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Objectives: Coronary angiography can be stressful for patients and anxiety-caused physiological responses during the procedure increase the risk of dysrhythmia, coronary artery spasms and rupture. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effects of peer, video and combined peer-and-video training on anxiety among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This single-blinded randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted at two large educational hospitals in Iran between April and July 2016. A total of 120 adult patients undergoing coronary angiography were recruited. Using a block randomisation method, participants were assigned to one of four groups, with those in the control group receiving no training and those in the three intervention groups receiving either peer-facilitated training, video-based training or a combination of both. A Persian-language validated version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure pre- and post-intervention anxiety. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in mean pre-intervention anxiety scores between the four groups (F = 0.31; P = 0.81). In contrast, there was a significant reduction in post-intervention anxiety among all three intervention groups compared to the control group (F = 27.71; P

Despite adequate treatment for diabetes, it is estimated that 15%- 20% of people with diabetes are struggling with a moderate to severe form of depression daily. Little is known about depression in diabetes in East Africa, particularly in Tanzania. The study is aimed at determining the prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with diabetes. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the diabetes clinic of Muhimbili National Hospital. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) scale was used to assess presence of depressive symptoms among diabetes patients at the clinic. In addition, patient’s sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained and analysed for their association with depression. A total of 353 participants were recruited, of whom 229 (64.9%) patients were female and 156 (44.2%) were aged between 41 and 60 years. The overall prevalence of depression among diabetes patients at the diabetes clinic was 87%. Most (56.7%) had minimal depression, 22.1% had mild depression, and 8.2% had moderate depression. None had severe depression. Factors independently associated with a diagnosis of mild to moderate depression were being on insulin therapy and being a current smoker. There was a high prevalence of depression in this diabetic population. Majority of patients had minimal depression but about 30% had either mild or moderate depression. A holistic approach that focuses on the identification and management of depression among patients with diabetes is recommended.

Atractylis flava Desf. (AF) is common plant that is widely used for its anti- inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and the molecular basis of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate extract (AFEAE) obtained from the whole plant A. flava. This was accomplished through the use of NR8383 alveolar rat macrophage cells. Cultures of alveolar rat macrophage cells were treated with AFEAE (25–800 μg/mL), and cell viability was determined via WST-1 and LDH tests. In turn, the gene expression levels of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase (OPA1), Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA) and neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) were assessed by applying RT-qPCR. The results show that ethyl acetate extracts of A. flava have non-cytotoxic effects, and the gene expression analysis demonstrates that AFEAF extracts generate significant downregulation of NF-κB, TNFα, IL-1 β, IL-6, NCF1, OPA1 and SDHA, compared to untreated cells. This study reveals that Atractylis flava ethyl acetate extract administration may be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory related diseases.

Background: Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are essential for follicular development. Ovarian advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulation is related to GCs dysfunction. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) illustrates therapeutic capabilities for infertility-related disorders. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of ALA on AGEs-induced GCs hormonal dysfunction.Methods: The study was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022 at the Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Isolated GCs (n=50) were divided into control, human glycated albumin (HGA), HGA+ALA, and ALA treatments. Steroidogenic enzymes and AGE receptor (RAGE) genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. Steroid hormones and RAGE protein were evaluated using ELISA and Western blotting. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism software (ver. 9), and P

In this article, we define probabilistic normed quasi-linear spaces and provide some introductions and examples to clarify the structure of these spaces. We then investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the (additive) Cauchy functional equation in probabilistic normed quasi-linear spaces by using a version of the fixed point theorem.

Abstract Background Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been shown to be associated with improvements in some aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, only a few studies have addressed the effect of TRE on pulse wave velocity (PWV). We thus propose a randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of TRE with standard dietary advice on PWV and thereby present the protocol. Methods Forty-eight participants will be assigned to either TRE or control groups using simple randomization. The TRE group will consume their meals during a 10-h period and experience 14 h of fasting. They will also be advised to consume their last meal no later than 20:00. Both groups will receive standard dietary advice. The participants will be followed for 6 weeks. The primary outcome will be changes in PWV. Laboratory measurements, including lipid profile, liver enzyme tests, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance, as well as anthropometric data, blood pressure, basal metabolic rate, appetite status, physical activity level, sleep quality, cognitive function, quality of life, and calorie intake, will be evaluated throughout the study. Discussion The outcomes of this study will allow a comparison of the effects of TRE and standard dietary recommendations on PWV and other cardiometabolic factors in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; code: IRCT20201230049889N1; registered on August 14, 2022. The registration of the trial is accessible at: https://www.IRCT.ir/trial/64485?revision=281341 .

