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Aim: Our study aims to investigate the safety and effectiveness of sentinel lymph node biopsy using indocyanine green (ICG) for the surgical staging of early‐stage endometrial cancer in comparison to technetium‐99 m use. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study with patients diagnosed of endometrial cancer and FIGO stages I‐II. All participants were injected technetium‐99m the day prior to the surgery and underwent lymphoscintigraphy along with single‐photon emission computed tomography. In addition, all patients were administered intraoperatively ICG injection to detect sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgical staging was then completed according to the European Society for Medical Oncology preoperative risk category. Data obtained from the analysis of technetium‐99m detection was compared to ICG detection. Results: A total of 53 women with endometrial cancer were included in the study, 49 (92.5%) of them showed drainage preoperatively in the single‐photon emission computed tomography and/or lymphoscintigraphy. The intraoperative bilateral detection rate for technetium‐99 m was 26 (49.1%) patients compared to 40 (75.5%) patients with ICG (p = 0.013). We observed a 42.5% increase in the mean number of lymph nodes retrieved by ICG compared to technetium‐99m (2.85 vs 2,0 nodes; p = 0.002). We intraoperatively identified 164 lymph nodes, 104 (63.4%) located in both obturator areas and external iliac vessels. Conclusion: The use of ICG for the performance of sentinel node biopsy in patients with endometrial cancer seems safe and could be superior to technetium‐99 m, since it offers a higher bilateral detection rate and nodal retrieval, resulting in the possibility to perform safely less full staging lymphadenectomies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to understand the potential complications of the Essure® device as well as the factors influencing its onset and patient satisfaction. We present a 9-year descriptive prospective study that included 1068 patients. The device was placed in 1056 of them (98.8%); 894 had no pain or mild pain during the insertion and only 12 patients experienced pain greater than menstrual pain. The proportion of patients without pain was greater in the group that took NSAIDs or NSAIDs and BZD and the unmedicated group had the highest rate of severe pain (p = .00). In all, 161 of the 1064 patients who had the Essure® inserted reported having an adverse effect during the 3-months post-insertion (pelvic pain or discomfort). The mean score out of 10 attributed to this method was 9.06 (S = 1.11). We concluded that the Essure® shows a low rate of complications and users showed a high degree of satisfaction. Impact statement What is already known on this subject: There are few international publications on Essure®. When we conducted a search in PubMed for the term 'Essure', we obtained 221 publications. When we added the terms 'Essure and complications', we obtained 20 publications, and when we increased the restriction including 'satisfaction', we obtained seven; thus, the uniqueness of our study. What the results of this study add: We present a 9-year descriptive prospective study that included 1068 patients. The aim of this study was to understand the potential complications of the Essure® device (Bayer, Whippany, NJ), as well as factors that can influence its onset and the patient satisfaction. The device was placed in 1056 of the patients (98.8%); 894 had no pain or mild pain during the insertion and only 12 patients experienced pain greater than menstrual pain. The proportion of patients without pain was greater in the group that took NSAIDs or NSAIDs and BZD and the unmedicated group had the highest rate of severe pain (p=.00). What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Our study shows a low rate of complications with Essure®, mild and transient in most cases, as well as a high degree satisfaction. Nevertheless, given the few published studies on this device, we believe that long-term follow-up is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To analyse the outcomes of patients undergoing Essure sterilization in a single institution, interns of complications and technique failure., Patients and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of 517 patients underwent definitive contraception with Essure device in outpatient hysteroscopy office without anesthesia and controlled at 3 months with abdominal radiography, ultrasonography and hysterosalpingography in selected cases., Results: The success rates of the insertion of Essure was 96.8%, similar to data reported in the literature with 3.7% of vagal reactions, as most prevalent complication. 7 (1.35%) unintended pregnancies were observed., Conclusions: Essure is a permanent birth control device, with high rate of successful insertion and a low rate of complications. Unintended pregnancies in our study are high and we must change the protocols of placement and monitoring, considering hysterosalpingography as a routine control test.

