Search

IntroductionAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ophthalmic disease that causes visual impairment and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the elderly. Fatty acids are essential nutrients required by the body and play a cornerstone role in the life activities of the body. Many studies have reported that fatty acids are involved in the development of AMD. To confirm this association, we conducted the present study.MethodsWe analyzed the association between all fatty acid intake and AMD using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005–2008. Quantile regression was performed to assess the effect of fatty acids on AMD at different intake levels.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, only saturated fatty acids showed no significant difference between AMD patients and non-AMD patients (23.64 g vs. 26.03 g, p = 0.052). Total fat (70.88 g vs. 78.86 g, p = 0.024), monounsaturated fatty acids (25.87 g vs. 28.95 g, p = 0.019), polyunsaturated fatty acids (15.10 g vs. 17.07 g, p = 0.017) showed significant differences between the two groups. When AMD was considered as an outcome, the association between AMD and docosaentaenoic acid (DPA) was negative in the multivariate logic model (model 1: OR =

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is closely associated with chronicinflammation, is the most common liver cancer and primarily involves dysregulated immune responses in the precancerous microenvironment. Currently, most studies have been limited to HCC incidence. However, the immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying precancerous lesions remain unknown.Methods: We obtained single-cell sequencing data (GSE136103) from two nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cirrhosis samples and five healthy samples. Using pseudo-time analysis, we systematically identified five different T-cell differentiation states. Ten machine-learning algorithms were used in 81 combinations to integrate the frameworks and establish the best T-cell differentiation-related prognostic signature in a multi-cohort bulk transcriptome analysis.Results: LDHA was considered a core gene, and the results were validated using multiple external datasets. In addition, we validated LDHA expression using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.Conclusion: LDHA is a crucial marker gene in T cells for the progression of NAFLD cirrhosis to HCC.

AbstractContext Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae) (PH) is a traditional Chinese traditional medicine with a pungent flavor and mild drug properties. PH is mainly distributed in the channel tropism in the stomach and large intestine. PH has multiple uses and can be used to treat a variety of diseases for a long time.Objective This review summarizes the phytochemical and pharmacological activities, and applications of PH from 1980 to 2022. We also provide suggestions for promoting further research and developing additional applications of PH.Methods The data and information on PH from 1980 to 2022 reviewed in this article were obtained from scientific databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Science Citation Index, SciFinder Scholar (SciFinder), Springer, American Chemical Society (ACS) Publications, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), etc. Some information was obtained from classic literature on traditional Chinese medicines. The search terms were Polygonum hydropiper, phytochemistry compositions of Polygonum hydropiper, pharmacological activities of Polygonum hydropiper, and applications of Polygonum hydropiper.Results The comprehensive analysis of the literature resulted in 324 compounds being isolated, identified, and reported from PH. Regarding traditional uses, the majority of phytochemical and pharmacological studies have indicated the diverse bioactivities of PH extracts, flavonoids, and volatile oil elements, including antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory.Conclusions PH has a long history of diversified medicinal uses, some of which have been verified in modern pharmacological studies. Further detailed studies are required to establish scientific and reasonable quality evaluation standards and action mechanisms of active constituents from PH.

The effects of different freezing temperatures (–20 ℃, –40 ℃, –80 ℃) on the re-steaming quality and component properties of frozen whole wheat steamed bread with different whole wheat flour replacement rates (30%, 50%, 100%) were analyzed. The results showed that the specific volume retention of the re-steamed whole wheat steamed bread was higher and the texture quality of the re-steamed whole wheat steamed bread was better with the lower freezing temperature and the faster freezing speed. Freezing temperature had no significant effect on the height/diameter ratio of frozen steamed bread with different whole wheat flour replacement rate. At –20 ℃, the hardness of frozen steamed bread with different whole wheat flour replacement rate was significantly higher than that of fresh steamed bread after re-steaming. At –80 ℃, the hardness of steamed breads is similar to that of fresh steamed bread after re-steaming. With the decrease of freezing temperature, the starch gelatinization enthalpy of frozen whole wheat steamed bread was lower, and the index value of starch gelatinization characteristics of 100% frozen whole wheat steamed bread was similar to that of fresh steamed bread, 30% and 50% whole wheat steamed bread were closer to that of fresh steamed buns at –40 ℃ freezing temperature. The lower the extractability of gluten protein was in frozen steamed buns at lower freezing temperature, the smaller the damage of gluten protein structure was. The damage to the internal microstructure of whole wheat steamed buns was smaller at lower freezing temperature, and its quality was closer to that of fresh steamed buns. In short, the lower freezing temperature is conducive to keeping the better quality of whole wheat steamed buns. To provide basis and reference for frozen whole wheat steamed buns processing and quality improvement.

