Search

Hydrological models are crucial for characterizing large-scale water quantity variations and correcting GNSS reference station vertical displacements. We evaluated the robustness of multiple models, such as the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), the Famine Early Warning System Network Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM). Inter-model and outer comparisons with Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinate time series, satellite gravity field Mascon solutions, and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) guide our assessment. Results confirm WGHM's 26% greater effectiveness in correcting nonlinear variations in GPS height time series compared to NCEP. In the Amazon River Basin, a 5-month lag between FLDAS, GLDAS, and satellite gravity results is observed. In eastern Asia and Australia, NCEP's Terrestrial Water Storage Changes (TWSC)-derived surface displacements correlate differently with precipitation compared to other models. Three combined hydrological models (H-VCE, H-EWM, and H-CVM) utilizing Variance Component Estimation (VCE), Entropy Weight Method (EWM), and Coefficient of Variation Method (CVM) are formulated. Correcting nonlinear variations with combined models enhances global GPS height scatter by 15%–17%. Correlation with precipitation increases by 25%–30%, and with satellite gravity, rises from 0.2 to 0.8 at maximum. The combined model eliminates time lag in the Amazon Basin TWSC analysis, exhibiting a four times higher signal-to-noise ratio than single models. H-VCE demonstrates the highest accuracy. In summary, the combined hydrological model minimizes discrepancies among individual models, significantly improving accuracy for monitoring large-scale TWSC.

Abstract Enantioselective synthesis governed by chiral catalysts has been extensively developed, but that without any chiral auxiliaries or chiral catalysts is rare, particularly when remote stereogenic centers are involved. Here we report an enantioselectivity of heterochiral coupling in the one-pot reaction of racemic hydrazides with achiral 1,4-bis(isothiocyanine)benzene, yielding preferentially the heterochiral bilateral azapeptides over the homochiral ones. Despite bearing two hydrogen-bonded β-turn structures that allow intramolecular chiral transfer, the bilateral azapeptide products have two chiral centers separated by 14 atoms or 15 bonds, which prevent the direct intramolecular asymmetric communication between the two chiral centers. Interestingly, the heterochiral azapeptides feature intermolecular hydrogen bonding stacking between homochiral β-turns to form a superstructure of alternative M- and P-helices in the crystals. In contrast, the homochiral azapeptide counterparts adopt a β-sheet-like structure, which is less favorable compared to the helical-like superstructure from heterochiral azapeptides, accounting for the favored heterochiral coupling of the one-pot reaction. This work demonstrates enantioselective synthesis involving distant chiral centers through the formation of biomimetic superstructures, opening up new possibilities for the regulation of enantioselectivity.

Abstract Studies on the piezoelectric materials capable of efficiently outputting high electrostrains at low electric fields are driven by the demand for precise actuation in a wide range of applications. Large electrostrains of piezoceramics in operation require high driving fields, which limits their practical application due to undesirable nonlinearities and high energy consumption. Herein, a strategy is developed to enhance the electrostrains of piezoceramics while maintaining low hysteresis by incorporating lead magnesium niobate relaxors into lead zirconate titanium at the morphotropic phase boundary. An ultrahigh inverse piezoelectric coefficient $${d}_{33}^{*}$$ d 33 * of 1380 pm/V with a reduced hysteresis of 11.5% is achieved under a low electric field of 1 kV/mm, outperforming the major lead-based piezoelectric materials. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and domain wall dynamics characterization with sub-microsecond temporal resolution reveal that the outstanding performances originate from facilitated domain wall movement, which in turn is due to reduced lattice distortion and miniaturized domain structures. These findings not only address the pending challenges of effective actuation under reduced driving conditions but also lay the foundation for a more systematic approach to exploring the origin of large electrostrains.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjl), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP-9.5) in the ectopic endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis (EMT) and their relationship with dysmenorrhea. Methods Ectopic endometrial tissues from 40 patients with ovarian EMT diagnosed by post-ope-rative gynecological pathological examination in our hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were selected as group A. In situ endo-metrial tissues from 20 of these patients were obtained as group B. Normal endometrial tissues from 20 patients with uterine fi-broids in the same period were collected as group C. Group A was divided into a dysmenorrhoea subgroup and a non-dysmenorrhoea subgroup according to the presence or absence of dysmenorrhoea, with 20 patients per subgroup. The expression levels of Ninj1, IL-1β, and PGP-9.5 in the endometrial tissues of groups A, B, and C were measured by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation was analyzed. The expression level of IL-1β in the peripheral blood of patiens in groups A and C was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The expression level of IL-1β in the peripheral blood of patients in group A was signifi-cantly higher than that in group C (t=-4.184,P

Abstract The main purpose of this article is to study the generalized Kudryashov’s equation with truncated M-fractional derivative, which is commonly used to describe the propagation of wide pulses in nonlinear optical fibers. By employing the complete discriminant system of fourth-order polynomials, various types of explicit solutions are systematically classified, which include periodic solutions, the trigonometric functions, the double-period solutions, and the elliptic function solutions. Additionally, a series of 2D, 3D, and contour plots are generated to visually depict the spatial distribution and evolution of various solutions. This not only advances the development of nonlinear equations in theory but also provides valuable guidance in practical applications.

Abstract Background Macrophage pyroptosis is a pivotal inflammatory mechanism in sepsis-induced lung injury, however, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately elucidated. Methods Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-stimulated macrophages and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse model for sepsis were established. The levels of key molecules were examined by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA assay. The subcellular localization of circMAPK1 was detected by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Cell viability, LDH release and caspase-1 activity were monitored by CCK-8, LDH assays, and flow cytometry. The bindings between KDM2B/H3K36me2 and WNK1 promoter was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and luciferase assay, and associations among circMAPK1, UPF1 and KDM2B mRNA were assessed by RNA pull-down or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The pathological injury of lung tissues was evaluated by lung wet/dry weight ratio and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results CircMAPK1 was elevated in patients with septic lung injury. Knockdown of circMAPK1 protected against LPS/ATP-impaired cell viability and macrophage pyroptosis via WNK1/NLRP3 axis. Mechanistically, loss of circMAPK1 enhanced the association between KDM2B and WNK1 promoter to promote the demethylation of WNK1 and increase its expression. CircMAPK1 facilitated KDM2B mRNA decay by recruiting UPF1. Functional experiments showed that silencing of KDM2B or WNK1 counteracted circMAPK1 knockdown-suppressed macrophage pyroptosis. In addition, silencing of circMAPK1 alleviated CLP-induced lung injury in mice via KDM2B/WNK1/NLRP3 axis. Conclusion CircMAPK1 exacerbates sepsis-induced lung injury by destabilizing KDM2B mRNA to suppress WNK1 expression, thus facilitating NLRP3-driven macrophage pyroptosis.

