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Microstructure and magnetic properties were studied for the commercial Sm(CoFeCuZr)z magnets before and after post annealing treatment. The results show that the phases composition and orientation of the magnet do not change after post annealing treatment, but the substantial redistribution of Cu element within multiscale (the microscale crystal grain and the nanoscale cellular structure) had been observed simultaneously. In detail, as the Cu redistribution, the thickness of the Cu-rich Sm(Co,Cu)5 cell boundary becomes thinner, and the Cu concentration in the boundary increases sharply. The pinning field of domain walls and corresponding coercivity increases remarkably with slight remanence and maximum energy product loss, and the overall magnetic performance of (BH)max (MGOe)+Hcj (kOe) increases by 54.3% as a result. Moreover, the thermal stability of the magnet improves as well. On the other hand, Cu-lean phenomenon was observed along the grain boundary region, triggering to magnetic domain reversal process and slightly undermining the squareness of the demagnetization curve of the magnet.

The evolution of the microstructure, microchemistry and magnetic properties of the Sm(CobalFe0.28CuyZrx)7.6 magnets with different Zr and Cu contents was investigated. It is found that the coercivity of the Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z magnets is sensitive to Zr content. The deficiency of Zr content causes heterogeneity of Cu and Fe distributions, while an excessive Zr content leads to the formation of a SmCoZr impurity phase. The cellular structure and distribution of Cu concentration gradient between the cell boundary phase and cell phase are destroyed by inappropriate Zr content, which results in a reduction of coercivity. The Cu concentration difference between the cell boundary phase and cell phase increases with increasing Cu content. The coercivity of the Sm(CobalFe0.28CuyZr0.02)7.6 magnets increases from 10.4 to 25.4 kOe for y = 0.05 and y = 0.07. However, the excess of Cu element destroys the cell boundary phase and enlarges the cell size, resulting in a significant decrease of squareness and energy density. The optimum performance (remanence of 11.4 kG, coercivity of 25.4 kOe, maximum magnetic energy product of 30.4 MGOe) was obtained for the Sm(Co0.63Fe0.28Cu0.07Zr0.02)7.6 magnet.

The effect of doping Cu on the mechanical properties and magnetic properties of Sm(Co0.71Fe0.15Cu0.07Zr0.03)7.6 magnets was studied systematically. The results show that the Cu-lean grain boundaries and bending strength of the magnet can be improved by increasing of doping Cu content. The optimal magnetic properties of magnet with 1.0 wt% Cu doping are $B_{\mathrm {r}} =9.9$ kG, $H_{\mathrm {cj}} =23.0$ kOe, and ( BH ) $_{\mathrm {max}} = 22.2$ MGOe. With the doping content of Cu powders, the bending strength first reaches a peak value of 143.0 MPa at 1.0 wt% and then drops. The bending strength of the magnet with 1.0 wt% Cu doping is about 51.8% higher than that of the magnet with 0 wt% Cu doping. The coercivity and bending strength of the magnet are improved.

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb is a highly invasive weed commonly found in rice fields in China. In May 2021, leaf yellowing was observed on this weed (about 10 ha) in Zhanjiang (21°19'N, 110°20'E), Guangdong Province, China. Disease incidence was approximately 20% (n = 100 investigated plants). Ten yellow leaves from 10 plants were sampled, surface-sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s, followed by 2% NaClO for 5 min. The leaves were rinsed three times in sterile distilled water and four sections of each leaf were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Pure cultures were obtained by transferring hyphal tips to new PDA plates. Twenty-two isolates of Fusarium ssp. (69% of the isolates) were obtained from 55% of the leaf samples. Three representative single-spore isolates (APF-1, APF-2, and APF-3) were used for further study. Colonies were white to pink on PDA. Conidiogenous cells were monophialidic or polyphialidic. Macroconidia were slightly curved, tapering apically with three to five septa, and measured from 32.5-55.8 μm × 2.5-5.1 μm in size (n=50). The morphological features of these fungi were noted to be in line with those of Fusarium proliferatum (Leslie and Summerell, 2006). For molecular identification, a colony PCR method (Lu et al. 2012) was used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and portions of elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes using primers ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, RPB1-R8/RPB1-F5, and RPB2-7CF/fRPB2-11aR, respectively (O'Donnell et al. 1998; O'Donnell et al. 2010). The sequences were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers MZ026797-MZ026799 (ITS) and MZ032209-MZ032217 (RPB1, RPB2, EF1-α). The sequences of the three isolates were 100% identical (ITS, 537/537 bp; RPB1, 1606/1606 bp; RPB2, 770/770 bp and EF1-α, 683/683 bp) with those of F. proliferatum (accession nos. MT378328, MN193921, MH582196, and MH582344) through BLAST analysis. Analysis of the sequences revealed a 99.87 - 100% identity with the isolates of the F. proliferatum (F. fujikuroi species complex, Asian clade) by polyphasic identification using the FUSARIUM-ID database (Yilmaz et al. 2021). The sequences were also concatenated for phylogenetic analysis by the maximum likelihood method. The isolates clustered with F. proliferatum. Pathogenicity was tested through in vivo experiments. The inoculated and control plants (n = 5, 30 days old) were sprayed with a spore suspension (1 × 105 per mL) of the three isolates individually and sterile distilled water, respectively, until run-off (Feng and Li. 2019). The test was performed three times. The plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse at 25 °C to 28 °C, with relative humidity of approximately 80%. Yellowing was observed on the inoculated plants after 7 days, while the control plants remained healthy. The pathogen re-isolated from all the inoculated plants was identical to the inoculated isolates in terms of morphology and ITS sequences. No fungi were isolated from the control plants. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report F. proliferatum causing yellow symptoms on A. philoxeroides. The fungus has some potential biological control properties, but its host range needs to be further determined.