Selenium (Se) is indispensable for animals and humans. One option to address Se deficiency is to biofortify plants with Se. Biofortification of forage with Se nanoparticles (NPs) is gaining more attention as an efficient and safe source of Se for livestock. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of NPs-Se (0, 30, 50, 100, 150, and 250 mg·L−1) on the growth of alfalfa harvested multiple times, and to provide a basis for the production of Se-enriched forages. Applying 50 mg·L−1 concentration of NPs-Se had the best effect on yield over three harvests. Over three harvests, low-dose NPs-Se (30 and 50 mg·L−1) application significantly increased peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content, and significantly decreased malondialdehyde content. The total Se content and Se accumulation in plants at the same harvest showed an upward trend with increasing Se concentration. At the same concentration, from first harvest to third harvest, Se content and Se accumulation showed an initially increasing and then decreasing trend. The evaluation found that foliar application of NPs-Se at 50 mg·L−1 could have the greatest positive effect on the growth and yield of multiple-harvested alfalfa.

Body-centered cubic bismuth (Bi) is considered to be an enticing pressure marker, and, therefore, it is highly desirable to command its accurate equation of state (EOS). However, significant discrepancies are noted among the previous experimental EOSs. In the present work, an EOS of up to 300 GPa is theoretically obtained by solving the partition function via a direct integral approach (DIA). The calculated results nearly reproduce the hydrostatic experimental measurements below 75 GPa, and the deviations from the measurements gradually become larger with increasing pressure. Based on the ensemble theory of equilibrium state, the DIA works with high precision particularly in high-pressure conditions, so the hydrostatic EOS presented in this work is expected to be a reliable pressure standard.

Abstract Background Protein lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a novel post-translational modification (PTM) discovered in cells or tissues of animals, microorganisms and plants in recent years. Proteome-wide identification of Khib-modified proteins has been performed in several plant species, suggesting that Khib-modified proteins are involved in a variety of biological processes and metabolic pathways. However, the protein Khib modification in soybean, a globally important legume crop that provides the rich source of plant protein and oil, remains unclear. Results In this study, the Khib-modified proteins in soybean leaves were identified for the first time using affinity enrichment and high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques, and a systematic bioinformatics analysis of these Khib-modified proteins was performed. Our results showed that a total of 4251 Khib sites in 1532 proteins were identified as overlapping in three replicates (the raw mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier of PXD03650). These Khib-modified proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, particularly enriched in biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism and photosynthesis, and are widely distributed in subcellular locations, mainly in chloroplasts, cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, a total of 12 sequence motifs were extracted from all identified Khib peptides, and a basic amino acid residue (K), an acidic amino acid residue (E) and three aliphatic amino acid residues with small side chains (G/A/V) were found to be more preferred around the Khib site. Furthermore, 16 highly-connected clusters of Khib proteins were retrieved from the global PPI network, which suggest that Khib modifications tend to occur in proteins associated with specific functional clusters. Conclusions These findings suggest that Khib modification is an abundant and conserved PTM in soybean and that this modification may play an important role in regulating physiological processes in soybean leaves. The Khib proteomic data obtained in this study will help to further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of Khib modification in soybean in the future.