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Zaischnopsis lii Jiang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD097B05-9AAD-4311-A849-49AE9AB8BFF3 Figs 3, 7C, I, 8G, K–O, 9E–F Diagnosis Head with dorsal margin of scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 0.23 × diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 3C); OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 7.2: 8.9: 10.4; antennal clava 3× as long as width, and margins between each clava segment sinuate (Fig. 9F). Metatibia yellowish-brown to brown, basal half of dorsal margin milky white (Fig. 3A). Fore wing disc infuscate with dense brown setae beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally except for one inconspicuous and irregular shaped hyaline spot behind marginal vein (Fig. 3F). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly V-shaped; plical region comparatively long (Figs 3I, 10C). Etymology Named in honor of Li Wenliang (12 Oct. 1986 ‒ 7 Feb. 2020), an ophthalmologist, who was one of the first people to warn about the outbreak of COVID-19, but passed away after being infected with COVID- 19 in Wuhan. He won the China youth Wusi Medal. Material examined Holotype CHINA – Guangxi Prov. • ♀; 广M省大ḤƜ自‼保ÑṂae堂Ɯ [Shengtangshan, Dayaoshan natural reserve]; 15 Aug. 2019; Pang Guilin leg.; DNA 647; FAFU. Paratypes CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • 1 ♀; KM省安康市ffiDz坝Ḇ子NJ [Xiezigou, Xunyangba, Ankang City]; 25 Jul.–22 Oct. 2017; Malaise trap; DNA 670; FAFU • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; DNA 671; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 6.0 mm. HEAD (Fig. 3C–E). Dark with purple and green metallic luster under some angles of light, with scrobal depression dark blue (Fig. 3C), interantennal prominence dark purple to black (Fig. 3C), parascrobal region and lower face greenish-purple (Fig. 3C), frons black, and vertex and temple black to dark green (Fig. 3D). Setae (Fig. 7C, I) of lower part of parascrobal region, interantennal prominence and lower face white and lanceolate, setae of upper part of parascrobal region, frons (Fig. 7I), gena (Fig. 8G), vertex and occiput brown and hair-like; maxillary and labial palpi dark brown (Fig. 3C). Head in frontal view 1.22 × as wide as high; in dorsal view width 1.73 × length, with interocular distance 0.20 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view 1.40 × as high as long. Eye height about 1.12 × width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 3.35 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.46 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 7.2: 8.9: 10.4. Face (Figs 3C, 7C) with parascrobal region very narrow, interantennal region reticulate, scrobal depression deep and ∩-like, imbricate to reticulate, dorsal margin delimited, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 0.23 × diameter of anterior ocellus; lower orbit above level of dorsal margin of torulus; lower face reticulate; vertex coriaceous posterior to ocelli, temple imbricate; frons imbricate to coriaceous. Antennal (Figs 3G, 9E–F) scape and pedicel with yellowish-purple metallic luster, 1 st to 3 rd funicular segments with slight purple luster, and other segments dark brown, setae brown; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 40(10), pedicel 9.5(5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 6(4), 15.5(5), 19(5), 22(6.5), 15.5(7.5), 14(8), 11(8), 8(9), clava 30(10). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 3B), with dark purple metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; divided medially, pentagonal, reticulate. Mesoscutum (Figs 3B, 8K) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobes carinate posteriorly, yellowish-green with lateral lobes slightly purple, anterior convex region with white hair-like setae (Fig. 8L), setae of posterior depressed region light brown and lanceolate (Fig. 8M), and lateral lobe with setae white and lanceolate (Fig. 8N). Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 3B) rusty with slight green luster, setae brown and hair-like (Figs 3B, 8O); disc flat (Figs 3B, 8K) with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.5× as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 3H) black with green to purple metallic luster; tegula with light brown hair-like setae; mesopectus dark purple, with long white hair-like setae linearly arranged along acropleural sulcus; acropleuron black with purple and green metallic luster. Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron distinctly imbricate. Propodeum (Figs 3H–I, 10C) black with blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly V-shaped; plical region long, reticulate, with one patch of setae anterior of spiracle, callus almost smooth and bare, but with long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 3F) with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline, with long brown setae, but slight infuscate at base, mediocubital fold with sparse brown setae; disc infuscate behind parastigma and stigma vein, with dense brown setae and gradually lightened distally, with one inconspicuous and irregularly shaped hyaline region behind marginal vein; fore wing extended near apex of gaster, stigmal vein distinctly bent distally to parallel anterior margin, with SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 11.0: 10.0: 7.0: 3.6. Fore leg (Fig. 3A) with knee brown, femur and tibia black, tarsus yellowish-brown; middle leg with femur black, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown, spur black, tibial spur shorter than basitarsus; hind leg with femur black except basal part brown, knee brown, tibia yellowish brown to brown, basal half of dorsal margin milky white, tarsus brown, basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 3A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown to black with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance as long as length of basal three metatarsomeres. Remarks The fore wing color pattern of females of Z. lii sp. nov. resembles to some extent that of some females of Z. zhongi sp. nov., but they are distinguished by their ∩-like scrobal depression shape compared to the much narrower scrobal depression of females of Z. zhongi (Fig. 7F). Further, the clava of Z. lii is much longer than that of females of the other new species described in this paper, and the margin between each clava segment is S-shaped curved (Fig. 9F). Distribution China: Shaanxi (Palaearctic); Guangxi (Oriental). Variation The length of females of this new species varies from about 5.7 to 6.1 mm; one paratype has the scape slightly expanded, the relative length(width) is 36(10); hind legs of the paratype are bright orange, except the outer sides of the femora are black.

Zaischnopsis campaniformis Tang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9ED76BA3-DD89-47DA-B9AD-8B2140D19904 Figs 5, 7E, H, 8B, I, 9G–H, 10E Diagnosis Head with scrobal depression bell-shaped, dorsal margin separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 1.53 × diameter of anterior ocellus (Figs 5C, 7E); OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 7.0: 12.5: 10.0; antennal clava short, about 1.6× as long as wide (Fig. 5F). Tibiae black, except metatibia with basal half of dorsal margin milky-white (Fig. 5A). Fore wing disc infuscate with dark brown setae beyond level of parastigma except gradually lightened distally where more hyaline, and with one subtriangular hyaline spot behind marginal vein distally (Fig. 5E). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly U-shaped; plical region comparatively long (Figs 5I, 10E). Etymology From the Latin word ‘ campana ’ (‘bell’) in reference to the bell-shape of scrobal depression (Fig. 5C). Material examined Holotype CHINA – Guangxi Prov. • ♀; 广M省上思º+„大Ɯ自‼保ÑṂ [Shiwandashan national park, Shangsi County]; 27 Aug. 2019; Li Tao leg.; DNA 640; FAFU. Paratype CHINA – Guangxi Prov. • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DNA 641; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 5.1 mm. HEAD (Fig. 5C–D, H). Dark with blue, green or yellow metallic luster, as follows: scrobal depression metallic greenish-blue (Fig. 5C), interantennal prominence, parascrobal region and lower face more golden-green (Fig. 5C), frons golden-yellow with slight purple metallic luster (Fig. 5D), vertex and temple green with golden-yellow metallic luster under some angles of light (Fig. 5D). Setae of lower face (Fig. 5C), interantennal prominence, lower part of parascrobal region (Fig. 5C), and gena (Figs 5H, 8I) white and lanceolate, setae of upper part of parascrobal region (Figs 5C, 8B), frons (Figs 5D, 7H) and vertex (Fig. 5D) brown and hair-like; maxillary and labial palpi black (Fig. 5C). Head in frontal view 1.18× as wide as high; in dorsal view width 1.51 × length, with interocular distance 0.16 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view 1.22× as high as long. Eye height about equal to width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 4 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.51 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 7.0: 12.5: 10.0. Face with parascrobal region narrow, interantennal region reticulate (Fig. 7E), scrobal depression (Fig. 7E) deep and bell-shaped, imbricate, dorsal margin delimited, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 1.53× diameter of anterior ocellus; lower orbit above level of dorsal margin of torulus; lower face coriaceous; vertex and temple imbricate. Antennal (Figs 5F, 9G–H) scape and pedicel with yellowishgreen metallic luster, flagellum dark brown, 1 st and 2 nd segments of funicle with greenish-yellow metallic luster; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 40(10), pedicel 19(4.5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 4.5(5), 20(6), 20(7.5), 20(11.5), 9.5(11), 9(12), 6.5(11.5), 5.5(12), clava 22.5(14). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 5B), dark with reddish-green to blue metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; divided medially, pentagonal, imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 5B) slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly; dark with slight greenishblue metallic luster, anterior convex region dark brown with brown hair-like setae, setae of posterior depressed region and lateral lobe white and lanceolate. Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 5B) dark purple with green metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; disc flat with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.71 × as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 5G) dark brown to yellowish-brown; tegula dark brown with white hair-like setae; mesopectus dark purple, with long hair-like white setae; acropleuron reddish-purple with green metallic luster; mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron very finely longitudinally imbricate to coriaceous. Propodeum (Figs 5I, 10E) dark blue with slight greenish-blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly U-shaped; plical region comparatively long, reticulate, with one patch of setae adjacent to spiracle anteriorly, callus coriaceous and bare, except with long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 5E) extended near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with white setae except for one small brown region with brown setae at base, mediocubital fold setose with white setae; disc infuscate with dense brown setae except lightened distally, and with one hyaline spot with white setae behind marginal vein, the spot almost triangular in shape; stigmal vein distinctly bent distally so as to parallel anterior margin; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 14.0: 12.0: 7.2: 3.7. Fore leg (Fig. 5A, G) with femur and tibia black, tarsus brown; middle leg with femur and tibia black, tarsus milky-white to light brown, spur yellowish-brown, shorter than basitarsus; hind leg with tibia black except basal half of dorsal margin milky-white, tarsus white to light brown, with basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 5A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, black with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheath exserted slightly, for distance shorter than basitarsomere of hind leg. Remarks The fore wing of females of Z. campaniformis sp. nov. has a hyaline spot similar to Z. zhongi sp. nov. (Fig. 6E), but the spot is more distinctly triangular (Fig. 5E). Further, females are distinguished by the color of the anterior convex region of the mesoscutum, this being dark brown for Z. campaniformis (Fig. 5B) rather than green for Z. zhongi (Fig. 6B). Further, the pronotum of Z. campaniformis is distinctly bicolored (Fig. 5B), rather than yellowish-blue for Z. zhongi (Fig. 6B). Females of Z. campaniformis can also be distinguished by the color of the scrobal depression, having less luster and a more greenish pattern (Fig. 5C) rather than the dark blue color of Z. zhongi (Fig. 6C). Distribution China: Guangxi (Oriental). Variation The body length of the paratype is 4.9 mm; the color of the pronotum is more coppery than that of the holotype., Published as part of Tang, Hao, Jiang, Jingtao, Deng, Jun & Peng, Lingfei, 2022, Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data, pp. 1-27 in European Journal of Taxonomy 847 on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1977, http://zenodo.org/record/7330870

