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This qualitative descriptive research aims to discover the process of toxic masculinity in public spaces. The research was conducted in Teluk Ambon District, Ambon, Maluku. The source of data is taken from primary and secondary data. Data were collected from interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses three stages, such as data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results show that the process of toxic masculinity in the public space starts with the social construction of patriarchy that affects male attitudes and behavior, masculine stigma supported by patriarchal culture, and the internalization of masculine values that lead to violence, aggressiveness, and dominance. It can be seen that the social construction of patriarchy in Negeri Rumahtiga has a significant impact on men's experiences and perceptions of themselves. The masculine stigma supported by patriarchy in Negeri Rumahtiga reflects the strict restrictions on what is considered "male" and "female" in society. The internalization of masculine values that leads to violence, aggressiveness, and dominance in Negeri Rumahtiga is influenced by social and cultural pressures. Keywords: Toxic Masculinity, Patriarchy, Stigma, Internalization

This study was developed to investigate parents' perceptions and attitudes towards distance learning in response to many schools' closures due to the COVID-19. This research employed a qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of parents of elementary school students in the City of Gunungsitoli, Indonesia determined by purposive sampling technique, totaling twenty-four people. The data were collected using semi-structured interview techniques and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. This study shows that distance learning or learning from home in a research context takes the form of online and offline learning. The learning approach implemented during the COVID-19 emergency must be lived and supported without other options for parents. Although parents do not have negative perceptions, distance learning has increased the economic, psychological, and social burden on parents or families. The lack of parental involvement and support in children's learning process at home is generally due to the lack of time and parents' inability to become teachers for their children. Actions to accompany and support children's learning process at home are carried out to provide internet packages, help children master the material, and participate in completing assignments or tests given by the teacher. The surprising finding from this study is the decline in children's learning motivation and cognitive abilities. Parents hope that distance learning is not extended.

Standard Operating Procedures are guidelines or references for carrying out work tasks under the functions and performance assessment tools of government agencies. This research aims to analyze the application of standard operating procedures (SOP) in improving the effectiveness of employee performance at the Ma'u District Head Office, Nias Regency. This research was carried out as a qualitative type of research with a descriptive approach because this type of research aims to describe and analyze phenomena, events or social activities that are occurring currently at the Mau Subdistrict Office, Nias Regency. The results of this research are: SOP implementation has been implemented but in this case, efficiency has not yet been implemented according to existing Administrative Service SOPs in carrying out duties and responsibilities, so processing letters by the public takes too long. In this case, the obstacles are due to work delays, discrepancies, non-compliance with existing procedures, and limited and delayed information. Efficiency and consistency are necessary in implementing SOPs to maximize existing work. Keywords: Standard Operating Procedures; Employee Effectiveness; Employee Performance

The original revenue of local governments is one of the vital elements that can support regional development and governance, exemplified by BPHTB as a significant revenue generator. This study aims to analyze the potential of the Fees for Acquisition of Rights on Land and Buildings (BPHTB), which is one of the local taxes in the Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. The research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The discussion reveals that the regional original revenue in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency experiences significant fluctuations but generally increases annually. This phenomenon is attributed to the efforts of related institutions in collecting and implementing policies to optimize the original revenue. The implementation of the BPHTB tax policy along with existing policies in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency has caused some challenges as it was considered a panic policy following the audit conducted by the BPK. However, ultimately, this policy has contributed to an increase in original revenue through the enforcement of the applicable land tax.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) model to explore the potential problems in improving MT students' Arabic speaking skills in Jaharun B Village. Conducted on March 25-28, 2024, at MTs Al Barokah, this study involved observation, interviews, and documentation. The main focus is on the stages of learning Arabic (Maharatul Kalam) for grade 8 students with direct teaching methods (Thariqah Mubasyarah). The study results showed that this mentoring positively improved students' speaking skills in terms of fluency, pronunciation, and confidence in using Arabic. The direct method has proven effective in making learning more lively, interactive, and relevant to students' daily communication needs. Learning becomes more comprehensive and sustainable by involving community assets, such as support from parents and teachers.

