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Membrane emulsification can obtain microspheres with relatively uniform particle size and pore size, which has unique advantages in the synthesis of polymer microsphere adsorbents and the enrichment and separation of organic compounds. In this study, the Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB) solid phase extraction microspheres were prepared by membrane emulsification technique and was used in the pretreatment of samples to detect 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 (25OH-VD2) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OH-VD3) in serum by UPLC-MS/MS for the first time. To confirm the efficacy of membrane-emulsified (ME) HLB microspheres, three types of microspheres, including ME HLB microspheres, non-membrane-emulsified (non-ME) HLB microspheres and commercial HLB microspheres, were compared for the pretreatment of 25OH-VD2 and 25OH-VD3. The performance of HLB microspheres was characterized based on the sample recovery values acquired by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Results showed that among the three types of microspheres, ME HLB microspheres showed the best performance and demonstrated good adsorption properties for 25OH-VD2 and 25OH-VD3. The recoveries range of 25OH-VD2 and 25OH-VD3 were 96.7–101.4 and 98.7–104.9%, respectively, and the coefficients of variation were 0.67–1.24 and 1.39–2.28%, respectively, which were superior to those of commercial HLB microspheres and non-ME HLB microspheres. Additionally, due to their excellent homogeneity, the ME HLB microspheres exhibited good precision in the determination of low values of 25OH-VD2 and 25OH-VD3, indicating accurate and simple detection of 25OH-VD2 and 25OH-VD3 with a broad potential for further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We compared the clinical characteristics of vaccinated and non-vaccinated Omicron patients in order to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., Methodology: This study included 360 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody levels of the patients and the duration of virus shedding were analyzed according to age, gender, vaccine dose, and the time from the most recent vaccination to the onset of Omicron infection., Results: Age (OR = 0.974), days from last vaccination to onset ≤ 180 days (OR = 4.409), and booster dose of the vaccine (OR = 4.999) were protective factors associated with patients who were IgG antibody positive. The duration of virus shedding in IgG -antibody-positive patients was 9 (8-11) days; and this was significantly lower than that in IgG-antibody-negative patients, who had virus shedding duration of 10 (8-12) days (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Booster immunizations could increase IgG-antibody in patients who have already been infected with the Omicron variant and enhance immune protection. In addition, COVID-19 vaccination may shorten the duration of virus shedding., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2024 Zhen Wan, Jing Han, Deyin Wang, Yonghui Li, Weixiang Zhai, Weikang Zhao, Xiaodong Zhang, Yi Xie.)

Tetrathiatriarylmethyl (TAM, trityl) radicals have found wide applications as spin probes/labels for EPR spectroscopy and imaging, and as polarizing agents for dynamic nuclear polarization. The high hydrophilicity of TAM radicals is essential for their biomedical applications. However, the synthesis of hydrophilic TAM radicals (e.g., OX063) is extremely challenging and has only been reported in the patent literature, to date. Herein, an efficient synthesis of a highly water-soluble TAM radical bis(8-carboxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylbenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis([1,3]dithiol-4-yl)-mono-(8-carboxyl-2,2,6,6-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis([1,3]dithiol-4-yl)methyl (TFO), which contains four additional hydroxylethyl groups, relative to the Finland trityl radical CT-03, is reported. Similar to OX063, TFO exhibits excellent properties, including high water solubility in phosphate buffer, low log P, low pK a , long relaxation times, and negligible binding with bovine serum albumin. On the other hand, TFO has a sharper EPR line and higher O 2 sensitivity than those of OX063. Therefore, in combination with its facile synthesis, TFO should find wide applications in magnetic resonance related fields and this synthetic approach would shed new light on the synthesis of other hydrophilic TAM radicals., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)