Background: Insulin-secreting tumors are the most common hormone-producing neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Only 10 percent of overall cases of insulinoma have malignant variants, which have a poor prognosis. Cases Report: The present study reports an unusual case of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor associated with hypoglycemia and liver metastasis as the initial presentation followed a rapidly progressive clinical course. A few cases of malignant insulinoma were reported with favorable responses in the literature. This research presents a patient with resistant malignant insulinoma who could not undergo an operation and received treatment with somatostatin analogs (S.S.A.), Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), and other supportive care that was inappropriate. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and extensive treatment are auspicious for improving the prognosis of malignant insulinoma, and proper treatment with medications would increase the quality of life of patients. Nevertheless, unfortunately, late patient referrals, socioeconomic conditions, and being infected with Covid-19 disease resulted in death.

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that accompany many metabolic disorders including diabetes,obesity, and a wide range of dyslipidemia conditions, are strongly associated with adverse effects on cell and tissuehomeostasis. Accordingly, our objective was to investigate the impact of AGE-promoting diets on mouse models,considering both scenarios with and without methylglyoxal (MGO) as a primary precursor of AGEs.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice were split into four groups as a controlgroup (n=5), AGE (n=5), MGO (n=8), and AGE-MGO-diets (n=8). After five weeks the level of fasting blood sugar (FBS),body weight, food intake, sperm parameters, and functional tests were evaluated. Furthermore, testicular superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed.Results: After five weeks, AGE, AGE-MGO, and MGO groups showed the highest level of body weight and FBS incomparison to the control group. Mean sperm concentration, sperm malondialdehyde, testicular lipid peroxidation,and TAC did not differ significantly among the study groups. While, AGE, MGO, and AGE-MGO groups showed asignificant reduction in sperm motility and progressive motility compared to the control group (P

This research analyzed the accounting field's scientific collaboration network and conceptual structure. All documents published in core accounting journals from 2006-2022 in Scopus with over 9 citations were examined. Scientific collaboration and co-occurrence networks were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer software. The publishing of accounting documents is primarily led by three major countries: The United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Authors and institutions from these nations actively contribute to the publications in this field. Additionally, recent studies have shown a notable rise in research output in accounting from Malaysia, Germany, China, Italy, and Indonesia. The word co-occurrence revealed six subject areas within the field of accounting. These areas encompass emerging accounting and management control trends, financial reporting and market dynamics, sustainability reporting, corporate social responsibility, international financial reporting standards and accounting regulation, corporate governance, and firm performance, and audit quality and assurance. By tracking significant developments in accounting research, it becomes evident that the discipline has evolved from establishing foundational concepts and practices to focusing on financial reporting, auditing, corporate governance, international accounting, social and environmental considerations, technology integration, and specialized areas of interest.

Background: Osteopenia is a relatively common disorder in premature infants. If this disease is not diagnosed and treated timely, it would be impaired growth in infancy. Objectives: Present study was performed for assessment relationship between osteopenia and neonatal/maternal factors among premature neonates that hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Afzalipour Medical Center. Methods: Present cross-sectional study was performed on 100 premature infants, who were admitted to the NICU of Afzalipour Medical Center in Kerman during 2017-2018. Alkaline phosphatase a screening criterion for osteopenia was measured in infants aged one month and its relation with factors such as birth weight, weight gaining, duration of hospitalization, duration of intravenous feeding, type of nutrition, volume of formula and food supplement consumption were evaluated. Results: Of the total 100 preterm babies, based on the criterion utilized for diagnosis of osteopenia (alkaline phosphatase above 900 units/L), 41 infants had osteopenia of prematurity Prevalence of osteopenia was 41%. Infants who used breastmilk alone has mostly osteopenia of prematurity. Prevalence of osteopenia was higher among girls in compare with boys. Mean length of hospitalization, Total parenteral nutrition venous feeding in neonates with osteopenia were higher among in compare with other neonates. Mean of maternal serum level of vitamin D in mothers of premature neonates with osteopenia was significantly lower in compare with others. Conclusions: Infants that intake exclusively breast milk was more vulnerable to osteopenia, and supplement should be considered in these infants.

