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To establish the stable and reliable analytical methods and the enterprise internal control quality standard for no-carrier-added lutetium ［177Lu］ chloride solution which is a key material of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, the radiochemical purity, radionuclidic purity, radioactivity concentration, element impurities, endotoxin, etc. of lutetium ［177Lu］ chloride solution were tested, and these analytical methods were verified. Three batches of lutetium ［177Lu］ chloride solution were tested, and the results met the requirements. The radiochemical purity were greater than 99%, 176Yb and other γ impurities were not detected in radionuclidic purity test, the contents of impurity elements met the corresponding requirement, bacterial endotoxin was less than 2.00 EU/mL, the main γ energy peaks of 177Lu were presented at 0.113 MeV and 0.208 MeV, and the radioactivity concentration was 90.0%-110.0% of the concentration declared on the label. The internal control quality standard was established based on the development and verification of the analytical methods and the test results of three batches. The analytical methods and internal control quality standard of no-carrier-added lutetium ［177Lu］ chloride solution have been successfully established, which laid a foundation for the preparation and translational researches of 177Lu therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.

Two new N-acetyl-ᴅ-glucosamine derivatives, penichryfurans A (1) and B (2), were obtained from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum which inhabited the marine medical red alga Grateloupia turuturu. Their structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis of 1D and 2D NMR in combination with HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations were determined by the (Mo2(OAc)4)-induced CD and comparison of the calculated and experimental electronic curcular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Both compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against A549, HeLa, and HepG2 cell lines, among which compound 1 exhibited strong cytotoxicity towards the HepG2 cell line with an IC50 value of 9.0 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The liver is the largest human internal organ – it is composed of multiple cell types and plays a vital role in fulfilling the body's metabolic needs and maintaining homeostasis. Of these cell types the hepatocytes, which account for three-quarters of the liver's volume, perform its main functions. To discover the molecular basis of hepatocyte function, we employed Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS) to determine the transcriptomic profile of adult human hepatocytes obtained by laser capture microdissection (LCM). Results 10,279 UniGene clusters, representing 7,475 known genes, were detected in human hepatocytes. In addition, 1,819 unique MPSS signatures matching the antisense strand of 1,605 non-redundant UniGene clusters (such as APOC1, APOC2, APOB and APOH) were highly expressed in hepatocytes. Conclusion Apart from a large number of protein-coding genes, some of the antisense transcripts expressed in hepatocytes could play important roles in transcriptional interference via a cis-/trans-regulation mechanism. Our result provided a comprehensively transcriptomic atlas of human hepatocytes using MPSS technique, which could be served as an available resource for an in-depth understanding of human liver biology and diseases.

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. SFRP1 (the secreted frizzled-related protein 1), a putative tumor suppressor gene mapped onto chromosome 8p12-p11.1, the frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) region in human HCC, encodes a Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling antagonist and is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation in many human cancers. However, whether the down-regulation of SFRP1 can contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis still remains unclear. Methods We investigated the expression of SFRP1 through real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. The cell growth and colony formation were observed as the overexpression and knockdown of SFRP1. The DNA methylation status within SFRP1 promoter was analyzed through methylation-specific PCR or bisulphate-treated DNA sequencing assays. Loss of heterozygosity was here detected with microsatellite markers. Results SFRP1 was significantly down-regulated in 76.1% (35/46) HCC specimens at mRNA level and in 30% (30/100) HCCs indicated by immunohistochemistry staining, as compared to adjacent non-cancerous livers. The overexpression of SFRP1 can significantly inhibit the cell growth and colony formation of YY-8103, SMMC7721, and Hep3B cells. The RNA interference against the constitutional SFRP1 in the offspring SMMC7721 cells, which were stably transfected by ectopic SFRP1, can markedly promote cell growth of these cells. LOH of both microsatellite markers D8S532 and D8SAC016868 flanking the gene locus was found in 13% (6 of 46 HCCs) and 6.5% (3 of 46 HCCs) of the informative cases, respectively, where 5 of 8 HCC specimens with LOH showed the down-regulation of SFRP1. DNA hypermethylation within SFRP1 promoter was identified in two of three HCC specimens without SFRP1 expression. Moreover, the DNA methylation of SFRP1 promoter was significantly reduced, along with the re-expression of the gene, in those HCC cell lines, Bel7404, QGY7701, and MHCC-H, as treated by DAC. Conclusion Our data suggested that the down-regulation of SFRP1 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene, triggered by the epigenetic and/or genetic events, could contribute to the oncogenesis of HCC.