Proses pembelajaran dan kehidupan sehari-hari sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan penalaran. Secara khusus dalam pembelajaran matematika, kemampuan penalaran menjadi salah satu yang krusial untuk dimiliki dan dikuasai oleh siswa. Dalam perkembangan proses berpikir matematis seseorang, penalaran memainkan peranan yang krusial. Dalam pembelajaran matematika, penalaran berperan sebagai dasar yang memungkinkan siswa untuk mendalamai serta memahami konsep-konsep umum dalam pembelajaran matematika serta membantu siswa mencapai menarik suatu kesimpulan dari permasalahan matematis. Dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan, dapat membantu siswa dalam menyelesaikan/mencari solusi dari setiap permasalahan matematis yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang sedang terjadi. Dalam penelitian ini, jenis penelitian yang digunakan yakni kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Sehingga, penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis serta mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 4 Gunungsitoli Utara. Hasil perolehan nilai siswa setelah diberikan tes kemampuan penalaran matematis dengan perolehan skor yang bervariasi yakni skor tertinggi adalah 87, skor terendah 31 serta rata-rata 63,35 dengan kriteria tergolong sedang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan siswa tidak memenuhi kriteria kemampuan penalaran matematis, antara lain kurangnya pemahaman konsep, ketidakkonsistenan dalam mengidentifikasi masalah, kurangnya ketelitian, serta kesulitan dalam menemukan rumus untuk menyelesaikan soal.

Salah satu alternatif pembelajaran yang tepat bagi siswa untuk menambah informasi tentang konsep yang dipelajarinya melalui kegiatan belajar secara sistematis adalah penggunaan LKPD. Terdapat banyak kemapuan matematis yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa, salah satunya adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis. Kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa harus ditingkatkan. Dalam penelitian ini, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D). Metode R & D merupakan metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk untuk menciptakan suatu produk dan menguji seberapa efektif produk tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, produk yang dihasilkan berupa pengembangan LKPD berbasis open-ended pada materi Kekongruenan dan Kesebangunan Bangun Datar di kelas VIII. Berdasarkan dengan hasil dari setiap uji validasi diketahui bahwa peningkatan terhadap revisi pertama dan revisi kedua oleh validator ahli materi (Validator 1) diperoleh persentase sebesar 18,59% dan untuk persentase peningkatan penilaian oleh Validator 1 diperoleh persentase sebesar 12,1%; hasil dari setiap uji validasi bahwa peningkatan terhadap revisi pertama dan revisi kedua oleh validator ahli bahasa diperoleh persentase sebesar 27,38%; dan hasil dari setiap uji validasi bahwa peningkatan terhadap revisi pertama dan revisi kedua oleh validator ahli desain diperoleh persentase sebesar 33,47%. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil dari Uji Kepraktisan diperoleh kesimpulan 89,87% LKPD berbasis open-ended praktis digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Data Tes Hasil belajar diperoleh hasil persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa dengan hasil sebesar 87%. Hal ini berarti bahwa pengembangan LKPD pembelajaran matematika berbasis open-ended pada materi Kekongruenan dan Kesebangunan Bangun Datar dengan tingkat efektifitas sangat tinggi.

Kurikulum Merdeka merupakan salah satu langkah terbaru dalam reformasi pendidikan di Indonesia yang dirancang untuk memberikan otonomi lebih kepada sekolah dan guru dalam menyusun proses pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa Kurikulum Merdeka merupakan proses dari pemerintah yang secara khusus dirancang untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang memungkinkan peserta didik untuk aktif terlibat dalam kegiatan belajar secara spesifik dalam pembelajaran matematika. Proses ini juga melibatkan partisipasi aktif siswa dalam belajar serta mencerminkan hasil dari pembelajaran tersebut. Hasil belajar siswa merujuk pada kemampuan yang diperoleh melalui aktivitas pembelajaran dan merupakan indikator kuantitatif dari evaluasi setelah proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di UPTD SMP Negeri 4 Gunungsitoli Utara khususnya di Kelas VIII. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis serta mendeksripsikan hasil belajar siswa terhadap penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka. Dari analisis hasil tes yang diberikan kepada siswa untuk mengukur pemahaman mereka mengenai materi perpangkatan, diketahui diperoleh nilai rata-rata 65,74 dengan pesentase ketuntasan sebesar 70,37% dan persentase ketidaktuntasan sebesar 29,63%. Hasil belajar siswa dalam Kurikulum Merdeka juga menunjukkan variasi yang signifikan, tergantung pada kesiapan sekolah dan guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum ini.

