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Abstract Background Citrus canker caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri (Hasse 1915) is known as a dangerous disease that has serious economic impacts on citrus production in many tropical and subtropical countries. In Iran, Citrus canker disease has caused significant damage to various citrus fruits, particularly limes. Nowadays, employing antagonistic bacteria as an effective and environmentally friendly method for plant disease management has gained special importance. Results Citrus leaf samples were collected from different regions of Iran, and after isolating epiphytic bacteria, ex planta and in planta investigations concerning antagonistic activities of the isolates against Xanthomonas citri pathotypes A and A* were performed. A total of 94 epiphytic bacterial isolates were isolated from citrus aerial parts. Based on biochemical, physiological, morphological, and genotypic tests, it was determined that these bacteria belong to the Bacillus and Staphylococcus genera. The highest inhibition activity against the pathogenic bacterium was related to isolates D4 and D5. Using the molecular method and the resulting dendrogram, it was found that these isolates were most similar to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The present findings demonstrated that pathogenicity test on key lime leaves infected with X. citri pathotypes A and A*, along with the application of the biocontrol strain B. amyloliquefaciens, resulted in a significant reduction in the number of canker lesions. Conclusion The results strongly suggested that the identified antagonistic bacterial isolates hold promising potential as biocontrol agents for managing citrus bacterial canker disease.

Civil education is known as one of the important functions of education, and to teach and learn civil education, there must be a model. One of the important theories related to civil education belongs to Farabi, who is an Iranian-Islamic philosopher. The present study aims at exploring the model of civil education from Farabi’s viewpoint. The approach of the study is qualitative and its method is content analysis. All Farabi’s first- and second-hand translated works, which were selected using the purposeful sampling method and convenience sampling, were explored. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the results of this study. The findings of the thematic analysis were organized in the terms of 50 categories, 34 basic themes, 7 organizing themes and 4 global themes. The results showed that civil education and its dimensions appropriate to the culture and values of our society should be introduced into the educational system. Furthermore, this study introduced some methods of active and participatory civil education and the way to use them from Farabi’s viewpoint.