患儿 男，6岁4月龄，因“右下肢跛行5年”于2018年2月就诊于郑州大学附属儿童医院康复医学科。主要临床表现为双下肢无力，右侧显著。腓肠肌肌张力增高，跟腱反射未引出，胸部CT平扫示胸椎侧弯畸形，肌电图示双下肢及右上肢被检神经及肌肉呈神经源性损伤。基因检测示IGHMBP2基因存在c.1202AG（p.His401Arg）与c.1693GA（p.Asp565Asn）2个杂合错义变异，属于复合杂合变异。诊断为腓骨肌萎缩症2S型。.

患儿 男，12岁，因“四肢关节活动受限”于2020年7月就诊于郑州大学附属儿童医院神经遗传代谢病专病门诊。主要表现为双腿屈膝，双手指屈曲。双侧肘膝关节、指（趾）间关节伸展、屈曲受限，以伸展受限为主。肌力正常，双下肢肌肉僵硬，双侧跟膝腱反射对称引出。基因检测结果示患儿PIEZO2基因存在杂合缺失c.8181_8183del，p.Glu2727del，父母及其妹妹均为野生型。PIEZO2基因变异所致远端关节挛缩5型临床罕见，为常染色体显性遗传。.

Osmanthus fragrans Lin. is widely cultivated in China. Its flower is precious spices. It is also a garden ornamental plant. In March 2021, anthracnose-type lesions were observed on the leaves of O. fragrans in a public garden in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China (21˚17'47''N, 110˚18'58''E). Disease incidence was around 50% (n = 100 investigated plants from about 30 hectares). The early symptoms were yellow spots on the edge or tip of the leaves. The spots gradually expanded and became dark brown, eventually coalescing into large irregular or circular lesions. Ten symptomatic leaves from 10 plants were sampled. The margins of the samples were cut into 2 mm × 2 mm pieces. The surfaces were disinfected with 75% ethanol for 30 sec and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 60 sec . Thereafter, the samples were rinsed thrice in sterile water, placed on PDA, and incubated at 28 ℃. Pure cultures were obtained by transferring hyphal tips to new PDA plates. Thirty-two isolates of Colletotrichum ssp. were obtained (isolation frequency = 32/4×10 = 80%). Three representative single-spore isolates (OFC-1, OFC-2, and OFC-3) were used for further study. Colonies on PDA were white to gray with cottony mycelia in 6 days at 28 ℃. Conidia were one-celled, hyaline, cylindrical, clavate, and obtuse at both ends; they measured 10.5 to 17.5 µm × 3.5 to 5.0 µm (n = 50). Appressoria were oval to irregular in shape and dark brown in color, and they measured 6.5 to 8.5 µm × 4.5 to 7.5 µm (n = 20). Morphological characteristics matched the description of Colletotrichum siamense (Prihastuti et al. 2009; Sharma et al. 2013). For molecular identification, the colony PCR method (Lu et al., 2012) was used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase (CHS-1), and actin (ACT) loci of the isolates using primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, GDF1/GDR1, CHS-79F/CHS-354R, and ACT-512F/ACT-783R, respectively (Weir et al. 2012). Sequences of them deposited in GenBank under nos. MZ047368-MZ047370 (ITS), MZ126925-MZ126927 (GAPDH), MZ126895-MZ126897 (CHS-1), and MZ126835-MZ126837 (ACT). A phylogenetic tree was generated on the basis of the concatenated data from sequences of ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, and ACT that clustered the isolates with C. siamense (the type strain MFLU 090230), while distanced the isolates with C. gloeosporioides (the type strain CBS 112999). The pathogenicity was tested through in vivo experiments. In group 1, the inoculation and control plants (n = 5, 3-month-old) were sprayed with a spore suspension (1 × 105 per mL) of the isolates and sterile distilled water, respectively, until run-off. In group 2, the unwounded leaflets were inoculated with mycelial plugs of the isolates or agar plugs (as control). Three plugs were for each leaflet ( n = 5). The plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse at 25°C to 28°C, with relative humidities approximately 80%. Anthracnose lesions were observed on the inoculated leaves after 10 days while the control plants remained healthy. The pathogen re-isolated from all the inoculated leaves was identical to the inoculation isolates in terms of morphology and just ITS analysis, but unsuccessful from the control plants. C. gloeosporioides has been reported to cause leaf spot on O. fragrans in Jiangxi Province of China (Tanget al., 2018), but not by C. siamense. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report C. siamense causing anthracnose on O. fragrans. Thus, this work provides a foundation for controlling anthracnose in O. fragrans in the future.

