Search

Background:The secondary or recurrent herpetic infections (RHIs) are caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 and type-2. low-power laser therapy 940 nm may consider one of the best and most optimistic and optional local therapeutic and biological options. Objectives:To determine both molecular detection and viral load of HSV-1 and HSV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pre- and post-diode laser therapy 940 nm for evaluating the laser efficacy. Materials and Methods:Thirty patients in age range 6–48 years have participated in this clinical trial study complaining from RHI. Sixty viral swabs were taken for those thirty participant patients including 30 swabs pre and 30 swabs post 3–5 days. Diode laser therapy 940 nm for biostimulation, real-time PCR for accurate detection of both HSV-1 and HSV-2. Results:The results in this present study showed mean age range of RHI patients was 25.7 ± 12.1 years with a male ratio more than the female 1.5:1. Overall participants were infected with HSV type-1, whereas 3 (10%) of the participants were noninfected with HSV type-2. There was a significant increase in HSV type-1 PCR threshold cycle (Ct) mean of RHI patients after treatment with diode laser therapy 940 nm which means decreasing in the viral load. Conclusions:The real-time PCR technique is a highly efficient, reliable, and rapid technique for accurate diagnosis and viral load measuring of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Low-power laser therapy is utilized to reduce pain levels, change the state of disease from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory, and may reduce the viral load.

A total of 194 specimens of the predatory leech Helobdella stagnalis were collected from Sarchnar Stream, in Sulaimaniyah City along year of 2022 from January to the end of December. The seasonal distribution and occurrence, time of egg laying and hatching in relation with some physico-chemical factors were studied, including air and water temperatures, dissolved oxygen, pH, FCO2, HCO3-, Cl-, Ca+2 and Mg+. The temperature and dissolved oxygen were the most effective factors on leech’s population density as well as time of egg lying and juvenile hatching. The highest density was in Autumn, while the lowest was recorded during Summer. Cocoons were seen to laid in late winter and maximum juvenile numbers were recorded during Spring.

The title of the research is the Armenian issue in the Ottoman Empire (1878-1923). The reason for choosing the time period of study is due to the fact that the start year represents a turning point in the Armenian issue from its local Ottoman character to its international nature according to Article "61" of the Berlin Treaty, the end of the Armenian issue was officially registered in the Treaty of Lausanne. The research was divided into three main topics, the first under the title Armenians under the Ottoman Empire until 1909, It was divided into three topics, the first addressed the Armenians under the Ottoman Empire and international interventions until 1890 and Western attempts to exploit them to achieve its goals and interests, while the second dealt with the worsening conditions between the Armenians and the Ottoman Empire For the period (1890-1909) the third focused on disobeying Adana in 1909 and its effect on pitting European public opinion against the Ottoman Empire. The second topic dealt with the position of the Armenians in the First World War and its impact on the relationship with the Ottoman Empire (1914-1917) and divided in turn into three topics, the first discussed the position of the Armenians in the First World War and their assistance to the Russian state, while the second discussed the facts and events that led to the issuance of the housing decision In 1915, the third focused on implementing the market and housing decision, and the latter dealt with mutual assaults between Armenians and Turks for the period (1916-1917). The third topic included the Armenian issue during the era of the new Turkish government and international treaties (1918-1923), and it was divided into three topics, the first under the title of the Turkish authorities' recognition of the Armenian genocide and the military trials that took place in its wake, while the second topic discussed attempts to form a state for the Armenians during the Treaty of Sever in 1920, The last topic covered the discussion of the Armenian issue in the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. ساهمت عوامل عدة في قيام القضية الارمنية كالدور الذي قامت به الكنائس الارمنية ومخرجات مؤتمر برلين والحركات التبشيرية وما جرى من احداث في البوسنة والهرسك وبلغاريا واليونان، وهذه الورقة البحثية المعنونة القضية الارمنية في الدولة العثمانية (1878- 1923) محاولة لدراسة الموضوع من جوانبه المختلفة ، ويرجع سبب اختيار المدة الزمنية للدراسة ، ذلك لأن سنة البدء تمثل نقطة تحول في القضية الأرمنية من سمتها المحلية العثمانية إلي طبيعتها الدولية بموجب المادة "61" من معاهدة برلين ، أما سنة 1923 فقد سجلت نهاية القضية الأرمنية رسميا في معاهدة لوزان. قسم البحث الى ثلاثة مباحث رئيسية ،الاول تحت عنوان الارمن في ظل الدولة العثمانية حتى عام 1909 ، وتناول المبحث الثاني موقف الارمن في الحرب العالمية الاولى واثرة على العلاقة مع الدولة العثمانية (1914-1917) فيما تضمن المبحث الثالث القضية الارمنية في عهد الحكومة التركية الجديدة والمعاهدات الدولية (1918-1923).