Food cravings and weight control self-efficacy are psychological issues that can initially and steadily lead to the phenomenon of overweight. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of body appreciation training and self-healing training for food cravings and weight control self-efficacy among overweight women. The method included pretest posttest quasi-experimental design with control group and quarterly follow-up period. Among overweight women referring to control and weight loss centers in Isfahan, 45 were purposed selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The first experimental group participated in 14 weekly 90-minute sessions of body appreciation training and the second experimental group received 14 sessions of 90 minutes and weekly self-healing training. Also, the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The research instruments were food cravings and weight-bearing self-efficacy questionnaires. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that in the variables of food cravings and weight control self-efficacy, there was a significant difference between body appreciation training group and self-healing training group with control group. However, there was no significant difference between body appreciation training group and self-healing training group. According to the results, body appreciation training and self-healing training can be used to reduce food cravings and increase self-efficacy related to weight control in overweight women. IntroductionBeing overweight is one of the common disorders that not only creates physical problems but also leads to psychological challenges for the individual (Sasani et al., 2020). A review of the related literature indicates that making efforts to reduce food cravings and weight control self-efficacy can significantly enhance the effectiveness of nutrition and training programs. (Amirizadeh et al., 2016). Given that both of these approaches highlight the role of body appreciation and self-healing in changing the individuals’ attitudes about their self and coping strategies; the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of body appreciation training and self-healing training for food cravings and weight control self-efficacy among overweight women. Specifically, the current study aimed to find whether there were any meaningful differences between the effect of body appreciation training and self-healing training on food cravings and weight control self-efficacy among overweight women. MethodThis study employed a pretest posttest quasi experimental design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. To this end, the researchers purposefully selected 45 women referring to the wight control centers in Isfahan, Iran in 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups. The research instruments included Mol et al.'s food cravings questionnaire (2014) and Clark et al.'s weight-bearing self-efficacy questionnaire (1991). After the participants received the pretest, the first experimental group received in 14 sessions 90-minute sessions of body appreciation training and the second experimental group received 14 sessions of 90 minutes and weekly self-healing training. It should be noted that the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The participants in the three groups responded to the same questionnaires at the end of the interventions and three months later. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi square tests were used to check for homogeneity, and repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to test the research hypotheses. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. ResultsTable 1 presents the descriptive statistics related to food cravings and weight control self-efficacy.Table 1. Mean and Standard Deviation of Research Variables in Three Research Groups in Three Time StagesBody appreciationSelf-healingControl MeanSDMeanSDMeanSDStageVariable46.204.4446.133.7946.73 PretestFood cravings43.402.5541.334.8247.402.32Posttest 42.202.9842.203.7046.932.05Follow-up 24.402.7423.532.2323.802.70PretestWight control self-efficacy32.03.0931.133.3124.862.09posttest31.463.2030.03.4422.62.41Follow-up Moreover, Table 2 presents the results of repeated measures ANOVA for within group, within group interaction, and between group factor for the research variables. 47 Table 2. Summary Of Results of Analysis of Variance with Repeated MeasurementsSum of squaresFDMean SquaresFSigetaPowerFactor Variable 179.511289.75612.237.0001.225.988Time Food cravings 365.7332182.8678.559.001.290.959Group 145.689436.4224.996.001.191.924Tame X Group 720.3112360.15662.226.0001.5971.00Time Weigh control self-efficacy 755.6002387.80030.577.0001.5931.00Group 362.489490.62215.677.0001.4271.00Tame X Group The results indicated that time (F= 21.33, p > .001), group (F= 8.55, p > .001), and time-group interaction (F= 4.96, p > .001), factors were significant for wight control self-efficacy. The meaningful effects for time and group membership that there were significant differences between the three groups in terms of wight control self-efficacy and food cravings. In addition, the results related to food cravings indicated that time (F = 62.26, p > .001), group (F = 30.57, p > .001), and time-group interaction (F = 15.66, p > .001) factors were significant for this variable. Table 3. Bonferroni Test Results for Two-By-Two Comparison of Research GroupsMean differencesigTreatment groupGroup Factor Variable .733.456Self-healingBody appreciation Group Food cravings 3.06.003ControlBody appreciation 3.80.0001ControlSelf-healing -2.84.004PretestPretest Time -2.980.01Follow-up -.131Follow-upPosttest 1.067.165Self-healingBody appreciation Group Wight loss self-efficacy 5.333.0001ControlBody appreciation 4.467.0001ControlSelf-healing -.62.05PosttestPretest Time -.67.005Follow-up -.24.08Follow-upPosttest As shown in Table 3, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test indicated that there were significant differences between self-healing and body appreciation groups with control group in terms of food cravings and weight control self-efficacy (p >.05), while there were no differences between self-healing and body appreciation groups. DiscussionThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of body appreciation training and self-healing training for food cravings and weight control self-efficacy among overweight women. It seems that the results of the current study indicated that body appreciation and self-healing training have significant effects on food cravings among overweight women and both led to lower food cravings. The results of this study are in line with the study by Homan and Tilka (2018) who reported similar findings. One possible explanation for the effect of body appreciation might be that this type of training employs positive psychology and identifying weaknesses and strengths to help developing positive attitudes about body, higher body acceptance, and protecting body by preventing unreal expectations.In regards to the effectiveness of self-healing, the findings of the present study were in line with the results of Zarean and Latifi (2021), Irani et al. (2021), Soltani et al. (2020). Moreover, it can be argued that self-healing training, due to its focus on identifying and resolving negative memories and by controlling external and internal triggers, could prevent food cravings.Moreover, the findings indicated that self-healing, similar to body appreciation, positively influenced weight control self-efficacy and led to weight control. It can be mentioned that this training method aimed to teach women to re-evaluate the messages they received about themselves and empower them to reject the negative ones (Bailey et al., 2015). This way, the individuals build a different relationship with their body and enables them to create emotional and cognitive changes; therefore, they have higher self-efficacy in regards to their weight control.The results of the study should be generalized with caution because the sample was limited to women in Isfahan. It is also suggested that future studies use the same training methods in people who aim to have cosmetic surgeries or have negative attitudes about their shape and face in different contexts. Ethical ConsiderationCompliance with Ethical Guidelines: articipation was voluntary—the participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time. All ethical issues like informed consent and confidentiality of participants’ identifications were compiled based on ethical committee of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khomeinishahr).Authors’ Contributions: First author (Z. F) contributed to the conception and design of the study, as well as the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article, and writing the entire manuscript. Second author (Z. L) contributed to developing the study design and to final approval of the version to be submitted. Both authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this study.Funding: This study was conducted with no financial support.Acknowledgment: The authors thank all participants in the study. *. Corresponding author