Abstract The main purpose of this article is to analyze the bifurcation, chaotic behaviors, and solitary wave solutions of the fractional Twin-Core couplers with Kerr law non-linearity by using the planar dynamical system method. This equation has profound physical significance and application value in the areas of optics and optical communication. Firstly, the traveling wave transformation is applied to convert the beta-derivative Twin-Core couplers with Kerr law non-linearity into the ordinary differential equations. Secondly, phase portraits and Poincaré sections of two-dimensional dynamical system and its perturbation system are plotted by using mathematical software. For different initial values, the planar phase diagram and three-dimensional phase diagram in red and blue are plotted, respectively. Finally, the solitary wave solutions of the fractional Twin-Core couplers with Kerr law non-linearity are obtained by using theory of planar dynamical system. In addition, three-dimensional graphs, two-dimensional graphs, and the contour graphs of the solitary wave solutions are drawn.

Abstract Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process that commonly arises following severe polytrauma, characterized by the anomalous differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells and resulting in the formation of ectopic bone in non-skeletal tissues. This abnormal bone growth contributes to pain and reduced mobility, especially when adjacent to a joint. Our prior observations suggested an essential role of NGF (Nerve Growth Factor)-responsive TrkA (Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase A)-expressing peripheral nerves in regulating abnormal osteochondral differentiation following tendon injury. Here, we utilized a recently developed mouse model of hip arthroplasty-induced HO to further validate the role of peripheral nerve regulation of traumatic HO. Nerve ingrowth was either modulated using a knockin transgenic animals with point mutation in TrkA, or local treatment with an FDA-approved formulation of long acting Bupivacaine which prevents peripheral nerve growth. Results demonstrate exuberant sensory and sympathetic nerve growth within the peri-articular HO site, and that both methods to reduce local innervation significantly reduced heterotopic bone formation. TrkA inhibition led to a 34% reduction in bone volume, while bupivacaine treatment resulted in a 50% decrease. Mechanistically, alterations in TGFβ and FGF signaling activation accompanied both methods of local denervation, and a shift in macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotypes was observed. In sum, these studies reinforce the observations that peripheral nerves play a role in the etiopathogenesis of HO, and that targeting local nerves represents a potential therapeutic approach for disease prevention.

This article studied the new traveling wave solutions of the cascaded model with higher-order dispersion effects combined with the effects of spatiotemporal dispersion and multiplicative white noise. In the process of exploring traveling wave solutions, a clever combination of the polynomial complete discriminant system was used to discover more forms of traveling wave solutions for this equation. In order to better observe and analyze the propagation characteristics of traveling wave solutions, we used Maple and Matlab software to provide two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization displays of the equation solutions. Meanwhile, we also analyzed the internal mechanism of nonlinear partial differential equations using planar dynamical systems. The research results indicated that there are differences in the results of different forms of soliton solutions affected by external random factors, which provided more beneficial references for people to better understand the cascaded model with higher-order dispersion effects combined with the effects of spatiotemporal dispersion and multiplicative white noise, and helped people to more comprehensively understand the propagation characteristics of optical solitons. The solution method in this article was also applicable to the study of other nonlinear partial differential equations.

Fine characterization of oil plane distribution in highly heterogeneous tight sandstone is a prerequisite for efficient reservoir development. This study systematically evaluated the distribution characteristics of tight oil in the Chang 7 Member of the Western Ordos Basin using a large number of experimental tests, logging interpretation, and 3D modelling methods. The logging interpretation models of shale content, porosity, permeability, and oil saturation were constructed, and the effective reservoir was identified by establishing the intersection identification pattern of reservoir acoustic wave time difference and deep lateral resistivity. The 3D numerical simulation results showed that the tight oil is distributed between injection and production wells. The areas with high tight oil content are mainly distributed along the WE direction, and a series of high remaining oil zones are formed locally. Under the influence of long-term injection and production, a high permeability zone will be formed between wells, which is similar to a high-speed channel and will be flooded quickly, and a banded remaining oil retention zone will be formed around it. For the horizontal well flooding area, the water flooding range of the water injection well is small, and a large amount of remaining oil is enriched between water injection wells. Finally, the classification standard of the remaining oil in the Chang 72 sub-member of the study area is proposed, and then, the strategy of adopting different development and adjustment schemes according to different types of reservoirs is formed.

Abstract This study aimed to develop and validate distinct nomogram models for assessing CVD risk in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes. In a cross-sectional study design, we examined data from 2294 prediabetes and 1037 diabetics who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted in the United States of America between 2007 and 2018. The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 0.75–0.25. The Boruta feature selection method was used in the training cohort to identify optimal predictors for CVD diagnosis. A web-based dynamic nomogram was developed using the selected features, which were validated in the validation cohort. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test was performed to assess the nomogram's stability and performance. Receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves were used to assess the effectiveness of the nomogram. The clinical applicability of the nomogram was evaluated using decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves. In the prediabetes cohort, the CVD risk prediction nomogram included nine risk factors: age, smoking status, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width, lactate dehydrogenase level, sleep disorder, and hypertension. In the diabetes cohort, the CVD risk prediction nomogram included eleven risk factors: age, material status, smoking status, systemic inflammatory response index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width, lactate dehydrogenase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sleep disorder, hypertension, and physical activity. The nomogram models developed in this study have good predictive and discriminant utility for predicting CVD risk in patients with prediabetes and diabetes.

It is of great interest to overcome the problem of high-temperature oxidation of press-hardened steels (PHS) in press hardening with a cost-effective Cr alloying strategy. Therefore, since Cr is one of the expensive metals, the effect of Cr (Cr ≤ 3 wt%) content on the oxidation resistance of Cr–Si–Mn alloyed steels was investigated. It was found that Cr–Si–Mn alloyed PHS with a Cr content of about 1.5 wt% or less cannot form a continuous Cr2O3 layer during press hardening. However, when the Cr content reaches around 2.5 wt%, the PHS shows excellent oxidation resistance due to the formation of continuous Cr2O3 and amorphous SiO2 layers, as well as an Mn-rich oxide layer. However, further addition of 0.5 wt% could not significantly improve the oxidation resistance of this PHS. Moreover, the increase in Cr content simultaneously enhances the positive role of Si and Mn in high-temperature oxidation resistance. This work provides new insights into the design of the next generation of PHSs with economical and superior performance.

Abstract A significant number of steep cracks are frequently encountered in underground engineering, posing a threat to operation. The high-pressure grouting method is a commonly utilized repair technique. Nevertheless, conventional grout is prone to displacement due to its weight, making it challenging to ensure adequate filling of the cracks. Therefore, this study aims to develop a grouting material with targeted displacement and anchoring properties. Firstly, an optimal magnetic slurry composition was determined through an orthogonal test. Subsequently, XRD and SEM were used to analyze the impact of the magnetic field on the composition distribution, internal pore structure, and transient viscosity of the slurry. Afterwards, a model for localized grout diffusion under magnetic was established. The results show that the application of a magnetic field caused the slurry to compact due to magnetic forces, reducing its porosity. Moreover, the dynamic viscosity of the slurry increased exponentially with rising magnetic induction intensity. Notably, a 40.5% increase in the diffusion area was observed when the magnetic field intensity rose from 2500 to 4500 GS. The error between the measured and theoretical values of the magnetic slurry diffusion model was only 8.91%, indicating the model's accuracy in describing the slurry diffusion process under magnetic field influence.