The aim of this paper is to derive a posteriori error estimates for semilinear parabolic interface problems. More specifically, optimal order a posteriori error analysis in the - norm for semidiscrete semilinear parabolic interface problems is derived by using elliptic reconstruction technique introduced by Makridakis and Nochetto in (2003). A key idea for this technique is the use of error estimators derived for elliptic interface problems to obtain parabolic estimators that are of optimal order in space and time.

The declared purpose of the geographical revelations was, as is well known to find ways to reach the Far East, especially India, for the purpose of trade directly without going through the Mediterranean to avoid the monopoly of Venetian merchants and the control of the Turks. The second objective was adopted by the religious institution is to spread the Christian religion and to stop the spread of Islam has been stated by Columbus on his return from the first flight, and noted that the Spaniards were given the right to themselves to expand and control over all the land discovered and declared Spanish land as Columbus did fly the flag of Castile on the first land and the brunt of his feet. This research paper is an attempt to study the early stages of the control of the Spaniards in the New World and the establishment of the Spanish crown colonies in large areas of the Latin continent and to know their true goals and their dealings with the indigenous population is known lack of historical studies in this vital area in the continent of Latin America. كان هناك هدفان معلنان لرحلات الكشوف الجغرافية كما هو معروف ، تمثل الاول بإيجاد طرق للوصول الى الشرق الأقصى لاسيما الهند لغرض التبادل التجاري مباشرة دون المرور بحوض البحر المتوسط تجنباً لاحتكار تجار البندقية وسيطرة الأتراك ، والهدف الثاني تبنته المؤسسة الدينية هو نشر الدين المسيحي ووقف أنتشار الاسلام وقد صرح بذلك علانية كولومبس عند عودته من الرحلة الاولى ، والملاحظ أن الاسبان منحوا الحق لأنفسهم بالتوسع والسيطرة على كل أرض يكتشفوها وإعلانها أرض إسبانية كما فعل كولومبس برفع علم قشتالة على أول أرض وطأتها قدماه. أكتشف الإسبان الأرض التي تعرف اليوم بقارة أمريكا اللاتينية ، والتي شهدت فيما بعد تنافس ونزاع بين الدول الاوربية من أجل السيطرة ومد النفوذ واستغلال الموارد الطبيعية وأدى ذلك الى القضاء على أعداد كبيرة من السكان الاصليين بعد معاملتهم بكل أنواع الظلم والقسوة واستغلالهم أشد استغلال في المناجم والمزارع . هذه الورقة البحثية محاولة في دراسة المراحل الأولى لسيطرة الاسبان في قارة أمريكا اللاتينية وتأسيس مستعمرات تابعة للتاج الاسباني في مناطق واسعة من القارة اللاتينية ومعرفة أهدافهم الحقيقية وتعاملهم مع السكان الأصليين ومن المعلوم قلة الدراسات التاريخية في هذا المجال الحيوي في قارة أمريكا اللاتينية.

The term secularism is one of the most common and controversial terms to the day and the most obscure. The origin of the term was Western and back to the Middle Ages where the dispute over the nominal authority in the administration of religious and secular matters between the state and the church for several century, with the time , all the institutions of the governments were known as secular thought and direction from the state administration in political matters to all government institutions, and many countries of the world have introduced the term secularism in their constitutions. Secularism was rooted in the views of the most important European thinkers from the seventeenth century onward who sought in every way the dimensions of the ecclesiastical institution of the various aspects of life, The term secularism was officially established in 1851 by the politician, thinker and journalist George Holyoke, who presented his ideas through the press and various books, the most important of which was the book of the principles of secularism. It seems that his books were not translated into Arabic . The Church divided the Christian community into two sections. The first was the Department of Church Affairs, which included clergymen who represented the religious corps or the so-called clerical or clerical corps, and the church was called the public, which worked outside the church as secular and secular people, whatever their qualities, status and works. One of the foundations upon which secularism was based was the idea of religious tolerance, which was the result of the reaction to the blind religious fanaticism among the various sects and religious sects based on weak foundations that greatly damaged the religious establishment until the concept of tolerance came out of its proper framework and came out of the control of the Christian religious. The most important foundations of secularism have been discussed and are still the subject of separation of religion from politics or the separation of religion from state, which must be read in terms of difference, competition, conflict and centuries-old conflict between the Church and the civil and secular institutions in Europe مصطلح العلمانية من أكثر المصطلحات شيوعاً وأثارة للجدل حتى اليوم وأكثرها غموضاً ، أصل المصطلح غربي النشأة والفكر تمتد جذوره الى العصور الوسطى ، أذ الخلاف على السلطة الاسمى في ادارة الامور الدينية والدنيوية بين الدولة والكنيسة لعدة قرون ، تناوله المفكرون بطرق مختلفة وكتب عنه الكثير ، ومع الوقت عرفت كل المؤسسات التابعة للحكومات بانها علمانية الفكر والتوجه من أدارة الدولة في الامور السياسية الى كل المؤسسات الحكومية ، وأدخلت الكثير من دول العالم مصطلح العلمانية او ما يرادفه في دساتيرها ، ويمكن القول ان فهمنا للمصطلح يبقى قاصراً عند حدوده السياسية وفكرة الفصل بين الدين والدولة او فصل الدين عن السياسة. اعتمدت العلمانية في تثبيت جذورها على آراء أهم المفكرين الأوربيين منذ القرن السابع عشر فصاعداً والذين بحثوا في كل وسيلة لأبعاد المؤسسة الدينية الكنسية من مختلف جوانب الحياة ، وبعد صراع مرير استطاع مناصروا الفكر المدني والعلماني أبعاد المؤسسة الدينية بشكل كامل وظهر مصطلح العلمانية بشكل رسمي للوجود في سنة 1851 على يد السياسي والمفكر والصحفي جورج هوليوك الذي قدم افكاره عن طريق الصحافة ونشر الكتب المختلفة وأهمها كتاب مبادئ العلمانية ويبدوا أن كتبه لم تترجم الى اللغة العربية مع أهميتها.