Body image concern is one of the important issues in the field of overweight and the factors of failure in losing weight which is necessary to undergo intervention to increase the efficiency of sports and nutrition programs. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of body appreciation training on body image concerns in overweight adolescents. It was a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group). The research community consisted of overweight girl adolescents who were referred to weight control and weight loss centers in Isfahan City in 2021. From the mentioned society, 30 adolescents were selected by targeted sampling method and assigned to two groups of 15 people, experiment and control. The experimental group received 9 sessions of 90-min body appreciation training. The control group was on the waiting list during this time. The research tool was the body image concern questionnaire of Littleton et al. (2005). Data analysis was done using SPSS-24 software and the covariance analysis method. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the variable of concerns related to body image (P

The fixed point theorem of Nadler (1966) was extended by Mizoguchi and Takahashi in 1989 and then for multi-valued contraction mappings, the existence of fixed point was demonstrated by Daffer and Kaneko (1995). Their results generalized the Nadler’s theorem. In 2009 Kamran generalized Mizoguchi-Takahashi’s theorem. His theorem improve Klim and Wadowski results (2007), and extended Hicks and Rhoades (1979) fixed point theorem. Recently Rouhani and Moradi (2010) generalized Daffer and Kaneko’s results for two mappings. The results of the current work, extend the previous results given by Kamram (2009), as well as by Rouhani and Moradi (2010), Nadler (1969), Daffer and Kaneko (1995), and Mizoguchi and Takahashi (1986) for tow multi-valued mappings. We also give a positive answer to the Rouhani-Moradi’s open problem.

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a large group of oil contaminants with carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. The release of these compounds in soil destroys animals, plants and microbial diversity and has several negative impacts on physical properties of the soil including the destruction of soil aggregates reduction in pores, and increase in soil bulk density. Many strains of microorganisms isolated have the phenanthrene-degrading ability but this study focused on isolation and identification of a phenanthrene-degrader bacterium for bioremediation of contaminated soils. Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a large group of oil contaminants with carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. The release of these compounds in soil destroys animals, plants and microbial diversity and has several negative impacts on physical properties of the soil including the destruction of soil aggregates reduction in pores, and increase in soil bulk density. Many strains of microorganisms isolated have the phenanthrene-degrading ability but this study focused on isolation and identification of a phenanthrene-degrader bacterium for bioremediation of contaminated soils. Materials and Methods: Enrichment technique was used for isolation and the most effective isolates, were named pseudomonas aeruginosa ZF1 and Serratia marcescens ZF2. The degradation experiments were conducted in the mineral salt medium (MSM) containing phenanthrene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The selection was based on phenanthrene biodegradation abilities. The isolates were identified using morphological, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing and after 10 days’ incubation at 30 °C and pH = 7, the bacterial growth and Phe-degrading rate were evaluated by protein assay (Bradford) and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Results: Biochemical tests and 16s rDNA gene sequence analysis revealed that isolated bacteria are similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZF1 and Serratia marcescens ZF2 with 99% similarity. The results showed a mixture of ZF1 and ZF2 bacteria could degrade 83% at minimum concentrations of 200 ppm of phenanthrene whereas single strain culture of two bacteria had poor degradation abilities (less than 15%). Conclusion: Results showed that isolated co-culture bacteria have high potential to degrade phenanthrene with the best results achieved when the enriched consortium was used and this mixture was shown to be an appropriate candidate for bioremediation purposes.