Abstract Background KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows a relatively low response rate to chemotherapy, immunotherapy and KRAS-G12C selective inhibitors, leading to short median progression-free survival, and overall survival. The MET receptor tyrosine kinase (c-MET), the cognate receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), was reported to be overexpressed in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells leading to tumor-growth in anchorage-independent conditions. Methods Cell viability assay and synergy analysis were carried out in native, sotorasib and trametinib-resistant KRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines. Colony formation assays and Western blot analysis were also performed. RNA isolation from tumors of KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients was performed and KRAS and MET mRNA expression was determined by real-time RT-qPCR. In vivo studies were conducted in NSCLC (NCI-H358) cell-derived tumor xenograft model. Results Our research has shown promising activity of omeprazole, a V-ATPase-driven proton pump inhibitor with potential anti-cancer properties, in combination with the MET inhibitor tepotinib in KRAS-mutant G12C and non-G12C NSCLC cell lines, as well as in G12C inhibitor (AMG510, sotorasib) and MEK inhibitor (trametinib)-resistant cell lines. Moreover, in a xenograft mouse model, combination of omeprazole plus tepotinib caused tumor growth regression. We observed that the combination of these two drugs downregulates phosphorylation of the glycolytic enzyme enolase 1 (ENO1) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 5/6 in the H358 KRAS G12C cell line, but not in the H358 sotorasib resistant, indicating that the effect of the combination could be independent of ENO1. In addition, we examined the probability of recurrence-free survival and overall survival in 40 early lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS G12C mutation stratified by KRAS and MET mRNA levels. Significant differences were observed in recurrence-free survival according to high levels of KRAS mRNA expression. Hazard ratio (HR) of recurrence-free survival was 7.291 (p = 0.014) for high levels of KRAS mRNA expression and 3.742 (p = 0.052) for high MET mRNA expression. Conclusions We posit that the combination of the V-ATPase inhibitor omeprazole plus tepotinib warrants further assessment in KRAS-mutant G12C and non G12C cell lines, including those resistant to the covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors.

Abstract Although previous research has explored the link between plant-based diets and mental health outcomes, there has been limited study on the quality levels of plant foods in this context. This study was conducted on 733 adolescent girls from cities in northeastern Iran. The validated Iranian version of the Insomnia Severity Index, SF-12v2 questionnaire and Persian version of the Beck Depression Inventory used to assess insomnia and poor quality of life (QoL) and depression, respectively. Dietary intakes assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The association of scores of plant based dietary index (PDI) and poor QoL, depression and insomnia explored by binary logistic regression. The unadjusted model showed subjects in the highest quartile of healthy PDI had lower chances of insomnia than those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.50; 95% CI 0.27–0.91, P = 0.024). The association persisted across various adjusted models. Subjects in the highest quartile of unhealthy PDI (uPDI) had higher chances of depression than those in the lowest quartile (OR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.09–3.08, P = 0.022). The significance of the association was maintained after adjusting for other confounders. A healthy plant-based dietary index is associated with a lower odds of insomnia. An unhealthy plant-based dietary index was associated to an increased chance of depression. Findings need to be confirmed by future studies.

Aim and Background: This study compares emotion-oriented schema therapy and transactional analysis's effectiveness in addressing marital conflict communication beliefs, aiming to improve effectiveness and reduce recovery time. Methods and Materials: The research method is semi-experimental, with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up stage. The statistical population of this research consisted of all couples who referred to Abadan counseling centers and Abadan judicial service offices in 2022. The statistical sample consisted of 30 couples who were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group based on the criteria for entering the research. The research tool was Eidelson and Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs Questionnaire. Research protocols included emotional schema therapy written by Leahy, Tirch and Napolitano (2011) and interactional behavior analysis by Eric Byrne (2011). Multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test were performed using SPSS version 26 statistical software at a significance level of 0.05 for data analysis. Findings: The findings show that in the groups of emotion-oriented schema therapy and transactional analysis, there is a significant difference in all variable components of communication beliefs in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up phases (p≤0.05), but There is no significant difference in between the post-test and follow-up (p≥0.05). Also, there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups in the post-tests and follow-up group comparison (p≥0.05); But there is a significant difference between the control group and the two experimental groups (p

Background: Several studies assessed the relationship between the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B gene polymorphism (rs708272) with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, their findings were inconsistent. The present study investigated the relationship between CVD risk factors and the Taq1B variant in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 476 patients aged 30-76 years old of both sexes from 2020-2021, in Yazd (Iran). The Taq1B polymorphism genotypes were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on DNA extracted from whole blood. Standard protocols were used to measure cardio-metabolic markers. To determine the association between CVDs risk factors and the rs708272 variant, binary logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models.Results: Taq1B polymorphism genotype frequencies were 10.7% for B1B1, 72.3% for B1B2, and 17% for B2B2. There was no significant association between abnormal levels of CVDs risk factors and different genotypes of the Taq1B variant, Gensini score (P=0.64), Syntax score (P=0.79), systolic blood pressure (P=0.55), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.58), and waist circumference (P=0.79). There was no significant association between genotypes of the rs708272 variant and any abnormal serum lipid levels. After adjusting for confounders, the results remained non-significant.Conclusion: There was no significant association between CVDs risk factors and CETP rs708272 polymorphism. The relationship between CETP gene variants and CVD occurrences varied across groups, implying that more research in different regions is required. A preprint version of this manuscript is available at https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2575215/v1 with doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2575215/v1.