Faktor yang menyebabkan siswa kesulitan belajar sangat variatif, termasuk dalam pembelajaran matematika. Kesulitan belajar merujuk pada berbagai tantangan atau hambatan yang dihadapi individu terhadap proses pembelajaran, dan hal ini dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan siswa untuk memperoleh, memproses, dan menerapkan pengetahuan serta keterampilan. Oleh karena sifatnya yang bervariasi, kesulitan ini akan berdampak pada berbagai aspek proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan-kesulitan belajar siswa secara khusus dalam pembelajaran matematika. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 orang, yakni seluruh siswa kelas VIII- B. Dalam penelitian ini, teknik pengumpulan data ini adalah pemberian tes, wawancara dan dokumentasi sebagai data pendukung. Dari hasil analisis, diperoleh bahwa 48% siswa dalam kategori “cukup” kesulitan belajar matematika. Selanjutnya 40 % dalam kategori “Sulit” dalam belajar matematika. Secara khusus dalam materi perpangkatan, kesulitan belajar tersebut disebabkan oleh kesulitan menguasai dan memahami konsep secara khusus dalam memahami masalah matematis, dan kesulitan pengoperasian bilangan atau tidak mempunyai keterampilan operasi hitung sehingga siswa tidak dapat menyelesaikan jawaban dengan benar. Dari hasil wawancara didukung diketahui bahwa siswa masih banyak mengalami kesulitan-kesulitan dalam belajar matematika khususnya materi perpangkatan.

The role of teacher as a guide is very significant in teaching, especially to equip students to know God through Christian education. Teachers guide the students to understand knowledge, attitudes, skills, and spirituality based on Biblical principles. But in reality, teachers do not teach the Bible principles in learning, teachers do not guide the students, and have lack of knowledge of the Bible. Teachers should have understood the significance of guiding students based on the Bible. Hence, the purpose of writing this article is to present the significant role of teachers as a guide through the theological study based on Ephesians 4:11-16 for the context of Christian education with literature study as the research method. Teachers must guide students based on the truth of God's Word, through imitating Jesus as the Great Shepherd. Christian teachers’ role as guide do not only stop at knowledge in academic learning, but to be an impact for students to be a part of service to God and to build others up as members of the body of Christ. Christian teachers must guide students to achieve, namely: the unity of the faith in Christ as God and Savior in true knowledge, thorough maturity, and growth in accordance with the fullness of Christ and to ensure to be not tossed around by the waves of false teaching that ignore The Lord. This article concludes that the teacher's role as guide is one form for equipping students to grow more mature in Christ. The author suggests that Christian teachers understand that teachers are God's calling to reveal God's truth to students so that their lives base on Bible teaching, and Christian teachers must understand the students' needs to know God and grow spiritually to become more like Christ. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Peran guru sebagai pembimbing sangat penting dalam pengajaran, terutama untuk memperlengkapi murid-murid mengenal Tuhan melalui pendidikan Kristen. Guru membimbing murid untuk memahami pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan, dan kerohanian berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Alkitab. Namun pada kenyataannya, guru tidak mengajarkan prinsip-prinsip Alkitab dalam pembelajaran, guru tidak membimbing siswa, dan memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang tentang Alkitab. Seharusnya para guru memahami pentingnya membimbing murid berdasarkan Alkitab. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk memaparkan peran penting guru sebagai pembimbing melalui kajian teologis berdasarkan Efesus 4:11-16 dalam konteks pendidikan Kristen dengan metode studi literatur. Guru harus membimbing siswa berdasarkan kebenaran Firman Tuhan, dengan meneladani Yesus sebagai Gembala Agung. Peran guru Kristen sebagai pembimbing tidak hanya berhenti pada pengetahuan dalam pembelajaran akademis, tetapi menjadi dampak bagi siswa untuk menjadi bagian dari pelayanan kepada Tuhan dan membangun orang lain sebagai anggota tubuh Kristus. Guru Kristen harus membimbing murid-muridnya untuk mencapai, yaitu: kesatuan iman kepada Kristus sebagai Tuhan dan Juruselamat dalam pengetahuan yang benar, kedewasaan yang menyeluruh, dan pertumbuhan yang sesuai dengan kepenuhan Kristus serta memastikan agar tidak terombang-ambing oleh gelombang pengajaran palsu yang mengabaikan Tuhan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa peran guru sebagai pembimbing adalah salah satu bentuk untuk memperlengkapi murid-muridnya agar bertumbuh semakin dewasa di dalam Kristus. Penulis menyarankan agar para guru Kristen memahami bahwa guru adalah panggilan Tuhan untuk menyatakan kebenaran Tuhan kepada murid-muridnya agar hidup mereka didasarkan pada pengajaran Alkitab, dan guru Kristen harus memahami kebutuhan murid-muridnya untuk mengenal Tuhan dan bertumbuh secara rohani agar semakin serupa dengan Kristus.