Zaischnopsis covid Jiang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EFDF6A62-CCB9-441E-BC0B-194B01416F1C Figs 1, 7A, G, 8A, D, 9A–B, 10A Diagnosis Head with scrobal depression deep, dorsal margin separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 2.3× diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 7A), frons smooth to very shallowly coriaceous (Fig. 7G); OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 4.0: 3.5: 2.5; antennal clava about 2 × as long as wide (Fig. 1G). Legs with tibiae black to dark brown, metatibia with basal one third bright yellow to white, dorsally with white hair-like setae (Fig. 1A). Fore wing disc infuscate with dark setae beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, except with region of orange-brown setae beyond parastigma basal to triangular hyaline region, and with anterior and posterior region of white setae behind marginal vein distally (Fig. 1E). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly V-shaped, plical region comparatively long (Figs 1I, 10A). Etymology The species name is in reference to the COVID-19 virus, which caused global panic. Material examined Holotype CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ八面* [Bamianyao, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 3 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; DNA 661; FAFU. Paratypes CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • 4 ♀♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ陈※河 [Chenjiahe, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 30 Aug.–4 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 2 ♀♀; KM省Κ 安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ石ṈNJ [Shihuigou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 13 Aug.–4 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 1 ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂIJ树NJ [Huashugou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 11 Aug.–3 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 1 ♀; KM 省洛南º [Luonan]; 21 Dec. 2018; DNA 668; FAFU. – Zhejiang Prov. • 1 ♀; ṁữ 临安 [Lin'an]; 25 May 2015; DNA 425; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 4.0 mm. HEAD (Fig. 1C–D, F). Mostly dark with greenish-yellow metallic luster intermixed with variably distinct purple under some angles of light, as follows: scrobal depression bluish-green (Fig. 1C), interantennal prominence purple with slight golden metallic luster (Fig. 1C), parascrobal region and lower face greenish-purple with slight golden metallic luster (Fig. 1C), frons (Fig. 1C–D) dark purple with ocellar triangle slightly green (Fig. 1D), vertex dark purple, and temple greenish-purple (Fig. 1D). Setae (Figs 1C–D, F, 7A, G) of lower face, interantennal prominence, upper part of parascrobal region, frons, vertex and occiput hair-like and brown, lower part of parascrobal region with two rows of lanceolate white setae (Fig. 8A), and setae of gena lanceolate and brown (Fig. 8D); maxillary and labial palpi black (Fig. 1C). Head in frontal view (Fig. 1C) 1.21 × as wide as high; in dorsal view (Fig. 1D) width 1.86 × length, with interocular distance 0.24 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view (Fig. 1F) 1.34 × as high as long. Eye height 1.32 × eye width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 2.30 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.44 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 4.0: 3.5: 2.5. Face (Figs 1C, 7A) with upper parascrobal region narrow, interantennal region finely imbricate (Fig. 8A); scrobal depression deep, reticulate-rugose, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 2.30 × diameter of anterior ocellus; lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus; lower face coriaceous; gena longitudinally imbricate (Fig. 8D); vertex and temple transversely imbricate; frons smooth to very finely coriaceous (Fig. 7A, G). Scape and pedicel of antenna (Figs 1G, 9A–B) with greenish-yellow metallic luster, flagellum dark brown; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 45(7), pedicel 10(7.5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 5(7), 17(6.5), 17(8), 20(8.5), 13(10.5), 11(11.5), 10(11.5), 8.5(11.5), clava 23.5(11.5). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 1B), with coppery to greenish-yellow metallic luster medially and bright purple luster laterally, setae dark brown and hair-like; divided medially, subtriangular, imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 1B) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly, with anterior convex region and lateral lobes reddish-brown, posterior depressed region with bright blue metallic luster, setae brownish and hair-like except setae of posterior depressed region white and lanceolate. Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 1B) with coppery to golden luster, setae brown, disc flat with coarsely reticulate sculpture arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.51 × as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 1H) coppery-brown with metallic greenish-yellow luster; tegula (Fig. 1B) with dark brown hair-like setae; mesopectus purple with slight green metallic luster, with sparse, long white hair-like setae anteriorly, and denser patch of long white hair-like setae posteriorly underneath acropleural sulcus; acropleuron (Fig. 1H) coppery with greenish-yellow metallic luster. Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron entirely sculptured, transversely reticulate-imbricate. Propodeum (Figs 1I, 10A) dark with blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly V-shaped, plical region comparatively long, rugose and bare except for one patch of setae anterior to spiracle, callus smooth and bare except for long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 1E) extended to near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline but slight infuscate basally with brown setae, mediocubital fold with dark setae; disc with white setae in anterior and posterior triangular hyaline regions but infuscate with dark setae beyond level of parastigma except for region of orange brown setae within dark brown setae beyond parastigma basal to hyaline region, and gradually lightened distally to more hyaline apex; stigmal vein distinctly bent so as to parallel leading wing margin distally; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 17: 22: 10: 5. Fore leg (Fig. 1A) with femur and tibia black, tarsus brown; middle leg with femur and tibia dark brown, tarsus brown except rows of pegs black, spur brown and shorter than basitarsus; femur of hind leg dark brown, basal one third of tibia bright yellow to white, dorsally with white hair-like setae, tarsus yellowish-brown, basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 1A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and apex of ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance equal to length of basal metatarsomere. Remarks There are three species from the Oriental region whose females have two hyaline spots behind the marginal vein of the fore wing, Z. biharensis (Narendram, 2004) (Narendran et al. 2007: fig. 8), Z. bathericus Narendran, 2007 (Narendran et al.: 2007: fig. 12), and Z. covid sp. nov. (Fig. 1A); the former two species are found only in India (Narendran et al. 2007). The fore wing apical angle of Z. biharensis is more acute than in the other two species (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 49), and the two hyaline spots of Z. biharensis are round, not triangular as in the other two species. The fore wing of Z. bathericus has one irregularly shaped brown spot behind the parastigma (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 50), not round as in Z. covid at the same position. The frons of most of the Oriental species of Zaischnopsis is reticulate or coriaceous, but the frons of Z. covid is almost smooth (Fig. 7A, G). Distribution China: Shaanxi (Palaearctic); Zhejiang (Oriental). Variation Females vary in length from about 3.3‒4.2 mm. Color of the pedicel variable, blue to light green; clava about 0.42‒0.70× as wide as long., Published as part of Tang, Hao, Jiang, Jingtao, Deng, Jun & Peng, Lingfei, 2022, Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data, pp. 1-27 in European Journal of Taxonomy 847 on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1977, http://zenodo.org/record/7330870, {"references":["Narendran T. C., Santhosh S., Peter A., Jilcy M. C. & Anitha P. V. 2007. Two new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from southern India and a key to oriental species. Zoos' Print Journal 22: 2706 - 2709. https: // doi. org: 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 1676.2706 - 9","Peng L. F., Xiang J. W. & Liu Q. F. 2018. Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Southern China, with redescription of Zaischnopsis tubatius (Walker). Zootaxa 4524 (2): 200 - 212. https: // doi. org: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4524.2.4"]}

Zaischnopsis covid Jiang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EFDF6A62-CCB9-441E-BC0B-194B01416F1C Figs 1, 7A, G, 8A, D, 9A–B, 10A Diagnosis Head with scrobal depression deep, dorsal margin separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 2.3× diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 7A), frons smooth to very shallowly coriaceous (Fig. 7G); OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 4.0: 3.5: 2.5; antennal clava about 2 × as long as wide (Fig. 1G). Legs with tibiae black to dark brown, metatibia with basal one third bright yellow to white, dorsally with white hair-like setae (Fig. 1A). Fore wing disc infuscate with dark setae beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, except with region of orange-brown setae beyond parastigma basal to triangular hyaline region, and with anterior and posterior region of white setae behind marginal vein distally (Fig. 1E). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly V-shaped, plical region comparatively long (Figs 1I, 10A). Etymology The species name is in reference to the COVID-19 virus, which caused global panic. Material examined Holotype CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ八面* [Bamianyao, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 3 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; DNA 661; FAFU. Paratypes CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • 4 ♀♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ陈※河 [Chenjiahe, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 30 Aug.–4 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 2 ♀♀; KM省Κ 安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ石ṈNJ [Shihuigou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 13 Aug.–4 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 1 ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂIJ树NJ [Huashugou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 11 Aug.–3 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 1 ♀; KM 省洛南º [Luonan]; 21 Dec. 2018; DNA 668; FAFU. – Zhejiang Prov. • 1 ♀; ṁữ 临安 [Lin'an]; 25 May 2015; DNA 425; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 4.0 mm. HEAD (Fig. 1C–D, F). Mostly dark with greenish-yellow metallic luster intermixed with variably distinct purple under some angles of light, as follows: scrobal depression bluish-green (Fig. 1C), interantennal prominence purple with slight golden metallic luster (Fig. 1C), parascrobal region and lower face greenish-purple with slight golden metallic luster (Fig. 1C), frons (Fig. 1C–D) dark purple with ocellar triangle slightly green (Fig. 1D), vertex dark purple, and temple greenish-purple (Fig. 1D). Setae (Figs 1C–D, F, 7A, G) of lower face, interantennal prominence, upper part of parascrobal region, frons, vertex and occiput hair-like and brown, lower part of parascrobal region with two rows of lanceolate white setae (Fig. 8A), and setae of gena lanceolate and brown (Fig. 8D); maxillary and labial palpi black (Fig. 1C). Head in frontal view (Fig. 1C) 1.21 × as wide as high; in dorsal view (Fig. 1D) width 1.86 × length, with interocular distance 0.24 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view (Fig. 1F) 1.34 × as high as long. Eye height 1.32 × eye width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 2.30 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.44 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 4.0: 3.5: 2.5. Face (Figs 1C, 7A) with upper parascrobal region narrow, interantennal region finely imbricate (Fig. 8A); scrobal depression deep, reticulate-rugose, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 2.30 × diameter of anterior ocellus; lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus; lower face coriaceous; gena longitudinally imbricate (Fig. 8D); vertex and temple transversely imbricate; frons smooth to very finely coriaceous (Fig. 7A, G). Scape and pedicel of antenna (Figs 1G, 9A–B) with greenish-yellow metallic luster, flagellum dark brown; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 45(7), pedicel 10(7.5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 5(7), 17(6.5), 17(8), 20(8.5), 13(10.5), 11(11.5), 10(11.5), 8.5(11.5), clava 23.5(11.5). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 1B), with coppery to greenish-yellow metallic luster medially and bright purple luster laterally, setae dark brown and hair-like; divided medially, subtriangular, imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 1B) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly, with anterior convex region and lateral lobes reddish-brown, posterior depressed region with bright blue metallic luster, setae brownish and hair-like except setae of posterior depressed region white and lanceolate. Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 1B) with coppery to golden luster, setae brown, disc flat with coarsely reticulate sculpture arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.51 × as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 1H) coppery-brown with metallic greenish-yellow luster; tegula (Fig. 1B) with dark brown hair-like setae; mesopectus purple with slight green metallic luster, with sparse, long white hair-like setae anteriorly, and denser patch of long white hair-like setae posteriorly underneath acropleural sulcus; acropleuron (Fig. 1H) coppery with greenish-yellow metallic luster. Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron entirely sculptured, transversely reticulate-imbricate. Propodeum (Figs 1I, 10A) dark with blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly V-shaped, plical region comparatively long, rugose and bare except for one patch of setae anterior to spiracle, callus smooth and bare except for long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 1E) extended to near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline but slight infuscate basally with brown setae, mediocubital fold with dark setae; disc with white setae in anterior and posterior triangular hyaline regions but infuscate with dark setae beyond level of parastigma except for region of orange brown setae within dark brown setae beyond parastigma basal to hyaline region, and gradually lightened distally to more hyaline apex; stigmal vein distinctly bent so as to parallel leading wing margin distally; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 17: 22: 10: 5. Fore leg (Fig. 1A) with femur and tibia black, tarsus brown; middle leg with femur and tibia dark brown, tarsus brown except rows of pegs black, spur brown and shorter than basitarsus; femur of hind leg dark brown, basal one third of tibia bright yellow to white, dorsally with white hair-like setae, tarsus yellowish-brown, basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 1A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and apex of ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance equal to length of basal metatarsomere. Remarks There are three species from the Oriental region whose females have two hyaline spots behind the marginal vein of the fore wing, Z. biharensis (Narendram, 2004) (Narendran et al. 2007: fig. 8), Z. bathericus Narendran, 2007 (Narendran et al.: 2007: fig. 12), and Z. covid sp. nov. (Fig. 1A); the former two species are found only in India (Narendran et al. 2007). The fore wing apical angle of Z. biharensis is more acute than in the other two species (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 49), and the two hyaline spots of Z. biharensis are round, not triangular as in the other two species. The fore wing of Z. bathericus has one irregularly shaped brown spot behind the parastigma (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 50), not round as in Z. covid at the same position. The frons of most of the Oriental species of Zaischnopsis is reticulate or coriaceous, but the frons of Z. covid is almost smooth (Fig. 7A, G). Distribution China: Shaanxi (Palaearctic); Zhejiang (Oriental). Variation Females vary in length from about 3.3‒4.2 mm. Color of the pedicel variable, blue to light green; clava about 0.42‒0.70× as wide as long.