Background and objectives: Ulcerative colitis is a challenging inflammatory bowel disease that requires new treatments. Pinus eldarica can be a suitable candidate for this disease due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerative and antioxidant properties. Methods: Pinus eladarica aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of barks were standardized according to the total phenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidin contents. Three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) of both extracts were separately administered to rats with acetic acid-induced colitis for a period of five days. Reference groups received dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or mesalazine (150 mg/kg, p.o.) while control groups were treated with normal saline. Results: Both extracts reduced the macroscopic parameters of colitis (weight of colon, ulcer area, ulcer severity and ulcer index) significantly compared with control groups, especially in lower doses (100, 200 mg/kg). Similarly, the extracts improved the microscopic parameters (severity and extent of inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, crypt damage, and total colitis score) except for the dose of 400 mg, which was not effective. The decrease in myeloperoxidase activity and malondeladehyde values ​​was also significant for both extracts at all doses. Conclusion: Pinus eldarica bark extracts are effective in treating and reducing the damage caused by colitis, although it is necessary to adjust the effective dosage. Lower doses of extracts, especially hydroalcoholic one showed better therapeutic effects. Further studies are necessary to identify effective compounds, particularly in the hydroalcoholic extract, for producing an herbal drug for the clinical setting.

Abstract A novel magnetic biocomposite adsorbent, denoted as AgZnFe2O4@Ch, was utilized for the degradation of Metronidazole (MNZ) from water. Various analytical techniques, including vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), were applied to investigate the characteristics of the magnetic biocomposite adsorbent. XRD examination confirmed the formation of spinel ferrites phases. FESEM assessment indicated a notable reduction in sample aggregation. The ferromagnetic character of the adsorbent was well demonstrated by VSM analysis. The saturation magnetization value for straightforward separating by the outside magnetic fields was 14.64 emu/g. An analytical modeling approach was used to evaluate and analyze the impacts of factors including MNZ initial concentration, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH. Optimized conditions involved an adsorbent dosage of 0.9 g/L, pH of 7, MNZ initial concentration of 10 mg/L, and a contact time of 50 min, resulting in a peak adsorption efficiency of 65.53% under favorable circumstances. A good degree of fit was achieved with the linear model. The experimental equilibrium data fitting to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models demonstrates that the Langmuir model was an effective and appropriate model for evaluating adsorption. Intraparticle kinetic modeling was also shown to be better suitable for characterizing the MNZ adsorption onto the adsorbent. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the process of MNZ adsorption by AgZnFe2O4@Ch was characterized by exothermicity and lacked spontaneity.

Abstract Background Infants who are born from mothers with substance use disorder might suffer from neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and need treatment with medicines. One of these medicines is phenobarbital, which may cause side effects in long-term consumption. Alternative drugs can be used to reduce these side effects. This study seeks the comparison of the effects of phenobarbital & levetiracetam as adjuvant therapy in neonatal abstinence syndrome. Methods This randomized clinical trial was performed in one year from May 2021 until May 2022. The neonates who were born from mothers with substance use disorder and had neonatal abstinence syndrome in Afzalipoor Hospital of Kerman were studied. The treatment started with morphine initially and every four hours the infants were checked. The infants who were diagnosed with uncontrolled symptoms After obtaining informed consent from the parents were randomly divided into two groups and treated with secondary drugs, either phenobarbital or levetiracetam. Results Based on the obtained results, it was clear that there was no significant difference between the hospitalization time of the two infant groups under therapy (phenobarbital: 18.59 days versus Levetiracetam 18.24 days) (P-value = 0.512). Also, there was no significant difference between both groups in terms of the frequency of re-hospitalization during the first week after discharge, the occurrence of complications, and third treatment line prescription (P-value = 0.644). Conclusions Based on the obtained results, like hospitalization duration time (P-value = 0.512) it seems that levetiracetam can be used to substitute phenobarbital in treating neonatal abstinence syndrome. Trial registration The current study has been registered in the Iran registry of clinical trials website (fa.irct.ir) on the date 25/2/2022 with registration no. IRCT20211218053444N2.

A rotating disc in a close chamber was fabricated to evaluate the drag reduction (DR) performance of different polymer suspensions which estimates it with evaluating tension of crude oil on the disk before and after adding suspensions. The main issue is the link between the rheological and functional behaviors of polymers in crude oil. Polyisobutylene (PIB), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and polystyrene (PS) were used as polymers, and their performances were compared with a commercial drag reducer agent. The viscoelastic behavior of polymers and their viscosity in crude oil were found to significantly alter the drag reduction efficiency. Although having been increasingly studied the more the elasticity of the agent, the greater the drag reduction efficiency, it was concluded that the drag force does not change monotonically with the increase in the concentration of polymers (or induction of higher turbulence), and one should use an optimum concentration of polymers to gain the maximum drag reduction. Furthermore, increasing the temperature was found an easy way to slightly promote the drag reduction efficiency. In addition, it will be possible to predict the optimal concentration and temperature with rheological studies before conducting operational tests. The results of rheological evaluations clearly show the entanglement and relaxation behavior depends on the polymer concentration. Also the operational tests show, although, due to its short-chain molecules and high viscosity, the drag reduction by means of PS contained DR was less than 10 %, the sample containing 15.0 ppm of PIB and SBR could cause up to ∼ 40 % drag reduction at 40 °C and Re = 300,000 (considered as the beginning of the turbulent flow in rotating disk apparatus (RDA)). This record is comparable to that of the commercial sample.