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) oil is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, lubricants, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and is grown in more than 40 countries with India and China leading in oil production(Tunaru et al. 2012). In June 2021, a seedling rot disease was observed on castor cv. Zibi-5 in a plant nursery in Zhanjiang (21°17' N, 110°18' E), China. Initial symptoms on leaves and stems were water-soaked and dark green lesions that resulted in rapid rotting. Disease incidence was 25% and resulted in seedling death. White fungal mycelia developed on the rotting plant tissues. Leaves and stems were collected from 10 diseased plants, surface disinfected in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and 75% ethyl alcohol, and tissue pieces placed in plates of potato dextrose agar (PDA) which were maintained at 28℃. Hyphal tips from fungal mycelia that developed in the PDA plates were selected to establish pure cultures and three representative fungal isolates, designated RCC-1, RCC-2, and RCC-3, were selected for further study. The fungal isolates produced sporangiophores that were smooth, hyaline, aseptate, and apically swollen. Sporangiophores bore monosporous sporangiola that were broadly ellipsoidal, longitudinally coarsely striate, brown to dark brown, and measured 6.2 to 14.8 x 10.5 to 26.5 um (n=30). Sporangia contained few to many spores that were spherical, brown, and measured 59 to 150 um in diameter (n=20). Sporangiospores were ellipsoid, striate, and brown with multiple hyaline polar appendages and measured 6.6 to 12.3 x 10.6 to 25.5 um (n=30) in size. Based on these morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk.Ravenel) Thaxt. (Kirk, 1984). Molecular identification was done using the colony PCR method with MightyAmp DNA Polymerase (Takara-Bio, Dalian, China) (Lu et al. 2012) used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (LSU) with ITS1/ITS4 and NL1/LR3 (Walther et al. 2013). The amplicons were sequenced and the sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ITS, OL376748-OL376750, and LSU, OL763430-OL763432. BLAST analysis of these sequences revealed a 100% to 99% identity with the sequences (ITS, MG650194; 573/573, 573/573, and 573/573; LSU, AF157181; 673/676, 673/676, and 673/676) of C. cucurbitarum in GenBank. Pathogenicity tests, to fulfill Koch's postulates, were performed in a greenhouse with a temperature range of 24℃ to 30℃ and 80% relative humidity. Thirty-day-old cv. Zibi-5 castor plants were grown in pots and used for inoculation tests. Ten plants were inoculated by placing agar plugs with mycelia of fungal isolate RCC-1 on leaves or stems. Ten control plants were inoculated with agar plugs only and the test was repeated three times in total. Five days after inoculation, all plants, with either leaf or stem inoculations, became infected and began rotting. Symptom progression was consistent with that observed in the nursery and all control plants remained healthy. C. cucurbitarum was successfully reisolated from all inoculated plants and identified by morphological characteristics and by sequence analysis. This fungus is known to cause serious damage on a wide range of hosts (Liu et al. 2019) and previously was reported on castor in India (Shaw 1984) and Papua New Guinea (Peregrin and Ahmad 1982). We observed that the pathogen grows very rapidly and causes serious damage to castor seedlings, warranting further investigation on the epidemiology and control of this disease.