Zaischnopsis fuscolivida Tang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AFCCEFB6-39AD-480C-BE71-F9F536D89661 Figs 2, 7B, 8E–F, 9C–D, 10B Diagnosis Head with dorsal margin of scrobal depression not delimited, ventral part of scrobal depression smooth (Fig. 7B); antennal clava about 2.6× as long as wide (Fig. 2G). Legs with mesotibia and metatibia yellowish brown (Fig. 2A). Fore wing disc infuscate with light brown setae beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, without hyaline region with white setae behind marginal vein (Fig. 2E). Propodeum with anterior margin broad U-shaped; plical region short (Figs 2I, 10B). Etymology The species name is a combination of the Latin words ‘ fusca ’, ‘dark colored’, and ‘ lividus ’, ‘bluish’, in reference to the dark blue mesoscutum. Material examined Holotype CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ石ṈNJ [Shihuigou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 27‒30 Aug. 2018; Malaise trap; DNA 675; FAFU. Paratypes CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • 3 ♀♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ石ṈNJ [Shihuigou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 13 Aug.–4 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 4 ♀♀; KM 省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂIJ树NJ [Huashugou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 11 Aug.–3 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 1 ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ陈※ 河 [Chenjiahe, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 30 Aug.–4 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; DNA 687; FAFU • 1 ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ八面* [Bamianyao, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 20 Aug. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU. – Zhejiang Prov. • 1 ♀; ṁữ省DZ 凉峰自‼保ÑṂAE塘Ɯ [Longtangshan, Qingliangfeng natural reserve]; Jul. 2013, Malaise trap; DNA 85; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 4.5 mm. HEAD (Fig. 2C–D, F). With blue metallic luster intermixed with variably distinct purple and green lusters under some angles of light, as follows: scrobal depression dark blue (Fig. 2C), interantennal prominence blue or with slight metallic purple luster (Fig. 2C), parascrobal region and lower face greenish-purple with golden metallic luster (Fig. 2C), frons dark purple, vertex and temple dark purple with slight green luster (Fig. 2D). Setae of face (Fig. 7B), gena (Fig. 8E–F), interantennal prominence and occiput hairlike and brown, parascrobal region with two rows of hair-like brown setae (Fig. 7B); maxillary and labial palpi dark brown (Fig. 2C). Head in frontal view 1.25 × as wide as high; in dorsal view width 1.65 × length, with interocular distance 0.25 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view 1.38 × as high as long. Eye height 1.05 × eye width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 2.84 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.53 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and similar to distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 5.0: 4.6: 4.0. Face (Figs 2C, 7B) with parascrobal region very narrow, interantennal region longitudinally reticulate, scrobal depression deep and ∩-like, smooth ventrally and finely imbricate dorsally, dorsal margin not delimited; lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus; lower face alutaceous-imbricate to coriaceous (Fig. 7B); vertex and temple transversely imbricate; frons imbricate to coriaceous. Antennal (Figs 2G, 9C–D) scape and pedicel with bluish-green metallic luster, 1 st to 4 th funicular segments with greenish-yellow to rusty metallic luster, with light brown to white setae, 5 th to 8 th funicular segments dark brown, with dark brown setae; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 38(6), pedicel 12(4.5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 5(4), 14.5(4), 14.5(5), 16(5.5), 12.5(6), 12.5(7), 11.5(7), 9(7), clava 22(8.5). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 2B), dark purple with metallic luster; setae dark brown and hair-like; divided medially, subtriangular, imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 2B) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly, and with lateral lobes carinate posteriorly, metallic blue with middle part of anterior convex region and lateral lobes slightly yellowish-green, setae of anterior convex region and lateral lobes brownish and hair-like, setae of posterior depressed region and lower part of lateral lobes white and lanceolate. Scutellar-axillar complex coppery except lateral surface of scutellum somewhat blue, setae brown, disc of scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 2B) flat with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.38 × as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 2H) dark brown with slight yellow luster, tegula with dark brown hair-like setae; mesopectus greenish-purple, with long white hair-like setae linearly arranged along acropleural sulcus; acropleuron dark purple with green metallic luster. Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron with distinctly transverse reticulate-imbricate sculpture. Propodeum (Figs 2H–I, 10B) dark with yellowish-blue metallic luster, anterior margin broad U-shaped; plical region short, reticulate-rugose, with three setae near inner margin of spiracle and one patch of setae anterior of spiracle, callus coriaceous and bare, with long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 2E) with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with light brown setae, mediocubital fold with sparse, light brown setae; disc with setae light brown and gradually lightened distally, without hyaline region with white behind marginal vein; fore wing extended near apex of gaster, stigmal vein slightly bent distally; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 17.5: 22.5: 16.5: 7. Fore leg (Fig. 2A) with femur black, knee brown, tibia with basal half dark brown and apical half yellowish-brown, tarsus yellowish-brown; middle leg with femora brown, tibia yellowish-brown, tarsus white to light brown except rows of pegs dark brown and spur brown, mesotibial spur shorter than basitarsus; femur of hind leg dark with green metallic luster, knee brown, tibia yellowish-brown, tarsus yellowish-brown, basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 2A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and apex of ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance slightly shorter than length of basal metatarsomere. Remarks The fore wing of females Z. fuscolivida sp. nov. lack any hyaline spot or band, which distinguishes them from those of other species of Zaischnopsis from China. Females do resemble Z. locustae (Girault, 1919), recorded only from Java, Indonesia, but females of Z. locustae have white setae on the vertex and temple (Peng et al. 2018: figs 53, 56) versus brown for Z. fuscolivida (Fig. 2C), and the metatibia is dark brown except the basal half of the dorsal margin which is white (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 57) versus yellowish-brown (Fig. 2A). Distribution China: Shaanxi (Palaearctic); Zhejiang (Oriental). Variation The length of the females varies from about 4.3 to 5.8 mm. The color of the pedicel is variable, blue to yellowish-green; the shape of the posterior ocellus is sometimes rhomboid or oval, the OOL varies from 0.14 to 0.31 × as wide as MPOD., Published as part of Tang, Hao, Jiang, Jingtao, Deng, Jun & Peng, Lingfei, 2022, Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data, pp. 1-27 in European Journal of Taxonomy 847 on pages 9-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1977, http://zenodo.org/record/7330870, {"references":["Peng L. F., Xiang J. W. & Liu Q. F. 2018. Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Southern China, with redescription of Zaischnopsis tubatius (Walker). Zootaxa 4524 (2): 200 - 212. https: // doi. org: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4524.2.4"]}

Zaischnopsis zhongi Jiang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 32C4C617-C7E9-4CBF-B0FA-D5DE6CBC2DD6 Figs 6, 7F, 8J, 10F Diagnosis Head with scrobal depression deep and ∩-shaped, dorsal margin separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 1.21 × diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 7F); OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 6.7: 10.7: 10.6; antennal clava short, about 1.7 × as long as wide (Fig. 6F). Tibiae black to dark brown, but metatibia with basal half milky-white (Fig. 6A). Fore wing disc infuscate with dark brown setae beyond level of parastigma except gradually lightened distally, and with one hyaline spot behind marginal vein (Fig. 6E). Propodeum with anterior margin very broad V-shaped; plical region comparatively long (Figs 6I, 10F). Etymology Named in honor of Zhong Nanshan (20 Oct.1936 ‒), director of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and a leading Chinese expert in SARS and COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Material examined Holotype CHINA – Sichuan Prov. • ♀; 四ffl省成ª市天ŮƜ [Tiantaishan, Chengdu City]; 16 Sep. 2019; DNA 673; FAFU. Paratype CHINA – Sichuan Prov. • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DNA 674; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 5.3 mm. HEAD (Fig. 6C–D, F). Dark with blue, green or yellow metallic luster, as follows: scrobal depression with bright blue metallic luster (Fig. 6C), interantennal prominence blue with purple metallic luster medially (Fig. 6C), parascrobal region blue, lower face blue but with more coppery-violaceous ventrally, frons golden yellow with some purple metallic luster, vertex and temple green (Fig. 6D). Setae of lower face, interantennal prominence and lower part of parascrobal region (Figs 6C, 7F) white and lanceolate, setae of upper part of parascrobal region (Figs 6C, 7F), gena (Figs 6F, 8J), frons and vertex (Fig. 6D) brown and hair-like; maxillary and labial palpi black (Fig. 6C). Head in frontal view 1.20 × as wide as high; in dorsal view width 1.74 × length, with interocular distance 0.18 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view 1.51 × as high as long. Eye height about equal to width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 3.99 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.42 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 6.7: 10.7: 10.6. Face with parascrobal region narrow, interantennal region reticulate (Fig. 7F), scrobal depression (Fig. 7F) deep and ∩-shaped, imbricate, dorsal margin delimited, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 1.21 × diameter of anterior ocellus; lower orbit slightly lower than level of dorsal margin of torulus; lower face coriaceous; vertex and temple imbricate. Antennal (Fig. 6G) scape and pedicel green with yellowish-red metallic luster, 1 st to 3 rd segments of funicle with blue to rusty luster basally, 4 th to 8 th segments and clava dark brown; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 40(7), pedicel 12.8(4.8), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 5.2(5), 16(5.2), 16.5(6.5), 16(8), 13(8.5), 11(9.6), 10(10), 8(11), clava 14.5(8.5). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 6B), dark with yellowish-green to blue metallic luster, setae hair-like and brown; divided medially, pentagonal, imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 6B) slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly; dark with yellowish-green metallic luster, setae of mesoscutum brown and hair-like except lower portion of lateral lobe white and hair-like. Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 6B) with reddish-green metallic luster, setae brown and hairlike, disc flat with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae region; scutellum 1.58 × as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 6H) with yellowish-green metallic luster; tegula dark brown with white hair-like setae; mesopectus dark green, with sparse, long white hair-like setae anterolaterally; acropleuron dark purple with slight green metallic luster; mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron very finely longitudinally imbricate to coriaceous. Propodeum (Figs 6I, 10F) black with bright blue metallic luster, anterior margin very broad V-shaped; plical region comparatively long, reticulate, with patch of white setae adjacent to spiracle anteriorly and laterally, callus almost smooth and bare, with long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 6E) extended near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with white setae except for infuscate region with brown setae basally, mediocubital fold with sparse white setae; disc infuscate with dense brown setae except lightened and more hyaline apically beyond level of postmarginal vein, and with one, almost round, hyaline spot with white setae behind marginal vein; fore wing stigmal vein slightly bent to anterior margin; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 12.0: 8.6: 5.8: 2.6. Fore leg (Fig. 6A) with femur dark brown to black, knee dark brown; tibia black except apex dark brown, tarsus brown; middle leg with femur black, knee brown, tibia dark brown, tarsus milky-white, spur yellowish brown, shorter than basitarsus of middle leg; hind legs with tibia black to dark brown except basal half milky-white, tibia white to light brown, with basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 6A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, black with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum black, and ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex, ovipositor sheaths exserted, slightly longer than basitarsus of hind leg. Remarks The fore wing of females of Z. zhongi sp. nov. has a single hyaline spot with white setae behind the marginal vein (Fig. 6E) similar to that of females of Z. nivalinota Peng & Xiang, 2018 (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 26). However, females of Z. zhongi have the vertex and mesoscutum more yellowish and greenish (cf. Fig. 6B, D with Peng et al. 2018: figs 23, 25) and the concave posterior of the mesoscutum less setose (Fig. 6B) than females of Z. nivalinota (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 22). Further, the ovipositor sheaths of Z. zhongi are brown, whereas they are black with the apex brown for Z. nivalinota, and the plical region of propodeum of Z. zhongi is somewhat longer (Fig. 6I) than that of Z. nivalinota (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 27). Distribution China: Sichuan (Oriental). Variation The paratype is 5.4 mm in length; with only the dorsal margin of the basal half of the metatibia white, whereas the holotype (Fig. 6A) has the white region also across the lateral surfaces so as to extend to the ventral margin; the color of the antennal scape varies from yellowish-green to metallic blue.