Due to the nonlocality of fractional derivatives, the numerical methods for solving nonlinear fractional Whitham–Broer–Kaup (WBK) equations are time-consuming and tedious. Therefore, it is a research hotspot to explore the numerical solution of fractional-order WBK equation. The main goal of this study is to provide an efficient method for the fractional-in-space coupled WBK equations on unbounded domain and discover some novel anomalous transmission behaviors. First, the numerical solution is compared with the exact solution to determine the validity of the proposed method on large time-spatial domain. Then, anomalous transmission of waves propagation of the fractional WBK equation is numerically simulated, and the influence of different fractional-order derivatives on wave propagation of the WBK equation is researched. Some novel anomalous transmission behaviors of wave propagation of the fractional WBK equation on unbounded domain are shown.

In this article, the dynamic behavior and solitary wave solutions of the Akbota equation were studied based on the analysis method of planar dynamic system. This method can not only analyze the dynamic behavior of a given equation, but also construct its solitary wave solution. Through traveling wave transformation, the Akbota equation can easily be transformed into an ordinary differential equation, and then into a two-dimensional dynamical system. By analyzing the two-dimensional dynamic system and its periodic disturbance system, planar phase portraits, three-dimensional phase portraits, Poincaré sections, and sensitivity analysis diagrams were drawn. Additionally, Lyapunov exponent portrait of a dynamical system with periodic disturbances was drawn using mathematical software. According to the maximum Lyapunov exponent portrait, it can be deduced whether the system is chaotic or stable. Solitary wave solutions of the Akbota equation are presented. Moreover, a visualization diagram and contour graphs of the solitary wave solutions are presented.

Objective: To assess the correlation between atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City. Methods: Daily data on atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City from 2018 to 2021 were collected. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation, and a distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the health effects and lag impacts of environmental factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex and age. Results: According to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10: J00-J99), a total of 221 913 cases were included, accounting for 21.3% of the total emergency department visits in Haikou City. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, the risk of emergency department visits increased by 1.029% (95% CI 1.016%-1.042%). Relative humidity greater than 80% reduced the risk of visits, while higher atmospheric pressure (>1 010 hpa) also decreased the likelihood of daily emergency department visits. Higher concentrations of PM25 (30-50 μg/m3), PM10 (>60 μg/m3), and O3 (75-125 μg/m3) were associated with increased visits. Higher temperatures (>25 °C) have a greater impact on females and children aged 0-14 years, while males are more sensitive to low atmospheric pressure. Individuals aged 65 and above exhibited increased sensitivity to O3 concentration, and the effects of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 are more pronounced in individuals over 14 years old. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to high temperatures, particulate matter pollutants (PM25 and PM10), and ozone (O3) is associated with increased emergency department visits for respiratory diseases.

Abstract Ground surface deformations can be observed during the coseismic and postseismic periods. The accurate determination of displacements is of paramount importance for the assessment of the destructive power of large earthquakes and the characterization of fault behaviors. Therefore, we employ the sub-daily Global Positioning System (GPS) solutions at 19 GPS stations to determine the coseismic and postseismic deformations of the 2010 moment magnitude (Mw) 8.8 Maule earthquake. Using sub-daily GPS data, we can accurately measure both coseismic and early postseismic deformation signals, which can precisely identify the distribution of coseismic slip and the spatiotemporal evolution of early afterslip within the first 36 h. In particular, the sub-daily solution can provide more accurate and quicker results, nearly 10% smaller than those with the daily solution. Furthermore, there is significant ground motion in the immediate postseismic period, which decreases rapidly thereafter. The largest postseismic deformation observed during the first 2 h occurred at station CONZ and amounted to 3.6 cm. During the immediate postseismic period of the 2010 Maule earthquake, afterslip is the dominant mechanism, while poroelasticity plays a negligible role within the first 36 h. Meanwhile, early aftershocks tend to occur in the boundary and the inner part of the afterslip, indicating that the afterslip has the potential to drive the occurrence of aftershocks in the initial stages of postseismic activity.

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations are associated with water mass movements, which may cause the deformation displacements of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. This study investigates the spatio-temporal TWS variations and addresses the relationship between deformation variations observed in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin (HHHRB) and local hydrological features. Results indicate that the vertical velocities at the GNSS stations induced by TWS changes are relatively small, and the impacts of the terrestrial water storage changes are mainly reflected in the changes of seasonal characteristics. Although there is a downward TWS trend from 2011 to 2022 in most HHHRB areas, velocities from the vertical displacements of both Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GFO) and the GNSS reflect that the HHHRB is undergoing an uplift process, while the magnitude of the GRACE/GFO derived velocities is much smaller than that of the GNSS solutions. Common hydrological deformations estimated from GRACE/GFO and GNSS measurements reveal that the TWS-derived displacements can explain 54.5% of the GNSS seasonal variations, with the phases of terrestrial water storage advancing by about one month relative to GNSS common signal phases. Moreover, the decrease of the groundwater storage in the HHHRB has been accelerating since 2008. After reaching its lowest level around mid-2020, it began to rise rapidly, which might be closely related to the implementation of the South-North Water Transfer Central Project.

Objective To compare the effects of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP)- and silane-based primers with those of MDP-based primers on zirconia-resin bonding via multiple levels of aging. Methods Zirconia blocks were divided into 4 groups (n = 21) according to the primer used: MDP-based Z-Prime Plus (ZP), silane-based Monobond-S (MS), MDP- and silane-based Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CCP) and no primer (Blank). After pretreatment with or without the primers followed by bonding with cement Duo-Link, each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 7) according to aging level: 24 hours of water storage at 37 ℃ (24 h), 30 days of water storage at 37 ℃(30 d), and 30 d plus 3 000 thermal cycles (30 d/TC). After aging, shear bond strength (SBS) tests and failure mode analyses were conducted. Results ZP, MS and CCP groups had greater SBSs than did the BLANK group (PPPvs. 24 h, PPP = 0.029) but lower than that of MS at 30 d/TC (P = 0.037). From 30 d to 30 d/TC, the percent decrease in the bonding strength of ZP was significantly greater than that of MS (82.43% vs. 64.90%). Conclusion MDP-based primers function better for zirconia-resin bonding when they contain silane coupling agents.

Abstract Personalized review generation is significant for e-commerce applications, such as providing explainable recommendation and assisting the composition of reviews. With the success of pre-trained language models (PLMs), prompt learning-based approaches have been employed to handle this task. However, the existing approach neglects the historical user-item interactions as well as the diverse semantics of the reviews (including semantically relevant reviews and semantically irrelevant reviews). In this paper, we propose GRAPA, a graph-enhanced prompt learning approach for personalized review generation. Specifically, GRAPA extracts topic-level information for each review to address the semantic diversity of reviews. Moreover, GRAPA employs a heterogeneous graph neural network (GNN) to explore the collaborative information hidden in historical user-item interactions. User and item representations generated by the GNN module as well as their ID embeddings are used as prompts and fed into a PLM to guide the generation process. To alleviate the interference of semantically irrelevant reviews, GRAPA further proposes a contrastive learning module to distinguish them. Experimental results on public datasets show that GRAPA outperforms existing methods by up to 4.3% in BLEU-4 and 5.4% in ROUGE2-F.

