaximal exercise reveal the presence of masked hypertension in adults, but it is unknown whether this is the case during adolescence. We aimed to determine if exercise BP was raised in adolescents with masked hypertension, and its association with cardiovascular risk markers. METHODS A total of 657 adolescents (aged 17.7 ± 0.3 years; 41.9% male) from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) completed a step-exercise test with pre-, post-, and recovery-exercise BP, clinic BP and 24-hour ambulatory BP. Masked hypertension was defined as clinic BP

Purpose: To evaluate the medical service ability of TCM hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China, and to provide reference for promoting the improvement of medical service ability. Methods: Entropy weight TOPSIS method and RSR method are used to compare and evaluate the medical service ability of TCM hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China in 2017. Result: Empowerment results with entropy weight method show that the weights of four dimensions of the evaluation indicator system of medical service ability in TCM hospitals are 0.1206, 0.3345, 0.2779 and 0.2670, respectively. The weights of evaluation indicators X1-X10 are 0.0786, 0.0419, 0.1250, 0.0909, 0.1186, 0.1409, 0.1370, 0.0723, 0.0354 and 0.1592, respectively. According to the sorting and classification results based on TOPSIS method and RSR method, Beijing and Zhejiang are the areas with the strongest medical service ability; the areas with stronger medical service ability are Jiangsu, Guangdong, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Hunan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangxi, Anhui and Tianjin; the areas with poor service ability include Ningxia, Yunnan, Gansu, Jiangxi, Hebei, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Shanxi, Qinghai and Hainan; Inner Mongolia is the area with the worst medical service ability in 2017. Conclusion: There is a big gap in the medical service ability of TCM hospitals in different regions. It is suggested that effective measures should be taken to narrow the gap between regions. Including: Strengthening the construction of TCM personnel team and allocating the TCM human resources rationally; enhancing the attraction of TCM hospitals to patients and increasing the volume of medical services; strengthening macro-control and promoting the balanced development of various service abilities.

Objective: Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with higher left-ventricular mass index (LVMI). Paradoxically, exercise BP and LVMI may be higher with greater fitness, but underlying factors are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the influence of fitness on exercise BP and its relationship with LVMI in adolescents. Methods: 4835 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, aged 15.4(0.3) years, 49% male completed a submaximal cycle test. Exercise BP was measured immediately on test cessation and fitness calculated as physical work capacity 170 adjusted for lean body-mass. LVMI (n = 1589), cardiac output (CO, n = 1628) and total peripheral resistance (TPR, n = 1628) were measured by echocardiography 2.4 (0.4) years later. Results: Each unit of fitness was associated with a 6.46 mmHg increase (95% CI: 5.83, 7.09) in exercise systolic BP. Exercise systolic BP increased step-wise by third of fitness (difference 6.06 mmHg, 95% CI:4.99, 7.13 first vs. middle; 11.13 mmHg, 10.05, 12.20 middle vs. highest). Each 5 mmHg increase in exercise systolic BP was associated with 0.25 g/m2. 7 (0.16–0.35) greater LVMI, attenuated with adjustment for fitness. There was evidence of an interaction between fitness and exercise BP on LVMI, more-marked in the middle fitness third (difference -0.27g/m2.7, -0.51,0.04 vs. first third), but similar in lowest and highest fitness thirds. CO increased (difference 0.06 L/min, -0.05,0.17; 0.23 L/min, 0.12,0.34), TPR decreased (difference -0.13AU, -0.84,0.59; -1.08AU, -0.1.80,-0.35 with fitness. Conclusion: Fitness may modify associations between exercise BP and LVMI in adolescence. Higher CO, but lower TPR suggests a physiological exercise BP-LVMI relationship with higher fitness, rather than pathological elevations in exercise BP and LVMI.