Zaischnopsis fuscolivida Tang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AFCCEFB6-39AD-480C-BE71-F9F536D89661 Figs 2, 7B, 8E–F, 9C–D, 10B Diagnosis Head with dorsal margin of scrobal depression not delimited, ventral part of scrobal depression smooth (Fig. 7B); antennal clava about 2.6× as long as wide (Fig. 2G). Legs with mesotibia and metatibia yellowish brown (Fig. 2A). Fore wing disc infuscate with light brown setae beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, without hyaline region with white setae behind marginal vein (Fig. 2E). Propodeum with anterior margin broad U-shaped; plical region short (Figs 2I, 10B). Etymology The species name is a combination of the Latin words ‘ fusca ’, ‘dark colored’, and ‘ lividus ’, ‘bluish’, in reference to the dark blue mesoscutum. Material examined Holotype CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ石ṈNJ [Shihuigou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 27‒30 Aug. 2018; Malaise trap; DNA 675; FAFU. Paratypes CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • 3 ♀♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ石ṈNJ [Shihuigou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 13 Aug.–4 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 4 ♀♀; KM 省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂIJ树NJ [Huashugou, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 11 Aug.–3 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU • 1 ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ陈※ 河 [Chenjiahe, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 30 Aug.–4 Sep. 2018; Malaise trap; DNA 687; FAFU • 1 ♀; KM省Κ安市富º子+®自‼保ÑṂ八面* [Bamianyao, Ziwuling natural reserve, Fuxian County, Yan’an]; 20 Aug. 2018; Malaise trap; FAFU. – Zhejiang Prov. • 1 ♀; ṁữ省DZ 凉峰自‼保ÑṂAE塘Ɯ [Longtangshan, Qingliangfeng natural reserve]; Jul. 2013, Malaise trap; DNA 85; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 4.5 mm. HEAD (Fig. 2C–D, F). With blue metallic luster intermixed with variably distinct purple and green lusters under some angles of light, as follows: scrobal depression dark blue (Fig. 2C), interantennal prominence blue or with slight metallic purple luster (Fig. 2C), parascrobal region and lower face greenish-purple with golden metallic luster (Fig. 2C), frons dark purple, vertex and temple dark purple with slight green luster (Fig. 2D). Setae of face (Fig. 7B), gena (Fig. 8E–F), interantennal prominence and occiput hairlike and brown, parascrobal region with two rows of hair-like brown setae (Fig. 7B); maxillary and labial palpi dark brown (Fig. 2C). Head in frontal view 1.25 × as wide as high; in dorsal view width 1.65 × length, with interocular distance 0.25 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view 1.38 × as high as long. Eye height 1.05 × eye width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 2.84 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.53 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and similar to distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 5.0: 4.6: 4.0. Face (Figs 2C, 7B) with parascrobal region very narrow, interantennal region longitudinally reticulate, scrobal depression deep and ∩-like, smooth ventrally and finely imbricate dorsally, dorsal margin not delimited; lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus; lower face alutaceous-imbricate to coriaceous (Fig. 7B); vertex and temple transversely imbricate; frons imbricate to coriaceous. Antennal (Figs 2G, 9C–D) scape and pedicel with bluish-green metallic luster, 1 st to 4 th funicular segments with greenish-yellow to rusty metallic luster, with light brown to white setae, 5 th to 8 th funicular segments dark brown, with dark brown setae; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 38(6), pedicel 12(4.5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 5(4), 14.5(4), 14.5(5), 16(5.5), 12.5(6), 12.5(7), 11.5(7), 9(7), clava 22(8.5). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 2B), dark purple with metallic luster; setae dark brown and hair-like; divided medially, subtriangular, imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 2B) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly, and with lateral lobes carinate posteriorly, metallic blue with middle part of anterior convex region and lateral lobes slightly yellowish-green, setae of anterior convex region and lateral lobes brownish and hair-like, setae of posterior depressed region and lower part of lateral lobes white and lanceolate. Scutellar-axillar complex coppery except lateral surface of scutellum somewhat blue, setae brown, disc of scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 2B) flat with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.38 × as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 2H) dark brown with slight yellow luster, tegula with dark brown hair-like setae; mesopectus greenish-purple, with long white hair-like setae linearly arranged along acropleural sulcus; acropleuron dark purple with green metallic luster. Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron with distinctly transverse reticulate-imbricate sculpture. Propodeum (Figs 2H–I, 10B) dark with yellowish-blue metallic luster, anterior margin broad U-shaped; plical region short, reticulate-rugose, with three setae near inner margin of spiracle and one patch of setae anterior of spiracle, callus coriaceous and bare, with long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 2E) with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with light brown setae, mediocubital fold with sparse, light brown setae; disc with setae light brown and gradually lightened distally, without hyaline region with white behind marginal vein; fore wing extended near apex of gaster, stigmal vein slightly bent distally; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 17.5: 22.5: 16.5: 7. Fore leg (Fig. 2A) with femur black, knee brown, tibia with basal half dark brown and apical half yellowish-brown, tarsus yellowish-brown; middle leg with femora brown, tibia yellowish-brown, tarsus white to light brown except rows of pegs dark brown and spur brown, mesotibial spur shorter than basitarsus; femur of hind leg dark with green metallic luster, knee brown, tibia yellowish-brown, tarsus yellowish-brown, basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 2A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and apex of ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance slightly shorter than length of basal metatarsomere. Remarks The fore wing of females Z. fuscolivida sp. nov. lack any hyaline spot or band, which distinguishes them from those of other species of Zaischnopsis from China. Females do resemble Z. locustae (Girault, 1919), recorded only from Java, Indonesia, but females of Z. locustae have white setae on the vertex and temple (Peng et al. 2018: figs 53, 56) versus brown for Z. fuscolivida (Fig. 2C), and the metatibia is dark brown except the basal half of the dorsal margin which is white (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 57) versus yellowish-brown (Fig. 2A). Distribution China: Shaanxi (Palaearctic); Zhejiang (Oriental). Variation The length of the females varies from about 4.3 to 5.8 mm. The color of the pedicel is variable, blue to yellowish-green; the shape of the posterior ocellus is sometimes rhomboid or oval, the OOL varies from 0.14 to 0.31 × as wide as MPOD.

Zaischnopsis lii Jiang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD097B05-9AAD-4311-A849-49AE9AB8BFF3 Figs 3, 7C, I, 8G, K–O, 9E–F Diagnosis Head with dorsal margin of scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 0.23 × diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 3C); OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 7.2: 8.9: 10.4; antennal clava 3× as long as width, and margins between each clava segment sinuate (Fig. 9F). Metatibia yellowish-brown to brown, basal half of dorsal margin milky white (Fig. 3A). Fore wing disc infuscate with dense brown setae beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally except for one inconspicuous and irregular shaped hyaline spot behind marginal vein (Fig. 3F). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly V-shaped; plical region comparatively long (Figs 3I, 10C). Etymology Named in honor of Li Wenliang (12 Oct. 1986 ‒ 7 Feb. 2020), an ophthalmologist, who was one of the first people to warn about the outbreak of COVID-19, but passed away after being infected with COVID- 19 in Wuhan. He won the China youth Wusi Medal. Material examined Holotype CHINA – Guangxi Prov. • ♀; 广M省大ḤƜ自‼保ÑṂae堂Ɯ [Shengtangshan, Dayaoshan natural reserve]; 15 Aug. 2019; Pang Guilin leg.; DNA 647; FAFU. Paratypes CHINA – Shaanxi Prov. • 1 ♀; KM省安康市ffiDz坝Ḇ子NJ [Xiezigou, Xunyangba, Ankang City]; 25 Jul.–22 Oct. 2017; Malaise trap; DNA 670; FAFU • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; DNA 671; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 6.0 mm. HEAD (Fig. 3C–E). Dark with purple and green metallic luster under some angles of light, with scrobal depression dark blue (Fig. 3C), interantennal prominence dark purple to black (Fig. 3C), parascrobal region and lower face greenish-purple (Fig. 3C), frons black, and vertex and temple black to dark green (Fig. 3D). Setae (Fig. 7C, I) of lower part of parascrobal region, interantennal prominence and lower face white and lanceolate, setae of upper part of parascrobal region, frons (Fig. 7I), gena (Fig. 8G), vertex and occiput brown and hair-like; maxillary and labial palpi dark brown (Fig. 3C). Head in frontal view 1.22 × as wide as high; in dorsal view width 1.73 × length, with interocular distance 0.20 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view 1.40 × as high as long. Eye height about 1.12 × width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 3.35 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.46 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 7.2: 8.9: 10.4. Face (Figs 3C, 7C) with parascrobal region very narrow, interantennal region reticulate, scrobal depression deep and ∩-like, imbricate to reticulate, dorsal margin delimited, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 0.23 × diameter of anterior ocellus; lower orbit above level of dorsal margin of torulus; lower face reticulate; vertex coriaceous posterior to ocelli, temple imbricate; frons imbricate to coriaceous. Antennal (Figs 3G, 9E–F) scape and pedicel with yellowish-purple metallic luster, 1 st to 3 rd funicular segments with slight purple luster, and other segments dark brown, setae brown; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 40(10), pedicel 9.5(5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 6(4), 15.5(5), 19(5), 22(6.5), 15.5(7.5), 14(8), 11(8), 8(9), clava 30(10). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 3B), with dark purple metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; divided medially, pentagonal, reticulate. Mesoscutum (Figs 3B, 8K) almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobes carinate posteriorly, yellowish-green with lateral lobes slightly purple, anterior convex region with white hair-like setae (Fig. 8L), setae of posterior depressed region light brown and lanceolate (Fig. 8M), and lateral lobe with setae white and lanceolate (Fig. 8N). Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 3B) rusty with slight green luster, setae brown and hair-like (Figs 3B, 8O); disc flat (Figs 3B, 8K) with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.5× as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 3H) black with green to purple metallic luster; tegula with light brown hair-like setae; mesopectus dark purple, with long white hair-like setae linearly arranged along acropleural sulcus; acropleuron black with purple and green metallic luster. Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron distinctly imbricate. Propodeum (Figs 3H–I, 10C) black with blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly V-shaped; plical region long, reticulate, with one patch of setae anterior of spiracle, callus almost smooth and bare, but with long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 3F) with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline, with long brown setae, but slight infuscate at base, mediocubital fold with sparse brown setae; disc infuscate behind parastigma and stigma vein, with dense brown setae and gradually lightened distally, with one inconspicuous and irregularly shaped hyaline region behind marginal vein; fore wing extended near apex of gaster, stigmal vein distinctly bent distally to parallel anterior margin, with SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 11.0: 10.0: 7.0: 3.6. Fore leg (Fig. 3A) with knee brown, femur and tibia black, tarsus yellowish-brown; middle leg with femur black, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown, spur black, tibial spur shorter than basitarsus; hind leg with femur black except basal part brown, knee brown, tibia yellowish brown to brown, basal half of dorsal margin milky white, tarsus brown, basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 3A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown to black with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths exserted for distance as long as length of basal three metatarsomeres. Remarks The fore wing color pattern of females of Z. lii sp. nov. resembles to some extent that of some females of Z. zhongi sp. nov., but they are distinguished by their ∩-like scrobal depression shape compared to the much narrower scrobal depression of females of Z. zhongi (Fig. 7F). Further, the clava of Z. lii is much longer than that of females of the other new species described in this paper, and the margin between each clava segment is S-shaped curved (Fig. 9F). Distribution China: Shaanxi (Palaearctic); Guangxi (Oriental). Variation The length of females of this new species varies from about 5.7 to 6.1 mm; one paratype has the scape slightly expanded, the relative length(width) is 36(10); hind legs of the paratype are bright orange, except the outer sides of the femora are black., Published as part of Tang, Hao, Jiang, Jingtao, Deng, Jun & Peng, Lingfei, 2022, Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data, pp. 1-27 in European Journal of Taxonomy 847 on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1977, http://zenodo.org/record/7330870