BackgroundSchizophrenia and the use of antipsychotic medications are identified to be the likely contributors to the development of metabolic syndrome （MS） and cardiovascular disease， and jeopardize the prognosis of schizophrenia. Therefore， effectively preventing or reducing the risk of developing MS in patients with schizophrenia is critical.ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of aripiprazole combined with olanzapine for male schizophrenia patients and its effect on MS， so as to provide a certain reference for the selection of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia patients.MethodsMale patients （n=80） who were hospitalized in The Third People's Hospital of Meizhou from February to June 2023 and fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria for the schizophrenia were enrolled， and grouped using random number table method， each with 40 cases. Study group was treated with aripiprazole combined with olanzapine， while control group was given aripiprazole monotherapy. The treatment lasted for 6 continuous weeks in both groups. At the baseline， Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） score， MS-related indices ［fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c）， body mass index （BMI）， waist-to-hip ratio （WHR）， lipid profile］， S100 calcium-binding protein B （S100B） and high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） were recorded. Then the PANSS scores at the end of the 2nd， 4th and 6th week of treatment， the Clinical Global Impression （CGI） scores at the end of the 2nd and 6th week of treatment， as well as the MS-related indices， S100B， hs-CRP， Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale （TESS） score and Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects （RSESE） score at the end of the 6th week of treatment were recorded in all participants.ResultsAnalysis on PANSS score revealed a significant group effect， time effect and group×time interaction effect （F=18.092， 634.780， 2.917， P

Abstract Despite a 15% misplacement rate of screws in idiopathic scoliosis surgery, little is known about the relationship between pedicles and nerve structures in the entire thoracic curve. This study aimed to explore the spinal cord’s proximity to the pedicle wall at each thoracic vertebra in the entire thoracic curve, while considering different anatomical changes. Spinal cord to medial pedicle distances were measured on magnetic resonance imaging in 73 patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation. Associations with different variables were examined. A total of 51 patients (69.9%) showed a distance within 2 mm at the apex vertebra on the concave side, more than 50% had a distance within 2 mm in the next thoracic vertebra level above and below, and more than 25% two levels above and below. Weak correlations were found between proximity of the spinal cord at the apex vertebra and vertebra’s level and Cobb angle on the concave side (r = − 0.310, P = 0.008, r = 0.380, P = 0.001, respectively). These results emphasize the importance of thorough assessment when placing thoracic pedicle screws in idiopathic scoliosis patients. Further research is warranted to develop surgical strategies aimed at preventing potentially neurological complications resulting from screw misplacement.

Abstract The regeneration of the mammalian skeleton’s craniofacial bones necessitates the action of intrinsic and extrinsic inductive factors from multiple cell types, which function hierarchically and temporally to control the differentiation of osteogenic progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics of developing mouse calvarial suture recently identified a suture mesenchymal progenitor population with previously unappreciated tendon- or ligament-associated gene expression profile. Here, we developed a Mohawk homeobox (Mkx CG ; R26R tdT ) reporter mouse and demonstrated that this reporter identifies an adult calvarial suture resident cell population that gives rise to calvarial osteoblasts and osteocytes during homeostatic conditions. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data reveal that Mkx + suture cells display a progenitor-like phenotype with expression of teno-ligamentous genes. Bone injury with Mkx + cell ablation showed delayed bone healing. Remarkably, Mkx gene played a critical role as an osteo-inhibitory factor in calvarial suture cells, as knockdown or knockout resulted in increased osteogenic differentiation. Localized deletion of Mkx in vivo also resulted in robustly increased calvarial defect repair. We further showed that mechanical stretch dynamically regulates Mkx expression, in turn regulating calvarial cell osteogenesis. Together, we define Mkx + cells within the suture mesenchyme as a progenitor population for adult craniofacial bone repair, and Mkx acts as a mechanoresponsive gene to prevent osteogenic differentiation within the stem cell niche.

Abstract This study aims to explore the precise resolution of the nonlinear Benjamin Bona Mahony Burgers (BBMB) equation, which finds application in a variety of nonlinear scientific disciplines including fluid dynamics, shock generation, wave transmission, and soliton theory. Within this paper, we employ two versatile methodologies, specifically the extended $$\exp (-\Psi (\chi ))$$ exp ( - Ψ ( χ ) ) expansion technique and the novel Kudryashov method, to identify the exact soliton solutions of the nonlinear BBMB equation. The solutions we discovered involve trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, and rational functions. The uniqueness of this research lies in uncovering the bright soliton, kink wave solution, and periodic wave solution, and conducting stability analysis. Furthermore, the solutions’ graphical characteristics were explored through the utilization of the mathematical software Maple 2022 ( https://maplesoft.com/downloads/selectplatform.aspx?hash=61ab59890f2313b2241fde3423fd975e ). The system’s physical interpretation is defined through various types of graphs, including contour graphs, 3D-surface graphs, and line graphs, which use appropriate parameter values. These recommended techniques hold significant importance and are applicable in diverse nonlinear evolutionary equations found in the field of nonlinear sciences for illustrating nonlinear physical models.

Abstract Background The gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating brain function through the microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA). Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with neurological impairment in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Our previous study found that TBI results in a decrease in the abundance of Prevotella copri (P. copri). P. copri has been shown to have antioxidant effects in various diseases. Meanwhile, guanosine (GUO) is a metabolite of intestinal microbiota that can alleviate oxidative stress after TBI by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of P. copri transplantation on TBI and its relationship with GUO-PI3K/Akt pathway. Methods In this study, a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to induce TBI in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Subsequently, P. copri was transplanted by intragastric gavage for 7 consecutive days. To investigate the effect of the GUO-PI3K/Akt pathway in P. copri transplantation therapy, guanosine (GUO) was administered 2 h after TBI for 7 consecutive days, and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) was administered 30 min before TBI. Various techniques were used to assess the effects of these interventions, including quantitative PCR, neurological behavior tests, metabolite analysis, ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, Evans blue assays, transmission electron microscopy, FITC-dextran permeability assay, gastrointestinal transit assessment, and 16 S rDNA sequencing. Results P. copri abundance was significantly reduced after TBI. P. copri transplantation alleviated motor and cognitive deficits tested by the NSS, Morris’s water maze and open field test. P. copri transplantation attenuated oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier damage and reduced neuronal apoptosis after TBI. In addition, P. copri transplantation resulted in the reshaping of the intestinal flora, improved gastrointestinal motility and intestinal permeability. Metabolomics and ELISA analysis revealed a significant increase in GUO levels in feces, serum and injured brain after P. copri transplantation. Furthermore, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt was found to be increased after P. copri transplantation and GUO treatment. Notably, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 treatment attenuated the observed improvements. Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time that P. copri transplantation can improve GI functions and alter gut microbiota dysbiosis after TBI. Additionally, P. copri transplantation can ameliorate neurological deficits, possibly via the GUO-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway after TBI.