In this work, a new series of 1,2-diphenyl-3aH-spiro[benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thaizol-3,5ʹ-pyrimidine (4) or 3,2ʹ-indendion (6) derivatives were efficiently designed and prepared using a novel and easy route in excellent yields by multicomponent-reactions between benzothiazoles, 2-chloro-2-phenylacetophenone, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. These reactions were carried out in CH2Cl2 at ambient temperature under catalyst-free conditions for 3 h. The structure all of the synthesized compounds were established by NMR, IR, EI-MS and elemental analyses.

In an era where the precise detection of alcohols is increasingly vital across a broad spectrum of industries, from healthcare to petrochemicals, the introduction of an innovative, highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber-based sensor represents a significant advancement. This pioneering research unveils a sensor engineered explicitly for the accurate detection of ethanol, methanol, and propanol, operating within the terahertz (THz) frequency range. Utilizing the exceptional attributes of photonic crystals and incorporating Zeonex as a base material, the sensor achieves unparalleled sensitivity and minimal material loss, thereby establishing new benchmarks for alcohol detection technologies. Its distinctive design, featuring rectangular air holes and an asymmetrical structure, not only enhances birefringence but also amplifies its sensitivity, guaranteeing superior performance that outstrips existing methods. The sensor’s operational advantages include its ability to detect alcohol at extremely low concentrations, its high speed of detection, and its resistance to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Beyond simple alcohol detection, the sensor serves as a versatile instrument with the potential for widespread application in sectors that demand dependable and efficient detection mechanisms, highlighting its adaptability and the broad scope of its use. This article not only provides a detailed overview of the sensor’s technical specifications and operational advantages but also places it within the broader landscape of technological innovation, signaling the dawn of a new chapter in substance detection and analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women in the third trimester with and without anemia.Methods: A case-control study was conducted, involving 144 pregnant women with anemia (case group) and 144 pregnant women without anemia (control group) receiving prenatal care in the third trimester between April 2021 and March 2022. Various maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes, such as response to iron intake, incidence of preeclampsia during delivery, rates of cesarean section, postpartum infections, small for gestational age (SGA) infants, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, and birth weight, were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results: Mean hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in women with anemia compared to those in the control group (p

Abstract Background It has been proposed that a greater degree of adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of depression and a poor quality of life (QoL). The Lifelines diet score (LLDS) is a new, evidence-base scoring system to define the quality of diet. We designed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between LLDS with depression and QoL in Iranian adolescent girls. Methods A total of 733 female adolescents were recruited from Mashhad and Sabzevar cities, Iran. Depression and QoL were assessed utilizing the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and SF-12v2 questionnaires, respectively. The LLDS was defined by dividing intakes of 12 food groups with negative or positive health effects into quintiles ranging 12 to 60 points. To explore the association between LLDS with QoL and depression, logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models. Results The prevalence of depression and poor QoL was 24% and 49%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, adolescent girls in the highest quartile of LLDS compared with the participants in the lowest quartile had a 42% lower probability of reporting depressive symptoms (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35–0.97, P = 0.03). In addition, the participants in the highest quartile of LLDS had lower odds of poor QoL compared with the subjects in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42–0.92, P = 0.04). Conclusions There is an inverse relationship between LLDS with risk of depression and poor QoL. Prospective and interventional investigations are needed to reach a clear vision.

Abstract The pain associated with chest tube removal (CTR) is one of the significant complications of cardiac surgery. The management of this pain is recognized as a vital component of nursing care. The application of distraction techniques using virtual reality (VR) is an effective and straightforward non-pharmacological approach to alleviate pain. This study aimed to determine the impact of VR technology on the management of pain caused by CTR following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients undergoing CABG at Imam Reza and Qaem hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 35. For the intervention group, a 360-degree video was played using VR glasses 5 min before the CTR procedure. The pain intensity was measured before, immediately after, and 15 min after CTR, using the Visual Analogue Scale. Also, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and the Rhoten Fatigue Scale (RFS) were used to evaluate intervention and control groups before the CTR procedure. The collected data was analyzed using statistical tests, such as Chi-square, independent t-test, and Mann–Whitney test. The patients were homogeneous in terms of stress, anxiety, and fatigue levels before CTR, and they did not show any significant differences (P > 0.05). The average pain intensity score of patients in the intervention group significantly decreased immediately and 15 min after CTR, compared to the control group (P

Abstract Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecologic malignancy, accounting for a significant proportion of women death worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the major etiological causes leading to CC onset; however, genetic, and epigenetic factors are also responsible for disease expansion. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are known as a particular subset of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) superfamily, with covalently closed loop structures, have been reported to be involved in the progression of diverse diseases, especially neoplasms. In this framework, abnormally expressed circRNAs are in strong correlation with CC pathogenesis through regulating substantial signaling pathways. Also, these RNA molecules can be considered as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CC diagnosis/prognosis and treatment, respectively. Herein, we first review key molecular mechanisms, including Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, as well as angiogenesis and metastasis, by which circRNAs interfere with CC development. Then, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potentials of these ncRNA molecules will be highlighted in depth.