Genus Zaischnopsis Ashmead, 1904 Generic diagnosis Females are characterized by the following characters (Gibson 1995, 2005): body usually dark with various metallic lusters, but sometimes yellow to brown; head with ventral margin of torulus lower than lower orbit, scrobal depression deep or not but dorsally delimiting linear or only very narrow region along upper inner orbit; antenna with scape sometimes slender though often variably compressed; clypeus flat; mandible tridentate; pronotum usually subtriangular and divided medially; mesoscutum usually flat with anterior and lateral parts slightly raised, posterior part slightly concave; mesopectus with setae, acropleuron usually bare; fore wing usually hyaline at base, infuscate beyond base of parastigma, and sometimes with one or more lighter colored band or spots behind marginal vein; mesotibia with oblique apical groove and with dark apical pegs in a patch; gaster elongate, base of gaster usually without white region unlike species of Anastatus; syntergum apically reflexed into fingernail like flange. Key to females of Zaischnopsis from China 1. Fore wing infuscate beyond level of parastigma, gradually lightened distally but without hyaline cross-band or spot (Fig. 2E)....................................................... Z. fuscolivida Tang & Peng sp. nov. – Fore wing infuscate beyond level of parastigma and with hyaline cross-band or spot(s) behind marginal vein (Figs 1E, 3F, 4E, 5E, 6E)........................................................................................... 2 2. Fore wing with single hyaline cross-band behind marginal vein (Fig. 4E)...................................... 3 – Fore wing with one or two hyaline spots behind marginal vein (Figs 1E, 3F, 5E, 6E).................... 6 3. Hyaline cross-band of fore wing very narrow, about ¹/5 to ¹/6 width of basal infuscate region (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 19)............................................................................ Z. fumosa Peng & Xiang, 2018 – Hyaline cross-band of fore wing wide, usually about ½ to ⅓ width of basal infuscate part (Fig. 4E)........................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Head and mesosoma coppery-green (Fig. 2C); antenna with scape normal, not expanded (Fig. 2G)............................................................................................................. Z. pacis Jiang & Peng sp. nov. – Head and mesosoma dark brown with slight purple luster; antenna with scape foliaceously dilated (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 33)................................................................................................................. 5 5. Metatibia with dorsal margin dark brown to black, though possibly superficially appearing white because of dense white setae (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 37); propodeum with plical region medially very short (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 39)................................................................ Z. tubatius (Walker, 1852) – Metatibia with basal half of dorsal margin white (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 8; cf. Fig. 5A); propodeum with plical region comparatively longer (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 2)........................................................................................................................................................... Z. candetibia Peng & Xiang, 2018 6. Fore wing with two hyaline triangular spots behind marginal vein, one anterior and one posterior (Fig. 1A); plical region comparatively long, distance between inner margins of spiracles only about 3.4 × as wide as median length of plical region (Figs 1I, 10A).......... Z. covid Jiang & Peng sp. nov. – Fore wing with one hyaline spot behind marginal vein anteriorly; plical region comparatively short, distance between inner margin of spiracles 7.3‒10× as wide as median length of plical region..... 7 7. Fore wing with hyaline spot behind marginal vein triangular (Fig. 5E); antenna with eighth funicular ring-like, width about 2 × length (Fig. 5F); scrobal depression bell-shaped, with abrupt margins (Figs 5C, 7E)....................................................................... Z. campaniformis Tang & Peng sp. nov. – Fore wing with hyaline spot behind marginal vein round (Fig. 6E) or irregular in shape (Fig. 3F); antenna with eighth funicular no more than 1.6× as wide as long (Figs 3G, 6G); scrobal depression varied (Fig. 3D)................................................................................................................................ 8 8. Fore wing spot behind marginal vein inconspicuous and irregular (Fig. 3F); scrobal depression comparatively broad, with rounded rather than abrupt margins (Figs 3C, 7C), dorsal margin of scrobal depression closed to anterior ocellus by distance about 0.2 × diameter of anterior ocellus (Figs 3D, 6D)........................................................................................... Z. lii Jiang & Peng sp. nov. – Fore wing spot behind marginal vein hyaline and round; scrobal depression with abrupt margins, dorsal margin of scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to or more than diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 6D)...................................................................................... 9 9. Scutellum coppery, mesoscutum with dense white setae (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 22)............................................................................................................................... Z. nivalinota Peng & Xiang, 2018 – Scutellum greenish, mesoscutum with sparse brown setae (Fig. 6B)........................................................................................................................................................... Z. zhongi Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Published as part of Tang, Hao, Jiang, Jingtao, Deng, Jun & Peng, Lingfei, 2022, Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data, pp. 1-27 in European Journal of Taxonomy 847 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1977, http://zenodo.org/record/7330870, {"references":["Ashmead W. H. 1904. New generic names in the Chalcidoidea. Proceedings of the Entomplogical Society of Washington 6: 126.","Gibson G. A. P. 1995. Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 5. United Publishers, Gainesville, FL, USA.","Gibson G. A. P. 2005. The species of Zaischnopsis of America north of Mexico, with a checklist of described world species (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 69: 89 - 112.","Peng L. F., Xiang J. W. & Liu Q. F. 2018. Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Southern China, with redescription of Zaischnopsis tubatius (Walker). Zootaxa 4524 (2): 200 - 212. https: // doi. org: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4524.2.4"]}

Zaischnopsis pacis Jiang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0AC6CF99-6551-46D3-B103-9FB0F85BFCCB Figs 4, 7D, 8C, H, 9I, 10D Diagnosis Head with dorsal margin of scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 0.77 × diameter of anterior ocellus (Fig. 4D); OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 10.3: 9.5: 9.7; antennal clava 2.3× as long as wide (Fig. 4F). All tibiae black, with white setae (Fig. 4A). Fore wing disc infuscate with dark brown setae beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, except for one hyaline cross band behind marginal vein (Fig. 4E). Propodeum with anterior margin V-shaped; plical region very short, the V-shaped emargination extending to propodeal foramen (Fig. 10D). Etymology From the Latin word ‘ pax ’ (‘peace’), we pray for world peace. Material examined Holotype CHINA – Zhejiang Prov. • ♀; ṁữ省DZ凉峰自‼保ÑṂAE塘Ɯ [Longtangshan, Qingliangfeng natural reserve]; Aug. 2013; Malaise trap; FAFU. Paratype CHINA – Zhejiang Prov. • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DNA 437; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 5.2 mm. HEAD (Fig. 4C–D, F, H). Black with mostly purple and green metallic luster, as follows: scrobal depression, interantennal prominence, parascrobal region and lower face black to very dark purple (Fig. 4C), frons, vertex and temple with purple and green metallic luster (Fig. 4D). Setae (Fig. 7D) of face (Fig. 8C) and gena (Fig. 8H) white and lanceolate, setae of frons, vertex and occiput brown and hair-like, parascrobal region (Figs 7D, 8C) with two or three rows of white lanceolate setae ventrally and one row dorsally; maxillary and labial palpi dark brown (Fig. 4C). Head in frontal view 1.28 × as wide as high; in dorsal view width 1.84 × length, with interocular distance 0.18 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view 1.49 × as high as long. Eye height about equal to width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 3.88 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.46 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, but close to the distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 10.3: 9.5: 9.7. Face with parascrobal region very narrow, interantennal region reticulate, scrobal depression deep and ∩-like, imbricate, with dorsal margin delimited, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 0.77 × diameter of anterior ocellus; lower orbit below level of dorsal margin of torulus; lower face coriaceous (Fig. 7D); vertex and temple coriaceous to imbricate. Antenna dark brown, scape with blue metallic luster (Figs 4F, 9I); scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 40(9), pedicel 9.5(5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 5(5), 13.5(6.5), 18(7), 15(10.5), 11(10.7), 9.7(11.5), 11.5(11), 9(11), clava 28(12). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 4B), dark with slight green metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; divided medially, pentagonal, imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 4B) slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly, dark with slight greenish-purple metallic luster, anterior convex region with setae white and hair-like, setae of posterior depressed region and lateral lobe white and lanceolate. Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 4B) dark purple, setae brown and hair-like; disc flat (Fig. 4B) with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.38 × as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 4G) dark purple with margins slight yellow; tegula dark brown with white hair-like setae; mesopectus dark purple, with long white hair-like setae in a patch anterolaterally; acropleuron reddish-purple with green metallic luster. Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron with very fine longitudinally imbricate sculpture medially but more coriaceous to reticulate anteriorly, posterior region coriaceous but with slight reticulate pattern. Propodeum (Fig. 10D) black with slight green metallic luster, anterior margin V-shaped; plical region very short, the V-shaped emargination extending to propodeal foramen, reticulate, with one patch of setae adjacent to spiracle anteriorly, callus obscurely coriaceous and bare, with long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 4E) extended to near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with long white setae except infuscate basally with brown setae, mediocubital fold with sparse white setae; disc infuscate with dense brown setae except hyaline distally beyond level of postmarginal vein, and with one hyaline crossband with white setae behind marginal vein distally. Fore wing stigmal vein distinctly bent anteriorly to parallel anterior margin; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 10.0: 6.5: 6.0: 2.0. Fore leg (Fig. 4A, G) black, except tarsus brown; middle leg black, tibia with dense white setae, except tarsus white to light yellow, spur yellowish-brown, mesotibial spur shorter than basitarsus of middle leg; hind leg black with dense white setae on tibia, except tarsus white to light yellow, with basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 4A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, dark brown to black with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheaths slightly exserted. Remarks Females of this new species resemble those of Z. tubatius (Walker, 1852) because both have dense white setae on the metatibia and a complete hyaline cross-band on the fore wing, but Z. pacis sp. nov. is distinguished by its darker body color, and the scape (Fig. 4F) not being foliaceously dilated as for females of Z. tubatius (Peng et al. 2018: fig. 32). Distribution China: Zhejiang (Oriental)., Published as part of Tang, Hao, Jiang, Jingtao, Deng, Jun & Peng, Lingfei, 2022, Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data, pp. 1-27 in European Journal of Taxonomy 847 on pages 15-18, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1977, http://zenodo.org/record/7330870, {"references":["Peng L. F., Xiang J. W. & Liu Q. F. 2018. Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Southern China, with redescription of Zaischnopsis tubatius (Walker). Zootaxa 4524 (2): 200 - 212. https: // doi. org: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4524.2.4"]}

Zaischnopsis campaniformis Tang & Peng sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9ED76BA3-DD89-47DA-B9AD-8B2140D19904 Figs 5, 7E, H, 8B, I, 9G–H, 10E Diagnosis Head with scrobal depression bell-shaped, dorsal margin separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 1.53 × diameter of anterior ocellus (Figs 5C, 7E); OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 7.0: 12.5: 10.0; antennal clava short, about 1.6× as long as wide (Fig. 5F). Tibiae black, except metatibia with basal half of dorsal margin milky-white (Fig. 5A). Fore wing disc infuscate with dark brown setae beyond level of parastigma except gradually lightened distally where more hyaline, and with one subtriangular hyaline spot behind marginal vein distally (Fig. 5E). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly U-shaped; plical region comparatively long (Figs 5I, 10E). Etymology From the Latin word ‘ campana ’ (‘bell’) in reference to the bell-shape of scrobal depression (Fig. 5C). Material examined Holotype CHINA – Guangxi Prov. • ♀; 广M省上思º+„大Ɯ自‼保ÑṂ [Shiwandashan national park, Shangsi County]; 27 Aug. 2019; Li Tao leg.; DNA 640; FAFU. Paratype CHINA – Guangxi Prov. • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DNA 641; FAFU. Description Female LENGTH. About 5.1 mm. HEAD (Fig. 5C–D, H). Dark with blue, green or yellow metallic luster, as follows: scrobal depression metallic greenish-blue (Fig. 5C), interantennal prominence, parascrobal region and lower face more golden-green (Fig. 5C), frons golden-yellow with slight purple metallic luster (Fig. 5D), vertex and temple green with golden-yellow metallic luster under some angles of light (Fig. 5D). Setae of lower face (Fig. 5C), interantennal prominence, lower part of parascrobal region (Fig. 5C), and gena (Figs 5H, 8I) white and lanceolate, setae of upper part of parascrobal region (Figs 5C, 8B), frons (Figs 5D, 7H) and vertex (Fig. 5D) brown and hair-like; maxillary and labial palpi black (Fig. 5C). Head in frontal view 1.18× as wide as high; in dorsal view width 1.51 × length, with interocular distance 0.16 × head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view 1.22× as high as long. Eye height about equal to width in lateral view; distance between eyes below 4 × distance between eyes above; malar space 0.51 × eye height; distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1.0: 7.0: 12.5: 10.0. Face with parascrobal region narrow, interantennal region reticulate (Fig. 7E), scrobal depression (Fig. 7E) deep and bell-shaped, imbricate, dorsal margin delimited, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 1.53× diameter of anterior ocellus; lower orbit above level of dorsal margin of torulus; lower face coriaceous; vertex and temple imbricate. Antennal (Figs 5F, 9G–H) scape and pedicel with yellowishgreen metallic luster, flagellum dark brown, 1 st and 2 nd segments of funicle with greenish-yellow metallic luster; scape normal, not expanded; relative length(width) of scape = 40(10), pedicel 19(4.5), 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 4.5(5), 20(6), 20(7.5), 20(11.5), 9.5(11), 9(12), 6.5(11.5), 5.5(12), clava 22.5(14). MESOSOMA. Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig. 5B), dark with reddish-green to blue metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; divided medially, pentagonal, imbricate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 5B) slightly convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, and with lateral lobe carinate posteriorly; dark with slight greenishblue metallic luster, anterior convex region dark brown with brown hair-like setae, setae of posterior depressed region and lateral lobe white and lanceolate. Scutellar-axillar complex (Fig. 5B) dark purple with green metallic luster, setae brown and hair-like; disc flat with coarsely reticulate pattern arranged longitudinally in scutellum and transversely in axillae; scutellum 1.71 × as long as broad. Prepectus (Fig. 5G) dark brown to yellowish-brown; tegula dark brown with white hair-like setae; mesopectus dark purple, with long hair-like white setae; acropleuron reddish-purple with green metallic luster; mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus, acropleuron very finely longitudinally imbricate to coriaceous. Propodeum (Figs 5I, 10E) dark blue with slight greenish-blue metallic luster, anterior margin broadly U-shaped; plical region comparatively long, reticulate, with one patch of setae adjacent to spiracle anteriorly, callus coriaceous and bare, except with long white hair-like setae laterally. Fore wing (Fig. 5E) extended near apex of gaster, with costal cell dorsally bare except for dark brown setae in infuscate region in front of parastigma; basal cell hyaline with white setae except for one small brown region with brown setae at base, mediocubital fold setose with white setae; disc infuscate with dense brown setae except lightened distally, and with one hyaline spot with white setae behind marginal vein, the spot almost triangular in shape; stigmal vein distinctly bent distally so as to parallel anterior margin; SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 14.0: 12.0: 7.2: 3.7. Fore leg (Fig. 5A, G) with femur and tibia black, tarsus brown; middle leg with femur and tibia black, tarsus milky-white to light brown, spur yellowish-brown, shorter than basitarsus; hind leg with tibia black except basal half of dorsal margin milky-white, tarsus white to light brown, with basitarsus longer than the following two tarsomeres combined. GASTER (Fig. 5A). Elongate-lanceolate, longer than mesosoma, black with metallic luster, except apex of syntergum and ovipositor sheaths brown; syntergum tapered to rounded apex; ovipositor sheath exserted slightly, for distance shorter than basitarsomere of hind leg. Remarks The fore wing of females of Z. campaniformis sp. nov. has a hyaline spot similar to Z. zhongi sp. nov. (Fig. 6E), but the spot is more distinctly triangular (Fig. 5E). Further, females are distinguished by the color of the anterior convex region of the mesoscutum, this being dark brown for Z. campaniformis (Fig. 5B) rather than green for Z. zhongi (Fig. 6B). Further, the pronotum of Z. campaniformis is distinctly bicolored (Fig. 5B), rather than yellowish-blue for Z. zhongi (Fig. 6B). Females of Z. campaniformis can also be distinguished by the color of the scrobal depression, having less luster and a more greenish pattern (Fig. 5C) rather than the dark blue color of Z. zhongi (Fig. 6C). Distribution China: Guangxi (Oriental). Variation The body length of the paratype is 4.9 mm; the color of the pronotum is more coppery than that of the holotype.