In this research, a pesticide-fertilizer combination (PFC) was fabricated using chlorantraniliprole and biochar. The PFC had a spherical shape, smooth surface, uniform particles, relatively dense structure and good compression resistance. The adsorption propertie of biochar to chlorantraniliprole was investigated. During the preparation of pelleted granules, the types and concentrations of core fillers and adhesives were screened and optimized. Besides, the safety to maize and effectiveness against fall armyworms of PFC had been investigated. Meanwhile, The PFC could promoted growth of maize significantly and control fall armyworm effectively. This work provides a promising approach to slow the release of chlorantraniliprole, which has a potential application to enhance the pesticides efficiency.

ObjectiveTo estimate the contribution of direct-drinking water provided in school to dietary intake (DI) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium and magnesium, and to explore its influence on the height in school-age children.MethodsTap water and direct-drinking water samples were collected from schools in Taicang City to test the contents of calcium and magnesium, and compared by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test. Contribution rates of direct-drinking water to DI and RNI were calculated by using the contents of calcium and magnesium and data from the Nutrition and Health Status Survey 2021. A retrospective cohort was conducted among 4,850 first-grade children consuming direct-drinking water in Taicang City from 24 primary schools in 2019. Group 1 (1,070 boys and 946 girls) consumed UF-process water with normal calcium and magnesium contents and Group 2 (1,548 boys and 1,286 girls) consumed NF/RO-process water with very low calcium and magnesium contents. During 2019–2023, the height and height growth were analyzed with the Student’s t-test.ResultsThe highest calcium content was examined in tap water samples, followed by direct-drinking water samples supplied through a UF, NF, and RO system (F = 1,227.725, p 0.05).ConclusionDirect-drinking water processed through a NF or RO system should be cautiously adopted in primary and secondary schools. A UF system is preferred in schools where no health concerns are associated with water quality.

The emergence of metacommunity theory has provided a framework for studying the spatial structure of biological communities. To unravel the underlying driving mechanisms of macroinvertebrate metacommunity structure and diversity, this paper evaluates macroinvertebrate data from a water body in eastern China using variance decomposition and stratified partitioning. The results suggest that spatial processes dominate macroinvertebrate metacommunity structure, while the combined effects of spatial processes, aquatic environment, and geoclimatic factors also explain part of the macroinvertebrate community structure. Spatial processes, aquatic environment, and geoclimatic factors significantly influenced macroinvertebrate alpha diversity and indirectly influenced beta diversity through alpha diversity. Therefore, the significant effects of spatial processes and geoclimatic variables cannot be ignored in biological assessments, especially biodiversity assessments. Our findings elucidate the metacommunity dynamics in the region and provide crucial information for conservation planning in riverine ecosystems.

Background Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Its management in young people remains limited. Device‐based therapies, such as low‐level tragus stimulation (LL‐TS), a noninvasive method that reduces sympathetic activity, have recently been explored for resistant hypertension. Methods and Results This trial involved patients with Grade 1 hypertension with no other medical history. LL‐TS (20 Hz, 1 mA, 1 h/day) was applied for 3 months on the tragus (Intervention group [IG]) or earlobe (Control group [CG]). Blood pressure and outcomes were assessed at the first, second, and third months. Among 40 patients, 21 were in IG and 19 in CG. Baseline systolic blood pressure was similar between IG (142.62±8.18 mm Hg) and CG (143.00±8.61 mm Hg), P=0.89. Post‐LL‐TS, systolic blood pressure showed significant reductions in IG compared with CG at the first (IG: 134.47±5.95 mm Hg, CG: 141.28±6.78 mm Hg, P=0.002), second (IG: 132.50±7.51 mm Hg, CG: 140.62±7.15 mm Hg, P=0.001), and third months (IG: 128.81±7.13 mm Hg, CG: 136.51±7.96 mm Hg, P=0.003). diastolic blood pressure also differed significantly: first month (IG: 85.34±5.81 mm Hg, CG: 89.74±6.32 mm Hg, P=0.03), second month (IG: 82.12±5.22 mm Hg, CG: 88.57±7.11 mm Hg, P=0.002), and third month (IG: 80.71±5.96 mm Hg, CG: 87.55±5.26 mm Hg, P=0.001). Heart rate was unchanged (P>0.05). Only 0.01% of IG subjects reported site irritation, with no serious adverse events. Conclusions LL‐TS led to significant blood pressure reductions in young patients with essential hypertension. Further larger trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of LL‐TS. Registration URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000038448.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver (SFTL) is an exceptionally rare mesenchymal tumor, with only 117 cases reported in the literature. While most SFTs are benign, some exhibit malignant behavior, including local recurrence and metastasis. This report presents two cases of SFTL with systemic metastases, both involving prior intracranial tumors. The first case, a 52-year-old woman, discovered a liver mass incidentally during a routine physical exam. Subsequent investigations revealed potential bone metastasis, and biopsy confirmed SFT. She received two TACE procedures, anlotinib targeted therapy, and radiotherapy for the iliac bone lesion, resulting in stable disease with reduction in lesion size. The second case, a 46-year-old man, presented with multiple liver, pelvic, and lung lesions following pelvic tumor resection, with pathology confirming SFT. He was treated with long-term anlotinib therapy, CyberKnife for hepatic, lung, and pelvic lesions, and radiofrequency ablation for hepatic lesions. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no tumor progression on follow-up. SFTL presents with atypical clinical and imaging features, and diagnosis requires pathological and genetic confirmation. Radical resection is preferred for solitary tumors, while comprehensive treatment, including surgery and long-term follow-up, is essential for cases with recurrence or metastasis.

Cross-border electricity trade can promote the sustainable development of regional multi-country economies by alleviating the uneven distribution of global energy resources. Hence, designing a reasonable and effective mechanism contributes toward the development of cross-border electricity market. This study established a non-cooperative game model for cross-border electricity trading. Central to our approach is the analysis of multi-participants trading modes influenced by cross-border trading centers. The model distinctively incorporates trading rules and service fees, providing a realistic simulation framework. The results reveal a direct correlation between strategic scope and the dependency of trading strategies on electricity pricing set by trading centers. This research advances the theoretical understanding of game theory application in electricity markets and offers practical insights for policymakers and market operators, particularly in strategizing for price setting and managing cross-border transactions.