The correlation between microstructure and magnetic properties of 2:17 SmCo commercial magnets 32 H and 32 L is studied. The 32 H magnet with high coercivity has an excellent ( $00l$ ) orientation texture, and its magnetic properties are (BH) $_{\mathrm {max}}= 29.47$ MGOe, $B_{\mathrm {r}} = 11.20$ kG, and $H_{\mathrm {cj}} = 29.45$ kOe. The magnetic properties of the 32 L magnet with low coercivity are (BH) $_{\mathrm {max}}= 29.28$ MGOe, $B_{\mathrm {r}} = 11.40$ kG, and $H_{\mathrm {cj}} = 9.829$ kOe. The electron probe microanalysis results show that a Cu-lean grain boundary region is obvious in the 32 H magnet, which affects the squareness of the demagnetization curve. The transmission electron microscope result shows that the cell size and cell boundary thickness of high and low coercivity magnets are 129.32 and 9.83, and 90.94 and 7.87 nm, respectively. But the cell structure of the 32 H magnet is more complete and clearer than that of the 32 L magnet. The difference of the Cu concentration between the cell boundary phase and cell phase in the 32 H magnet is bigger than that of the 32 L magnet, which is really responsible for the high coercivity.

患儿 男，1岁，因“大运动发育落后、不会坐”于2019年12月就诊于郑州大学附属儿童医院，主要表现为巨颅畸形、全面发育迟缓，影像学可见多小脑回畸形、脑室扩大。基因测序示患儿CCND2基因第5外显子存在c.820GT， p.E274*杂合无义变异，诊断为巨脑症-多小脑回-多指（趾）畸形-脑积水综合征3型，扩大了CCND2基因变异谱。.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC) is the second most common primary liver cancer. The incidence of ICC has been significantly increased globally in recent years. The concealed onset of ICC usually results in late disease diagnosis. Liver resection is currently the only well-established treatment for ICC that may cure the disease, however, long-term survival rate is still unsatisfied due to the low resection rate and high recurrence rate. Local therapy combined with systemic chemotherapy is the main treatment for advanced or unresectable ICC, but the outcomes are still poor. With the in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of ICC and development of next-generation sequencing technology, multiple abnormal signaling pathways (RAS/MAPK, MET, EGFR) and gene mutations (FGFR2, IDH1/2) have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. Although there is still no approved targeted drugs for ICC, more than 100 clinical trials testing targeted therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy are ongoing, among which some have shown promising application prospects. Molecular typing and personalized targeted therapy are important ways to improve the overall outcomes of ICC. This review summarized the recent advances in the targeted therapies for patients with ICC.肝内胆管癌（ICC）是发病率居第2位的原发性肝癌，近年来该病的发病率上升。ICC通常起病隐匿，导致确诊较晚。目前肝切除是ICC唯一被证实有效的根治性治疗措施，但切除率低，远期疗效不理想。局部治疗联合系统性化疗是目前晚期或不可切除ICC的主要治疗方法，但效果较差。随着对ICC基因表达谱研究的深入及二代测序技术的进展，多个异常信号转导通路（RAS/MAPK、MET、EGFR）及基因突变（FGFR2、IDH1/2）等潜在治疗靶点相继被发现。虽然目前尚无针对ICC的靶向药物获得批准使用，但已有百余项应用范围包括ICC的靶向药物单用或联合化疗的临床试验，部分显示良好的应用前景。随着ICC分子分型研究的进展，个体化的靶向治疗可能是ICC新的治疗突破点。.

China has rich phosphate rock resources, but with their continuous depletion, the rich ore resources have become increasingly scarce, which makes the exploration of collophane more important. Medium- and low-grade phosphate rock cannot be utilized until their impurities have been removed through mineral processing. However, due to the similar physical and chemical properties of dolomite and phosphorus minerals, the separation of dolomite from phosphate rock is a challenge for the beneficiation of phosphate rock. In this study, a collector that can separate dolomite from apatite by selective flotation was combined. The agent, named D12, is a new anionic surfactant that was obtained by the phosphorylation of ether-based nonionic surfactants. In order to determine the performance of the D12 collector, it was used in a flotation test. In this process, the raw ore had phosphorus oxide (P2O5) grade of 22.06 percent and magnesium oxide (MgO) content of 5.94 percent. The grinding fineness of 0.074 mm was approximately 87.33 percent. For roughing, the dosages of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), citric acid and collector were 7 kg/t, 1.5 kg/t and 0.5 kg/t, respectively. In the cleaning stage, the dosages of H2SO4 and collector were 5 kg/t and 0.3 kg/t, respectively. Concentrate grade of 31.02 percent and recovery rate of 68.64 percent with an open circuit were obtained under these conditions. Moreover, concentrate grade of 30.31 percent and recovery rate of 84.47 percent with MgO content of 0.92 percent were obtained with closed-circuit beneficiation indexes. The agent, D12, is promising to be applied to the industrial practice of mineral processing of phosphate rock.