Zaischnopsis nivalinota Peng & Xiang, sp. nov. (Figs 21���29, 42, 46) Type material. Holotype ♀ (FAFU): Longtangshan, Qingliangfeng, Zhejiang Prov., VII.2013, Malaise trap. Paratype: Longtangshan, Qingliangfeng, Zhejiang Prov., VIII.2013, Malaise trap (1♀ FAFU). Description of holotype. FEMALE. Length excluding ovipositor sheath 4.9 mm. Head with greenish-blue metallic luster, upper face more blue, vertex purple (Figs 23, 25); setae of face, gena and occiput white, parascrobal region with two rows of white setae (Fig. 23), setae of vertex dark brown (Figs 23, 25). Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown to black (Figs 23, 24). Antennal scape black with greenish-purple metallic luster, pedicel and flagellum dark brown, tip of clava light brown (Fig. 24). Pronotum with coppery, purple and green metallic luster, setae dark brown to black (Fig. 22); mesoscutum with greenish-blue metallic luster, and with white hair-like setae (Fig. 22); prepectus with frontal surface dark brown with metallic purple luster, lateral surface brown (Fig. 21); tegula dark brown with brown setae(Fig. 22); mesopectus bluish green, with long white setae linearly arranged along acropleural sulcus; acropleuron black with dark purple metallic luster (Fig. 21); scutellar-axillar complex black with greenish-blue metallic luster, setae dark brown (Fig. 22). Fore wing (Fig. 28) infuscate beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, but with hyaline spot encompassing apex of marginal vein and base of stigmal vein with white setae (Fig. 26). Legs with knee yellowish brown, femora and tibiae dark brown (Fig. 21); basal half of dorsal margin of metatibia light brown to yellowish white (Figs 21, 29), metatibia with white hair-like setae; protarsus brown, mesotarsus pale yellowish brown except rows of pegs and spur brown; metatarsus yellowish brown (Figs 21, 29). Metanotum and propodeum dark brown with greenish-blue metallic luster; propodeum with a patch of white hair-like setae mesad to spiracle and callar region setose lateral to spiracle (Fig. 27). Gaster elongate-lanceolate, brown with metallic luster (Fig. 28); apex of syntergum dark brown, ovipositor sheath dark brown with apex brown (Fig. 28). Head in frontal view (Fig. 23) 1.22�� wider than high; in dorsal view (Fig. 25) width 1.63�� length, with interocular distance 0.17�� head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view (Fig. 24) with face convex, 1.40�� higher than long. Eye height 1.0�� eye width in lateral view (Fig. 24); distance between eyes below 4.67�� distance between eyes above (Fig. 23); malar space 0.49�� eye height (Fig. 24); distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1: 3.7: 6.5: 4.5. Vertex coriaceous around ocelli and imbricate posteriorly (Fig. 25); lower face finely reticulaterugose (Fig. 23); gena longitudinally reticulate (Fig. 24); parascrobal region narrow; scrobal depression reticulate and transversely imbricate; interantennal region transversely reticulate (Fig. 23). Scrobal depression deep, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to diameter of anterior ocellus. Lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus. Antenna with scape normal, not expanded (Fig. 24); relative length (width) of scape = 40(8); pedicel 13(5); 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 4(5), 16(6), 18(7), 15(9), 12(10), 9(11), 8(12), 7.5(12); clava 23(13). Pronotum in dorsal view divided medially, subtriangular, reticulate (Fig. 22). Mesoscutum almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly, lateral lobe carinate posteriorly (Fig. 22). Scutellar-axillar complex flat, longitudinally, coarsely reticulate, with dark brown setae; scutellum 1.32�� longer than broad (Fig. 22). Mesopectus meshlike reticulate, acropleuron with very fine longitudinally aligned coriaceous sculpture (Fig. 21). Fore wing extended near apex of gaster, with SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 25: 29: 16: 9. Mesotibial spur shorter than basitarsus; mesotarsus with row of pegs on either side of basal four tarsomeres (Fig. 21). Hind leg with basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined (Fig. 29). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly U-shaped (Figs 27, 46, indicated by arrows); plical region narrow, reticulate; callar region smooth and shiny (Figs 27, 46). Gaster longer than mesosoma, elongate-lanceolate (Fig. 28); Gt 1 and Gt 2 V-like emarginate, Gt 3 and Gt 4 broadly U-like emarginate, Gt 5 shallowly emarginate, Gt 6 convex, syntergum tapered to apex; ovipositor sheath exserted for distance equal to length of basal metatarsomere (Fig. 42). Variation. The paratype is 4.6 mm in length; scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by a distance about 0.7�� diameter of anterior ocellus; distance between posterior ocellus and compound eye is very narrow, OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1: 7: 13: 12. The hyaline spot of the fore wing of the paratype is not as white as for the holotype, but more light brown, and the mesoscutum is darker green with less metallic luster. Distribution. CHINA: Zhejiang. Remarks. The fore wing color pattern resembles that of Z. stom (Fig. 51), but the hyaline spot of Z. stom is triangular. Etymology. The species name is from the Latin word ��� nivalis ���, which means snowy, and the Latin word ��� nota ���, which means a mark, in reference to the white spot behind the marginal vein., Published as part of Peng, Lingfei, Xiang, Jiawei & Liu, Qifei, 2018, Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Southern China, with redescription of Zaischnopsis tubatius (Walker), pp. 200-212 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on pages 205-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2610456

Key to females of Zaischnopsis in the Oriental region 1 Flagellum with funiculars 3‒5 brown, funicular 6 and clava white.................................. Z. cooki (Girault) - Flagellum entirely dark................................................................................. 2 2(1) Fore wing infuscate beyond level of parastigma, gradually lightened distally but without hyaline cross-band or spot (Fig. 5 5); metatibia with basal half of dorsal margin white (Fig. 57)...................................... Z. locustae (Girault) - Fore wing infuscate beyond level of parastigma and with hyaline cross-band or spot(s) behind marginal vein; metatibia sometimes without white region dorsally within basal half......................................................... 3 3(2) Fore wing with single hyaline cross-band behind marginal vein (Figs 10, 19, 34, 48, 52)............................. 4 - Fore wing with 1‒3 hyaline spots behind marginal vein (Figs 26, 49, 50, 51)...................................... 10 4(3) Hyaline cross-band of fore wing very narrow, about 1/5 to 1/6 width of basal infuscate region (Fig. 19)................. 5 - Hyaline cross-band of fore wing wide, usually about 1/2 to 1/3 width of basal infuscate part (Figs 10, 34, 48)............. 6 5(4) Funiculars 2‒4 equal in length........................................................ Z. magniscapus (Girault) - Funiculars 2‒4 in ratio of 15: 17: 21 (Fig. 17)................................................. Z. fumosa sp. nov. 6(4) Mesotibial spur yellow to milky white; scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 2× diameter of anterior ocellus..................................................................... Z. keralensis Narendran - Mesotibial spur dark brown to black; distance between scrobal depression and anterior ocellus variable................. 7 7(6) Gaster about 1.8× longer than mesosoma; mesotibial spur black; scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance less than the diameter of an anterior ocellus............................... Z. mampadicus Narendran & Girish Kumar - Gaster at most about 1.2× longer than mesosoma; mesotibial spur variable in color; distance between scrobal depression and anterior ocellus variable................................................................................ 8 8(7) Fore wing with MV shorter than SMV.................................................. Z. fascipennis (Walker) - Fore wing with MV longer than SMV..................................................................... 9 9(8) Metatibia with dorsal margin dark brown to black (Figs 37, 60), though possibly superficially appearing white because of dense white setae (Fig. 37); propodeum with plical region medially very narrow (Figs 39, 47).......... Z. tubatius (Walker) - Metatibia with basal half of dorsal margin white (Fig. 8); propodeum with plical region comparatively wider (Figs 2, 44)....................................................................................... Z. candetibia sp. nov. 10(3) Fore wing with single hyaline spot behind marginal vein (Figs 26, 51).......................................... 11 - Fore wing with 2 or 3 hyaline spots behind marginal vein (Figs 49, 50).......................................... 12 11(10) Fore wing with hyaline spot triangular and with a very narrow longitudinal hyaline stripe at hind margin opposite base of MV (Fig. 51)................................................................. Z. stom Narendran & Girish Kumar - Fore wing with hyaline spot round and hind margin without a longitudinal hyaline stripe (Fig. 26)...... Z. nivalinota sp. nov. 12(10) Fore wing with 3 hyaline spots behind marginal vein (Fig. 50)............................... Z. bathericus Narendran - Fore wing with 2 hyaline spots behind marginal vein (Fig. 49).............................. Z. biharensis (Narendran), Published as part of Peng, Lingfei, Xiang, Jiawei & Liu, Qifei, 2018, Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Southern China, with redescription of Zaischnopsis tubatius (Walker), pp. 200-212 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2610456