Abstract: In this paper the density-functional theory calculations are performed on the newly discovered superconductor (Ca3Al2O5−x )(Fe2As2). Within the LSDA approach, the total-energy calculations show that the ground state is in striped anti-ferromagnetic (S-AFM) order for (Ca3Al2O5−x )(Fe2As2) (x=0 and 0.5) and oxygen vacancy is easily formed at 8g site for (Ca3Al2O5−x )(Fe2As2) (x=0.5). The electronic densities of the states around the Fermi energy (E F ) mainly come from the Fe-3d states for both nonmagnetic and S-AFM configurations of (Ca3Al2O5−x )(Fe2As2) (x=0) and the total DOSs (both spins) around the E F become obviously larger when oxygen vacancies are introduced at 8g site. Considering electron correlation, it is found that a strong correlation insulating gap develops with the increase of Hubbard U for the parent compound (Ca3Al2O5)(Fe2As2), and the transition from insulator to metal is forecasted when oxygen vacancies are introduced in (Ca3Al2O5−x )(Fe2As2) system. The ground state of this compound could be ascribed as a correlated insulator and the oxygen vacancy yields its transition from insulator to metal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Profound understanding of the luminescence mechanism and structure-property relationship is vital for Cu(I) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Herein, we theoretically simulated luminescent behavior in both solution and solid phases for two Cu(I) complexes and found the following: (i) The strengthened spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect by more d x 2 - y 2 orbital contributions and well-restricted structural distortion via remarkable intramolecular interaction in [Cu(dmp)(POP)] + enable the emission at room temperature to be a mixture of direct phosphorescence (10%) and TADF (90%). (ii) Benefiting from enhanced steric hindrance and the electron-donating ability of the paracyclophane group, the narrowed S 1 -T 1 energy separation (Δ E ST ) in [Cu(dmp)(phanephos)] + accelerates the reverse intersystem crossing, promoting the TADF rate (1.88 × 10 5 s -1 ) and intensity ratio (98.3%). These results indicate that the small Δ E ST is superior for reducing the lifetime and that the strong SOC stimulates the phosphorescence to compete with TADF, which are both conducive to avoiding collision-induced exciton quenching and reducing the roll-off in devices.

The hippocampus not only plays a role in appetite and energy balance, but also is particularly important in learning and memory. Figuring out the relationships of hippocampal glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) with hippocampal glucose metabolism and hippocampus-dependent cognitive function is very important to clearly understand the pathophysiological basis of nutritional obesity and diabetes-related diseases, and treat obesity and cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, this study reviewed recent researches conducted on hippocampal GLUT4, hippocampal glucose metabolism, and hippocampus-dependent cognitive function. In this review, we mainly discussed: (1) The structure of GLUT4 and the distribution and function of GLUT4 in the hippocampus; (2) The translocation of GLUT4 in the hippocampus; (3) The relationships of the PI3K-Akt-GLUT4 signaling pathway with the high fat diet-induced changes of cognitive function and the glucose metabolism in the hippocampus; (4) The associations of the PI3K-Akt-GLUT4 signaling pathway with the diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction in the hippocampus; (5) The potential mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction induced by glucose metabolic disorder.

