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This paper considers the distributed adaptive neural consensus tracking control problem for a class of uncertain nonaffine nonlinear multi-agent systems. By making use of the Taylor expansion technique, the nonaffine nonlinear control input of each subsystem is successfully separated under a weaker decoupling condition, and then, the distributed adaptive control is developed via neural networks (NNs) technique. By introducing the compensation adaptive laws with positive time-varying integrable functions to effectively handle the disturbances and the NN approximation errors in backstepping design process, a new distributed adaptive neural controller is constructed by means of the local output tracking error information of neighborhood agents. It can be proved that all the subsystem outputs asymptotically track to a desired reference trajectory. The efficiency of the established control strategy is demonstrated by the simulation experiment.

The aim of this study was to explore the influence of Bacillus subtilis CH9 on Aeromonas hydrophila SC2005. The transcription level of virulence genes of A. hydrophila SC2005 and its hemolysin activity as well as its cytotoxicity were analyzed when B. subtilis CH9 and A. hydrophila SC2005 were co-cultured. The results indicated that the transcription levels of four virulence genes of A. hydrophila, including aer, ahyB, hcp, and emp, decreased when A. hydrophila was cultured with B. subtilis CH9. Furthermore, the extracellular products of A. hydrophila showed attenuated hemolysin activity as well as cytotoxicity when A. hydrophila was cultured with B. subtilis CH9. Finally, the transcriptional levels of luxS genes of B. subtilis CH9 and A. hydrophila SC2005 were determined when these two species were co-cultured. RT-qPCR results suggested that the transcription level of A. hydrophila was down-regulated significantly. On the contrary, the transcription level of B. subtilis CH9 was up-regulated significantly. These results suggested that the probiotic role of B. subtilis CH9 is related to the inhibition of growth and virulence of A. hydrophila SC2005, and quorum sensing may be involved.

4-Substituted dihydropyrimidinones and dihydropyrimidines were first efficient aerobic oxidized to the corresponding pyrimidinones and pyrimidines, respectively, in high yields by molecular oxygen in the presence of catalytic amount of N -hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and Co(OAc) 2 in a mild and environmental benign condition.

Photochemical and thermal cyclization of 4-(2-azidophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones could afford fused indoles, such as 1,2,3a,9b-tetrahydro-4-methylenepyrimidino[5,4- b ]indol-2-ones and 1,3,5,6,7a,12b-hexahydroquinazolino[9,4- b ]indol-2,7-dione in high yields via nitrene electrophilic addition and rearrangement reactions.

Highly efficient syntheses of indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, indolo[2,1-a][2]benzazepines, pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzazepines in excellent yields have been achieved by the intramolecular photochemical cross-coupling reactions of 3-acyl-2-halo-N-(ω-arylalkyl)indoles and 2-chloro-N-(ω-arylalkyl)pyrrole-3-carbaldehydes in acetone. A new heterocyclic ring system ― pyrrolo-[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazepine ― has also been constructed for the first time in this work by the photocyclization of 2-chloro-N-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde.

Pyrimidinones (II) and pyrimidines (IV) are obtained in high yields by oxidation with molecular oxygen in the presence of catalytic amounts of N-hydroxyphthalimide and Co(O-Ac)2.

The cyclization of azides (I) and (III) proceeds via nitrene electrophilic addition and rearrangement reactions to give fused indole derivatives under both photochemical and thermal conditions.

Photoreactions of substrates (I) and (IV) with styrenes offers a short route to the target compounds via a photoinduced dechlorinative annulation.

A copper-catalyzed photochemical cyclization/ring expansion reaction is developed for the preparation of a variety of fused indole derivatives.

Highly efficient syntheses of indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, indolo[2,1-a][2]benzazepines, pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzazepines in excellent yields have been achieved by the intramolecular photochemical cross-coupling reactions of 3-acyl-2-halo-N-(ω-arylalkyl)indoles and 2-chloro-N-(ω-arylalkyl)pyrrole-3-carbaldehydes in acetone. A new heterocyclic ring system ― pyrrolo-[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazepine ― has also been constructed for the first time in this work by the photocyclization of 2-chloro-N-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde.

1,2-Fused indoles and pyrroles were prepared via an efficient intramolecular photoaddition reaction of 1-(omega-alkenyl)-2-haloindole-3-carbaldehydes and 1-(omega-alkenyl)-2-chloropyrrole-3-carbaldehydes. The presence of an acyl group was necessary for the photocyclization reactions. The halogen-atom-retained exo- and endo-cyclization products were generally produced with results similar to those of an atom-transfer cyclization reaction. In contrast, unsaturated cyclization products were obtained in the photoreaction of substrates having methyl groups on the vinyl group.

1,2-Fused indoles and pyrroles were prepared via an efficient intramolecular photoaddition reaction of 1-(omega-alkenyl)-2-haloindole-3-carbaldehydes and 1-(omega-alkenyl)-2-chloropyrrole-3-carbaldehydes. The presence of an acyl group was necessary for the photocyclization reactions. The halogen-atom-retained exo- and endo-cyclization products were generally produced with results similar to those of an atom-transfer cyclization reaction. In contrast, unsaturated cyclization products were obtained in the photoreaction of substrates having methyl groups on the vinyl group.

Photochemical or thermal reactions of 3-(2-azidobenzylidene)-lactams afforded fused indoles such as indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-6-ones, pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-ones and other similar compounds in moderate to high yields via cyclization-ring expansion reactions. The photolytic process was much more facile than the thermal process and could be further improved by addition of CuI.