Zaischnopsis candetibia Peng, sp. nov. (Figs 1���11, 40, 44) Type material. Holotype ♀ (BMNH): Tien Fong Mts, Hainan Prov., 17.V.1983, Bouček (NHMUK010353630). Paratype: Danxian, Hainan Prov., 11.V.1983, Bouček (NHMUK010353624) (1♀ BMNH). Description of holotype. FEMALE. Length excluding ovipositor sheath 5.0 mm. Head with greenish-blue metallic luster, upper face more bluish purple (Fig. 5), vertex dark purple (Fig. 6); setae of face, gena and occiput white, parascrobal region with one row of white setae (Fig. 5), setae of vertex black (Fig. 6). Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown (Figs 4, 5). Antennal scape with dark green metallic luster, pedicel and flagellum dark brown (Fig. 3). Pronotum with coppery, purple and green metallic luster, setae dark brown (Fig. 7); mesoscutum with bluish-green metallic luster, and with white hair-like setae (Fig.7); prepectus and tegula dark brown, tegula with brown setae (Fig. 7); mesopectus with dark blue metallic luster, with long white setae along acropleural sulcus, extending to level of about middle of tegula; acropleuron black with dark blue and purple metallic luster; scutellaraxillar complex black with dark green metallic luster, setae dark brown to black. Fore wing (Fig. 1) infuscate beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, but with one hyaline cross-band behind apex of marginal vein with white setae (Fig. 10). Legs with femora and tibiae dark brown, except basal half of dorsal margin of metatibia white (Fig. 8), metatibia with white hair-like setae; protarsus brown, mesotarsus pale yellowish brown except row of pegs and spur black, metatarsus pale yellowish brown (Figs 1, 8, 9). Metanotum and propodeum black with bluish-green metallic luster; propodeum with a patch of white hair-like setae mesad to spiracle and callar region setose lateral to spiracle (Fig. 2). Gaster elongate-lanceolate (Fig. 40), dark brown or dark purple with metallic luster (Figs 1, 11); apex of syntergum and ovipositor sheath pale yellowish brown (Fig. 11). Head in frontal view (Fig. 5) 1.23�� wider than high; in dorsal view (Fig. 6) width 1.43�� length, with interocular distance 0.19�� head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view (Fig. 4) 1.45�� higher than long. Eye height 1.03�� eye width in lateral view (Fig. 4); distance between eyes below 3.95�� distance between eyes above (Fig. 5); malar space 0.42�� eye height (Fig. 4); distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1: 6: 10: 8. Vertex coriaceous around ocelli and transversely imbricate posteriorly (Fig. 6); lower face reticulate rugose (Fig. 5); gena longitudinally reticulate (Fig. 4); parascrobal region very narrow; scrobal depression transversely imbricate; interantennal region transversely reticulate (Fig. 5). Scrobal depression deep (Fig. 5), separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 1.1�� diameter of anterior ocellus. Lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus. Antenna with scape foliaceously dilated (Figs 3, 5); relative length (width) of scape 40(13); pedicel 13(7); 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 5(5), 18(5), 19(6), 25(8), 16(9), 13(10), 11(10), 9(11); clava 30(11). Pronotum in dorsal view divided medially, pentagonal, transversely imbricate (Fig. 7). Mesoscutum almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly, lateral lobe carinate posteriorly (Fig. 7). Scutellar-axillar complex flat, coarsely longitudinally reticulate; scutellum 1.40�� longer than broad (Fig. 7). Mesopectus meshlike reticulate, acropleuron with very fine longitudinally aligned coriaceous sculpture. Fore wing extended near apex of gaster, with SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 25: 33: 17: 8. Middle leg with spur shorter than basitarsus (Fig. 9); mesotarsus with row of pegs on either side of basal four tarsomeres. Hind leg with basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined (Fig. 8). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly V-shaped (Figs 2, 44, indicated by arrows); plical region comparatively broad, coarsely reticulate; callar region smooth and shiny (Figs 2, 44). Gaster longer than mesosoma (Fig. 1), elongate-lanceolate (Fig. 11); Gt 1 ���Gt 3 deeply V-like emarginate, Gt 4 and Gt 5 slightly emarginate, Gt 6 convex, syntergum tapered to sharp apex (Fig. 40); ovipositor sheath exserted for short distance, as long as 4/5 of basal metatarsomere. Variation. The female paratype is 4.7 mm in length; scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance about 0.9�� diameter of anterior ocellus. Distribution. CHINA: Hainan. Remarks. Females of this new species have a similar fore wing colour pattern (Fig. 10) as those of Z. tubatius (Fig. 34), Z. keralensis (Fig. 48) and Z. mampadicus (Fig. 52), but differ by the dorsal margin of the metatibia being white basally (Fig. 8). Further, the tibial spur of Z. keralensis is yellow or pale yellow, Gt 3 is slightly emarginate and Gt 4 is evenly convex, whereas Z. candetibia has the mesotibial spur very dark brown to black, Gt 3 is deeply emarginate, and Gt 4 is slightly emarginate; the middle of the propodeum of Z. tubatius is very narrow (Figs 36, 47), whereas the middle of propodeum of Z. candetibia is broader (Figs 2, 44). The gaster of Z. mampadicus was described as about 1.8�� longer than the mesosoma, whereas the gaster of Z. candetibia is only about 1.4�� longer than the mesosoma. Etymology. The species name is a combination of the Latin words ��� candeo ��� which means shining white, and ��� tibia ���, in reference to the metatibia having a white margin basally., Published as part of Peng, Lingfei, Xiang, Jiawei & Liu, Qifei, 2018, Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Southern China, with redescription of Zaischnopsis tubatius (Walker), pp. 200-212 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on pages 201-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2610456

Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead from southern China, Z. candetibia Peng sp. nov., Z. fumosa Peng & Xiang sp. nov. and Z. nivalinota Peng & Xiang sp. nov., are described and illustrated based on females. The only other species of Zaischnopsis recorded from China, Z. tubatius (Walker) is redescribed and illustrated in detail, and the species are differentiated in a key that includes all Zaischnopsis species recorded from the Oriental region.

Zaischnopsis candetibia Peng, sp. nov. (Figs 1–11, 40, 44) Type material. Holotype ♀ (BMNH): Tien Fong Mts, Hainan Prov., 17.V.1983, Bouček (NHMUK010353630). Paratype: Danxian, Hainan Prov., 11.V.1983, Bouček (NHMUK010353624) (1♀ BMNH). Description of holotype. FEMALE. Length excluding ovipositor sheath 5.0 mm. Head with greenish-blue metallic luster, upper face more bluish purple (Fig. 5), vertex dark purple (Fig. 6); setae of face, gena and occiput white, parascrobal region with one row of white setae (Fig. 5), setae of vertex black (Fig. 6). Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown (Figs 4, 5). Antennal scape with dark green metallic luster, pedicel and flagellum dark brown (Fig. 3). Pronotum with coppery, purple and green metallic luster, setae dark brown (Fig. 7); mesoscutum with bluish-green metallic luster, and with white hair-like setae (Fig.7); prepectus and tegula dark brown, tegula with brown setae (Fig. 7); mesopectus with dark blue metallic luster, with long white setae along acropleural sulcus, extending to level of about middle of tegula; acropleuron black with dark blue and purple metallic luster; scutellaraxillar complex black with dark green metallic luster, setae dark brown to black. Fore wing (Fig. 1) infuscate beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, but with one hyaline cross-band behind apex of marginal vein with white setae (Fig. 10). Legs with femora and tibiae dark brown, except basal half of dorsal margin of metatibia white (Fig. 8), metatibia with white hair-like setae; protarsus brown, mesotarsus pale yellowish brown except row of pegs and spur black, metatarsus pale yellowish brown (Figs 1, 8, 9). Metanotum and propodeum black with bluish-green metallic luster; propodeum with a patch of white hair-like setae mesad to spiracle and callar region setose lateral to spiracle (Fig. 2). Gaster elongate-lanceolate (Fig. 40), dark brown or dark purple with metallic luster (Figs 1, 11); apex of syntergum and ovipositor sheath pale yellowish brown (Fig. 11). Head in frontal view (Fig. 5) 1.23× wider than high; in dorsal view (Fig. 6) width 1.43× length, with interocular distance 0.19× head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view (Fig. 4) 1.45× higher than long. Eye height 1.03× eye width in lateral view (Fig. 4); distance between eyes below 3.95× distance between eyes above (Fig. 5); malar space 0.42× eye height (Fig. 4); distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1: 6: 10: 8. Vertex coriaceous around ocelli and transversely imbricate posteriorly (Fig. 6); lower face reticulate rugose (Fig. 5); gena longitudinally reticulate (Fig. 4); parascrobal region very narrow; scrobal depression transversely imbricate; interantennal region transversely reticulate (Fig. 5). Scrobal depression deep (Fig. 5), separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 1.1× diameter of anterior ocellus. Lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus. Antenna with scape foliaceously dilated (Figs 3, 5); relative length (width) of scape 40(13); pedicel 13(7); 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 5(5), 18(5), 19(6), 25(8), 16(9), 13(10), 11(10), 9(11); clava 30(11). Pronotum in dorsal view divided medially, pentagonal, transversely imbricate (Fig. 7). Mesoscutum almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly, lateral lobe carinate posteriorly (Fig. 7). Scutellar-axillar complex flat, coarsely longitudinally reticulate; scutellum 1.40× longer than broad (Fig. 7). Mesopectus meshlike reticulate, acropleuron with very fine longitudinally aligned coriaceous sculpture. Fore wing extended near apex of gaster, with SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 25: 33: 17: 8. Middle leg with spur shorter than basitarsus (Fig. 9); mesotarsus with row of pegs on either side of basal four tarsomeres. Hind leg with basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined (Fig. 8). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly V-shaped (Figs 2, 44, indicated by arrows); plical region comparatively broad, coarsely reticulate; callar region smooth and shiny (Figs 2, 44). Gaster longer than mesosoma (Fig. 1), elongate-lanceolate (Fig. 11); Gt 1 –Gt 3 deeply V-like emarginate, Gt 4 and Gt 5 slightly emarginate, Gt 6 convex, syntergum tapered to sharp apex (Fig. 40); ovipositor sheath exserted for short distance, as long as 4/5 of basal metatarsomere. Variation. The female paratype is 4.7 mm in length; scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance about 0.9× diameter of anterior ocellus. Distribution. CHINA: Hainan. Remarks. Females of this new species have a similar fore wing colour pattern (Fig. 10) as those of Z. tubatius (Fig. 34), Z. keralensis (Fig. 48) and Z. mampadicus (Fig. 52), but differ by the dorsal margin of the metatibia being white basally (Fig. 8). Further, the tibial spur of Z. keralensis is yellow or pale yellow, Gt 3 is slightly emarginate and Gt 4 is evenly convex, whereas Z. candetibia has the mesotibial spur very dark brown to black, Gt 3 is deeply emarginate, and Gt 4 is slightly emarginate; the middle of the propodeum of Z. tubatius is very narrow (Figs 36, 47), whereas the middle of propodeum of Z. candetibia is broader (Figs 2, 44). The gaster of Z. mampadicus was described as about 1.8× longer than the mesosoma, whereas the gaster of Z. candetibia is only about 1.4× longer than the mesosoma. Etymology. The species name is a combination of the Latin words “ candeo ” which means shining white, and “ tibia ”, in reference to the metatibia having a white margin basally.