Objectives This study aims to assess the relationship of the meaning of life, self-compassion and perceived social support with the fear of aging in the elderly in Iran, mediated by spiritual well-being. Methods & Materials This is a descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population consists of the elderly aged 65-80 years in Ila, Iran. Using a purposive sampling method، 300 elderly (men and woman) were selected. The assessment tools included Steger et al. ’s Meaning of Life Questionnaires, Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale, Phillips et al. ’s Social Support Appraisals Scale, Lasher and Faulkender’s Anxiety about Aging Scale, and Paloutzian & Ellison’s Spiritual Well Being Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test, descriptive statistics, and the maximum likelihood method (ML) in SPSS software, version 26, and structural equation modeling in AMOS version 24. Results Participants were 140(46.77%) males and 83(28.33%) females. In terms of age range, 157 (53.33%) were in the age group of 65-69 years, 85 (28.33%) in the age group of 70-75 years, and 58 (19.33%) in the age group of 76-80 years. The values of path coefficients indicated that the meaning of life (39%)، self-compassion (43%), and perceived social support (27%) directly explained the changes in the fear of aging. The meaning of life and self-compassion variables were indirectly related to the fear of aging through spiritual well-being. Spiritual well-being did not statistically mediate the relationship between perceived social support and fear of aging (P>0.05). Conclusion Meaning in life, self-compassion, perceived social support, and spiritual well-being can be used in educational interventions for the treatment of fear of aging in the elderly.

Abstract The association of CETP Taq1B polymorphism with some metabolic traits is still controversial. The interaction of adherence to dietary indices with this polymorphism on the severity of coronary artery stenosis and serum lipid parameters needs to be investigated. This study aimed to test this hypothesis. This cross‐sectional study included 453 patients who were referred from Afshar Hospital of Yazd and undergoing coronary angiography from 2020 to 2021. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 178‐item validated and reliable dietary questionnaire. Dietary indices such as dietary antioxidant index (DAI), dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS), and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) are determined according to dietary guidelines. The Taq1B variant was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR‐RFLP). Two‐way ANOVA was used to test the interaction between Taq1B polymorphism and dietary indices. The results of the frequency analysis of Taq1B genotypes showed that 10.4% were B1B1, 72.4% B1B2, and 17.2% B2B2. No significant interaction was found between the Taq1B variant with high adherence to DAQS, DAI, and DPI on total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG) levels, and Gensini score (GS) and Syntax score (SS). In high‐adherence dietary indices, lipid profile and coronary artery stenosis scores did not differ significantly in Taq1B genotypes. Due to the insignificant results in this research, further studies are needed to investigate the role of Taq1B SNP in modulating dyslipidemia and the severity of the CAD in interaction with dietary indices.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects about 262 million people worldwide, leading to over 820,000 deaths each year primarily due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The World Health Organization has pledged to eliminate HBV as a health threat by 2030, but currently, no countries are on track to achieve this goal. One of the barriers to HBV elimination is stigma, causing shame, denial, self-isolation, self-rejection, and depression leading to those with chronic HBV less likely to get tested or seek treatment and more likely to conceal their infection. Other barriers include limited access to care and complicated and restrictive clinical practice guidelines. Increasing public and political efforts are necessary to raise awareness, increase access to care, and change screening and treatment guidelines. The current guidance of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) recommends testing only if patients are considered at risk, but this has proven to be ineffective. We propose a simplified “test all and treat all” approach with a 5-line guideline for HBV infection. Universal screening and treatment of adults is cost-effective and can prevent transmission by effectively managing chronic HBV. All patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive with detectable HBV-DNA should receive treatment until HBsAg is undetectable for 12 months, as HBV-DNA transmission via blood transfusion can occur even at low viral loads of 16 copies/mL, and mother-to-child transmission is still a risk even with passive-active immunoprophylaxis. Furthermore, clinical outcomes after HBsAg clearance are significantly better than the clinical outcomes of those who remain HBsAg positive.