Background/aims: To explore the clinical application and significance of the technique of orthotopic liver resection., Methodology: From January 2004 to December 2011, five patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma with invasion or severe adhesion of diaphragm were undergone right semi-liver resection using the technique of orthotopic liver resection. The right hemi-liver was isolated from the first liver portal, second liver portal and third liver portal, then isolated from the normal liver, finally the tumor and the invaded diaphragm were resected or removed from the severe adhesion. The approach to hepatic resection involved routine use of Peng's multifunctional operative dissector, selective control of in and out-flow of liver, control of inferior vena cava (IVC) and liver hanging maneuver, anterior approach, etc., Results: The operations were successfully performed in 5 patients. Operative time was 120, 180, 150, 150 and 160 min, respectively. The amount of blood loss were 350, 350, 400, 450, 600 ml, respectively. Postoperative complications were pleural effusion in 3 cases, and other 2 cases recovered without complications., Conclusions: Although the technique of orthotopic liver resection has a high technical requirement for surgeons, it provides a surgical method and operative opportunity for the patients whose tumor has invaded diaphragm or has been severe adhesion with diaphragm and conventional liver resection cannot be performed.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of patients with residual tumor after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Methods: The clinicopathological data of 114 patients with HCC undergoing RFA in our hospital from May 2000 to March 2007 were retrospectively studied, and the prognostic factors of residual tumor were analyzed., Results: After one session of RFA, 90 patients had complete ablation and 24 had residual tumor. The median overall survivals in the complete ablation group and residual tumor group were 40 and 29 months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between those two groups (P = 0.242). 24 patients with residual tumor were re-treated by RFA or hepatectomy or TACE. Among them 11 patients achieved complete response and 13 incomplete response, their median overall survival were 53 and 28 months, respectively. There was no significant difference between first complete ablation group and second complete response group (P = 0.658). However, compared with the first complete ablation group, the incomplete response group had poor prognosis (P = 0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size > 3 cm (P = 0.007) and proximity to a large vessel (P = 0.042) were independent risk factors for residual tumor after RFA., Conclusion: Tumor size > 3 cm and proximity to a large vessel are independent risk factors for residual tumor after RFA. Further treatment of residual tumor is necessary to eliminate the tumor and improve prognosis.

Aim: To sum up the clinical and pathological characteristics of solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) and the experience with it., Methods: A total of 553 SPT patients reported in Chinese literature between January 1996 and January 2009 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed., Results: The mean age of the 553 SPT patients included in this review was 27.2 years, and the male to female ratio was 1:8.37. Their symptoms were non-specific, and nearly one third of the patients were asymptomatic. Computed tomography and ultrasonography were performed to show the nature and location of SPT. Most of the tumors were distributed in the pancreatic head (39.8%), tail (24.1%), body and tail (19.5%). Forty-five patients (9.2%) were diagnosed as malignant SPT with metastasis or invasion. None of the clinical factors was closely related to the malignant potential of SPT. Surgery was the main therapeutic modality for SPT. Local resection, distal pancreatectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy were the most common surgical procedures. Local recurrence and hepatic metastasis were found in 11 and 2 patients, respectively, after radical resection. Four patients died of tumor progression within 4 years after palliative resection of SPT. The prognosis of SPT patients was good with a 5-year survival rate of 96.9%., Conclusion: SPT of the pancreas is a rare indolent neoplasm that typically occurs in young females. It is a low-grade malignancy and can be cured with extended resection. The prognosis of such patients is good although the tumor may recur and metastasize.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors and treatment choice for intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Methods: Clinicopathological data of 184 HCC patients with intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy were collected. The influences of twenty one clinicopathological factors and treatment modalities on the survival after recurrence were retrospectively analyzed., Results: Univariate analysis showed that preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) >100 ng/ml, microscopic venous invasion, patients classified as Child-Pugh class B or C at diagnosis of recurrence, multiple recurrence foci and early recurrence (< or =12 months) were poor prognostic factors. Cox multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh class at diagnosis of recurrence, number of recurrent foci and time to recurrence were independent risk factors for survival in patients with recurrence. Median survival after recurrence was 34 months, 23 months, 15 months and 9 months, respectively, in patients treated by repeated hepatectomy, local ablation therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or non-treatment in 69 patients with solitary recurrence. There were statistically significant differences among these four groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: classification of Child-Pugh class A at the first time of diagnosis, solitary recurrence, late recurrence (> 12 months), and intrahepatic recurrence occurred after repeated hepatectomy or local ablation therapy are better prognostic factors in patients with HCC recurrence.

