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When solving shifted linear systems using shifted Krylov subspace methods, selecting a seed system is necessary, and an unsuitable seed may result in many shifted systems being unsolved. To avoid this problem, a seed‐switching technique has been proposed to help switch the seed system to another linear system as a new seed system without losing the dimension of the constructed Krylov subspace. Nevertheless, this technique requires collinear residual vectors when applying Krylov subspace methods to the seed and shifted systems. Since the product‐type shifted Krylov subspace methods cannot provide such collinearity, these methods cannot use this technique. In this article, we propose a variant of the shifted BiCGstab method, which possesses the collinearity of residuals, and apply the seed‐switching technique to it. Some numerical experiments show that the problem of choosing the initial seed system is circumvented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elucidating the physiological and ecological mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination is of great significance for species conservation and the application of plant resources. Based on Baskin and Baskin's classification system for seed dormancy, the cause of dormancy in Tarenaya hassleriana (Cleomaceae) seeds was studied using alternating temperature, cold moist stratification, dry storage, and GA3 soaking treatment. The results indicated that fresh mature T. hassleriana seeds had a combinational dormancy, including a physical dormancy and a type 2 non-deep physiological dormancy, and were photoblastic, with an optimal germination temperature of 35°C. In addition, fresh mature T. hassleriana seeds may be efficiently released from dormancy and promoted to germinate by an alternating temperature of 20 °C/30 °C, cold moist stratification, and cold moist stratification following dry storage. Furthermore, GA3 soaking treatment could also promote dormancy release and subsequent germination at 35 °C, and dry storage treatment could promote dormancy release and subsequent germination at 5-15 °C. These results also suggested that there were complex cross-talks among phytohormone, osmotic potential, and the temperature signaling regulatory pathways during dormancy release and germination of T. hassleriana seeds, which deserve further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We sought to determine the effects of 12 months of power training on cognition, and whether improvements in body composition, muscle strength, and/or aerobic capacity (VO2peak) were associated with improvements in cognition in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants with T2D were randomized to power training or low-intensity sham exercise control condition, 3 days per week for 12 months. Cognitive outcomes included memory, attention/speed, executive function, and global cognition. Other relevant outcomes included VO2peak, strength, and whole body and regional body composition. One hundred and three adults with T2D (mean age 67.9 years; standard deviation [SD] 5.9; 50.5% women) were enrolled and analyzed. Unexpectedly, there was a nearly significant improvement in global cognition (p = .05) in the sham group relative to power training, although both groups improved over time (p < .01). There were significant interactions between group allocation and body composition or muscle strength in the models predicting cognitive changes. Therefore, after stratifying by group allocation, improvements in immediate memory were associated with increases in relative skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.38, p = .03), reductions in relative body fat (r = -0.40, p = .02), and increases in knee extension strength were directly related to changes in executive function (r = -0.41, p = .02) within the power training group. None of these relationships were present in the sham group (p > .05). Although power training did not significantly improve cognition compared to low-intensity exercise control, improvements in cognitive function in older adults were associated with hypothesized improvements in body composition and strength after power training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, significant progress has been made in output regulation for systems described by partial differential equations (PDEs) through the active disturbance rejection control approach (ADRC). However, in all these studies, the disturbance typically manifests in a single channel and requires estimation, often necessitating additional measured signals. This is because the disturbance must be identified through the output. In this paper, we approach this problem from a novel perspective: disturbances occur in all channels, yet few measured signals are required. In most cases, only the tracking error is utilized as the measured signal. This marks a significant advancement in the application of ADRC to PDEs. We primarily demonstrate this approach by addressing the output tracking problem for a multi-dimensional heat equation, considering general disturbances across all possible channels. Additionally, we briefly discuss some other one-dimensional problems studied in the literature, such as the one-dimensional wave equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Richardson extrapolation technique is employed to investigate the local ultraconvergence properties of Lagrange finite element method using piecewise polynomials of degrees k (k≥2) for the second order elliptic problem with inhomogeneous boundary. A sequence of special graded partition TNs are proposed and a new interpolation operator is introduced to achieve 2k order local ultraconvergence for the displacement and derivative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The displacement and gradient of a finite element solution are of primary interest and a high accuracy displacement and gradient approximation are always desirable in scientific computing. In this paper, we introduce a new state of the art way to reconstruct a high accuracy approximated gradient. The proposed method inherits the advantages of both the extrapolation technique and the interpolation post-processing technique. We theoretically justify the fifth-order local ultraconvergence of the post-processing gradient. In the meanwhile, an ultraconvergent displacement can be obtained from this post-processing procedure. The theoretical result is numerically verified and validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Middle and low frequency band sound waves have strong penetration and diffraction abilities during the propagation process, making it difficult to attenuate. The control of middle and low frequency broadband sound waves has become a challenging topic. