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11. Morphine injection in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens and decreasing anxiety in rat

Author

Vaezi Gh, Zarrindast M r, and Salarian A

Subjects
Ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, elevated plusmaze, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Anxiety is a complex phenomenon with important results. In fact anxiety is a biologic process that has repetitive biological and physiological effect on the biological structure of brine. From long time ago anxiety and fear has bean one of the important psychological issues and for the control of anxiety different drugs with different mechanisms have been presented and understanding mechanisms that are involved lead us to newer drugs discovery. In this research the effect of morphine on the anxiety in the adult Male rats in the Ventral Tegmental area (VTA) and Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) was studied.Methods: The elevated plus maze was used in combination with the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the maze (OAT %) and the percentage of entries into the open arms (OAE %) to measure anxiety. Increases in the OAT% and OAE% indicate an anxiolytic effect (reduction in anxiety), whereas decreases in the OAE% and OAT% indicate an anxiogenic effect. Adult male rats, weighing 200-240 grams, underwent surgery. After five days, the rats were injected with saline and three different doses of morphine (2.5, 5, and 7.5 µl/rat). Experiment one included the injections into the VTA. In the second experiment, these injections were in the NAc. Behavioral tests were conducted between 12 pm and 4 pm and each animal was used once for each experiment.Results: In the first experiment, although these doses of morphine injected into the TVA had no effect on the OAE%, a dose of 5µl/rat increased the OAT%, showing a decrease in the animals' anxiety. In the second experiment, doses of 2.5µl/rat injected into the NAc induced a significant increase in the OAT% and OAE%, there by displaying decreased anxiety in the animal. However, no significant change in the activity of the animals was observed.Conclusion: As a Result of these experiments, it seems that different doses of morphine can decrease anxiety, probably through interaction with gabaergic system.