Objective: Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence. Aerobic fitness and adiposity (fat mass or ‘fatness’) are important independent contributors to cardiovascular risk in adolescence, but their interrelated associations with exercise BP are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the respective relationship between fitness, fatness and exercise BP in a large birth cohort of adolescents. Methods: 2356 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (aged 17.8 ± 0.4 years, 38.5% male) completed a submaximal exercise step-test that allowed fitness (VO2max) to be determined from workload and heart rate using a validated equation. Exercise BP was measured immediately on test cessation and fatness calculated as the ratio of total fat mass to total body mass measured by DXA. Results: Exercise systolic BP decreased stepwise with each tertile of fitness (146 [144, 147]; 142 [141, 144]; 141 [139, 142] mmHg), but increased with each tertile of fatness (137 [135, 138]; 143 [142, 144]; 148 [147, 149] mmHg). In separate models, fitness and fatness were independently associated with exercise systolic BP after adjustment for sex, age, height, smoking and socioeconomic status (standardised β: −1.97, 95% CI: −2.90, − 1.04 mmHg/SD and 5.69, 95% CI: 4.61, 6.77 mmHg/SD respectively). However, when fitness and fatness were included in the same model, only fatness remained independently associated with exercise BP (6.15, 95% CI: 4.88, 7.41 mmHg/SD). Conclusion: Both fitness and fatness are associated with exercise BP in adolescence. However, the fitness-exercise BP association was not independent of fatness, suggesting fatness accounts for the association with exercise BP.

Microalgae as sources for biodiesel production have been widely investigated. Microalgae biomass, lipid content and fatty acid profiles of microalgae are limiting factors for the cost-effective production of biodiesel. In this paper, the effects of high ferric ion concentrations on three species of microalgae (Tetraselmis subcordiformis, Nannochloropsis oculata and Pavlova viridis) were studied. The microalgae were cultured in different concentrations (1.2 × 10−2, 1.2 × 10−1, 1.2 and 12 mmol L−1) of ferric ion. The growth, lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the three microalgae were analysed. When algae were cultured in 1.2 mmol L−1 ferric ion for 10 days, the final cell density and specific growth rates of T. subcordiformis, N. oculata and P. viridis decreased significantly (p

To improve the properties of microalgae as sources for biodiesel production, three microalgae (Tetraselmis subcordiformis SHOU-S05, Nannochloropsis oculata SHOU-S14 and Pavlova viridis SHOU-S16) were cultured in media supplemented with different amounts of nitrogen (0, 0.22, 0.44, 0.88 and 1.76 mmol N·L−1). The growth, total lipid contents, lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of the three microalgae were assayed after 10 days of cultivation. The results indicated that the specific growth rates of T. subcordiformis, N. oculata and P. viridis were lowest (0.014, 0.033 and 0.018, respectively) in the treatments without nitrogen supplementation and increased significantly with increasing nitrogen supplementation. The microalgae treated with 0.22 mmol N·L−1 had the highest total lipid contents, which were 29.77, 35.85 and 32.10 % in T. subcordiformis, N. oculata and P. viridis, respectively. The total lipid contents as well as the proportions of neutral lipid in the three microalgae decreased significantly with increasing nitrogen supplementation between 0.22 and 1.76 mmol N·L−1. The fatty acid profiles of the three microalgae were significantly different. The obvious characteristic of the fatty acid profile of T. subcordiformis was a high amount (17.68–22.22 %) of 18:3n3. However, EPA (C20:5n3) and C16 fatty acids were significantly high in N. oculata and P. viridis, respectively. N. oculata and P. viridis accumulated more 16-carbon fatty acids and fewer polyunsaturated fatty acids in nitrogen-limited media. It is therefore suggested that a limited nitrogen treatment is effective for improving the properties of P. viridis and N. oculata as sources for biodiesel.