Background: This study focused on isolation and identification of a Phenanthrene (Phe) degrader bacterium and optimization of environmental conditions for Phe degradation. Materials and Methods: Enrichment technique was used for isolation and the most effective isolate; named AP was selected based on its Phe biodegradation abilities. The isolate was identified using morphological and biochemical tests as well as16S rDNA sequencing. The effects of various factors such as temperature, pH and C/N on bacterial growth and Phe degradation were investigated using protein assay (Bradford) and Gas Chromatography (GC), respectively. Results: The selected isolate was identified as Dietzia cinnamea AP. It was able to degrade Phe at pH 6-10 (optimum at 8), temperatures of 25 -45 °C (optimum at 35 °C) and NH4Cl concentrations of 0.5-2.5 gL-1 (optimum at 2 g L-1). By optimization of environmental parameters, within 10 days of fermentation, Phe degradation rate increased by more than 1.2 fold (from 60% to 73%). Conclusion: D. cinnamea AP was found to be an appropriate candidate for bioremediation applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of D. cinnamea species that can degrade Phe.

Background and aims. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) is widely used in endodontics for root canal disinfection, particu-larly in regenerative procedures. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of different concen-trations of TAP at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week intervals on mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Materials and methods. A total of 287 extracted one-rooted human central incisors were infected with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 after removing the crown and preparation. The root canal space was filled with one of the 0.01-, 0.1-, 1-, 10-, 100-, and 1000-mg/mL concentrations of TAP or normal saline (control). The root canal dentin was sampled after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The dentinal shavings were cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar plates after serial dilutions. The classic colony-forming unit (CFU) counting technique was used to determine remaining bacterial counts. Data were analyzed by using the two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests and one-way ANOVA (P

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was investigating the validity and reliability of Persian version of perceived benefits/barriers of physical activity in Iranian elderly. Methods: 388 elderly subjects (up to 60 years) completed demographic characteristics questionnaire, Exercise Benefits/Barriers (EBBS) and Yale physical activity scale. Results: Persian version of EBBS showed nine components, and 31 items predicted 60.26% of variance. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency in total and subscales was respectively 0.75, 0.91 and 0.71. As well positive and significant correlation between total benefits and its subscales and between total barriers and its subscales were found. Research results showed significant and positive correlation between physical activity and the benefits of physical activity (r=0.178, P

PURPOSE:Lung cancer is the deadliest known cancer in the world, with the highest number of mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the status of hotspot regions in DDR2 and KRAS genes for the first time, as well as in TP53 gene, in lung cancer patients within the Iranian population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:The mutations in exon 2 of KRAS, exon 18 of DDR2, and exons 5-6 of TP53 genes were screened in lung cancer samples, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) using PCR and sequencing techniques. RESULTS:Analysis of the KRAS gene showed only a G12C variation in one large cell carcinoma (LCC) patient, whereas variants were not found in adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. The Q808H variation in the DDR2 gene was detected in one SCC sample, while no variant was seen in the ADC and LCC subtypes. Variations in the TP53 gene were seen in all NSCLC subtypes, including six ADC (13.63%), seven SCC (15.9%) and two LCC (4.54%). Forty-eight variants were found in the TP53 gene. Of these, 15 variants were found in coding regions V147A, V157F, Q167Q, D186G, H193R, T211T, F212L and P222P, 33 variants in intronic regions rs1625895 (HGVS: c.672+62A>G), rs766856111 (HGVS: c.672+6G>A) and two new variants (c.560-12A>G and c.672+86T>C). CONCLUSIONS:In conclusion, KRAS, DDR2, and TP53 variants were detected in 2%, 2.17% and 79.54% of all cases, respectively. The frequency of DDR2 mutation is nearly close to other studies, while KRAS and TP53 mutation frequencies are lower and higher than other populations, respectively. Three new putative pathogenic variants, for the first time, have been detected in Iranian patients with lung cancer, including Q808H in DDR2, F212L, and D186G in coding regions of TP53. In addition, we observed five novel benign variants, including Q167Q, P222P and T211T in coding sequence, and c.560-12A>G and c.672+86T>C, in intronic region of TP53. Mutations of KRAS and DDR2 were found in LCC and SCC subtypes, respectively, whereas mutations of TP53 were seen in SCC and ADC subtypes with higher frequencies and LCC subtype with lower frequency. Therefore, Iranian lung cancer patients can benefit from mutational analysis before starting the conventional treatment. A better understanding of the biology of these genes and their mutations will be critical for developing future targeted therapies.

