Fabrication of a New Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Codeine and Diclofenac Using Synergic Effect of Feather-Type La3+-ZnO Nano-Flower.

The present studywas designed to synthesize lanthanum doped feathers-typeZnOnano-flower (feathers-type La³⁺-ZnO nano-flower), that are specified via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). To simultaneously determine codeine and diclofenac using feather-type La³⁺-ZnO nano-flower modified carbon paste electrode (La³⁺-ZnO/CPE), an original cost-efficient and simple methodology is presented. Evidently, La³⁺-ZnO/CPE proved to be a prospective, stable, sensitive and chemically reliable electrochemical sensor to determine diclofenac and codeine simultaneously with no intervention or overlapping of voltammetric peaks or signals. Codeine electroanalytical sensing was examined via La³⁺-ZnO/CPE across an extensive concentration range at a relatively low detection limit of 0.01µM, (3S/N). La³⁺-ZnO/CPE of nanoscale feathers-type La³⁺-ZnO structure displays favorable practicality in analytical terms to accurately and simultaneously determine diclofenac and codeine within real specimens with exceptional recoveries. The outcomes prove exceptional La³⁺-ZnO/CPE performance in regard to facile, reliability and sensing capabilities which may favorably decrease the relevant processing expenses for routine analysis and scalable production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]