Published
2007

34. Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead

Author

Ekhtiari, H. (Hamed), Tavakoli, H. (Hosna), Addolorato, G. (Giovanni), Baeken, C. (Chris), Bonci, A. (Antonello), Campanella, S. (Salvatore), Castelo-Branco, L. (Luis), Challet-Bouju, G. (Gaëlle), Clark, V.P., Claus, E. (Eric), Dannon, P.N. (Pinhas N.), Del Felice, A. (Alessandra), den Uyl, T. (Tess), Diana, M. (Marco), di Giannantonio, M. (Massimo), Fedota, J.R. (John R.), Fitzgerald, P. (Paul), Gallimberti, L. (Luigi), Grall-Bronnec, M. (Marie), Herremans, S.C. (Sarah C.), Herrmann, M.J. (Martin J.), Jamil, A. (Asif), Khedr, E. (Eman), Kouimtsidis, C. (Christos), Kozak, K. (Karolina), Krupitsky, E. (Evgeny), Lamm, C. (Claus), Lechner, W.V. (William V.), Madeo, G. (Graziella), Malmir, N. (Nastaran), Martinotti, G. (Giovanni), McDonald, W.M. (William M.), Montemitro, C. (Chiara), Nakamura-Palacios, E.M. (Ester M.), Nasehi, M. (Mohammad), Noël, X. (Xavier), Nosratabadi, M. (Masoud), Paulus, M. (Martin), Pettorruso, M. (Mauro), Pradhan, B. (Basant), Praharaj, S.K. (Samir K.), Rafferty, H. (Haley), Sahlem, G. (Gregory), Salmeron, B.J. (Betty jo), Sauvaget, A. (Anne), Schluter, R.S. (Renée S.), Sergiou, C.S. (Carmen), Shahbabaie, A. (Alireza), Sheffer, C. (Christine), Spagnolo, P.A. (Primavera A.), Steele, V.R. (Vaughn R.), Yuan, T.-F. (Ti-fei), Dongen, J.D.M. (Josanne) van, Van Waes, V. (Vincent), Venkatasubramanian, G. (Ganesan), Verdejo-García, A. (Antonio), Verveer, I. (Ilse), Welsh, J.W. (Justine W.), Wesley, M.J. (Michael J.), Witkiewitz, K. (Katie), Yavari, F. (Fateme), Zarrindast, M.-R. (Mohammad-Reza), Zawertailo, L. (Laurie), Zhang, X. (Xiaochu), Cha, Y.-H. (Yoon-Hee), George, T.P. (Tony P.), Frohlich, F. (Flavio), Goudriaan, A.E. (Anna), Fecteau, S. (Shirley), Daughters, S.B. (Stacey B.), Stein, E.A. (Elliot A.), Fregni, F. (Felipe), Nitsche, M.A. (Michael A.), Zangen, A. (Abraham), Bikson, M. (Marom), Hanlon, C.A. (Colleen A.), Ekhtiari, H. (Hamed), Tavakoli, H. (Hosna), Addolorato, G. (Giovanni), Baeken, C. (Chris), Bonci, A. (Antonello), Campanella, S. (Salvatore), Castelo-Branco, L. (Luis), Challet-Bouju, G. (Gaëlle), Clark, V.P., Claus, E. (Eric), Dannon, P.N. (Pinhas N.), Del Felice, A. (Alessandra), den Uyl, T. (Tess), Diana, M. (Marco), di Giannantonio, M. (Massimo), Fedota, J.R. (John R.), Fitzgerald, P. (Paul), Gallimberti, L. (Luigi), Grall-Bronnec, M. (Marie), Herremans, S.C. (Sarah C.), Herrmann, M.J. (Martin J.), Jamil, A. (Asif), Khedr, E. (Eman), Kouimtsidis, C. (Christos), Kozak, K. (Karolina), Krupitsky, E. (Evgeny), Lamm, C. (Claus), Lechner, W.V. (William V.), Madeo, G. (Graziella), Malmir, N. (Nastaran), Martinotti, G. (Giovanni), McDonald, W.M. (William M.), Montemitro, C. (Chiara), Nakamura-Palacios, E.M. (Ester M.), Nasehi, M. (Mohammad), Noël, X. (Xavier), Nosratabadi, M. (Masoud), Paulus, M. (Martin), Pettorruso, M. (Mauro), Pradhan, B. (Basant), Praharaj, S.K. (Samir K.), Rafferty, H. (Haley), Sahlem, G. (Gregory), Salmeron, B.J. (Betty jo), Sauvaget, A. (Anne), Schluter, R.S. (Renée S.), Sergiou, C.S. (Carmen), Shahbabaie, A. (Alireza), Sheffer, C. (Christine), Spagnolo, P.A. (Primavera A.), Steele, V.R. (Vaughn R.), Yuan, T.-F. (Ti-fei), Dongen, J.D.M. (Josanne) van, Van Waes, V. (Vincent), Venkatasubramanian, G. (Ganesan), Verdejo-García, A. (Antonio), Verveer, I. (Ilse), Welsh, J.W. (Justine W.), Wesley, M.J. (Michael J.), Witkiewitz, K. (Katie), Yavari, F. (Fateme), Zarrindast, M.-R. (Mohammad-Reza), Zawertailo, L. (Laurie), Zhang, X. (Xiaochu), Cha, Y.-H. (Yoon-Hee), George, T.P. (Tony P.), Frohlich, F. (Flavio), Goudriaan, A.E. (Anna), Fecteau, S. (Shirley), Daughters, S.B. (Stacey B.), Stein, E.A. (Elliot A.), Fregni, F. (Felipe), Nitsche, M.A. (Michael A.), Zangen, A. (Abraham), Bikson, M. (Marom), and Hanlon, C.A. (Colleen A.)

Abstract

There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a novel treatment option for substance-use disorders (SUDs). Recent momentum stems from a foundation of preclinical neuroscience demonstrating links between neural circuits and drug consuming behavior, as well as recent FDA-approval of NIBS treatments for mental health disorders that share overlapping pathology with SUDs. As with any emerging field, enthusiasm must be tempered by reason; lessons learned from the past should be prudently applied to future therapies. Here, an international ensemble of experts provides an overview of the state of transcranial-electrical (tES) and transcranial-magnetic (TMS) stimulation applied in SUDs. This consensus paper provides a systematic literature review on published data – emphasizing the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures while suggesting strategies to help bridge knowledge gaps. The goal of this effort is to provide the community with guidelines for best practices in tES/TMS SUD research. We hope this will accelerate the speed at which the community translates basic neuroscience into advanced neuromodulation tools for clinical practice in addiction medicine.