Immobilization of enzymes is a promising approach for the cost-effective application of enzymes. Among others, noncovalent but unleachable approaches for immobilization are one of the most favorable and crucial approaches. Herein, silica nanoparticles are modified by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to generate amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles. Then, the amine functionalities are converted to bifunctional amino acid via post-modification that has zwitterionic properties. This nanostructure with the new functional theme is employed to immobilize Yarrowia lipolytica lipase at room temperature with no further post-modification or cross-linking. This immobilization method is further compared with the metal chelate-based immobilization approach on the same support. The biocatalytic activity of the immobilized lipase is examined under various conditions. The encapsulation of lipase through amino acid-functionalized silica nanoparticles exhibited enhanced stability for the immobilized lipase at higher temperatures and unneutral pHs.

Presence of extra roots and canals should be considered before initiation of root canal treatment for the success of endodontic treatment. A mandibular second premolar with three separate roots is very rare and its prevalence has been reported to be around 0.1%. This case report explains non-surgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three separate roots and three separate mesiobuccal, midbuccal, and lingual canal orifices. Close attention to anatomic variations, thorough radiographic examinations, thorough evaluation of the pulp chamber floor, and use of magnifying and optical devices have been recommended for the success of endodontic treatment of mandibular second premolars with complicated root canal system anatomy.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Farsi version of Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), Timed Up & Go (TUG), and Gait Speed tests in Persian communitydwelling older adults. Methods: Subjects were 100 males in falling or no falling history group (50 subjects in each group). Subjects were community-dwelling adults aged 60-90 years who were living in Tehran city. Each subject completed FGA, TUG, and GS tests once and was scored simultaneously by one tester. Results: Results show that the FGA and the TUG test were negative and significant correlated (r=-0.81, P

The present study aimed to examine the effect of contextual interference on acquisition, retention and transfer of coincidence anticipation task with constant, increasing and decreasing speeds. 36 male physical education participants from Shahid Beheshti University were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into three groups (12 subjects each group) and performed coincidence timing tasks with Bassin anticipation timing. In this research, three separate experiments were used. Experiments consisted of constant speed, increasing speed and decreasing speed. Subjects participated in pretest, acquisition, blocked retention, random retention and transfer tests. Absolute temporal errors were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc tests (P