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new materials or structures with middle and low frequency sound absorption, insulation, and noise reduction functions. The special properties of acoustic metamaterial provide new ideas for the development of sound absorption and insulation. In order to effectively control the noise in the lower frequency band, a new spatial spiral acoustic metamaterial was designed. First, the mechanism of band gap characteristics of a new spatial spiral acoustic metamaterial is analyzed. Then, a new spatial spiral acoustic metamaterial is completed through the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics and the calculation and analysis of sound absorption and insulation performance in the 100–2500 Hz frequency band are completed. With the help of 3D printing, the preparation of metamaterial is completed, and the comparative experimental study of sound absorption and insulation performance of spiral acoustic metamaterial is carried out to verify the accuracy of the calculation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we will investigate the local ultraconvergence of the displacement and derivative of finite element solution using piecewise polynomials of degrees k (k ≥ 2) by Richardson extrapolation operators P1k and P2k presented in He et al. for second‐order elliptic problems with singularity. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the theoretic findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The turbine vane fluid-structure interaction conjugate heat transfer was studied. • The test vane is thermally protected by film and impingement cooling structure. • The integrated cooling effectiveness growth rate decreases as the MFR increase. • To ensure a better overall cooling effect, the MFR should be at least 4.0% or more. • An empirical correlation with the integrated cooling effectiveness was proposed. To investigate the effect of mass flow ratios on the conjugate heat transfer of an air-cooled turbine vane, the surface static pressure test experiments and heat transfer experiments at medium-temperature (407.3 K) and medium-pressure (98.49 kPa) were conducted. An infrared thermal imager was used in the experiments to measure the temperature distribution of the test vane's outside surface. The effects of MFR (mass flow ratio), and mainstream Reynolds number were investigated. The experimental results show that the vane surface temperature is affected by both internal and external cooling. When the MFR was relatively small (MFR =1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%), the integrated cooling effectiveness on the pressure surface gradually decreased along the coolant passage. At the same MFR , due to the different flow states on the vane surface, the integrated cooling effectiveness corresponding to the maximum mainstream inlet Reynolds number (2.64 × 105) was the smallest, and the cooling effect deteriorated most noticeably at the leading edge. The cooling effect deterioration at the leading edge occurred when the MFR was lower than 4.0%. In addition, the growth rate of integrated cooling effectiveness prior to MFR =4% was significantly higher than that after 4.0%. When the MFR increased from 1.0% to 4.0%, the integrated cooling effectiveness increased by 89.8% with a faster growth rate, whereas it only increased by 14.9% when the MFR increased from 4.0% to 7.0%. An empirical correlation of the spanwise-averaged cooling effectiveness was also obtained. The mean relative error of the pressure surface was 7.64%, and that for suction surface was 3.27%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, dual-cooled solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus was attempted and developed for the extraction of essential oil from S. officinalis . The parameters of dual-cooled SFME were investigated by Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology. Well-fitting model for the dual-cooled SFME was successfully established and verified. The proposed procedure highly accelerated the extraction process and was highlighted with high yield by reducing the heat loss. Moreover, higher amounts of more odoriferous oxygenated monoterpenes and lower amounts of terpene hydrocarbons were present in the essential oils extracted by SFME and dual-cooled SFME in comparison with hydrodistillation (HD), and dual-cooled SFME better prevented the thermal reaction. The essential oils obtained showed outstanding activity against Bacilus subtillis and Staphylococcus epidermidis . Accordingly, dual-cooled SFME represents a more effective and excellent alternative for the preparation of plant essential oil, and S. officinalis essential oil was a potential natural source of antimicrobial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the demands for screening out the optimal utilization channel for biomass from wheat straw, a number of researches have been reported in the comprehensive utilization about wheat straw including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. By reviewing the research status, processing method and comprehensive application of wheat straw, this paper summarizes the application fields, main pretreatment processing methods and bio-products of wheat straw. The paper also detailed novel pretreatment methods and bio-products during the comprehensive utilization of wheat straw. The assessment of more effective pretreatment methods has enabled the examination of wheat straw materials’ potential in the field of lignocellulose that, today, is little