Abstract Background Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is a common and insidious postoperative complication. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and MINS in advanced-age patients. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective study including patients ≥ 65 years of age who underwent non-cardiac surgery. The relationship between TyG and MINS was investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis involved three models: Model I adjusted for preoperative factors, Model II adjusted for surgery-related factors, and Model III adjusted for both preoperative and surgery-related factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the confounding effects of covariates. Subgroup analyses were then performed to evaluate the relationship between TyG and MINS in various subsamples. Results A total of 7789 patients were studied, among whom 481 (6.2%) developed MINS. A cut-off value of TyG of 8.57 was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to be associated with the best predictive performance. Participants with TyG ≥ 8.57 were at a higher risk of developing MINS than those with TyG

Abstract Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR), an emerging sustainable energy technology to convert atmospheric CO2 into value‐added chemicals, has received extensive attention. However, the high thermodynamic stability of CO2 and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction lead to poor catalytic performances, hardly meeting industrial application demands. Due to abundant reserves and favorable CO selectivity, zinc (Zn)‐based catalysts have been considered one of the most prospective catalysts for CO2‐to‐CO conversion. A series of advanced zinc‐based electrocatalysts, including Zn nanosheets, Zn single atoms, defective ZnO, and metallic Zn alloys, have been widely reported for CO2RR. Despite significant progress, a comprehensive and fundamental summary is still lacking. Herein, this review provides a thorough discussion of effective modulation strategies such as morphology design, doping, defect, heterointerface, alloying, facet, and single‐atom, emphasizing how these methods can influence the electronic structure and adsorption properties of intermediates, as well as the catalytic activity of Zn‐based materials. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities of Zn‐based catalysts for CO2RR are also discussed. This review is expected to promote the broader application of efficient Zn‐based catalysts in electrocatalytic CO2RR, thus contributing to a future of sustainable energy.

Abstract This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the efficacy of five non-pharmacological interventions, including exercise intervention (EI), nutritional intervention (NI), respiratory intervention (RI), psychological intervention (PSI), and integrated physical intervention (IPI), on functional status, quality of life, muscle strength, pulmonary function, and safety in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We searched nine databases, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, WFPD, and CSTJ, for randomized controlled trials of ALS patients. The primary outcome was the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score. Secondary outcomes were the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (McGill-QoL), Medical Research Council (MRC)-sum score, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score. This NMA was conducted using random-effect models to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). All types of supplemental interventions had some benefit for patients with ALS. EI had a beneficial effect on the ALSFRS-R score (SMD: 1.01; 95% CI 0.50–1.51), FVC (SMD: 0.78; 95% CI 0.02–1.55), McGill-QoL (SMD: 0.71 95% CI 0.33–1.08), and MRC (SMD: 1.11; 95% CI 0.08–2.14). RI had a beneficial effect on the ALSFRS-R score (SMD: 0.83 95% CI 0.12–1.55). IPI had a beneficial effect on the ALSFRS-R score (SMD: 0.65 95% CI 0.06–1.24). NI had a beneficial effect on the McGill-QoL (SMD: 0.63 95% CI 0.02–1.23). The current study findings support a multimodal intervention strategy with an emphasis on EI for slowing disease progression in patients with ALS.

Abstract Background Although ultrasonography (US) has been widely used in the diagnosis of human diseases to monitor the progress of cystic echinococcosis (CE) control, the screening method for hepatic CE in sheep flocks requires adjustment. In this study, we used a US scanner to screen sheep flocks and evaluated the efficacy of dosing dogs once a year with praziquantel for 7 years from 2014 to 2021. Methods All sheep in the three flocks were screened using an ultrasound scanner in 2014 and compared with the prevalence of infection in 2021 in Bayinbuluke, Xinjiang, China. Sheep age was determined using incisor teeth. Cyst activity and calcification were determined using US images. The dogs were dewormed with praziquantel once a year to control echinococcosis in the community. Results Three flocks had 968 sheep in 2014, with 13.22%, 22.62%, 18.7%, 27.27%, 11.88%, and 6.3% of sheep aged 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and ≥ 6 years old, respectively. US scanning revealed that the overall CE prevalence was 38.43% (372/968), with active cysts and calcified cysts present in 9.40% (91/968) and 29.02% (281/968) of the sheep, respectively. For the young sheep aged 1 and 2 years, the prevalence of active and calcified cysts was: 1.56% and 0.91%, and 10.94% and 18.72%, respectively. Approximately 15.15% and 16.52% of the 4- and 5-year-old sheep, respectively, harbored active cysts. There was no significant difference in the infection rates of sheep between 2014 and 2021 (P > 0.05). Conclusions US is a practical tool for the field screening of CE in sheep flocks. One-third of the sheep population in the flocks was 1–2 years old, and these sheep played a very limited role in CE transmission, as most of the cysts were calcified. Old sheep, especially culled aged sheep, play a key role in the transmission of CE. Dosing dogs once a year did not affect echinococcosis control.

Abstract The “terminal hydroxyl group anchoring mechanism” has been studied on metal oxides (Al2O3, CeO2) as well as a variety of noble and transition metals (Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Co) in a number of generalized studies, but there is still a gap in how to regulate the content of terminal hydroxyl groups to influence the dispersion of the active species and thus to achieve optimal catalytic performance. Herein, we utilized AlOOH as a precursor for γ-Al2O3 and induced the transformation of the exposed crystal face of γ-Al2O3 from (110) to (100) by controlling the calcination temperature to generate more terminal hydroxyl groups to anchor Ag species. Experimental results combined with AIMD and DFT show that temperature can drive the atomic rearrangement on the (110) crystal face, thereby forming a structure similar to the atomic arrangement of the (100) crystal face. This resulted in the formation of more terminal hydroxyl groups during the high-temperature calcination of the support (Al-900), which can capture Ag species to form single-atom dispersions, and ultimately develop a stable and efficient single-atom Ag-based catalyst.

In wireless communication networks, mobile users in overlapping areas may experience severe interference, therefore, designing effective Interference Management (IM) methods is crucial to improving network performance. However, when managing multiple disturbances from the same source, it may not be feasible to use existing IM methods such as Interference Alignment (IA) and Interference Steering (IS) exclusively. It is because with IA, the aligned interference becomes indistinguishable at its desired Receiver (Rx) under the cost constraint of Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF), while with IS, more transmit power will be consumed in the direct and repeated application of IS to each interference. To remedy these deficiencies, Interference Alignment Steering (IAS) is proposed by incorporating IA and IS and exploiting their advantages in IM. With IAS, the interfering Transmitter (Tx) first aligns one interference incurred by the transmission of one data stream to a one-dimensional subspace orthogonal to the desired transmission at the interfered Rx, and then the remaining interferences are treated as a whole and steered to the same subspace as the aligned interference. Moreover, two improved versions of IAS, i.e., IAS with Full Adjustment at the Interfering Tx (IAS-FAIT) and Interference Steering and Alignment (ISA), are presented. The former considers the influence of IA on the interfering user-pair's performance. The orthogonality between the desired signals at the interfered Rx can be maintained by adjusting the spatial characteristics of all interferences and the aligned interference components, thus ensuring the Spectral Efficiency (SE) of the interfering communication pairs. Under ISA, the power cost for IS at the interfered Tx is minimized, hence improving SE performance of the interfered communication-pairs. Since the proposed methods are realized at the interfering and interfered Txs cooperatively, the expenses of IM are shared by both communication-pairs. Our in-depth simulation results show that joint use of IA and IS can effectively manage multiple disturbances from the same source and improve the system's SE.