马方综合征（MFS）是原纤维蛋白1（FBN-1）基因突变导致的结缔组织常染色体显性遗传性疾病，发病机制尚不明确。MFS患者的心血管系统主要表现为主动脉瘤样扩张，通常因为动脉瘤破裂而死亡。现有的治疗方法只能缓解症状，不能根治疾病。明确发病机制并加以阻断，成为该病治疗的新希望。目前，针对MFS发病机制的研究有诸多进展，本文对相关研究进行综述，以便为MFS的发病机制和治疗研究提供新思路。.

2例KMT2B基因变异致肌张力障碍28型男性患儿，分别在2岁和2岁6月龄无诱因以下肢足尖行走起病，进行性加重，扭转痉挛逐渐波及双上肢、躯干、颈部。例1曾出现肌张力障碍持续状态表现。例2有家族史。2例患儿口服药物治疗均无效，例1行脑深部电刺激治疗后症状逐渐改善。例1为KMT2B新生变异c.7550GT，为未报道新变异。例2及其姐姐、母亲、舅舅、外祖母均为遗传性KMT2B变异c.1656dupC，为已报道变异。.

The effects and mechanisms of melatonin on Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still not researched thoroughly. 20E2 cells (HEK293-APPswe cells) are a cellular model of AD. The modulation effects of melatonin on the structure and function of mitochondria in 20E2 cells need to be studied.The Alzheimer's disease (AD) cell model was assessed for cell viability, expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [PGC-1α], nuclear respiratory factor 1 [NRF1], nuclear respiratory factor 2 [NRF2], mitochondrial transcription factor A [TFAM]), mitochondrial membrane potential, Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and cytochrome C oxidase activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA) ratio, and mitochondrial structure with and without melatonin.Melatonin improved 20E2 cell viability, expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors (PGC-1α, NRF1, NRF2, TFAM), mitochondrial membrane potential, Na+-K+-ATPase, and cytochrome C oxidase activity, ATP level, mtDNA/nDNA ratio, mitochondrial structure, and decreased amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing.Mitochondrial biogenesis disorder is associated with the pathogenesis of AD through PGC-1α-NRF-TFAM pathway, and melatonin improves the mitochondrial structure and function by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and decreasing amyloidogenic APP processing in Alzheimer's disease.

Lung cancer is a common malignant disease in humans. Both the incidence rate and death rate keep growing in recent years and the prognosis of lung cancer patients is disappointing. Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) is a secreted protein and a serum marker for metastasis of melanoma. MIA was reported as an oncogene in several cancers. But its role in lung cancer was unknown. In this study, MIA level was shown to be increased in peripheral blood of 216 patients with lung cancer. And it was expressed much higher in tumor tissues than the normal control. Moreover, MIA expression was associated with the clinical stage of lung cancer. When MIA was knocked down, the viability, migration and invasion of A549 cells were remarkably suppressed. But the cell apoptosis rate was enhanced reversely. In contrast, overexpression of MIA promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion while cell apoptosis was inhibited. Mechanically, the anti-apoptosis marker Bcl-2 was increased and pro-apoptosis marker Bax was decreased after MIA was overexpressed in A549 cells, and vice versa. The level of PCNA and PI3K/mTOR signaling molecules was also increased when MIA was upregulated but declined after knockdown of MIA. In conclusion, MIA plays an oncogenic role in lung cancer and might be a potential marker for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a primary liver cancer with its incidence only after hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver resection is currently the only established effective treatment for patients with ICC.However,the resectability of ICC is low and the long-term survival after surgery is far from satisfactory. With the advances in the understanding of the biological characteristics and prognostic characteristics of ICC, surgical strategy and techniques have improved in recent years, and the long-term survival has also been increased. The accurate clinical diagnosis of ICC, R0 resection, routine lymphadenectomy, effective adjuvant therapy after R0 resection, and multidisciplinary treatment including re-hepatectomy for recurrent ICC are important for achieving an optimal outcome.Down-staging management for patients with unresectable ICC may provide a chance of R0 resection in some patients. Further research on the biological heterogeneity of ICC,and the improvement of surgical treatment or the establishment of new treatment methods are the main research directions in the future.肝内胆管癌（ICC）是发病率仅次于肝细胞癌的肝脏恶性肿瘤。肝切除术是ICC唯一有效的根治性治疗方式，但手术切除率低，术后极易复发转移。随着对ICC生物学特性和预后规律的深入认识，近年来ICC的外科治疗策略和技术方法有较大进步，远期疗效也有一定程度的改善。ICC准确的临床诊断、R0切除、术中区域性淋巴结清扫、术后有效的辅助治疗，以及复发性ICC的再切除和多学科治疗，是目前提高该病总体疗效的主要途径。对于无法一期切除的ICC，降期治疗可能提供切除的机会。深入开展ICC生物学异质性的研究，探索改善外科治疗或建立新的治疗方法是今后研究的主要方向。.