The world of education is evolving rapidly, both in terms of technology, teaching methodology, and educational theory. In response to these changes, teachers need to continue to develop their competences to remain relevant and effective in educating students. Teachers are often faced with different contextual challenges, such as large classrooms, students with diverse backgrounds, or less supportive learning environments. Developing teachers' competences can help them cope with these challenges better. This study aims to reveal the principal's leadership strategy in improving teacher professionalism. This research uses a mixed method approach, data sources include all teachers while data collection through interview techniques and documentation. The analysis uses continuous participatory techniques, through the stages of data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. This research used a mixed method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The research data obtained through the research conducted is by using the methods and instruments that the researcher determined on the previous page. This research instrument uses a questionnaire with data analysis techniques to describe the level of principal supervision in improving teacher competence in carrying out learning process activities. The results showed that the principal's strategy in improving teacher professionalism is by conducting training, teacher evaluation meetings, classroom supervision, motivating teachers, giving rewards and giving punishments, and through participatory leadership styles. The success of education cannot be separated from the principal's efforts as a leader in directing and motivating teachers, encouraging and conducting curriculum development training, classroom management strategies, the purpose of this training is to improve teacher professionalism as a behavior change in learning carried out in the classroom. In essence, the success of a leader when applying the form of leadership in life with the principles of time management and work time discipline as a priority scale in realizing maximum performance results. In academic supervision activities, principals guide teachers in compiling syllabi for each field of development at school or subjects at school based on content standards, competency standards and basic competencies usually in a school meeting.

This article examines the role and the function performed by Voz Operária during the Brazilian military dictatorship. Despite not abandoning its ideological principles, the monthly emerged in this period as a catalyst for a culture of resistance and democracy, appealing to a composite readership. By highlighting the rhetorical and visual stratagems employed by its editors, this article reveals how the interaction of narrative, caricatures, and woodcuts generated a common emotional realm, unifying the different souls of the opposition front

Humans can only understand salvation through God's revelation in the Bible. The Bible teaches that the matter of salvation is both God's sovereignty and man's inseparable responsibility, which is understood as a paradoxical concept. But in reality, 6 out of 11 Christian students do not understand the paradoxical truth about salvation taught by the Bible according to a randomly distributed survey. Christian students who have accepted theological doctrines should understand the paradoxical truth about salvation. An important aim of writing this essay is to show the understanding of Reformed theology (represented by John Calvin, Louis Berkhof, Anthony Hoekema, and J.I. Packer) regarding salvation as God's sovereignty and human responsibility using literary sources. Reformed theologians (Calvin, Berkhof, Hoekema, and Packer) accepted the paradoxical concept and believed that humans contribute to the regeneration of identity through God's grace. God's grace is the main reason humans can obey this. Therefore, understanding the concept of paradoxical truth must be accompanied by love and humility before God. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Manusia hanya dapat memahami keselamatan melalui wahyu Allah melalui Alkitab. Alkitab mengajarkan bahwa mengusahakan keselamatan adalah kedaulatan Tuhan dan tanggung jawab manusia yang tidak terpisahkan, yang dipahami sebagai konsep paradoks. Namun pada kenyataannya, 6 dari 11 mahasiswa Kristen tidak memahami kebenaran paradoksal tentang keselamatan yang diajarkan oleh Alkitab, berdasarkan survei yang disebarkan secara acak. Mahasiswa Kristen yang telah menerima doktrin teologi seharusnya memahami kebenaran paradoksal tentang mengerjakan keselamatan. Tujuan penting dari penulisan esai ini adalah untuk menunjukkan pemahaman teologi Reformed (yang diwakili oleh John Calvin, Louis Berkhof, Anthony Hoekema, dan Packer) mengenai keselamatan sebagai kedaulatan Allah dan tanggung jawab manusia atas keselamatan dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber literatur. Konsep paradoksal dalam mengerjakan keselamatan sebagai kedaulatan Allah dan tanggung jawab manusia. Kebenaran yang diajarkan oleh Alkitab, para teolog Reformed (Calvin, Berkhof, Hoekema, dan Packer) menerima konsep paradoksal dan percaya bahwa manusia berkontribusi dalam regenerasi identitas melalui kasih karunia Allah. Kasih karunia Allah sebagai penyebab utama manusia dapat taat mengerjakan keselamatan. Oleh karena itu, memahami konsep kebenaran paradoksal harus disertai dengan kasih dan kerendahan hati di hadapan Tuhan.