A series of N,N-disubstituted piperazines were synthesized containing the structural elements of both methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBP) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) in a single molecule. These six potential designer drug molecules having a regioisomeric relationship were compared in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gas chromatography-infrared spectroscopy and serotonin receptor affinity studies. These compounds were separated by capillary gas chromatography on an Rxi®-17Sil MS stationary phase film and the elution order appears to be determined by the position of aromatic ring substitution. The majority of electron ionization mass spectral fragment ions occur via processes initiated by one of the two nitrogen atoms of the piperazine ring. The major electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) fragment ions observed in all six of these regioisomeric substances occur at m/z = 364, 229, 163 and 135. The relative intensity of the various fragment ions is also equivalent in each of the six EI-MS spectra. The vapour phase infrared spectra provide a number of absorption bands to differentiate among the six individual compounds on this regioisomeric set. Thus, the mass spectra place these compounds into a single group and the vapour phase infrared spectra differentiate among the six regioisomeric possibilities. All of the TFMPP–MDBP regioisomers displayed significant binding to 5-HT2B receptors and in contrast to 3-TFMPP, most of these TFMPP–MDBP isomers did not show significant binding at 5-HT1 receptor subtypes. Only the 3-TFMPP-3,4-MDBP (Compound 5) isomer displayed affinity comparable to 3-TFMPP at 5-HT1A receptors (Ki = 188 nmol/L).

Background: Previous studies declare that Ki-67 protein (Ki-67P) expression was shown to be correlated with cell proliferation and was considered as a prognostic marker for different cancer diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between Ki-67 and the cytotoxic effect of MV and cisplatin chemotherapy in inhibition of the proliferation of human colon cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Colon cancer cell line (SW-480) was cultured in microtiter plates incubated in the presence of different titers of measles virus and different concentrations of cisplatin. The expression titer of Human Ki-67 protein was determined in cell culture supernatant by quantitative ELISA. The optical density (OD) was measured with spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 450 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of human Ki-67P. The concentration of human Ki-67P in samples was calculated by comparing the OD of the samples with the standard curve. Results: The expression of Ki-67P was decreased in relation to the virus titer and concentration of cisplatin in treated cell groups. The results showed significant differences in the level of cellular expression of protein (Ki-67) between the virus-infected cells, cisplatin-treated, and the l untreated control cells group (P ≤ 0.001). The lowest Ki-67P expression was recorded after treatment of SW-480 colon tumor cell with high concentration of measles virus. Conclusion: Both live-attenuated MV (Edmonton strain) and cisplatin could reduce Ki-67P expression in tumor cell line when treated with either one of them. Therefore, they have beneficial effects in reducing the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Counting controversy popular facilities of the civil war in English, the most important aspects of an affair and importance, as describes the first appearance of public opinion in the political process, and the size of the writings of dialectical intellectual was great, eating moral and theological ideas and apply them to rule, explained the disadvantages discussed constitutions and made the arguments pro and con of religious tolerance, and attacked or defended the government of the church and taking their relationship to the civil power, demanded some form of civil liberty or denied, and has a lot of controversy on the belief that the political and social institutions does not justify its existence, but they protect individual interests and safeguard civil rights, and ensure co-existence in the light of religious tolerance and can to say that this debate on the image of publications, was the first experience of Europe in general and England witnessed particularly in popular political.