Background: Students with a social anxiety disorder (SAD) face a variety of problems such as early dropout, academic failure, and avoidance of social situations. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on cognitive avoidance and emotion regulation strategies in female students with SAD through an emotional schema therapy (EST) approach.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design was used. The study population included female high school students with SAD in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2023. Out of 120 students with SAD who met the inclusion criteria, 75 were randomly selected as the study participants and were then assigned to three groups of 25 (two experimental groups and one control group). Training sessions for mindfulness-based stress management and EST were conducted in eight 90-minute sessions twice a week. For data collection, the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was done using the ANCOVA test and SPSS version 23. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: In the posttest, mean±SD for cognitive avoidance, reappraisal, and suppression in the mindfulness-based stress reduction training group was 50.71±6.78, 32.87±2.65, and 14.08±5.68, respectively; suggesting a significant difference as compared with the control group (82.91±2.18, 12.53±6.75, and 20.81±2.74) (P

The epidemiology of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has drastically changed in recent decades due to public health initiatives, including universal infant vaccination programs,urbanization driving global travel, and migration patterns. Despite screening of pregnant women and newborns significantly reducing the rate of perinatal transmission in certain parts of the world, other, perhaps more uncommon, routes (e.g., parenteral) have led to outbreaks in specific areas affected by the opioid epidemic and injection drug use. Although our current understanding of the effect of genetic variants of HBV is lacking, we review current knowledge and patterns of genetic variants with geographical predominance, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations. Serologic and molecular markers are used to screen, identify phase and activity of infection, and monitor response to antivirals and/or reactivation. This review will provide the most up-to-date summary of the epidemiology, transmission, genotype, replication, and current methods of screening to follow the various phases of HBV, including immunotolerance and reactivation.

Abstract Background Reduced ovarian reserve is among the crucial long‐term side effects of using chemotherapy agents in breast cancer, yielding early ovarian failure. On the other hand, vitamin D is an essential factor in protecting the follicles and an important predictive factor for successful IVF therapy. Aim The aim of this study is evaluation of vitamin D as a agent that can reduce fertility complications of chemotherapy specially in young women. Methods Breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at two cancer institutes were enrolled in this study. The case group received 1000 IU of calcitriol, and the AMH level was measured at the baseline, after chemotherapy, and six months after chemotherapy. The primary end point was improvement in the AMH level after six months of chemotherapy. the secondary endpoint was to evaluate the predictive factors of AMH level decline during chemotherapy. Results Between 2018 and 2019, 18 and 15 patients were enrolled in the case and control groups, respectively. The mean AMH level (ngr/ml) of the patients in the case and control group were 3.16 and 2.37 ng/mL, respectively (p‐value = .16). These levels were 0.387 and 0.19 after six months (p‐value = .38). The AMH rise immediately after chemotherapy cycles to six months after chemotherapy, in the case and control groups were 0.86 and 0.44 ng/mL, respectively, which was slightly higher in the case group but not statistically significant between two groups (p‐value = .054). Conclusion Despite a minimal rise in the AMH level after six months of chemotherapy, the study could not demonstrate any protective effect of vitamin D on patients' ovarian reserve undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Further larger studies are needed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplements on ovarian reserve beside optimal dose and duration.

Abstract Objective This study evaluates the efficacy of a novel mucoadhesive patch containing Nigella sativa 10% extract compared to triamcinolone 0.1% in alleviating symptoms and reducing lesion severity in patients with erosive‐atrophic oral lichen planus. Methods and Materials A pilot study comprising two groups, each with 10 patients, was conducted. The intervention group received mucoadhesive patches containing N. sativa 10% extract, while the control group received triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% patches. Pain and burning intensity, measured through visual analog scale, and lesion severity based on the Thongprasom scale were assessed weekly for 4 weeks. Descriptive records were kept for side effects and patient satisfaction. Results Pain and burning intensity decreased in both groups throughout the sessions, with the N. sativa group showing a greater reduction than the triamcinolone group. The reduction in burning intensity within each group was significant (p .05). Lesion severity also decreased significantly in both groups (p

In this work, we developed a simple technique to produce an effective electrode material consisting of nickel-cobalt-layered double hydroxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite (Ni-Co-LDH/MWCNTs). This nanocomposite was prepared and characterization techniques such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize its morphology and structure. The electrochemical studies and measurements were carried out by using various techniques including cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chronoamperometry (CHA). The Ni-Co-LDH/MWCNTs nanocomposite-modified carbon paste electrode (Ni-Co-LDH/MWCNTs/CPE) exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the determination of 4-aminophenol. Detection of 4-aminophenol was done by using DPV. According to the results of DPV, the Ni-Co-LDH/MWCNTs/CPE sensor demonstrated a linear response to 4-aminophenol in the linear range of 0.02–700.0 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µM, and a sensitivity of 0.076 µA/µM. Also, the modified CPE presented reproducible and repeatable responses to determine 4-AP. The prepared sensor was also applied for determination of 4-aminophenol in the presence of possible interfering species and good results were obtained. In addition, the sensor successfully detected 4-aminophenol in real water samples with recoveries ranging from 98.0 % to 104.0 %, and with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 3.3 %. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that the prepared sensor can be an effective tool for the simple, fast, and sensitive detection of 4-aminophenol in water samples.