Objectives: The present study investigated the factor structure of Persian version of Abstract Functional gait assessment for identifying falling risk in Iranian elderly. Methods & Materials: The study was designed 200 subjects divided into two falling history positive and falling history negative (each including 100 subjects). Subjects were community-dwelling adults aged 60-90 years of Tehran. Criteria for entering the study, was acquiring minimum score of 24 from 30 in the MMSE scale. All subjects, performed items of FGA and their data were collected by researcher. FGA consisted of 10 items that measure functional status of subjects in range from 0 to 3 by Likert method. Data were analysed by means of exploratory factor analysis and Principle Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation and t-student. Results: The results showed that the FGA consists of two factors. These two factors predict the 52.53 percent of total variance based on Scree plot and pattern of factor weights were proposed. All items have higher than accepted factor load (0.5), so that ranged from 0.523 to 0.846. Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of FGA in the Iranian elderly is acceptably consistent with its English version and it could be used to identify elderly at risk of falling.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare elderly fallers and non fallers by balance test under dual tasks conditions. Methods & Materials: This study was a analyse-comparative study. Subjects were chosen from three parks of Tehran. Subjects were 20 older adults with no history of falls (aged 72.60±5 years) and 21 older adults with a history of 2 or more falls in the last one year (aged 74.50±6 Years). All subjects performed speed gait test under 3 conditions (speed gait, speed gait with numbers counter randomly [speed gait cognitive], and speed gait while carrying a full cup of water [speed gait manual]). Data was analysed from multivariate analysis with SPSS 17. Results: The results showed significant difference between elderly fallers and non fallers in fall risk composed dependent variable (P=0.0005), as the non fallers had greater score than elderly fallers. Conclusion: Consequently, we can apply the Gait Speed test under both dual task conditions (Cognitive and Motor) for identification of risk of falling in elderly adults with and without of falling history.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify elderly fallers and non-fallers by balance test under dual tasks conditions. Methods & Materials: This study was an analyze-comparative study. Subjects were from three park of Tehran. Subjects were 20 older adults with outhistory of falls (aged 75.95±6.28 years) and 21 older adults with a history of 2 or more falls in the previous one year (aged 72.50±7.31 Years) . All subjects performed Timed Up & Go test under 3 conditions (TimedUp & Go, Timed Up & Go with numbers counter randomly [TUG cognitive], and Timed Up & Go while carrying a full cup of water [TUG manual]). A multivariate analysis of variance and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The results showed significant difference between elderly fallers and non fallers in fall risk composed dependent variable (P=0.0005), as the non fallers had greater score than the elderly fallers. Also, results showed that TUG cognitive has prediction capacity of elderly fall (P=0.013). Conclusion: Consequently, balance under cognitive dual task conditions could be useful method in identification of risk of falling and planning dual task exercise program and physiotherapy to preventfalls.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of students' learning styles and emotional intelligence in learning the setting skill in a cooperative method.Method: The research method was a quasi-experimental type, in which 48 female students in the first stage of high school were selected conveniently and were assigned into one of four groups: divergent learning style with low/high emotional intelligence and convergent learning style with low/high emotional intelligence. After the pre-test and passing the course in an educational environment by using the cooperative learning model, the participants took part in the immediate retention, retention, and transfer tests. The measurement tools were Kolb's learning styles questionnaires, Goleman's emotional intelligence questionnaires, and the French and Cooper volleyball tests. In the data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive statistics section; and in the inferential statistics section, the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and mixed model (4x4) were used at a significance level of 0.05.Findings: The findings indicate that there is a significant difference between the amount of immediate retention, retention, and transfer of volleyball setting skills in a cooperative way in groups with convergent and divergent learning styles and with high and low emotional intelligence; as in the immediate retention, retention, and transfer stages of the group with divergent learning style and high emotional intelligence got the highest score and the group with convergent learning style and low emotional intelligence got the lowest score.Conclusion: it is important to pay attention to the role of learning styles and emotional intelligence of students in teaching setting skills. In addition, it seems that the cooperative learning model is considered a suitable method to use during sports hours.

Abstract In the present study, we investigated the relationship between personality and motivation for physical activity while introducing perceived parental support and social physical anxiety in adolescent girls (N = 318, Mage: 16.19 ± 0.51 years). The present study was a retrospective correlational study that was conducted to analyze of a path model. Dark triad traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, student’s motivation for physical activity, social physique anxiety, and participants’ perceptions of parents’ behaviors were measured. The findings indicated that psychopathy and Machiavellianism were directly and indirectly associated with motivation for physical activity, but Narcissism could only directly predict the motivation for physical activity. Also, need-thwarting (the most), need-supportive and social physical anxiety could predict motivation for physical activity. This model of the result suggests that among adolescent girls, dark triad personality could, directly and indirectly, predict motivation with need-supportive and need-thwarting and also social physical anxiety. It seems that the sense of importance and more attention to oneself in adolescent girls, which exists in the narcissistic personality, can directly lead to more motivation for physical activity. Also, the duplicitous ways of Machiavellian people in pursuing their motives were confirmed in this research.