exploited. Bioconversion of lignocellulose to bioproducts e.g. bioethanol, biohydrogen and bio-composites has made achievements, however, several limitations such as pretreatment methods remain to be solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable construction of high activity and low cost non-noble metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is of great importance for the wide application of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Using bimetallic MOF as a precursor combined with electrospinning, high-temperature carbonization and electrodeposition, we successfully developed a porous carbon nanofiber (Co@Fe-CNFs-1000) with bimetallic active center as an efficient catalyst for ORR. The successful construction of this special core-shell structure directly explores the synergy between different active centers. The results showed that the synthesized Co@Fe-CNFs-1000 catalyst exhibited ORR performance comparable to that of Pt/C in 0.1 mol/L KOH electrolyte, high half-wave potential (E1/2=0.81 V) and limiting current density (JL=5.4 mA-cm−2). In addition, homemade liquid ZABs with Co@Fe-CNFs-1000 as the air cathode showed excellent power density (155.8 mW·cm−2), specific capacity (780.6 mAh·gZn−1) and long-term stability (over 100 h at 2 mA·cm−2), surpassing even Pt/C-based batteries. In addition, the flexible solid-state ZABs assembled based on Co@Fe-CNFs-1000 demonstrates excellent flexibility and durability. This work provides a new idea for constructing ORR catalysts with high activity centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heat transfer of supercritical pressure hydrocarbon fuel in horizontal flow was studied. • The first use of transverse corrugated tubes to enhance the convective heat transfer of hydrocarbon fuel. • Effects of experimental parameters on convective heat transfer characteristics were discussed. • Sharp variation of thermophysical properties near pseudo-temperature was the key factor to influence heat transfer. To improve the heat transfer performance of regenerative fuel cooling technology and CCA (Cooled Cooling Air) technology, the convective heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel in transverse corrugated tubes under supercritical pressures were experimentally studied. The length, outer and inner diameter of the test tubes were 200 mm, 3 mm, and 2 mm, respectively, and the corrugation depth was 0.4 mm. The corrugation pitches of different transverse corrugated tubes were 30, 40, and 50 mm, respectively. The effects of heat flux, system pressure, mass flow rate, inlet temperature, buoyancy, and corrugation pitch are summarized. Experimental results indicated that the secondary flow and backflow are generated behind the concave corrugation, which can destroy the fluid boundary layer, make the fluid mixing more uniform, reduce the temperature gradient of the boundary layer, and enhance heat transfer. An average HTC (heat transfer coefficient) was increased by 35–51% compared with the plain tube. In addition, a ratio of Gr (Grashof number) to the square of Re (Reynolds number) was used as the criterion for evaluating the effect of buoyancy force. Gr ⋅ Re −2 near the corrugation was much smaller than in other locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the thermodynamic stabilities of uncharged and charged black holes surrounded by quintessence (BHQ) by means of effective thermodynamic quantities. When the state parameter of quintessence $$\omega _q$$ is appropriately chosen, the structures of BHQ are something like that of black holes in de Sitter space. Constructing the effective first law of thermodynamics in two different ways, we can derive the effective thermodynamic quantities of BHQ. Especially, these effective thermodynamic quantities also satisfy Smarr-like formulae. It is found that the uncharged BHQ is always thermodynamically unstable due to negative heat capacity, while for the charged BHQ there are phase transitions of the second order. We also show that there are several differences on the thermodynamic properties and critical behaviors of BHQ between the two ways we employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is much recent interest in graphene-based composite electrode materials because of their excellent mechanical strengths, high electron mobilities, and large specific surface areas. These materials are good candidates for applications in supercapacitors. In this work, a new graphene-based electrode material for supercapacitors was fabricated by anchoring carbon dots (CDs) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The capacitive properties of electrodes in aqueous electrolytes were systematically studied by galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The capacitance of rGO was improved when an appropriate amount of CDs were added to the material. The CD/rGO electrode exhibited a good reversibility, excellent rate capability, fast charge transfer, and high specific capacitance in 1 M H2SO4. Its capacitance was as high as 211.9 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. This capacitance was 74.3% higher than that of a pristine rGO electrode (121.6 F/g), and the capacitance of the CD/rGO electrode retained 92.8% of its original value after 1000 cycles at a CDs-to-rGO ratio of 5:1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let C be a triangulated category with a proper class E of triangles. We prove that there exists an Avramov-Martsinkovsky type exact sequence in C, which connects E-cohomology, E-Tate cohomology and E-Gorenstein cohomology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the malignancy of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP). However, the results remain inconclusive. Here, a meta -analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess this association. Case-control studies investigating SNIP tissues for presence of HPV DNA were identified. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel method. An assessment of publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. We calculated a pooled OR of 2.16 (95% CI = 1.46–3.21, P < 0.001) without statistically significant heterogeneity or publication bias. Stratification by HPV type showed a stronger association for patients with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types, HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-16/18 infection (OR = 8.8 [95% CI: 4.73–16.38], 8.04 [95% CI: 3.34–19.39], 18.57 [95% CI: 4.56–75.70], and 26.24 [4.35–158.47], respectively). When only using PCR studies, pooled ORs for patients with hrHPV, HPV-16, and HPV18 infection still reached statistical significance. However, Egger’s test reflected significant publication bias in the HPV-16 sub-analysis (P = 0.06), and the adjusted OR was no longer statistically significant (OR = 1.65, 95%CI: 0.58–4.63). These results suggest that HPV infection, especially hrHPV (HPV-18), is significantly associated with malignant SNIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of horizon thermodynamics we study the thermodynamic stability of black holes constructed in general relativity and Gauss–Bonnet gravity. In the framework of horizon thermodynamics there are only five thermodynamic variables E , P , V , T , S . It is not necessary to consider concrete matter fields, which may contribute to the pressure of black hole thermodynamic system. In non-vacuum cases, we can derive the equation of state, P = P ( V , T ) . According to the requirements of stable equilibrium in conventional thermodynamics, we start from these thermodynamic variables to calculate the heat capacity at constant pressure and Gibbs free energy and analyze the local and global thermodynamic stability of black holes. It is shown that P > 0 is the necessary condition for black holes in general relativity to be thermodynamically stable, however this condition cannot be satisfied by many black holes in general relativity. For black hole in Gauss–Bonnet gravity negative pressure can be feasible, but only local stable black hole exists in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the decline of the performance and prospects of catering industry and the rapid development of the network economy and e-commerce, merchants try to join the mobile O2O business. Its starting point and the end-result is attract more consumers through the network to complete meal ordering and delivery business, it also make consumers and business operators through online trading achieve convenient services and achieve satisfaction on both sides. This article mainly starts from the consumption of college students consumer groups of the characteristic of psychological behavior and catering industry, using the technology acceptance model (TAM) for consumers (mobile catering service platform) to find the influence factors of using attitude has carried on the empirical analysis, the research conclusion, and put forward the businessman is how to make use of O2O model use attitude to better grasp the young consumer groups, improve their efforts expectations, performance expectations and perception is favorable, reduce the perceived risk and perceived costs of countermeasures and suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

By use of the Jacobi determinant, we verify that, for a thermodynamic system which satisfies the first law of thermodynamics, if only there is second-order phase transition in the system, the Prigogine-Defay ratio is the constant 1. This conclusion is universal and independent of the concrete forms of the thermodynamic functions and also apply to black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a detection scheme for localized magnetostatic surface (LMS) resonant spheres using a near-field probe. The detection is facilitated by an electrically very small probe that is highly susceptible to magnetic energy in its surroundings. In the presence of a magnetic dispersive sphere, the probe's reflection coefficient S11 demonstrates an open circuit behavior at LMS resonance along with resonance splitting. A circuit model is presented to predict the LMS resonance, and full-wave simulation of the probe is provided to demonstrate the phenomenon and validate the circuit model. The detection mechanism can be generalized to detect LMS resonance in nonspherical shapes having low magnetic loss in low microwave frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we consider output regulation for a 1-d heat equation where the disturbances generated from an unknown finite-dimensional exosystem enter all possible channels. We adopt adaptive observer internal model approach which has been well developed for lumped parameter systems over two decades to estimate all possible unknown frequencies that have entered into a transformed system. By the estimates of the unknown frequencies, we are able to design a tracking error based feedback control to achieve output regulation and disturbance rejection for this PDE. A significance of the problem lies in the fact that both the control and observation operators are unbounded. The proposed approach is potentially applicable to other PDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the consideration that the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon of Reissner–Nordström black hole in de Sitter space are not independent each other, we conjecture the total entropy of the system should have an extra term contributed from the entanglement between the two horizons, except for the sum of the two horizon entropies. Making use of the globally effective first law and the effective thermodynamic quantities, we derive the total entropy and find that it will diverge as the two horizons tend to coincide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mice lacking ADAM10 in endothelial cells ( Adam10ΔEC mice) have shorter femurs, tibiae, and humeri than controls, raising questions about how endothelial cells could control long bone growth. We performed a histopathological evaluation of the femur and tibia growth plates at different postnatal stages, and assessed the distribution of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and endothelial cells at the growth plate. The growth plates in Adam10ΔEC mice appeared normal at P7 and P14, but a thickened zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes and increased trabecular bone density were apparent by P21 and later. The number of TRAP+ cells at the COJ was normal at P7 and P14, but was strongly reduced at P21 and later. Moreover, the density of endomucin-stained endothelial cells at the COJ was increased starting at P7. The defects in long bone growth in Adam10ΔEC mice could be caused by a lack of osteoclastogenesis at the COJ. Moreover, ADAM10 appears to regulate endothelial cell organization in the developing bone vasculature, perhaps in a similar manner as in the developing retinal vascular tree, where ADAM10 is thought to control Notch-dependent endothelial cell fate decisions. This study provides evidence for the regulation of osteoclast function by endothelial cells in vivo. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:224-230, 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the phase structure and equilibrium state space geometry of charged topological dilaton black holes in ( n+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime. By considering the pairs of parameters ( P∼ V) and ( Q∼ U) as variables, we analyze the phase structure and critical phenomena of black holes and discuss the relation between the two kinds of critical phenomena. We find that the phase structures and critical phenomena drastically depend on the cosmological constant l (or the static electric charge Q of the black holes), dimensionality n and dilaton field Φ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the capability of determining the chemical composition of urinary stones using dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: A total of 116 urinary stones with a known chemical composition determined by infrared spectroscopy were scanned using both gemstone spectral imaging and conventional polychromatic imaging (at 120 kVp) in vitro. The CT numbers of each stone were recorded from the 11 sets of monochromatic images (40-140 keV, 10-keV interval) and 120-kVp polychromatic images. The differences between the CT numbers obtained in the 12 sets were compared among the stone groups. Results: The 116 urinary stones were classified into 7 groups: uric acid (n = 16), cystine (n = 10), brushite (n = 17), weddellite (n = 14), whewellite (n = 24), carbapatite (n = 12), and struvite (n = 23). The paired CT numbers (at 120 kVp and 50 keV, respectively) of each stone group were as follows: uric acid, 469.11 ± 69.83 and 474.06 ± 40.55 Hounsfield units (HU); cystine, 564.81 ± 97.71 and 839.58 ± 92.14 HU; brushite, 1830.94 ± 59.19 and 2787.41 ± 306.07 HU; weddellite, 1438.09 ± 191.12 and 2100.79 ± 202.32 HU; whewellite, 1493.48 ± 259.90 and 2321.39 ± 367.23 HU; carbapatite, 1784.58 ± 106.42 and 2513.86 ± 189.09 HU; and struvite, 833.037 ± 9.91 and 1123.24 ± 267.70 HU. The differences in the CT numbers at 120 kVp and 50 keV among the groups were statistically significant by binary comparison (P <.05), except for those at 120 kVp between uric acid and cystine (P = .121), whewellite and weddellite (P = .280), and brushite and carbapatite (P = .419). Conclusion: Gemstone spectral imaging dual-energy CT provides a novel method to better characterize pure urinary stones using the CT numbers at 50 keV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the quantum statistical method, we calculate quantum statistical entropy between the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon in Schwarzchild spacetime and derive the expression of quantum statistical entropy in de Sitter spacetime. Under the Unruh-Verlinde temperature of Schwarzchild-de Sitter spacetime in the entropic force views, we obtain the expression of quantum statistical entropy in de Sitter spacetime. It is shown that in de Sitter spacetime quantum statistical entropy is the sum of thermodynamic entropy corresponding black hole horizon and the one corresponding cosmological horizon. And the correction term of de Sitter spacetime entropy is obtained. Therefore, it is confirmed that the black hole entropy is the entropy of quantum field outside the black hole horizon. The entropy of de Sitter spacetime is the entropy of quantum field between the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the new global embedding approach and analytical continuation method of wave function we discuss Hawking radiation of acoustic black holes. Unruh/Hawking temperature of the dielectric black hole is derived. The corresponding relation among these methods that calculate Hawking radiation of dielectric black hole is established. Our result shows that these methods are equivalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: L: -plastin, an actin-binding protein, is upregulated in many tumours, including colorectal carcinoma. This study evaluated the expression of L: -plastin in plasma and colorectal tumour tissue and analysed the correlation between clinicopathological staging and prognosis.Materials and Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect L: -plastin in the plasma of 120 colorectal carcinoma patients and 40 control subjects. Immunohistochemistry analyses were also used.Results: The rate of positive L: -plastin expression was significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma patients than in control subjects, and was significantly higher in tumour tissues than in the tissues surrounding the tumour. L: -Plastin expression also is correlated with tumour grade and size, and lymph node metastasis. However, there was no correlation with the extent of tumour invasion or distant metastasis.Conclusion: L: -Plastin may be a useful marker for screening colorectal carcinoma and determining the prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma, and for genetic therapy and targeted therapy of colorectal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the temperature and energy on holographic screens for 4-dimensional axisymmetric black holes with the entropic force idea proposed by Verlinde. According to the principle of thermal equilibrium, the location of holographic screen outside the axisymmetric black hole horizon is not a equivalent radius surface. The location of isothermal holographic screen outside the axisymmetric black