Background: Studies have shown that breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma develops from precursor lesions or pre-invasive. It is accepted that the risk of invasive ductal carcinoma increased slightly in hyperplasia, but especially in cases of atypical hyperplasia and intraductal carcinoma., Objectives: To evaluate and compare the nodal status between ductal breast cancer with in situ component (group 1) or without it (group 2)., Material and Method: Descriptive and retrospective study that included 454 ductal breast cancers. Data concerning clinical and pathological variables was collected. All data was compared between both groups., Results: Among all cases, 176 (38.8%) showed positive lymph nodes, 136 patients (39.5%) from group 1 and 40 cases (36.4%) from group 2. Among group 1 cases, high-grade subgroup showed higher positive lymph node rate (82 cases, 55.4%) than the extensive in situ carcinomas subgroup (84 cases, 49.7%). Both of them had a significant higher rate than group 2 cases (p = 0.003 y p = 0.028, respectively). Moreover, the low-grade in situ carcinomas without cellular necrosi had positive lymph nodes just in 30 cases (24%), significantly lower (p = 0.034) than group 2., Conclusions: We did not find overall statistical differences between groups depending on in situ associated component. But when we analyzed in situ subgroups, we found differences with higher positive lymph node rate in high grade carcinomas and extensive in situ carcinomas subgroups, while lower affectation rates were observed in low grade carcinomas (without cellular necrosis), compared to the group of breast cancers without in situ component associated.

Objective: To measure the vascularization and ovarian volume with three-dimensional sonography in patients diagnosed of polycystic ovary syndrome with stimulated ovulation treatment, and to analyse the differences between the patients treated with clomiphen citrate versus clomiphen citrate and metformin., Material and Method: Therty patients were studied. Twenty ovulation cycles were obtained with clomiphen citrate and 17 with clomiphen citrate plus merformin (added in case of obesity or hyperglucemy/hyperinsulinemia). Ovarian volumes and vascular indexes were studied with 3D-sonography and results were analysed by treatment., Results: There were no statistical differences of ovarian volume by treatment along the cycles, although bigger volume were found in ovulatory cycles compared to non-ovulatory ones (20,36 versus 13,89 ml, p = 0,026). No statistical differences were also found concerning vascular indexes, neither by treatment nor by the obtention of ovulation in the cycle., Conclusions: Ovarian volume and vascular indexes measured with three-dimensional sonography in patients diagnosed of polycystic ovary syndrome do not show differents values in patients treated with clomiphen citrate alone versus clomiphen citrate plus metformin.

Aims: The utility of the valuation-measurement of the nasal bone in the prognosis of chromosomopaties during the second trimester of the pregnancy is demonstrated., Objective: To evaluate the repeatability of nasal bone measurement during second trimester with bidimensional and three-dimensional sonography., Material and Method: Nasal bone was measured in 50 single pregnancies. First observer carried out two measures of nasal bone with bidimensional sonography, and 1 measure with three-dimensional sonography. Second observer carried out just one measure with bidimensional sonography (2D) and just another one with three-dimensional sonography (3D). We studied the intraobserver variability with 2D sonography, and the interobserver variability with 2D and 3D sonography., Results: 2D-sonography: nasal bone measurement showed excellent intraobserver correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0,87 (CI 95%: 0,78-0,93) and a little means difference of 0,18 (SD: 0,74). Indeed, there was a good interobserver correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0,92 (CI 95%: 0,85-0,95), and a means difference of 0,14 (SD: 0,56). 3D-sonography: there was a acceptable interobserver correlation with correlation coefficient of 0,70 (CI 95%: 0,52-0,82)., Conclusion: Nasal bone measurement is highly reproducible by means of bidimensional sonography while using three-dimensional sonography, the results are just acceptable.

Background: Urogenital prolapse is a condition that affects 1 to 43% of post-hysterectomized patients. Since several years some synthetic meshes have been used to repair pelvic floor, and apparently they have advantages over them predecessors., Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and security of polypropylene meshes in the repair of urogenital prolapse., Material and Method: Retrospective and non-randomized study in 106 patients that had different kinds of urogenital prolapse repaired using polypropylene meshes. The follow-up was carried out by two visits to the hospital, 2 and 6 months after surgery. The variables analyzed were age, parity, menopause presence, kind of surgical technique, surgical time, time at hospital and complications. Afterwards, the information was analyzed descriptively., Results: Average age was 64.4 years. The rate of multiparity and menopause women was 91.51% and 92.45% respectively. The most used surgical technique was the anterior mesh with tension-free band (34,90%) to repair the associated urinary incontinence. The rate of intraoperatory complications was 2.8%, immediate complications was 37.7% and late complications was 21.6%. The success rate after 6 months was 80 to 100%, depending on the technique., Conclusions: There is a low rate of intraoperatory and medium-term complications in the reconstructive surgery of pelvic floor for the urogenital prolapses using polypropylene meshes, which makes this technique a secure and effective option for the treatment of this problem.

We report a case of fetal chylothorax handled with intrauterine treatment, which finally died. Diagnosis, treatment and evolution are reviewed. Characteristics of the disease are described and treatment options are discussed.