Published
2019
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35. Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead

Author

Ekhtiari, H., Tavakoli, H., Addolorato, Giovanni, Baeken, C., Bonci, Antonello, Campanella, Salvatore, Castelo-Branco, L., Challet-Bouju, G., Clark, V. P., Claus, E., Dannon, P. N., Del Felice, A., den Uyl, T., Diana, Maria Letizia, Di Giannantonio, Massimo, Fedota, J. R., Fitzgerald, P., Gallimberti, L., Grall-Bronnec, M., Herremans, S. C., Herrmann, M. J., Jamil, A., Khedr, E., Kouimtsidis, C., Kozak, K., Krupitsky, E., Lamm, C., Lechner, W. V., Madeo, G., Malmir, N., Martinotti, Giovanni, Mcdonald, W. M., Montemitro, C., Nakamura-Palacios, E. M., Nasehi, M., Noel, X., Nosratabadi, M., Paulus, M., Pettorruso, Mauro, Pradhan, B., Praharaj, S. K., Rafferty, H., Sahlem, G., Salmeron, B. J., Sauvaget, A., Schluter, R. S., Sergiou, C., Shahbabaie, A., Sheffer, C., Spagnolo, P. A., Steele, V. R., Yuan, T. -F., van Dongen, J. D. M., Van Waes, V., Venkatasubramanian, G., Verdejo-Garcia, A., Verveer, I., Welsh, J. W., Wesley, M. J., Witkiewitz, K., Yavari, F., Zarrindast, M. -R., Zawertailo, L., Zhang, X., Cha, Y. -H., George, T. P., Frohlich, F., Goudriaan, A. E., Fecteau, S., Daughters, S. B., Stein, E. A., Fregni, F., Nitsche, M. A., Zangen, A., Bikson, M., Hanlon, C. A., Addolorato G. (ORCID:0000-0002-1522-9946), Bonci A., Campanella S., Diana M., di Giannantonio M., Martinotti G., Pettorruso M., Ekhtiari, H., Tavakoli, H., Addolorato, Giovanni, Baeken, C., Bonci, Antonello, Campanella, Salvatore, Castelo-Branco, L., Challet-Bouju, G., Clark, V. P., Claus, E., Dannon, P. N., Del Felice, A., den Uyl, T., Diana, Maria Letizia, Di Giannantonio, Massimo, Fedota, J. R., Fitzgerald, P., Gallimberti, L., Grall-Bronnec, M., Herremans, S. C., Herrmann, M. J., Jamil, A., Khedr, E., Kouimtsidis, C., Kozak, K., Krupitsky, E., Lamm, C., Lechner, W. V., Madeo, G., Malmir, N., Martinotti, Giovanni, Mcdonald, W. M., Montemitro, C., Nakamura-Palacios, E. M., Nasehi, M., Noel, X., Nosratabadi, M., Paulus, M., Pettorruso, Mauro, Pradhan, B., Praharaj, S. K., Rafferty, H., Sahlem, G., Salmeron, B. J., Sauvaget, A., Schluter, R. S., Sergiou, C., Shahbabaie, A., Sheffer, C., Spagnolo, P. A., Steele, V. R., Yuan, T. -F., van Dongen, J. D. M., Van Waes, V., Venkatasubramanian, G., Verdejo-Garcia, A., Verveer, I., Welsh, J. W., Wesley, M. J., Witkiewitz, K., Yavari, F., Zarrindast, M. -R., Zawertailo, L., Zhang, X., Cha, Y. -H., George, T. P., Frohlich, F., Goudriaan, A. E., Fecteau, S., Daughters, S. B., Stein, E. A., Fregni, F., Nitsche, M. A., Zangen, A., Bikson, M., Hanlon, C. A., Addolorato G. (ORCID:0000-0002-1522-9946), Bonci A., Campanella S., Diana M., di Giannantonio M., Martinotti G., and Pettorruso M.

Abstract

There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a novel treatment option for substance-use disorders (SUDs). Recent momentum stems from a foundation of preclinical neuroscience demonstrating links between neural circuits and drug consuming behavior, as well as recent FDA-approval of NIBS treatments for mental health disorders that share overlapping pathology with SUDs. As with any emerging field, enthusiasm must be tempered by reason; lessons learned from the past should be prudently applied to future therapies. Here, an international ensemble of experts provides an overview of the state of transcranial-electrical (tES) and transcranial-magnetic (TMS) stimulation applied in SUDs. This consensus paper provides a systematic literature review on published data – emphasizing the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures while suggesting strategies to help bridge knowledge gaps. The goal of this effort is to provide the community with guidelines for best practices in tES/TMS SUD research. We hope this will accelerate the speed at which the community translates basic neuroscience into advanced neuromodulation tools for clinical practice in addiction medicine.

Published
2019

36. The role of glutamatergic pathway between septum and hippocampus in the memory formation

Author

Fatemeh Khakpai, Zarrindast, M. R., Nasehi, M., Haeri-Rohani, A., and Eidi, A.