hole horizon is obtained. Using the equipartition rule, we derive the correction expression of energy of isothermal holographic screen. When holographic screens are far away the black hole horizon, the entropic force of charged rotating particles can be expressed as Newton's law of gravity. When the screen crosses the event horizon, the temperature of the screen agrees with the Hawking temperature and the entropic force gives rise to the surface gravity for both of the black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We extend the classical Damour–Ruffini method and discuss Hawking radiation spectrum of high-dimensional rotating black hole using Tortoise coordinate transformation defined by taking the reaction of the radiation to the spacetime into consideration. Under the condition that the energy and angular momentum are conservative, taking self-gravitation action into account, we derive Hawking radiation spectrums which satisfy unitary principle in quantum mechanics. It is shown that the process that the black hole radiates particles with energy ω is a continuous tunneling process. We provide a theoretical basis for further studying the physical mechanism of black-hole radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folate receptor 4 (FR4) is recently found as a lymphoid tissue specific protein. In this study, we have identified an alternative splicing variant of the FR4 gene from murine splenocytes, termed FR4v, which is almost identical to FR4 cDNA sequence except with the retained 108 bp intron 3 between exon 3 and 4 of FR4 gene. FR4v mRNA encodes a larger protein than FR4 and is constitutively expressed on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) membrane via a GPI anchor mechanism. Whether FR4v plays a redundant or unique functional role in Tregs should be investigated further in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the entanglement entropy method, this paper calculates the statistical entropy of the Bose and Fermi fields in thin films, and derives the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and its correction term on the background of a rotating and charged black string. Here, the quantum field is entangled with quantum states in the black string and thin film to the event horizon from outside the rotating and charged black string. Taking into account the effect of the generalized uncertainty principle on quantum state density, it removes the difficulty of the divergence of state density near the event horizon in the brick-wall model. These calculations and discussions imply that high density quantum states near the event horizon of a black string are strongly correlated with the quantum states in a black string and that black string entropy is a quantum effect. The ultraviolet cut-off in the brick-wall model is not reasonable. The generalized uncertainty principle should be considered in the high energy quantum field near the event horizon. From the viewpoint of quantum statistical mechanics, the correction value of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is obtained. This allows the fundamental recognition of the correction value of black string entropy at nonspherical coordinates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the Hawking radiation of a black hole has been studied using the tunnel effect method. The radiation spectrum of a black hole is derived. By discussing the correction to spectrum of the rotating black hole, we obtain the canonical entropy. The derived canonical entropy is equal to the sum of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and correction term. The correction term near the critical point is different from the one near others. This difference plays an important role in studying the phase transition of the black hole. The black hole thermal capacity diverges at the critical point. However, the canonical entropy is not a complex number at this point. Thus we think that the phase transition created by this critical point is the second order phase transition. The discussed black hole is a five-dimensional Kerr-AdS black hole. We provide a basis for discussing thermodynamic properties of a higher-dimensional rotating black hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been much attention devoted to resolving the quantum corrections to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of a black hole. In this paper, we calculate the correction value of thermodynamic quantities of the Achucarro–Oritz black hole motivated by utilizing the generalized uncertainty principle. We obtain the Cardy–Verlinde formula after considering the correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized uncertainty relation is introduced to calculate entropy of the black hole. By using quantum statistical method, we directly obtain the partition function of Bose and Fermi field on the background of the plane symmetry black hole. Then we calculate the entropy of Bose and Fermi field on the background of black hole near the horizon of the black hole. In our calculation, we need not introduce cutoff. There are not the left out term and the divergent logarithmic term in the original brick-wall method. And it is obtained that the entropy of the black hole is proportional to the area of the horizon. The inherent contact between the entropy of black hole and the area of horizon is opened out. Further it is shown the entropy of black hole is entropy of quantum state on the surface of horizon. The black hole’s entropy is the intrinsic property of the black hole. The entropy is a quantum effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyloid β-protein (Aβ), the major component of cerebral plaques associated with Alzheimer disease, is derived from amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) through sequential proteolytic cleavage involving β- and γ-secretase. The intramembrane cleavage of APP by γ-secretase occurs at two major sites, γ and ϵ, although the temporal and/or mechanistic relationships between these cleavages remain unknown. In our attempt to address this issue, we uncovered an important regulatory role for the APP luminal juxtamembrane domain. We