A novel activated carbon has been prepared by simple carbonization and activation of phenol–melamine–formaldehyde resin which is synthesized by the condensation polymerization method. The morphology, thermal stability, surface area, elemental composition and surface chemical composition of samples have been investigated by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Electrochemical properties have been studied by cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in 6 mol L−1 potassium hydroxide. The activated carbon shows good capacitive behavior and the specific capacitance is up to 210 F g−1, which indicates that it may be a promising candidate for supercapacitors.

A novel activated nitrogen-containing carbon anode material has been prepared by carbonization and activation of phenol-melamine-formaldehyde resin which is synthesized by the condensation polymerization method. The physicochemical properties of the carbon were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. Lithium storage performances have been analyzed by galvanostatic charge/discharge and cycle performance. The carbonization sample shows a first discharge capacity of 515 mAh g −1 . After activation, the first discharge capacity is up to 917 mAh g −1 , the reversible capacity is still as high as 251 mAh g − 1 after 20 cycles. It may be a promising candidate as anode material for lithium secondary batteries.

Carbon nanotubes with large surface area and surface nitrogen and oxygen functional groups are prepared by carbonizing and activating of polyaniline nanotubes, which is synthesized by polymerization of aniline with the self-assembly method in aqueous media. The physicochemical properties of the carbon nanotubes are characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, elemental analyses and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The surface area and pore diameter are 618.9 m2 g−1 and 3.10 nm. The electrochemical properties of the carbon nanotubes as anode materials in lithium ion batteries are evaluated. At a current density of 100 mA g−1, the activated carbon nanotube shows an enormously first discharge capacity of about 1370 mAh g−1 and a charge capacity of 907 mAh g−1. After 20 cycling tests, the activated carbon nanotube retains a reversible capacity of 728 mAh g−1. These indicate it may be a promising candidate for an anode material for lithium secondary batteries.

Microporous carbon with large surface area was prepared from polyaniline base using K2CO3 as an activating agent. The physicochemical properties of the carbon were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, elemental analyses and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. The electrochemical properties of the microporous carbon as anode material in lithium ion secondary battery were evaluated. The first discharge capacity of the microporous carbon was 1108 mAh g−1, whose first charge capacity was 624 mAh g−1, with a coulombic efficiency of 56.3%. After 20 cycling tests, the microporous carbon retains a reversible capacity of 603 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. These results clearly demonstrated the potential role of microporous carbon as anode for high capacity lithium ion secondary battery.

Polyaniline nanotubes were prepared by the template-free self-assembly method in various aqueous media. Typically, polyaniline synthesized in methanol solution has a carambola-like shape covered with some nanotubes, and those obtained in acetic acid are short nanotubes accompanied with lots of nanoparticles. When appropriate mixed solution was used, uniform and long polyaniline nanotubes were obtained. The impact of proportion of methanol and acid was illustrated as well as the synergetic effect of these two components. The morphology evolution during the polymerization process was also investigated. SEM images clearly demonstrate that polyaniline nanotubes form through a self-curling behavior. The structure features of end products in various aqueous media and intermediates in the optimum mixed solution were surveyed by FTIR.

Activated carbon for supercapacitor electrode was prepared from polyaniline using chemical activation with ZnCl2. The morphology, surface chemical composition, and surface area of the as-prepared carbon materials were investigated by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement, respectively. Electrochemical characteristics were evaluated by cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests in 6.0 mol L−1 KOH aqueous solution. The electrochemical measurements showed that ZnCl2 activation led to better capacitive performances. The activated carbon presented a high-specific gravimetric capacitance of 174 F g−1, with rectangular cyclic voltammetry curves at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1, and it remained 93% even at a high scan rate of 50 mV s−1. These demonstrated that activated carbon would be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.