Correlation between Cu distribution and magnetic properties was studied for Sm(CobalFe0.28Cu0.07Zr0.02)7.6 magnets prepared by conventional powder metallurgical techniques. It reveals that the micrometer scale Cu distribution homogeneity before aging treatment has a profound influence on the cell structure, nanometer scale Cu distribution, which determines the magnetization and demagnetization behavior as well as magnetic properties of the magnets. By tuning the solution treatment conditions, magnet with optimal magnetic properties (remanence of 11.5 kG, coercivity of 23.4 kOe, and maximum energy product of 30.3 MGOe) was prepared.

Evaluations of both macroscopic and mesoscopic strengths of materials have been the topic of a great deal of recent research. This paper presents the results of a study, based on the Walraven equation of the production of a mesoscopic random aggregate structure containing various rubber contents and aggregate sizes. On a mesoscopic scale, the damage mechanism in the rubber concrete and the effects of the rubber content and aggregate-mortar interface on the rubber concrete’s compressive resistance property were studied. The results indicate that the random aggregate structural model very closely approximates the experimental results in terms of the fracture distribution and damage characteristics under uniaxial compression. The aggregate-mortar interface mechanical properties have a substantial impact on the test sample’s strength and fracture distribution. As the rubber content increases, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the test sample decrease proportionally. This paper presents graphics of the entire process from fracture propagation to structural failure of the test piece by means of the mesoscopic finite-element method, which provides a theoretical reference for studying the damage mechanism in rubber concrete and performing parametric calculations.

SummaryMost pear (Pyrus L.) cultivars exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), controlled by a single S-locus. Crosscompatible cultivars with different S-genotypes must be inter-planted in an orchard for efficient fruit production.Thus, it is essential to identify S-genotypes in order to choose pollinators for fruit production. The S-genotypes of many Chinese pear cultivars have been identified, but some results remain inconsistent. In this study, 15 Chinese pear cultivars with inconsistent S-genotypes were selected for further identification using 37 leaf samples collected from six different regions in China. The S-genotypes of all 15 pear cultivars were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, and sequencing of the PCR products. The S-genotypes were as follows: ‘Baozhuli’ (S22S42), ‘Cangxixueli’ (S5S15), ‘Hanxiang’ (S12S31), ‘Hangqing’ (S1S4), ‘Jinqiuli’ (S3S9), ‘Jinfeng’ (S17S19), ‘Longxiang’ (S16S42), ‘Nanguoli’ (S11S17), ‘Pingxiangli’ (S31Sd), ‘Qingkui’ (S1S3), ‘Qingxiang’ (S4S...

To observe mitophagy in APPsw/PS1dE9 transgenic mice and APPsw stably expressing HEK293 cell.The APPsw/PS1dE9 transgenic mice and 20E2 cell (HEK293 cell with APPsw) was used to be the model of Alzheimer's disease. We dynamically observed the behavior, mitochondrial structure and mitophagy in brain of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in different age groups. Mitochondrial structure and mitophagy of HEK293 and 20E2 cell in vitro were also recorded.The mitochondrion was changed significantly in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and 20E2 cell. LC3 protein, associated with autophagy, was up-regulated. Mitophagy related protein PINK1 and PARKIN were up-regulated.Mitophagy disorder may be associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease through PINK1/Parkin pathway.