demonstrated in cell-based assays that domain replacements in this region can greatly reduce secreted Aβ resulting from γ-cleavage without affecting the ϵ-cleavage product. This Aβ reduction is likely due to impaired proteolysis at the γ-cleavage site. Further analyses with site-directed mutagenesis identified two juxtamembrane residues, Lys-28 and Ser-26 (Aβ numbering), as the critical determinants for efficient intramembrane proteolysis at the γ-site. Consistent with the growing evidence that γ-cleavage of APP precedes γ-processing, longer Aβ species derived from the γ-cleavage-deficient substrates were detected intracellularly. These results indicate that the luminal juxtamembrane region of APP is an important regulatory domain that modulates γ-secretase-dependent intramembrane proteolysis, particularly in differentiating γ- and ϵ-cleavages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Hawking radiation of the black hole has been studied using the tunnel effect method. It is found the radiation spectrum of the black hole is not a strictly pure thermal spectrum. How the departure from pure thermal spectrum affects the entropy? This is a very interesting problem. In this paper, we calculate the partition function by energy spectrum obtained by tunnel effect. Using the relation between the partition function and entropy, we derive the expression of entropy the general charged black hole. In our calculation, we not only consider the correction to the black hole entropy due to fluctuation of energy but also consider the effect of the change of the black hole charges on entropy. We discuss Reissner-Nordstrom black hole and obtain that Reissner-Nordstrom black hole cannot approach the extreme black hole by changing its charges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a lot of attention devoted to resolving the quantum corrections to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the black hole. In particular, the coefficient of the logarithmic term in the black hole entropy correction has been of great interest. In this paper, the black hole is corresponded to a canonical ensemble in statistics by radiant spectrum, resulted from the black hole tunnelling effect studies and the partition function of ensemble is derived. Then the entropy of the black hole is calculated. When the first-order approximation is taken into account, the logarithmic term of entropy correction is consistent with the result of the generalized uncertainty principle. In our calculation, there are no uncertainty factors. The prefactor of the logarithmic correction and the one if fluctuation is considered are the same. Our result shows that if the thermal capacity is negative, there is no divergent term. We provide a general method for further discussion on quantum correction to Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. We also offer a theoretical basis for comparing string theory and loop quantum gravity and deciding which one is more reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recently, Hawking radiation of the black hole has been studied using the tunnel effect method. It is found that the radiation spectrum of the black hole is not a strictly pure thermal spectrum. How does the departure from pure thermal spectrum affect the entropy? This is a very interesting problem. In this Letter, we calculate the partition function by energy spectrum obtained from tunnel effect. Using the partition function, we compute the black hole entropy and derive the expression of the black hole entropy after considering the radiation. And we derive the entropy of charged black hole. In our calculation, we consider not only the correction to the black hole entropy due to fluctuation of energy but also the effect of the change of the black hole charges on entropy. There is no other hypothesis. Our result is more reasonable. According to the fact that the black hole entropy is not divergent, we obtain the lower limit of Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli black hole energy. That is, the least energy of Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli black hole, which satisfies the stationary condition in thermodynamics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper we discuss thermodynamics parameters of black hole horizon and cosmological horizon in general high-dimensional space-time. We obtain that the entropy of a cosmological horizon can be described by the Cardy-Verlinde formula. However, the entropy of black hole horizon will be expressed in a form of the Cardy-Verlinde formula, if one adopts the methods given by Abbott and Deser to compute the mass of a black hole in general high-dimensional space-time. Through discussion, relation among various thermodynamics parameters of the black hole in general high-dimensional space-time is given. That is, differential formula of the first law of thermodynamics is obtained. Because we discuss the general high-dimensional space-time, our result has universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article evaluates the effectiveness of the rapid carbon dioxide evolution rate method in the determination of the microbial activity of pasteurized milk. A novel noninstrumental microrespirometer was used. Three different kinds of milk stored in two temperatures were measured daily. Regression analysis was performed in combined milk samples.

In this paper, by using quantum statistical methods, we directly obtain the partition function of Bose field and Fermi field on the background of the axisymmetrical Sen black hole. The difficult-to-solve wave equation is avoided. Then via the improved brick-wall method and membrane model, we calculate the entropy of Bose field and Fermi field of the black hole. We find that the entropy of the black hole is proportional to the area of the horizon. In our results, we do not encounter the left out term nor the divergent logarithmic term that appears in the original brick-wall method. The question that arose in the brick-wall method of whether the entropy of the scalar or Dirac fields outside the event horizon is the entropy of the black hole does not arise in the present method. The influence of spinning degeneracy of particles on entropy of the black hole is also given. We provide a way to study various complicated black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which investigated the assembly-dependent trafficking of the kainate receptor subunit KA2. Review of related literature; Materials and methods used; Results and discussion.

