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Developing high‐performance infrared (IR) radiation materials with desired broadband emissivity, excellent thermal stability, and scalable fabrication processes is highly desirable for energy‐saving applications and heat dissipation. However, it remains a grand challenge to concurrently meet these requirements in existing IR radiation materials. Herein, a high‐entropy (HE) approach is employed to advance the IR radiation performance of spinel oxide. This strategy efficiently narrows the bandgap due to the enhanced electron transitions and the introduction of oxygen vacancies (Ov), variable‐valence behavior, and orbital hybridization. In addition, the lattice distortion effect lowers the symmetry of lattice vibration. Therefore, the resulting HE spinel oxide exhibits near‐blackbody radiation performance, with its emissivity approximately three times higher than that of the binary spinel oxide. Moreover, the entropy‐dominating phase stabilization effect contributes to impressive thermal stability (stable at 1300 °C for 100 h). This makes it suitable for high‐temperature thermal radiation applications, such as energy conservation in industrial high‐temperature furnaces. More importantly, the HE spinel oxide can be readily spray‐coated on various substrates. And the coating on stainless steel reaches an outstanding emissivity of 0.943 in the 0.78−16 µm wavelength range. All these merits render the HE approach competitive for the development of high‐emissivity and thermally stable thermal radiation materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether photosynthesis has improved with increasing yield in major crops remains controversial. Research in this area has often neglected to account for differences in light intensity experienced by cultivars released in different years. Light intensity is expected to be positively associated with photosynthetic capacity and the resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light but negatively associated with light-utilization efficiency under low light. Here, we analyzed the light environment, photosynthetic activity, and protein components of leaves of 26 winter wheat cultivars released during the past 60 years in China. Over time, light levels on flag leaves significantly decreased due to architectural changes, but photosynthetic rates under high or low light and the resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light remained steady, contrary to expectations. We propose that the difference between the actual and expected trends is due to breeding. Specifically, breeding has optimized photosynthetic performance under high light rather than low light. Moreover, breeding selectivity altered the stoichiometry of several proteins related to dynamic photosynthesis, canopy light distribution, and photoprotection. These results indicate that breeding has significantly altered the photosynthetic mechanism in wheat and its response to the light environment. These changes likely have helped increase wheat yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Support vector machine (SVM) parameter optimization selection is an important research direction, but there is still no systematic theory to guide the selection of the SVM parameters. Since optimizing the SVM parameters by the artificial fish-swarm algorithm tends to fall into the small neighborhood of the approximate optimal solution, we design the AFMC algorithm for the SVM parameter optimization. At the early stage, we use the better parallel optimization performance of the fish-swarm algorithm to quickly gain the approximate optimal solution. Then we use the MonteCarlo algorithm for local searching to achieve a quick and effective strong-approximate optimal solution. The numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm has better classification performance and faster searching speed, and it is effective and feasible in the SVM parameter optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solving a large-scale convex quadratic programming problem is the core of the support vector machine. An equivalence complementarity problem can be obtained based on an amended model of the support vector machine(SVM), therefore we propose a non-monotonic trust region algorithm for solving the complementarity problem based on the Fischer-Burmeister complementarity function. The new algorithm need not compute any Hesse or the inverse matrix, thus reducing the amount of computational work. Global convergence of the algorithm is proved without any assumptions. Numerical experiments show that the running speed of the algorithm is faster than that of the LSVM algorithm and the descent algorithm when solving large-scale nonlinear classification problems and thus it provides a feasible method for solving SVM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the relationship between the lipid composition in thylakoid membrane and thermostability of photosynthetic apparatus, tobacco transformed with sweet pepper sense glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase ( GPAT) gene were used to analyze the lipid composition in thylakoid membrane, the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under high temperature stress. The results showed that the saturated extent of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in thylakoid membrane of transgenic tobacco T1 lines increased generally. Particularly, the saturated extent in MGDG increased obviously by 16.2% and 12.0% in T1-2 and T1-1, respectively. With stress temperature elevating, the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry ( Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light (Φ PSII) and net photosynthetic rate ( Pn) of the two lines and wild type tobacco plants decreased gradually, but those parameters decreased much less in transgenic plants. Even though the recovery process appeared differently in the donor and acceptor side of PSII in transgenic tobacco compared with wild-type plants, the entire capability of PSII recovered faster in transgenic tobacco, which was shown in the parameters of PI, Fv/Fm and Φ PSII, as a result, the recovery of Pn was accelerated. Conclusively, we proposed that the increase in saturated extent of thylakoid membrane lipids in transgenic plants enhanced the stability of photosynthetic apparatus under high temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]