In the field of optical communication, laser and its modulation bandwidth and modulation rate are very important for optical wireless communication. There are two main modulation modes for semiconductor laser signal: internal modulation and external modulation. These two modulation technologies have their own characteristics and are suitable for different fields of optical fiber communication. Internal modulation laser, also known as direct modulation laser, has become a cost-effective light source for the Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) fronthaul and data center because of its high-speed transmission and low cost. There is no additional Chirp of light source in external modulation laser, so the Composite Second Beat (CSB) distortion caused by fiber dispersion can be effectively overcomed. On the basis of reviewing the development history of communication laser and its modulation technology, this paper introduces the work and main progress made by Xi’an University of Technology in this field. This paper discusses the internal and external factors of nonlinear distortion of semiconductor laser, simulates the effects of various parameters of response characteristics, linearization compensation method and power control system on the output light source of light emitting device, and analyzes the influence of temperature fluctuation on the output power of laser and modulation device. Based on the basic theory of refractive index ellipsoid and numerical analysis, the variation trend of emitted light intensity with temperature is discussed under the longitudinal and transverse modulation, respectively. The results show that the variation trend of outgoing light intensity with temperature under longitudinal modulation is only related to the refractive index of Lithium Niobate (LN) crystal. Under transverse modulation, the variation trend of outgoing light intensity with temperature is affected not only by the refractive index of the crystal, but also by the crystal size and its expansion coefficient. Therefore, the special size crystal can be used to improve the temperature stability of the electro-optic modulator.

【Objective】Deformable Mirror(DM) is a key device in adaptive optics system for wavefront correction, and its performance directly determines the wavefront correction capability of the system. By studying DM and their control algorithm, the wavefront correction capability of adaptive optics system can be continuously improved. On one hand, the accuracy and response speed of DM can be enhanced to better correct various complex wavefront distortions. On the other hand, the control algorithm can be improved to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the correction. These studies will directly affect the imaging quality and performance of adaptive optics system. Therefore, investigating the DM and their control algorithm is of great significance for improving the wavefront correction capability, expanding application fields, and enhancing imaging quality and performance of adaptive optics system.【Methods】The article aims to summarize the research progress on DM and their control algorithm both domestically and internationally, as well as analyze the correction accuracy of different control algorithm for wavefront distortion, establishing the groundwork for the advancement of adaptive optics. Firstly, several typical DMs are used as examples to model the DM and provide detailed introductions to the structures and working principles of separate actuator DM, splicer DM, thin film DM, dual piezoelectric DM, Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) DM and voice coil DM. Then, several control algorithms such as the Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) hysteresis model-based control algorithm, decoupled control algorithm, and sparse sampling control algorithm are analyzed.【Results】Summarized the work done by Xi'an Technological University in this field, and finally pointed out the future technological breakthroughs and improvement directions in this field.【Conclusion】The research progress on DM and their control algorithm lays the foundation for the development of adaptive optics, enabling its application in more fields and further improving the performance of adaptive optics system. This will help improve imaging quality and drive the development of adaptive optics technology.

Abstract Network resilience refers to a system’s capability to adapt its functions to ensure continuity of essential operations amidst external environmental shifts or internal failures. The resilience of the world trade network faces structural disturbances, such as dynamic changes in the internal and external environments, increasing trade barriers and changes in competition between countries, which is an issue worth exploring. In this study, we introduce a world trade competition network that reflects export competition between two countries. We employ a network dynamics model to assess the resilience of this global trade competition network, focusing on the influence of topological disturbances. The eight distinct types of topological perturbations analyzed include nodes representing countries, links symbolizing inter-country competition, and weights indicative of the intensity of this competition. Our findings reveal that the intensity of export competition between countries significantly influences the resilience of the global trade competition network. Specifically, experimental outcomes indicate that network resilience declines more rapidly when nodes are removed sequentially based on higher weighted degrees than when based on lower ones. Similarly, in link perturbation scenarios, removing links associated with higher competition intensity first leads to a more precipitous decrease in network resilience when the network is otherwise stable. Furthermore, in weight alteration scenarios, networks maintaining a higher ratio of high-intensity competition links demonstrate greater stability compared to those with a reduced proportion of such links. Consequently, sustaining a robust level of export competition between countries is crucial for preserving the stability of the network.

Background Opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) can be used as a primary prevention of ovarian cancer (OC) , but OS may cause impairment of ovarian function due to the homologous blood supply system shared by ovaries and fallopian tubes, thereby increasing the risk of ovarian aging and early menopause. Objective To evaluate the short-term effects of OS on ovarian reserve based on GRADE evidence grading system. Methods In September 2022, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for literature assessing the short-term effects of OS on ovarian reserve from inception to 10 September 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted the data. The Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of literature, Stata 17.0 software was used for data processing and meta-analysis, and GRADEpro 3.2 software was used to assess the evidence quality for the results of meta-analysis. Results A total of 9 randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included, involving 482 patients, including 238 cases in the OS group and 244 in the non-OS group. The results of the Jadad risk assessment scale showed that the included RCTs were all of high quality literature. The results of meta-analysis showed that the differences in changes of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) (WMD=-0.07, 95%CI=-0.28-0.13, P=0.13) , follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (WMD=-0.03, 95%CI=-1.65-1.59, P=0.24) , luteinizing hormone (LH) (WMD=-0.39, 95%CI=-1.62-0.83, P=0.08) and estradiol (E2) (WMD=3.08, 95%CI=-4.26-10.43, P=0.35) before and after surgery between the OS and non-OS groups were not significant (P>0.05) . The results of the meta-analysis by GRADEpro software showed high quality evidence for AMH, moderate quality evidence for FSH, and low quality evidence for E2 and LH. Conclusion There is no significant difference in ovarian reserve indicators between the non-menopausal women who receive OS for benign disease in the short term and those who did not receive OS. It is reasonable for premenopausal women who have completed childbearing to prevent OC by OS, but this conclusion remains to be validated by a longer follow-up and more rigorous RCTs with a larger sample size.

Abstract Motivation The prediction of cancer drug response is a challenging subject in modern personalized cancer therapy due to the uncertainty of drug efficacy and the heterogeneity of patients. It has been shown that the characteristics of the drug itself and the genomic characteristics of the patient can greatly influence the results of cancer drug response. Therefore, accurate, efficient, and comprehensive methods for drug feature extraction and genomics integration are crucial to improve the prediction accuracy. Results Accurate prediction of cancer drug response is vital for guiding the design of anticancer drugs. In this study, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model named DeepAEG which is based on a complete-graph update mode to predict IC50. Specifically, we integrate an edge update mechanism on the basis of a hybrid graph convolutional network to comprehensively learn the potential high-dimensional representation of topological structures in drugs, including atomic characteristics and chemical bond information. Additionally, we present a novel approach for enhancing simplified molecular input line entry specification data by employing sequence recombination to eliminate the defect of single sequence representation of drug molecules. Our extensive experiments show that DeepAEG outperforms other existing methods across multiple evaluation parameters in multiple test sets. Furthermore, we identify several potential anticancer agents, including bortezomib, which has proven to be an effective clinical treatment option. Our results highlight the potential value of DeepAEG in guiding the design of specific cancer treatment regimens.

