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Background The academic value of the "Hu Line" has been extended to other related disciplines. Considering China's large population and obvious differences in distribution, this study draws on the research results of population geography to explore the population density and distribution criteria of the "Hu Line". Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of health literacy and sedentary time among urban and rural high school students in the southeast and northwest halves of the "Hu Line", and to provide a basis for improving the physical and mental health of high school students in China. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to study the health literacy and sedentary time of freshmen and sophomores in 62 schools in 31 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) of China from January to March 2019 (12 400 questionnaires on health literacy and 12 400 questionnaires on sedentary time each were uniformly mailed and distributed in advance). Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the coefficient of variance expansion, and after correcting for confounding factors, we analyzed the factors affecting the length of meditation time of high school students in the southeastern and northwestern halves of both sides of the "Hu Line". Results Finally, 9 057 health literacy questionnaires were included, of which 7 489 (82.7%) were from the southeast half of China and 1 568 (17.3%) from the northwest half of China, and 8 031 questionnaires on sedentary time were included, of which 6 614 (82.4%) were from the southeast half of China and 1 417 (17.6%) from the northwest half of China. Health literacy scores and sedentary time of high school students in the southeast half of China were higher than those in the northwest half of China (Z=-4.009, -9.198; P100 000 yuan, and family size of 1, 3, 7, 9, and ≥10 were higher than those of the northwestern half of China (P100 000 yuan, and the number of people in the family of 3, 4, 5, and 6 people were higher than those in the northwestern half of China in terms of the number of hours spent in meditation (P mother's educational attainment (0.131) > father's educational attainment (-0.056) > health literacy score (-0.050). The length of sedentary time of high school students in the northwestern half of China was positively correlated with health literacy score (β=0.017), father's education (β=0.789), and mother's education (β=0.540) (P mother's education (0.111) > health literacy score (0.056) . Conclusion Health literacy scores and meditation hours of high school students in the southeastern half of China were higher than those in the northwestern half of China. Meditation duration of high school students in the southeastern half of China was positively correlated with annual family income and mother's education, but negatively correlated with health literacy scores and father's education, while meditation duration of high school students in the northwestern half of China was positively correlated with health literacy scores parent's education. Annual family income had the highest weight on the effect of meditation duration for high school students in the southeast half of China, and father's education had the highest weight on the effect of meditation duration for high school students in the northwest half of China.

Background Current research on the physical fitness test scores of high school students is more localized within provinces and cities, with few multicenter, large-sample-size, domain-wide research results. The prevalence of blended online and offline teaching in schools of all types has inevitably prolonged the already long sedentary time of high school students. Whether this trend has some impact on the physical health of high school students is an urgent need for a region-wide study. Objective To investigate and analyze the levels of physical fitness test scores and related influencing factors of urban and rural high school first- and second-year students in seven regions of China, and to explore the empowering paths for the balanced improvement of physical fitness levels of first- and second-year high school students. Methods Stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to conduct stratified sampling according to urban counties and townships and villages in high school schools in seven regions (East China, South China, North China, Central China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Northeast China) of 31 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) of China from January to March 2019, and then randomized clusters of 1 high school school in urban counties and 1 high school school in townships and villages in total of 62 schools were selected respectively. A total of 42 523 freshmen and sophomores in high schools were randomly selected to conduct the research, and the data on students' physical fitness test scores were collected at the same time (BMI reflects the level of physical development; lung capacity reflects the level of physical function; sit-and-reach reflects the level of flexibility; pull-up, 50 m run, standing long jump reflects the level of explosive strength of upper and lower limbs; 1 min sit-up reflects the level of core strength of the torso; 800 m run, 1 000 m run reflects the level of cardiorespiratory endurance), and non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of the level of physical fitness test scores. Results The age distribution of 42 523 high school students was 16.0 (16.0, 17.0) years; 20 074 (47.2%) boys and 22 449 (52.8%) girls, 21 725 (51.1%) in cities, counties and districts, and 20 798 (48.9%) in towns and villages. Comparison of the gender and urban-rural distribution of high school students in the seven regions showed statistically significant differences (PNortheast China>Central China), body mass (Northeast China>North China>Central China), BMI (Central China>Northeast China>North China), lung capacity (Northeast China>Central China>South China), 50 m run (South China>Central China>East China), standing long jump (South China>North China>Northwest China), sit-and-reach (South China>Southwest China>Central China), pull-up (South China>Southwest China>Northwest China), and 1 000 m run (South China>Central China>Southwest China). High school boys in the city, county and districts had higher lung capacity scores than those in the town and country, and lower scores than those in the town and country in the 50 m run, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, pull-up, and 1 000 m run (P0.05). The differences in the scores of high school girls in each physical fitness test in the seven regions are statistically significant (PNortheast China>Northwest China), body mass (Northeast China>North China>Northwest China), BMI (Northeast China>North China>Northwest China), lung capacity (Northeast China>South China>Central China), 50 m run (South China>Central China>East China), standing long jump (South China>North China>Central China), sit-and-reach (Northeast China>Central China>South China), 1 min sit-up (North China>Central China>East China=Southwest China), 800 m run (Northeast>Central China>South China). High school girls in the city and county districts had higher height, body mass, and BMI scores than those in the town and country, and lower scores than those in the town and country in lung capacity, 50 m run, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 1 min sit-up, and 800 m run (P

Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) is the main pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, barley, and corn. Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by F. graminearum, is the most prevalent toxin associated with FHB. The wheat defense compound putrescine can promote DON production during F. graminearum infection. However, the underlying mechanisms of putrescine-induced DON synthesis are not well-studied. To investigate the effect of putrescine on the global transcriptional regulation of F. graminearum, we treated F. graminearum with putrescine and performed RNA deep sequencing. We found that putrescine can largely affect the transcriptome of F. graminearum. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that having a large amount of DEGs was associated with ribosome biogenesis, carboxylic acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism pathways. Co-expression analysis showed that 327 genes had similar expression patterns to FgTRI genes and were assigned to the same module. In addition, three transcription factor genes were identified as hub genes in this module, indicating that they may play important roles in DON synthesis. These results provide important clues for further analysis of the molecular mechanisms of putrescine-induced DON synthesis and will facilitate the study of the pathogenic mechanisms of FHB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA) is a younger population-based evolutionary algorithm and widely researched. Due to the introduction of historical population and no guidance toward to the best individual, BSA does not adequately use the information in the current population, which leads to a slow convergence speed and poor exploitation ability of BSA. To address these drawbacks, a novel backtracking search algorithm with reflection mutation based on sine cosine is proposed, named RSCBSA. The best individual found so far is employed to improve convergence speed, while sine and cosine math models are introduced to enhance population diversity. To sufficiently use the information in the historical population and current population, four individuals are selected from the historical or current population randomly to construct an unit simplex, and the center of the unit simplex can enhance exploitation ability of RSCBSA. Comprehensive experimental results and analyses show that RSCBSA is competitive enough with other state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]