Objective: To evaluate the contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic status for Crohn's disease (CD), and analyze its clinical and pathologic manifestation., Methods: Retrospectively we reviewed 220 hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases in which 48 were diagnosed as CD. Data of diagnostic and therapeutic details were recorded., Results: In the past 10 years 44 of the 48 CD cases were diagnosed in recent and 75.0% of the cases were in the onset age range from 17 to 40 years. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloody stool. 16 (33.3%) of the cases were accompanied with extra-intestinal manifestations, 3 (6.3%) with perianal abscess, and 2 (4.2%) with intestinal fistulation. The main findings through colonoscopy were ulceration, obstruction and cobble stone sign, with a diagnostic correspondence of 85.7% (36/42). Non-caseous granulomas were totally identified in 43.2% (19/44) of the histology. Thirty cases were administrated with Sulfasalazine/Mesalazine (SASP/5-ASA) or corticosteroids/immuno-suppressor in which 27 got clinically improved. Thirteen patients underwent surgery., Conclusion: The diagnostic incidence of Crohn's disease has been increased in recent years. The combination of endoscopy, radiography and histology is the best way for the diagnosis of CD. Small intestinal endoscopy and capsule endoscopy with repeated histopathology and follow-up are helpful for the diagnosis.

Objective: To study and compare the accuracy and sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and CT scaning in determination of preoperative stage and vascular invasion by pancreatic and ampullary cancers., Methods: Fourty-two pancreatic cancer patients and 18 ampullary cancer patients were studied. With patients prepared according to conventional endoscopy, Olympus EUM-30 scope 1 set with a side view and 360 degrees rotate and switchable scanning probe [ultrasound frequency (7.5/12 MHz)], was introduced to the descending duodenum through the esophagus. Gas within the duodenum and stomach was aspirated. Then, in order to to facilitate ultrasound transmission, 200 ml deaerated water was injected into the duodenum and 500 ml into the stomach to distend it. The structures of each part of pancreatic head and ampullary together with surrounding vessels were scanned. Then, the scope was withdrawn to the gastric antrum, body and fundus gradually, while the pancreatic body and tail were scanned., Results: Between Apr. 1996 to May 2004, a total of 42 pancreatic cancer patients and 18 ampullary cancer patients were examined by EUS. Meanwhile, all these 58 patients received preoperative CT scaning. The results of stage and vascular invasion determined by EUS in this series were as following; pancreatic cancer group (n = 42): accuracy in T2-4 stage was 100.0% (5/5), 75.0% (9/12) and 48.0% (12/25), respectively; ampullary cancer group (n = 18): T1-4 stage was 75.0% (3/4), 66.7% (2/3), 75.0% (6/8) and 33.3% (1/3), respectively; the accuracy in N stage: P-group: 80.0% in N1 (4/5), 90.0% in N0 (9/10); A-group: 50.0% in N1 (3/6), 91.0% in N0 (10/11). The sensitivity, specificity of vascular invasion, resectability and unresectablilty determined by EUS and CT as compared with surgical findings during operation was 52.9% (9/17), 93.1% (27/29), 77.1% (27/35) and 81.8% (9/11) for EUS (n = 60), respectively; and 11.8% (2/17), 92.6% (25/27), 62.5% (25/40) and 50.0% (2/4) for CT (n = 58), respectively., Conclusion: Endoscopic ultrosonography being one of the best image examinations to determine the stage and vascular invasion for pancreatic and ampullary cancer paitients is able to detect small pancreatic or ampullary cancer less than 2.0 cm in diameter due to its high resolution; but can not detect the secondary multiple distal metastases such as spread into the liver, peritonium or hepatoduodenal ligament, etc. due to its ultrasound depth limitation.

Objective: To study the surgical treatment effect and factors influencing prognosis of recurrent carcinoma within gastric remnant., Methods: From 1990 to 2003, clinical data of 60 patients underwent surgical operation again because of recurrence carcinoma within gastric remnant after radical resection were reviewed retrospectively., Results: The mean survival time was 32.6 months and the median survival time was 27.0 months. Thirty-seven patients (61.7%) received radical resection with the mean survival time of 45.0 months. Twenty-three patients received palliative treatment with the mean survival time of 12.7 months (P< 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the clinical stages, pathologic classification, radical resection, peritoneal seeding, liver metastasis, the expression of CD44v6, PCNA and MVD were significantly correlated with survival time (P< 0.01), but were not correlated with sex,age,recurrence time after the first operation (P> 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the clinical stages, peritoneal seeding and radical resection were independent prognostic factors., Conclusions: The clinical stages, peritoneal seeding and radical resection are independent prognostic factors of recurrent carcinoma within gastric remnant. The radical resection maybe the most effective way to treat the recurrent carcinoma within gastric remnant.