Abstract Background The benefit of surfactant replacement therapy for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been demonstrated. However, some surfactants are expensive and usually inaccessible. Consequently, the Iranian Survanta was produced, but its effect on complications and mortality of RDS is unknown. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic outcomes of Iranian surfactant (beraksurf) and BLES (bovine lipid extract surfactant) on RDS treatment among preterm neonates. Methods This triple blinded randomized controlled trial study was performed on 128 eligible neonates diagnosed with RDS in Afzalipour hospital in Kerman, Iran. Diagnosis of RDS, gestational age of 28–34 weeks and weight ≥ 1 kg were considered as inclusion criteria. Congenital anomalies such as congenital cyanotic heart diseases, digestive system anomalies and chromosome abnormalities were the exclusion criteria Neonates were randomly assigned into two equal groups: (1) those treated with BLES (n = 64) and (2) those treated with beraksurf (n = 64). Complications including patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, mortality, and also, the number of days required for invasive mechanical ventilation (using ventilator) and non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were evaluated for all neonates. The risk ratio (RR) was calculated at 95% of confidence intervals (CI). Results Compared with BLES group, the RR estimate among neonates in beraksurf group was 0.89 (0.66–1.20) for PDA, 0.71 (0.23–2.13) for IVH, 0.44 (0.14–1.36) for sepsis, 0.35 (0.13–0.93) for pneumothorax, 0.33 (0.12–0.86) for pulmonary hemorrhage, and 0.55 (0.28–1.05) for mortality. Conclusions Despite advances in the use of exogenous surfactants for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome; There are still some controversial topics in this field. The results obtained in the present study showed that the two types of surfactant (BERAKSURF and BLES) have similar efficacy for the treatment and short-term outcomes in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, due to the cost-effectiveness of BRAKSURF compared to BLES, We recommend choosing BERAKSURF in terms of treatment.

Abstract G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120, Ffar4) is a sensor for long-chain fatty acids including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) known for beneficial effects on inflammation, metabolism, and mood. GPR120 mediates the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of n-3 PUFAs in peripheral tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of GPR120 stimulation on microglial reactivity, neuroinflammation and sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors by acute proinflammatory insults. We found GPR120 mRNA to be enriched in both murine and human microglia, and in situ hybridization revealed GPR120 expression in microglia of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in mice. In a manner similar to or exceeding n-3 PUFAs, GPR120 agonism (Compound A, CpdA) strongly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory marker expression in primary mouse microglia, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inhibited nuclear factor-ĸB translocation to the nucleus. Central administration of CpdA to adult mice blunted LPS-induced hypolocomotion and anxiety-like behavior and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IBA-1 (microglia marker) mRNA in the NAc, a brain region modulating anxiety and motivation and implicated in neuroinflammation-induced mood deficits. GPR120 agonist pre-treatment attenuated NAc microglia reactivity and alleviated sickness-like behaviors elicited by central injection TNF-α and IL-1β. These findings suggest that microglial GPR120 contributes to neuroimmune regulation and behavioral changes in response to acute infection and elevated brain cytokines. GPR120 may participate in the protective action of n-3 PUFAs at the neural and behavioral level and offers potential as treatment target for neuroinflammatory conditions.

Abstract Objective Currently, uteroplacental vascular disorders are considered one of the main mechanisms of spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD). Low-dose aspirin is used to prevent pre-eclampsia, which has a similar mechanism; hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of low-dose aspirin on the prevention of PTD in women with a history of spontaneous PTD. Methods The present pilot randomized clinical trial was conducted on 54 pregnant women in the aspirin group (taking 80 mg daily until the 36th week and classic treatment) and 53 patients in the control group (only receiving classic treatment). Results Forty-three patients (40%) presented before 37 weeks due to symptoms of PTL. Preterm delivery (< 37 weeks) occurred in 28 patients (26%), and there was no significant difference between the aspirin and control groups (10 patients [19%] and 18 patients [34%], respectively; p = 0.069). The time of preterm delivery was early (< 34 weeks) in 6 patients (21%), and its cause was spontaneous labor in 23 patients (82%) which was not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Out of 40 patients with spontaneous labor, 25 patients (63%) had a PTD, which was significantly lower in the aspirin group than in the control group (9 patients [45%] versus 16 patients [80%], respectively; p = 0.022). Conclusion The findings of the present study demonstrated that despite the reduction in the incidence of PTD using low-dose aspirin, the reduction rate was not statistically significant. On the other hand, in patients with spontaneous labor prone to PTD, aspirin was effective in reducing the incidence of PTD.