In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established to detect beef and lamb components, and its performance was tested. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was adopted and determined a coating concentration of capture antibody 3G5 of 1:4 000, a working concentration of enzyme-labeled antibody 2E7-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) of 1:1 000, a sample incubation time of 60 min and a detection antibody reaction time of 60 min. The specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and stability of this assay were determined. The limit of detection for beef and lamb skeletal muscle troponin I was 45 mg/kg, the inter-assay and intra-assay recovery rates ranged from 80.4% to 115.7%, the coefficients of variation were below 13.6%, and the cross reaction rates of the tissue components of chicken, duck and fish were below 13.4%. The sandwich ELISA method established in this study is stable and has high accuracy. The test results were consistent with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method at 50 and 100 g/kg. Therefore, this ELISA method can be used to quantitatively detect beef and lamb components in meat products.

Coastal wetlands, vital hubs of economic activities, are under significant pressure, leading to the establishment of protected areas as a crucial conservation tool. Yet, uncertainties remain regarding the long-term effectiveness of these areas, especially in megacity cores subject to intense human disturbances. This study utilized long-term Landsat satellites monitoring to track the annual impact of protected areas on coastal wetland variations in the Guangzhou-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area from 1990 to 2020. Using annual classification datasets featuring 8 land cover/land use types with an average overall accuracy of 94.0±0.4 %, the research identified a significant increase in wetland areas before 2002, followed by a slight decline due to the exploitation of aquaculture and water bodies. Protected areas established for over seven years demonstrated a significantly positive impact on wetland restoration, underscoring the value of long-term conservation efforts. While mangrove protected areas showed strong recovery trends, other wetlands in developing regions continued to decline despite protection. This analysis indicated that the overall benefits of protected areas diminished when considering broader spatial contexts. These insights emphasized the need for adaptive management strategies to enhance the effectiveness of protected areas in urban environment.

The traditional one-dimensional (1D) model often fails to accurately predict the dynamic pressure response of large offline air pockets during transients, due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of transient interaction with offline air pockets. This study investigated dynamic behavior and energy dissipation of offline air pockets through experiments and numerical models. Experimental pressure responses were predicted using a 1D-3D coupling model, which presented superior performance compared to traditional 1D model. The 1D-3D coupling model was further utilized to investigate the air-water interface, internal energy and turbulence distribution of offline air pockets. The results reveal that the stability of the air-water interface depends on the decelerating distance of the jet in offline tube, explaining the instability phenomenon with lower water levels observed in experimental snapshots. The internal energy pattern suggests different energy dissipation mechanisms compared to the inline air pockets. The distribution of turbulence intensity and effective thermal conductivity indicates significant additional energy dissipation at the inlet and outlet of offline neck. By incorporating a minor head loss term for offline neck into traditional 1D model, the pressure response aligns well with the results obtained from 1D-3D coupling model under different flow rates and air volumes.

With the vigorous construction of an intelligent pipe network, an automatic flowmeter was the key to realize online flow measurement of oil and gas. Ensuring the accuracy of flow measurement was very important to achieve real-time feedback on oil–gas production status for adjusting the oil recovery technology. However, due to the changing flow state of the oil–gas in the pipe and the error of the flow-meter itself, there were some errors during flow measurement. Therefore, based on the machine learning method, this paper corrected the errors caused by the pulsating flow and the flowmeter itself in data drift. The results showed that the toy–LSTM model can measure the pulsating flow accurately. When the number of toy–LSTM model neurons was ranged between 10 and 50, both RMSE and R2 showed good performance. The average of multiple predicted results presented higher accuracy than that of single predicted results, and furthermore, the drop rate can significantly increase the robustness of the toy–LSTM model. It should be noted that the optimal case proposed in this paper was based on a specific condition in the field. In the actual application, it was necessary to comprehensively consider the number of branch pipes, the change in oil well production, the characteristics of the oil–gas–water mixture, and other factors to determine the specific values of the number of neurons, the drop rate, and other parameters. Aiming at the distortion caused by the data drift of the flowmeter itself, the program was designed and data were collected from the software platform, information collector, and base station. The data acquisition of temperature–pressure integrated sensor and flowmeter was carried out in the field. In 20 groups of experiments, the online corrected program based on the Mexican Hat wavelet transform can realize accurate identification and automatic corrected responses, and the corrected time was within 5 min.

Soil temperature is one of the important environmental factors for the underground parts of plants. It is important to detect soil temperature in agricultural production. Acoustic waves serve as effective carriers of soil information, providing a reliable means to detect soil physical properties. In order to detect the temperature of sandy loam soil based on acoustic technology, this study extends the application of Wyllie model to the temperature measurement of sandy loam soil. The relationship between soil temperature and acoustic velocity is explored. A model of soil moisture content-soil temperature-acoustic velocity (MTV) for temperature measurement in sandy loam soil is proposed by extending the temperature–velocity of sound relationship with the introduction of a variable empirical coefficient related to soil moisture β(θ). In order to determine the parameters of proposed model, a pulsed acoustic velocity detection system was built in this paper. The influence of temperature on the acoustic velocity in sandy loam soil was analyzed through experiments. Based on the experimental results, the key parameters of the MTV model are refined. Finally, a validation experiment was carried out on sandy loam soil. The maximum estimation error of soil temperature based on the MTV model for sandy loam soil temperature estimation is 8.55 %. The results indicate that the MTV model proposed in this study can be used for temperature estimation in sandy loam soil, providing a theoretical basis for the development of acoustic soil physical information detection sensors.

Background: The role of Mast cells has not been thoroughly explored in the context of prostate cancer's (PCA) unpredictable prognosis and mixed immunotherapy outcomes. Our research aims to employs a comprehensive computational methodology to evaluate Mast cell marker gene signatures (MCMGS) derived from a global cohort of 1091 PCA patients. This approach is designed to identify a robust biomarker to assist in prognosis and predicting responses to immunotherapy. Methods: This study initially identified mast cell-associated biomarkers from prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) patients across six international cohorts. We employed a variety of machine learning techniques, including Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Lasso regression, and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, to develop an effective MCMGS from candidate genes. Subsequently, an immunological assessment of MCMGS was conducted to provide new insights into the evaluation of immunotherapy responses and prognostic assessments. Additionally, we utilized Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and pathway analysis to explore the biological pathways and mechanisms associated with MCMGS. Results: MCMGS incorporated 13 marker genes and was successful in segregating patients into distinct high- and low-risk categories. Prognostic efficacy was confirmed by survival analysis incorporating MCMGS scores, alongside clinical parameters such as age, T stage, and Gleason scores. High MCMGS scores were correlated with upregulated pathways in fatty acid metabolism and β-alanine metabolism, while low scores correlated with DNA repair mechanisms, homologous recombination, and cell cycle progression. Patients classified as low-risk displayed increased sensitivity to drugs, indicating the utility of MCMGS in forecasting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusion: The combination of MCMGS with a robust machine learning methodology demonstrates considerable promise in guiding personalized risk stratification and informing therapeutic decisions for patients with PCA.