The aim of this paper is to provide some indications for carrying out the risk assessment for the activation of a production line of a radiopharmaceutical containing a positrons emitting radionuclide. The risk analysis was performed by following the ICH Q10 guideline and ISO 9001:2015 standards and by using the risk-based thinking approach applied to the entire production cycle. The overall analysis has shown that hard and soft skills of the expert group are key factors of success both in technical and radiopharmaceuticals-related preparations as well as in risk management methodologies.

Students’ learning activeness is crucial in the ongoing learning process. In fact, there are still students who do not have active in learning. Based on the observation, it was found that there were still students who did not have active in learning. Students never expressed opinions and questions, students were not enthusiastic, students played or talked with friends during the learning process, students hesitated to express opinions, students often got permission to leave class, and students did not contribute to group discussions. The solution to these problems is to apply the game method in learning. The aim is to explain that the application of the game method can increase the students’ activeness in learning during the learning process in the classroom. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method. The result is that the application of the game method can increase students’ learning activeness. It is marked by a change in the response showed by students in which students become enthusiastic while participating in learning, students actively ask and answer questions, and students are actively involved in discussions and some of them are in accordance with indicators of student’s learning activeness. Nevertheless, to obtain significant results, a teacher can apply this method repeatedly. As a Christian teacher, of course, the teacher must be able to use their abilities and intellect to see the problems that students are experiencing in class, then the teacher seeks the right solution based on Bible truth. The suggestion that can be given to teachers is to evaluate the problems of students’ learning activeness in order to be able to determine other methods that are more effective for the improvement of students’ learning activeness.

The problem in learning mathematics is the assumption that most students perceive mathematics as a boring subject, so that many students do not like mathematics. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative which was carried out at SMK Negeri 1 Umbunasi class X, Department of Office Management Automation, with a total of 31 students as subjects. The instruments used were 5 test questions and unstructured interview questions. Based on the results obtained, the percentage of students with very high scores was 3.22%, the percentage of students in the high category was 25.81%, the percentage of students in the medium category was 54.84% and the percentage of students in the low category was 16.13%.

Risk assessment and management during the entire production process of a radiopharmaceutical are pivotal factors in ensuring drug safety and quality. A methodology of quality risk assessment has been performed by integrating the advice reported in Eudralex, ICHQ, and ISO 9001, and its validity has been evaluated by applying it to real data collected in 21 months of activities of 18F-FDG production at Officina Farmaceutica, CNR-Pisa (Italy) to confirm whether the critical aspects that previously have been identified in the quality risk assessment were effective. The analysis of the results of the real data matched the hypotheses obtained from the model, and in particular, the most critical aspects were those related to human resources and staff organization with regard to management risk. Regarding the production process, the model of operational risk had predicted, as later confirmed by real data, that the most critical phase could be the synthesis and dispensing of the radiopharmaceuticals. So, the proposed method could be used by other similar radiopharmaceutical production sites to identify the critical phases of the production process and to act to improve performance and prevent failure in the entire cycle of radiopharmaceutical products.

In 2019 the National Standardization Agency (BSN) issued the latest Indonesian National Standard (SNI), namely SNI 1726:2019 concerning Procedures for Planning Earthquake Resistance for Building Structures and No Buildings. SNI 1726:2019 is a revision of SNI 1726:2012. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of displacement ratio in tall buildings between using SNI for Planning Procedures for Earthquake Resistance for Building Structures and Building Structures SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 1726:2019. The method used in this research is data analysis using numerical methods. Data analysis by analyzing steel building structures and modeling steel building designs using SAP2000. The results of the analysis show that the comparison of drift between floors in buildings using SNI 2012 and SNI 2019 is not very significant and is still within the allowable deviation limits.