Objectives To understand the current status of intellectually disabled children and the prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in children aged 0 approximately 6 years and its risk factors, and to provide scientific evidence to formulate relevant policies for helping intellectually disabled children. Methods Multiphase, stratified, unequal proportional and cluster sampling was adopted to investigate 60 124 children aged 0 approximately 6 years. All the children investigated were screened for ID using the Denver Developmental Screening Test, and those with positive screening test would be further diagnosed by varied specialists using the Gesell Developmental Inventory. Results In total, 560 of 60 124 children were diagnosed as intellectually disabled with an overall prevalence of 0.93%. Prevalence of ID was highest in children living in medium-developed areas with a prevalence of 1.20%, higher than in those living in developed areas (0.75%) and in underdeveloped areas (0.84%). It was higher in rural areas (1.03%) than in urban areas (0.83%), and higher in boys (1.01%) than in girls (0.84%). Prevalence of ID increased with the age of children and decreased with the educational level of their parents. Conclusions The study suggested that ID is still prevalent in the children of China, and rehabilitation for them is lagging behind current needs. Early prevention of ID in children and pre-school education for them should be strengthened.

We present optical photometry (V, R, and I) of the BL Lac object OJ 287 (0851+203, z = 0.306), which was observed in a low, fainter state with the 1 m telescope at Yunnan Astronomical Observatory. Our results show significant short-term variability in the R band over 31 minutes. We find a strong correlation between the V - R color index and the magnitude in the R band. Our CCD photometry of OJ 287 is in good agreement with the prediction of Sillanpaa and coworkers of an optical variability period of about 11.6 yr.

Approximately 40% of open-pit mines have resulted in the problem of slope stability in China, endangering the operational safety of China. How to apply the technology of the composite anchorage piles on the high-steep slope of open-pit mines is researched in this paper. The authors collected stress distribution data and analyzed the transmission rule using the ballast experiment with ordinary anchorage and composite anchorage piles. The authors then simulated these two different shapes by FLAC3D, and analyzed stress distribution and transmission rule. The conclusion is that the technology of composite anchorage piles apparently excels the anchorage piles in the treatment of open-pit mine’s soft slope, and can bear about 39% more tension, which significantly affects the slope treatment.

We present the results of optical photometric (BVRI) monitoring of three gamma-ray - loud BL Lac objects (3C 66A, PKS 0735+ 178, and BL Lacertae) in 1999 - 2002. During our observations, these objects showed significant rapid variations: 3C 66A and PKS 0735+ 178 exhibit short-timescale ( similar to 1 hr) variability in the B band, and BL Lac exhibits intraday variability in B and V. We find that there is a strong correlation between brightness and color for 3C 66A and BL Lac. We have analyzed the relationship between optical variability and gamma-ray variability and discuss theoretical models for gamma-ray - loud BL Lac emission. We have found shorter time variability for 3C 66A and PKS 0735+ 178 compared with previous reports.

Summary Background An epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been associated with an outbreak of atypical pneumonia originating in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. We aimed to identify the causative agent in the Guangdong outbreak and describe the emergence and spread of the disease within the province. Methods We analysed epidemiological information and collected serum and nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with SARS in Guangdong in mid-February, 2003. We did virus isolation, serological tests, and molecular assays to identify the causative agent. Findings SARS had been circulating in other cities of Guangdong Province for about 2 months before causing a major outbreak in Guangzhou, the province's capital. A novel coronavirus, SARS coronavirus (CoV), was isolated from specimens from three patients with SARS. Viral antigens were also directly detected in nasopharyngeal aspirates from these patients. 48 of 55 (87%) patients had antibodies to SARS CoV in their convalescent sera. Genetic analysis showed that the SARS CoV isolates from Guangzhou shared the same origin with those in other countries, and had a phylogenetic pathway that matched the spread of SARS to the other parts of the world. Interpretation SARS CoV is the infectious agent responsible for the epidemic outbreak of SARS in Guangdong. The virus isolated from patients in Guangdong is the prototype of the SARS CoV in other regions and countries.

We compile a sample of 13 BL Lac objects for which rapid optical variabilities are reliably established and luminosities of the nuclei and the host galaxies have been well observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We present a new method for estimating the masses of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of these objects using the rapid optical variability, and find that the masses of the SMBHs range from 10(7.42) to 10(9.19) M(.). This mass range is quite similar to that of dark compact objects in galaxies. To further investigate the reliability of our method, we also compile another sample with nine high-energy gamma-ray emission sources of BL Lac objects and obtain the masses for the SMBHs in these objects using the Dermer & Gehrels method. We find that the masses derived from these two methods are quite similar. These results strongly imply that the estimation of masses of SMBHs by rapid optical variability is reliable. We examine the correlations of the masses with the luminosities of the nuclei and the host galaxies observed by HST, and find that the masses are significantly correlated with the luminosities of the nuclei, but not correlated with the luminosities of host galaxies at all. In addition, we examine the relation between the observed minimal time-scale of variation and the bolometric luminosities of the objects. We find that they obey the Abromowicz & Nobili relation. These results possibly imply that the luminosities of the nuclei are produced by accretion of the central SMBHs.