Amorphous manganese dioxide is prepared by reaction of potassium permanganate with an organic reductant triethanolamine. The effect of heat-treatment temperature is studied on the characteristics of the materials. Power X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N2 adsorption and desorption measurements are employed to investigate crystalline structure, surface morphology, the specific surface area and the pore size distribution. It is found that when the annealing temperature reaches up to 400 °C, the crystalline convert to α-MnO2 from amorphous MnO2. The electrochemical characteristics of the prepared MnO2 powder are characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), experiments in 1.0 mol L−1 Na2SO4 electrolyte. The specific capacitance (SC) value is 251 F g−1 that is obtained from the product annealing at 350 °C at a CV scan rate of 2 mV s−1. And charging–discharging measurement reveals the good stability of the prepared material.

An activated carbon was prepared from a polyaniline base using K2CO3 as an activating agent. The morphology, surface chemical composition, and surface area of the as-prepared carbon materials were investigated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement, respectively. Electrochemical properties of the as-prepared sample were studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in 6 mol L−1 KOH aqueous solution. Compared with the non-activated carbon, activated carbon showed superior capacitive performance. The activation carbon presented a high specific gravimetric capacitance of 210 F g−1. The good electrochemical performance of the activated carbon was ascribed to well-developed micropores, high surface area, the presence of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups, and larger pore volume.

Doped carbons have been prepared from polyaniline for supercapacitors. The morphology of samples has been characterized by scanning electron microscope, the surface chemical composition of samples has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the surface area of samples has been calculated by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement. Electrochemical properties have been studied by cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in 6 mol L−1 potassium hydroxide. Their charge storage performance has been evaluated, and the effect of nitrogen atomic functionalities on the pseudocapacitive property has been studied. The experimental results have proved two mechanisms of energy storage in doped carbons: double-layer formation and pseudocapacitance. The overall specific capacitance of doped unactivated carbon is mainly attributed to pseudocapacitance, that of doped activated carbon prepared by physical activation is attributed to the synergic effect of pseudocapacitance and double-layer capacitance, but that of doped activated carbon prepared by chemical activation is mainly attributed to double-layer capacitance.

A novel doped activated carbon has been prepared from H 2 SO 4 -doped polyaniline which is prepared by the oxypolymerization of aniline. The morphology, surface chemical composition and surface area of the carbon have been investigated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunaner–Emmett–Teller measurement, respectively. Electrochemical properties of the doped activated carbon have been studied by cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in 6 mol l −1 KOH. The specific capacitance of the carbon is as high as 235 F g −1 , the specific capacitance hardly decreases at a high current density 11 A g −1 after 10,000 cycles, which indicates that the carbon possesses excellent cycle durability and may be a promising candidate for supercapacitors.

Novelcarbonmaterials containing heteroatoms (nitrogen and oxygen) were prepared by carbonizing H2SO4-doped polyaniline at different temperatures. The morphology, elemental composition, surface chemical composition, and surface area of the as-prepared samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements. Electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the carbon prepared by carbonizing polyaniline at 800 ℃ has good electrochemical performance and its specific capacitance value is as high as 153 F•g^(-1) under a current density of 0.5 A•g^(-1), although it has a low specific surface area (325 m^2•g^(-1)).The high specific capacitance of this carbon is believed to be due to its proper proportion of heteroatoms (nitrogen and oxygen), which provide a large amount of pseudo-capacitance. This kind of carbon material can thus be used as a promising electrode material in supercapacitors.

Nanostructured manganese oxides/exfoliated graphite composite (MnO2/EG) were synthesized via a new sol–gel route. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed for surface morphology and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for structure characterization. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge, and the electrochemical impedance measurements were applied to investigate the electrochemical performance of the MnO2/EG composite electrodes. When used for electrodes of supercapacitors, the as-prepared MnO2/EG and the pure MnO2 exhibited excellent capacitance characteristics in 6 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte and showed high specific capacitance values of 398 F g−1and 326 F g−1,respectively, at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1. The galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements showed approximately 0.5% loss of capacitance after 500 cycles, and charge–discharge efficiency above 99%. In addition, the synthesized nanomaterial showed a good reversibility and cycling stability.