By using the method of quantum statistics, we directly derive the partition functions of bosonic and fermionic field in Kaluza–Klein black hole with axial symmetry. Then via the improved brick-wall method, membrane model, we obtain that the entropy of bosonic and fermionic field in black hole is proportional to the area of horizon. In our result, the stripped term and the divergent logarithmic term no longer exist. The problem that the state density is divergent around the horizon doesn't exist either. We also give the influence of the spining degeneracy of particles on the entropy of black hole. We offer a new, simple, and direct way of calculating the entropy of different complicated black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the method of quantum statistics, we directly derive the partition functions of bosonic and fermionic field in Kerr black hole with axial symmetry. Then via the improved brick-wall method for membrane model, we show that the entropy of the bosonic and fermionic field in the black hole is proportional to the area of the horizon. In our result, the stripped term and the divergent logarithmic term no longer exist. Hence the problem that the state density is divergent around the horizon doesn't exist. We also give the influence of the spining degeneracy of particles on the entropy of black hole. We offer a new simple and direct way of calculating the entropy of different complicated black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the black hole and cosmological horizons in the de Sitter (dS) spacetime with the Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole are not independent with each other, which is caused by the gravitational effect, the interplay between two horizons should be considered. Based on this, by introducing the interactive entropy the RN–dS spacetime is analogous to a thermodynamic system with various thermodynamic quantities, in which the laws of thermodynamics still hold on. In our work, the thermodynamic properties of the RN–dS spacetime are mapped out in the induced phase space, which are similar to that in AdS black holes. The phase transition of the RN–dS spacetime between the high-potential and the low-potential black hole phases is observed. Compared with an ordinary thermodynamic system, the similar behaviors about the Joule–Thomson expansion and the critical exponents are also checked out. Finally, the scalar curvatures of two existent phases are presented to reveal the underlying microstructure and nature of phase transition in the RN–dS spacetime, which opens a new window to investigate the dS spacetime with black holes from an observational perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the Klein-Gordon equation, we calculate the entropy of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole in non-thermal-equilibrium by using the improved brick-wall methodmembrane model. When taking the proper cutoff in the obtained result, we obtain that both black hole's entropy and cosmic entropy are proportional to the areas of event horizon. We avoid the logarithmic term and stripped term in the original brick-wall method. It offers a new way of studying the entropy of the black hole in non-thermal-equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let x 0 ∈ Ω. Assume that G x 0 (x) satisfies the elliptic boundary value problem L G x 0 (x) ≡ ∂ ∂ x j (a i j (x) ∂ G x 0 (x) ∂ x i ) = δ (x − x 0) , in Ω , G x 0 (x) = 0 on ∂ Ω , where Ω ⊂ ℜ 3 is a convex polyhedral domain. In this article, we propose specially graded meshes T h. Furthermore, we obtain an L 2 (Ω) -error estimate of order h k + 1 | ln ⁡ h | 3 2 for approximations with a P k finite element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the basic hygiene status and main health hazard factors of public places in Hainan Province, so as to provide technical support for promoting health management of public places. Methods The health hazard factors of 200 public places in Hainan Province were monitored in 2022, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 2 339 samples from public places in Hainan Province were monitored, and the overall qualified rate was 83.9%. There were significant differences in the qualified rates of samples from different types of places (χ#178;=120.63, P < 0.05). Among them, the qualified rates of swimming pools (halls) and hotels (hotels) were relatively low, which were 65.8% and 76.3%, respectively, while the overall qualified rates of the other five types of places were between 85.7% and 96.5%. The main unqualified indexes of indoor air in hotels were formaldehyde, the total number of bacteria, PM10, and PM25. The main unqualified indexes of indoor air in barber shops and beauty shops were ammonia and PM10. The main unqualified index of indoor air in shopping malls (supermarkets) was the total number of bacteria. The total number of bacteria detected in all kinds of public goods and appliances in 6 types of public places exceeded the limit. The unqualified rate of pH value of towels in hotels, beauty shops, and barber shops was 43.2%, 13.6% and 11.4%, respectively. The main unqualified indexes of swimming pool were the pH value of swimming pool water, urea and oxidation-reduction potential, and the unqualified rate of oxidation-reduction potential was 29.6%. Conclusion The hygienic condition of public places in Hainan Province still needs to be improved in 2022. It is suggested that the relevant departments further strengthen the supervision and monitoring of the total number of bacteria, ammonia, PM10, PM25 and formaldehyde in indoor air, the total number of bacteria, coliform group and pH value of towels for public goods, and the redox potential, urea and pH value of swimming pool water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]