Subjects
memory, septo-hippocampal, learning, nervous system, hippocampus, Review Article, hippocampo-septal, septum
Abstract

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a subtype of glutamate receptor that is presented in highest density in the hippocampus and septum. NMDA receptors of the septum and the hippocampus are involved in cognitive performance, especially in learning and memory processes. The septum nucleus and hippocampal formation are two regions of the limbic system. The septum and the hippocampus are anatomically and functionally connected to each other. These areas made the septo-hippocampal and hippocampo-septal pathways, which are implicated in the cognitive processes. The activity of septal and hippocampal neurons is modulated by several neurotransmitters such as glutamate. Thus, changes in the glutamatergic transmission in the septum and hippocampus may influence learning and memory processes in these pathways., EXCLI Journal ; Vol. 12, 2013

Published
2013

37. Effect of Morphine-Sensitization in D2 Receptor Gene Expression in the Mice Brain in the Absence and Presence of Lithium Chloride

Author

Mehregan, H., Sadeghizadeh, M., Zarrindast, M. R., Kayhan Azadmanesh, Jahanshahi, A., Shirzad, H., and Saadati, M.

Subjects
D2 Receptor, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, Real-Time PCR, Lithium Chloride, lcsh:Science, Morphine Sensitization
Abstract

Objective: In this study we have investigated the changes in D2 receptor expression levelin morphine-sensitized mice, in the absence and presence of lithium chloride (LiCl). Theresult would pave the way to comprehend and confront this complicated event.Materials and Methods: Male NMRI mice, weighing 20-25g, were used in this study.They were divided into six groups. The first group received 0.9% saline as the controlgroup and the other group was treated with morphine sulphate (30 mg/kg). LiCl (5 and 10mg/kg treatments) was separately performed in two other groups. The final two groupswere simultaneously treated with morphine sulphate (30 mg/kg) and LiCl (5 mg/kg) inone group and morphine sulphate (30 mg/kg) accompanied by LiCl (10 mg/kg) in theother group. All injections were performed intraperitoneally and once daily. After a fiveday wash-out, mice were decapitated and the brain regions which included the striatum,prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus were extracted. Using relative Real-Timepolymerase chain reaction (PCR), the expression levels of the long (D2L) and short (D2S)isoforms of the D2 receptor were investigated.Results: Morphine treatment leads to a significant increase (p

Published
2010

38. Investigating the Role of P-CREB and c-Fos protein Expression in Nicotine-Induced Anxiogenesis in Rats.

Author

Zarrindast, M., Rezayof, A., Sahebgharani, M., Tavangar, S. M., Omidi, A., and Bashiri, H.

Subjects
*NICOTINE, *ANXIETY, *CARRIER proteins, *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, *PROTEIN expression
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nicotine is one of the most common addictive substances that has many effects on the central nervous system, including dose-dependent anxiety that is mediated by various proteins. Since the mechanisms and proteins involved in nicotine anxiety are unclear, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of p-CREB (cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein) and c-Fos proteins in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) on nicotine-induced anxiety behaviours. METHODS: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 7 (saline, nicotine 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in behavioral experiment and four groups of 3 (control: no injection and test, Saline, nicotine 0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg) in immunohistochemical experiments. Anxiety-like behaviours were evaluated with % OAT (Open Arm Time), %OAE (Open Arm Entry), and locomotor activity in the elevated plus maze. The expression of p-CREB and c-Fos proteins in BLA region was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. FINDINGS: Intraperitoneal administration of nicotine at a dose of 0.7mg/kg decreased %OAT (5.4±0.42) and %OAE (29.4±0.61) compared to saline group (15.2±0.82) and (42.1±0.45), indicating an anxiety-like effect (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in the expression of p-CREB (H(3)= 6.99, p<0.05) and c-Fos (H(3)=13.11, p<0.01) protein in the BLA between treatment groups. P-CREB protein expression was higher in the BLA area of control group than in the other groups. C-Fos protein expression was significantly lower in the BLA region of the animals of control, nicotine 0.3 mg/kg and 0.7 mg/kg groups compared to saline group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that systemic administration of nicotine induced anxiety-like behaviors at high doses. Also, the expression of P-CREB and c-Fos protein was unchanged and decreased in the treatment groups, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

41. New Dimension in Drug Addiction Therapy

Author

Zarrindast, M. -R, Hedayat Sahraei, and Dejakam, H.

Subjects
lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, lcsh:RC321-571
Published
2010

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