Isolation and characterization of nicotine-degrading bacteria with advantages suitable for the treatment of nicotine-contaminated water and soil and detection of their metabolites.A novel nicotine-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from tobacco field soil. Based on morphological and physiochemical properties and sequence of 16S rDNA, the isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sp., designated as CS3. The optimal culture conditions of strain CS3 for nicotine degradation were 30°C and pH 7·0. However, the strain showed broad pH adaptability with high nicotine-degrading activity between pH 6·0 and 10·0. Strain CS3 could decompose nicotine nearly completely within 24 h in liquid culture (1000 mg L(-1) nicotine) or within 72 h in soil (1000-2500 mg kg(-1) nicotine) and could endure up to 4000 mg L(-1) nicotine in liquid media and 5000 mg kg(-1) nicotine in soil. Degradation tests in flask revealed that the strain had excellent stability and high degradation activity during the repetitive degradation processes. Additionally, three intermediates, 3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl) pyridine, 1-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl) pyrrolidine-2-ol and cotinine, were identified by GC/MS and NMR analyses.The isolate CS3 showed outstanding nicotine-degrading characteristics such as high degradation efficiency, strong substrate endurance, broad pH adaptability, and stability and persistence in repetitive degradation processes and may serve as an excellent candidate for applications in the bioaugmentation process to treat nicotine-contaminated water and soil. Also, detection of nicotine metabolites suggests that strain CS3 might decompose nicotine via a unique nicotine-degradation pathway.The advantage of applying the isolated strain lies in broad pH adaptability and stability and persistence in repetitive use, the properties previously less focused in other nicotine-degrading micro-organisms. The strain might decompose nicotine via a nicotine-degradation pathway different from those of other nicotine-utilizing Pseudomonas bacteria reported earlier, another highlight in this study.

Field-induced birefringence, also known as cross-polarization wave generation, has played an important role in ultrafast nonlinear optics. In this paper we analyze birefringence induced by relativistic collective motion of electrons driven by a high-intensity laser field. An analytical expression for the phase difference between the parallel and perpendicular polarizations of a weak probe pulse with respect to the polarization of a strong pump pulse as a function of intensity, density, and wavelengths is derived. It is shown that under typical experimental conditions of high-field physics, the effect is well above detection threshold. The analysis is compared with particle-in-cell simulations, and the agreement provides good support for the theory.

An analytical expression for relativistic birefringence induced by high-intensity laser field in plasma is derived. Its dependence on intensity, wavelength, and density is clearly displayed. The theory is verified by particle-in-cell simulation.

Generation of intense mid-infrared pulses by laser-plasma interaction in the bubble regime is demonstrated experimentally. Nonlinear phase modulation is shown to be the conversion mechanism by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.

As an intense laser pulse propagates through an underdense plasma, the strong ponderomotive force pushes away the electrons and produces a trailing plasma bubble. In the meantime the pulse itself undergoes extreme nonlinear evolution that results in strong spectral broadening toward the long-wavelength side. By experiment we demonstrate that this process can be utilized to generate ultrashort midinfrared pulses with an energy three orders of magnitude larger than that produced by crystal-based nonlinear optics. The infrared pulse is encapsulated in the bubble before exiting the plasma, hence is not absorbed by the plasma. The process is analyzed experimentally with laser-plasma tomographic measurements and numerically with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. Good agreement is found between theoretical estimation, numerical simulation, and experimental results.

To understand the current status of intellectually disabled children and the prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in children aged 0 approximately 6 years and its risk factors, and to provide scientific evidence to formulate relevant policies for helping intellectually disabled children.Multiphase, stratified, unequal proportional and cluster sampling was adopted to investigate 60 124 children aged 0 approximately 6 years. All the children investigated were screened for ID using the Denver Developmental Screening Test, and those with positive screening test would be further diagnosed by varied specialists using the Gesell Developmental Inventory.In total, 560 of 60 124 children were diagnosed as intellectually disabled with an overall prevalence of 0.93%. Prevalence of ID was highest in children living in medium-developed areas with a prevalence of 1.20%, higher than in those living in developed areas (0.75%) and in underdeveloped areas (0.84%). It was higher in rural areas (1.03%) than in urban areas (0.83%), and higher in boys (1.01%) than in girls (0.84%). Prevalence of ID increased with the age of children and decreased with the educational level of their parents.The study suggested that ID is still prevalent in the children of China, and rehabilitation for them is lagging behind current needs. Early prevention of ID in children and pre-school education for them should be strengthened.