Zaischnopsis fumosa Peng & Xiang, sp. nov. (Figs 12���20, 41, 45) Type material. Holotype ♀ (FAFU): Nanling natural reserve, Guangdong Prov., 3.X.2013, Shen Jie. Paratypes: Nanling natural reserve, Guangdong Prov., 5.X.2013, Ji Shuqin (1♀ FAFU); Tien Fong Mts., Hainan Prov., 17.V.1983, Bouček (NHMUK010353715) (1♀ BMNH). Description of holotype. FEMALE. Length excluding ovipositor sheath 4.9 mm. Head with green metallic luster, upper face slightly coppery green, vertex more coppery purple (Figs 13, 15); setae of face, gena and occiput white, parascrobal region with two rows of white setae (Fig. 13), setae of vertex white (Fig. 14). Maxillary and labial palpi black. Antennal scape black with coppery-green metallic luster, pedicel and flagellum black, tip of clava brown (Fig. 17). Pronotum with coppery, purple and green metallic luster, setae dark brown (Fig. 16); mesoscutum with greenish-blue metallic luster, and with white hair-like setae (Fig. 16); prepectus with frontal surface black to dark brown with metallic purple luster, lateral surface brown (Fig. 12); tegula dark brown with brown setae (Fig. 16); mesopectus with dark purple metallic luster, entirely setose with long white setae extending to level of about apex of tegula; acropleuron black with dark blue and purple metallic lusters (Fig. 12); scutellar- axillar complex black with green metallic luster, setae dark brown to black (Fig. 16). Fore wing infuscate beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, but with one narrow hyaline cross-band behind apex of marginal vein with light-brown setae (Fig. 19). Legs with femora and tibiae dark brown; metatibia dark brown, with white hair-like setae; protarsus brown, mesotarsus pale yellowish brown except rows of pegs and spur black, metatarsus pale yellowish brown to white (Figs 12, 20). Metanotum and propodeum black with purple and blue metallic lusters; propodeum with a patch of white hair-like setae mesad to spiracle and callar region setose lateral to spiracle (Fig. 18). Gaster elongate-lanceolate, dark brown with metallic luster; apex of syntergum light brown, apex of ovipositor sheath brown (Fig. 19). Head in frontal view (Fig. 13) 1.33�� wider than high; in dorsal view (Fig. 15) width 1.67�� length, with interocular distance 0.20�� head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view (Fig. 14) 1.27�� higher than long. Eye height 1.0�� eye width in lateral view (Fig. 14); distance between eyes below 3.10�� distance between eyes above (Fig. 13); malar space 0.42�� eye height (Fig. 14); distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1: 4.5: 4: 4.5. Vertex coriaceous around ocelli and reticulate-rugose posteriorly (Fig. 15); lower face finely reticulaterugose (Fig. 13); gena longitudinally reticulate (Fig. 14); parascrobal region very narrow; scrobal depression reticulate to transversely imbricate; interantennal region transversely reticulate (Fig. 13). Scrobal depression deep (Fig. 13), separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to 0.7�� diameter of anterior ocellus. Lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus. Antenna with scape foliaceously dilated (Fig. 17); relative length (width) of scape 40(17); pedicel 11(6); 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 6(7), 15(7), 17(8), 21(10), 14(12), 10(12), 8(12), 7(12); clava 26(12). Pronotum in dorsal view divided medially, pentagonal, reticulate (Fig. 16). Mesoscutum almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly, lateral lobe carinate posteriorly (Fig. 16). Scutellar-axillar complex flat, longitudinally, coarsely reticulate, with black setae; scutellum 1.78�� longer than broad (Fig. 16). Mesopectus reticulate anterior to acropleural sulcus and finely coriaceous posteroventrally, acropleuron with very fine longitudinally aligned coriaceous sculpture. Fore wing extended near apex of gaster, with SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 25: 32: 18: 7. Mesotibial spur shorter than basitarsus; mesotarsus with row of pegs on either side of basal four tarsomeres. Hind leg with basitarsus as long as following three tarsomeres combined (Fig. 20). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly V-shaped (Figs 18, 45, indicated by arrows); plical region comparatively broad, scabrous; callar region smooth and shiny (Figs 18, 45). Gaster longer than mesosoma, elongate-lanceolate; Gt 1 and Gt 2 deeply V-like emarginate, Gt 3 and Gt 4 slightly emarginate, Gt 5 and Gt 6 convex, syntergum tapered to apex (Fig. 41); ovipositor sheath exserted for very short distance, as long as 1/2 of basal metatarsomere (Figs 12, 19). Variation. Females vary in length from about 4.13���4.9 mm; head in dorsal view about 1.5-1.67�� wider than long; scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by distance about 0.6-0.7�� diameter of anterior ocellus; scutellum can be about 1.58�� longer than broad. The color of the mesoscutum of the BMNH specimen is not as bright as in the holotype, and with more purple luster. Distribution. CHINA: Guangdong, Hainan. Remarks. The fore wing color of female of this new species is smoky gray, darker than for Z. candetibia and Z. tubatius, and the hyaline cross-band is very narrow, only about 1/6 that of the basal infuscate region. Of these three species, females of Z. fumosa are the only ones with white setae on the vertex. In our key, Z. fumosa is separated from Z. magniscapus using the length of funiculars 2���4, but this described difference is based on Girault���s (1919) original description (funicles 2���4 equal, twice longer than wide) and might not be accurate. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin word ��� fumosus ���, which means smoky, and refers to the fore wing color., Published as part of Peng, Lingfei, Xiang, Jiawei & Liu, Qifei, 2018, Three new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Southern China, with redescription of Zaischnopsis tubatius (Walker), pp. 200-212 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on pages 203-205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2610456, {"references":["Girault, A. A. (1919) Javanese Chalcid-flies. Treubia, 1, 53 - 59."]}

Zaischnopsis nivalinota Peng & Xiang, sp. nov. (Figs 21–29, 42, 46) Type material. Holotype ♀ (FAFU): Longtangshan, Qingliangfeng, Zhejiang Prov., VII.2013, Malaise trap. Paratype: Longtangshan, Qingliangfeng, Zhejiang Prov., VIII.2013, Malaise trap (1♀ FAFU). Description of holotype. FEMALE. Length excluding ovipositor sheath 4.9 mm. Head with greenish-blue metallic luster, upper face more blue, vertex purple (Figs 23, 25); setae of face, gena and occiput white, parascrobal region with two rows of white setae (Fig. 23), setae of vertex dark brown (Figs 23, 25). Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown to black (Figs 23, 24). Antennal scape black with greenish-purple metallic luster, pedicel and flagellum dark brown, tip of clava light brown (Fig. 24). Pronotum with coppery, purple and green metallic luster, setae dark brown to black (Fig. 22); mesoscutum with greenish-blue metallic luster, and with white hair-like setae (Fig. 22); prepectus with frontal surface dark brown with metallic purple luster, lateral surface brown (Fig. 21); tegula dark brown with brown setae(Fig. 22); mesopectus bluish green, with long white setae linearly arranged along acropleural sulcus; acropleuron black with dark purple metallic luster (Fig. 21); scutellar-axillar complex black with greenish-blue metallic luster, setae dark brown (Fig. 22). Fore wing (Fig. 28) infuscate beyond level of parastigma and gradually lightened distally, but with hyaline spot encompassing apex of marginal vein and base of stigmal vein with white setae (Fig. 26). Legs with knee yellowish brown, femora and tibiae dark brown (Fig. 21); basal half of dorsal margin of metatibia light brown to yellowish white (Figs 21, 29), metatibia with white hair-like setae; protarsus brown, mesotarsus pale yellowish brown except rows of pegs and spur brown; metatarsus yellowish brown (Figs 21, 29). Metanotum and propodeum dark brown with greenish-blue metallic luster; propodeum with a patch of white hair-like setae mesad to spiracle and callar region setose lateral to spiracle (Fig. 27). Gaster elongate-lanceolate, brown with metallic luster (Fig. 28); apex of syntergum dark brown, ovipositor sheath dark brown with apex brown (Fig. 28). Head in frontal view (Fig. 23) 1.22× wider than high; in dorsal view (Fig. 25) width 1.63× length, with interocular distance 0.17× head width and less than width of eye; in lateral view (Fig. 24) with face convex, 1.40× higher than long. Eye height 1.0× eye width in lateral view (Fig. 24); distance between eyes below 4.67× distance between eyes above (Fig. 23); malar space 0.49× eye height (Fig. 24); distance between toruli greater than distance between torulus and clypeal margin, and greater than distance between torulus and orbit. OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1: 3.7: 6.5: 4.5. Vertex coriaceous around ocelli and imbricate posteriorly (Fig. 25); lower face finely reticulaterugose (Fig. 23); gena longitudinally reticulate (Fig. 24); parascrobal region narrow; scrobal depression reticulate and transversely imbricate; interantennal region transversely reticulate (Fig. 23). Scrobal depression deep, separated from anterior ocellus by distance equal to diameter of anterior ocellus. Lower orbit above level of ventral margin of torulus. Antenna with scape normal, not expanded (Fig. 24); relative length (width) of scape = 40(8); pedicel 13(5); 1 st to 8 th funiculars: 4(5), 16(6), 18(7), 15(9), 12(10), 9(11), 8(12), 7.5(12); clava 23(13). Pronotum in dorsal view divided medially, subtriangular, reticulate (Fig. 22). Mesoscutum almost flat but slightly convex anteriorly, lateral lobe carinate posteriorly (Fig. 22). Scutellar-axillar complex flat, longitudinally, coarsely reticulate, with dark brown setae; scutellum 1.32× longer than broad (Fig. 22). Mesopectus meshlike reticulate, acropleuron with very fine longitudinally aligned coriaceous sculpture (Fig. 21). Fore wing extended near apex of gaster, with SMV: MV: PMV: STV = 25: 29: 16: 9. Mesotibial spur shorter than basitarsus; mesotarsus with row of pegs on either side of basal four tarsomeres (Fig. 21). Hind leg with basitarsus as long as following two tarsomeres combined (Fig. 29). Propodeum with anterior margin broadly U-shaped (Figs 27, 46, indicated by arrows); plical region narrow, reticulate; callar region smooth and shiny (Figs 27, 46). Gaster longer than mesosoma, elongate-lanceolate (Fig. 28); Gt 1 and Gt 2 V-like emarginate, Gt 3 and Gt 4 broadly U-like emarginate, Gt 5 shallowly emarginate, Gt 6 convex, syntergum tapered to apex; ovipositor sheath exserted for distance equal to length of basal metatarsomere (Fig. 42). Variation. The paratype is 4.6 mm in length; scrobal depression separated from anterior ocellus by a distance about 0.7× diameter of anterior ocellus; distance between posterior ocellus and compound eye is very narrow, OOL: POL: LOL: MPOD = 1: 7: 13: 12. The hyaline spot of the fore wing of the paratype is not as white as for the holotype, but more light brown, and the mesoscutum is darker green with less metallic luster. Distribution. CHINA: Zhejiang. Remarks. The fore wing color pattern resembles that of Z. stom (Fig. 51), but the hyaline spot of Z. stom is triangular. Etymology. The species name is from the Latin word “ nivalis ”, which means snowy, and the Latin word “ nota ”, which means a mark, in reference to the white spot behind the marginal vein.

2. Zaischnopsis usingeri, new species. Female: 2.5 mm. long, metallic blue-green, the legs fuscous to the tarsi which are pale yellow, the coxae and antennae metallic green, antennae fuscous outwardly, hind femora golden-yellow at base. Mostly smooth and shining, fine pin-point punctuation on head, scutellum shagreened and dull; patches of short appressed silvery hairs on the face and episternae in front, on the axillae and hind coxae, also on underside of abdomen. Head semiglobular, the eyes large oval, reaching top of head above, and below three fourths the distance to base of mandibles, the inner margins diverging anteriorly, the outer curved and forming lateral margin of head; frontovertex small, just large enough to enclose the ocelli, which are arranged in the form of an equilateral triangle, the lateral members placed close to the eye margin; face narrow above, widening below to three to four times its upper width and occupied largely by the antenna! scrobes, which are deeply excavate; below, a triangular flat-topped ridge lies between basal third of the scapes; genae and occiput fairly wide and convex, a distinct carina separating the genae from the face; antennae long (reaching apical margin of thorax), slender, geniculate, attached to lower face not far from mouth opening and rather widely separated at base, 13-jointed, the scapes long, slender, curved, and somewhat flattened (concave inner side, convex outer), the flagellum slender, filiform, widening somewhat outwardly, the distal three segments comprising the club flattened to some extent; mandibles fairly long and stout, apically toothed. Thorax several times longer than wide, somewhat flat, prothorax longer than wide and narrowed apically to a slender neck, the dorsal surface longitudinally furrowed down the middle; mesonotum slightly convex on the sides, sunken in the center behind a triangular boss and between two sharp longitudinal ridges; scutellum scutate, apically rounded and declivous behind, hardly convex, rather flat and bearing on the disk an extensive brush of short, stiff, erect black hairs posteriorly; axillae small, triangular flat sclerites lying in longitudinal rather than transverse direction with saw-toothed basal margin and widely separated so that the inner angles are far apart; episternum elongate, convex; metanotum and propodeum depressed, conspicuously elevated and convex at the posterior lateral angle. Abdomen shorter than thorax, oval, depressed, ovipositor extruded but slightly. Forewings three times as long as greatest width, spatulate, marginal and submarginal veins nearly of equal length, postmarginal longer than stigmal, which diverges from the costal margin at 15-degree angle beyond middle of wing; marginal and discal ciliation short, fine, and complete; a large part of the wing infumate, only the apical fourth and a triangular area behind stigma hyaline. Legs fairly stout, femora and tibiae compressed or flattened to some extent. Piti, Oct. 5, reared from eggs of a katydid, holotype and two paratypes, all females, Swezey., Published as part of Fullaway, D. T., 1946, Hymenoptera, New Species Of Guam Chalcidoidea, pp. 201-210 in Insects of Guam II, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum on pages 202-203, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169330