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The present studywas designed to synthesize lanthanum doped feathers-typeZnOnano-flower (feathers-type La3+-ZnO nano-flower), that are specified via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). To simultaneously determine codeine and diclofenac using feather-type La3+-ZnO nano-flower modified carbon paste electrode (La3+-ZnO/CPE), an original cost-efficient and simple methodology is presented. Evidently, La3+-ZnO/CPE proved to be a prospective, stable, sensitive and chemically reliable electrochemical sensor to determine diclofenac and codeine simultaneously with no intervention or overlapping of voltammetric peaks or signals. Codeine electroanalytical sensing was examined via La3+-ZnO/CPE across an extensive concentration range at a relatively low detection limit of 0.01µM, (3S/N). La3+-ZnO/CPE of nanoscale feathers-type La3+-ZnO structure displays favorable practicality in analytical terms to accurately and simultaneously determine diclofenac and codeine within real specimens with exceptional recoveries. The outcomes prove exceptional La3+-ZnO/CPE performance in regard to facile, reliability and sensing capabilities which may favorably decrease the relevant processing expenses for routine analysis and scalable production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an electrochemical sensor was applied for the determination of theophylline, a bronchodilator drug, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was modified with the La2O3/MWCNT nanocomposite. The design is simplistic, efficient, greener and solvent-free microwave procedure for synthesizing La2O3/MWCNT nanocomposites. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are used to characterize the features of the La2O3/MWCNT nanocomposite morphology and structure. The use of the modified sensor remarkably enhanced the current density and displayed a linear response ranging between 0.1 and 400.0 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.01 μM (S/N = 3). Using optimized conditions, the modified sensor demonstrated very good stability, selectivity and improved accuracy. Acceptable outputs were achieved in the analysis of real specimens, indicating that it is possible to use the modified sensor for practical analyses.