This study presents a conceptual classification scheme to review the literature on improving the oxidation resistance of tungsten carbide by modifying the binder. The first parts of the article are dedicated to the specification of the databases, the search method, and the description of the criteria chosen to classify the articles. Then, the data collected are presented in statistical graphs according to the proposed classification scheme. The data analyzed show that most of the significant improvements in oxidation resistance are achieved with advanced production processes, especially HIP and SPS, which eliminate porosity to a very high degree. In addition, statistical studies showed that the use of new replacement binders, Ni3Al, Fe–based alloys, FeAl, and Al2O3, improved the oxidation properties in 75–100% of cases. Meanwhile, the use of high–entropy alloys (HEAs) as cermet binders may be the subject of future research for oxidation, given the recently published results of good mechanical properties.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate whether different body mass index (BMI) groups could serve as a distinguishing factor for assessing motor proficiency and social and emotional maturity in adolescent girls. Methods 140 girls ranging from 12 to 14.5 years old were selected from the schools of Tabriz city, Iran. After their height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index, they completed the following questionnaires: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of motor proficiency, Second Edition,Vineland Social Maturity Scale, and Emotional Maturity scale. Results normal-weight girls had a meaningful advantage against overweight and underweight participants in the gross motor factor of motor proficiency (p = 0.004), but there wasn’t a meaningful difference in the fine motor p = 0.196) and coordination factors (p = 0.417). Also, social maturity showed an advantage of normal and underweight adolescent girls in the self-help dressing factor (p = 0.018), while the locomotion skills (p = 0.010) factor revealed a better performance of normal weight and overweight groups over underweight adolescents. No significant differences were observed in the emotional maturity subscales (p = 0.63) between the groups. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that BMI has a direct influence on adolescents’ gross motor proficiency and social maturity.

Introduction: Research evidence indicates that the environment is an important factor in improving children's development. However, little research has been done in the rural children population regarding the effect of motor affordances on cognitive abilities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the developmental environment affordances of rural children and their executive functions enhancement.Methods: The present research was an ex-post facto correlational study, which was conducted as field research with applied research purposes. The statistical population of this study was 8 to 10-year-old primary school children (Mean age = 9.10) of East Azerbaijan province from which 93 children were selected through random cluster sampling method as the study samples to participate in the study. To measure the motor development affordances in the home environment, the AGMDQ-1, and to measure the executive functions, BRIEF test were used.Results: Based on the results of the multiple linear regression test, a positive significant relationship was observed between motor affordances and inhibition (P=0.042) and between motor affordances and initiation (P=0.008) in 8 to 10-year-old children. Also based on the results, no significant relationship was observed between motor development affordances including stimulants, home environment and active toys, and other components of executive functions (P>0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results of the present research, children's living environment is an important factor in predicting the components of their executive functions. Accordingly, it is suggested that to improve executive functions during childhood, children should be in richer environments (in terms of the presence of affordances such as active toys).

Mobile applications have been proposed as a helpful tool to provide health-related information to people, and this is more important in pregnancy-related mobile applications. This review study aimed to investigate the features of Persian and English mobile apps for self-care in pregnancy.This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on all Persian and English mobile applications related to pregnancy in 2022. A search was conducted on Iranian digital app market (Bazaar) and "Google Play", using the following keywords: "pregnancy", "pregnant women", "obstetrics", and their Persian translations. For each app, the extracted information included name, user satisfaction rate, and the features and provided information by mobile app.The total number of retrieved applications was 416 apps. After removing the duplicates and applying the inclusion criteria, 63 applications were selected for features extraction. Reviewing the features and information provided by the applications showed that the most frequent categories of information included the following items: childbirth and pregnancy (including timing contractions, fetal movement, symptoms of pregnancy and predicting delivery time), restrictions and limitations (including behavioral limits, sexual restrictions, smoking and alcohol, cosmetics and pregnancy and drug use during pregnancy), and monitoring and control tools (BMI Calculator, managing weight gain during pregnancy, control of blood pressure).Paying attention to pregnant women and meeting their information needs could lead to healthier generation. A wide range of mobile applications related to pregnancy are available with many capabilities. Considering pregnant women’s need for information and using these apps in self-care, it seems essential to develop and design a series of high-quality apps matching pregnant women's needs.