The movement of religious reform Began in an active and influential since the beginning of the sixteenth century in many European countries, especially Germany and France, and the evolution of matter of doctrinal differences about the rituals and religious ceremonies to search for the issue of the limits of spiritual authority and disadvantages of papal authority and the level of obedience to the church, and it was possible to agree on religious truth with differing views, if you could remove what it rituals of ignorance and shading and exploit the simplicity of others, especially since everyone was raindrops of the same principles and doctrines of Christianity, but the bigotry that was a number of clerics from both sides and fueled by personal interests of kings, princes and nobles, who found in the Reformation the right opportunity for expansion and acquisition of land and property at the expense of the church increased the complexity of the dispute and around gradually to the differences and then to the conflicts and wars preoccupied European society for more than two centuries, and resulted in the latter to the idea of separation of church and state and freedom of conscience for all, and then leave room for laws position to rule the country and declined to cut and highlighted the role of the church and worship only the Divine Liturgy.

Digital image forgery is a growing problem due to the increase in readily-available technology that makes the process relatively easy. In response, several approaches have been developed for detecting digital forgeries. This paper proposes a novel scheme based on neural networks and deep learning, focusing on the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture approach to enhance a copy-move forgery detection. The proposed approach employs a CNN architecture that incorporates pre-processing layers to give satisfactory results. In addition, the possibility of using this model for various copy-move forgery techniques is explained. The experiments show that the overall validation accuracy is 90%, with a set iteration limit.

The problem of forged images has become a global phenomenon that is spreading mainly through social media. New technologies have provided both the means and the support for this phenomenon, but they are also enabling a targeted response to overcome it. Deep convolution learning algorithms are one such solution. These have been shown to be highly effective in dealing with image forgery derived from generative adversarial networks (GANs). In this type of algorithm, the image is altered such that it appears identical to the original image and is nearly undetectable to the unaided human eye as a forgery. The present paper investigates copy-move forgery detection using a fusion processing model comprising a deep convolutional model and an adversarial model. Four datasets are used. Our results indicate a significantly high detection accuracy performance (~95%) exhibited by the deep learning CNN and discriminator forgery detectors. Consequently, an end-to-end trainable deep neural network approach to forgery detection appears to be the optimal strategy. The network is developed based on two-branch architecture and a fusion module. The two branches are used to localize and identify copy-move forgery regions through CNN and GAN.

In this work, the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive material including 238U, 232Th, and 40K were measured of some amber rice samples cultivated in southern Baghdad and Al Najaf governorate and used in Baghdad governorate, Iraq in 2018, using gamma-ray spectrometer with NaI (Tl) detector. The results show that the activity concentrations for 238U ranged from (2.68 to 10.81) Bq/kg with average 5.94 Bq/kg, 232Th ranged from (B.D.L to 3.37) Bq/kg with average 2.65 Bq/kg, and for 40K ranged from (4.48 to 35.7) Bq/kg with average 16.84 Bq/kg. The annual effective dose from rice consumption by adults for 238U, 232Th, and 40K ranged from (0.41 to 1.6) x10-5 Sv/y with average 0.9 x10-5 Sv/y, (B.D.L to 0.42) x10-5 Sv/y with average 0.2 x10-5 Sv/y, and (0.17 to 1.2) x10-5 Sv/y with average 0.45 x10-5 Sv/y respectively. All values of the average specific activities are less than the global average values of ICRP, and the annual effective dose from rice consumption by adults was lower than the permissible limit of (1 m Sv/y) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.

The present research is concerned with political geography , particularly in the field of naval borders of the states and the problems that may result in the national relations . As a star try point , the research stems from the Libyan decision regarding the waters in the sarat gulf as internal waters in 1973 since these waters are extremely important in the security and vital interests of Libyan . It is important to mention that this region the sarat gulf produces 95 % of the total Libyan oil . Moreover , Across this gulf exist the most important ports of exporting the Libyan oil abroad . The Libyan decision was encountered by an obvious refusal on the part of the USA . Further it is claimed that this gulf does not comply with the standard and lawful conditions of the gulfs . consequently , the USA shows some hostile attitude or reaction when two Libyan aircrafts or planes were demised on this gulf . what should be mentioned in this regard is that USA has declared some Historical gulf in its water , which constitutes a double policy in the American attitude The American attitude is part of the strategy of monopolizing the vital regions in the World including the Mediterranean Sea . .

Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a global threat, encouraging the adoption of efficient and effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics and promoting their use as replacements. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) have been reported to exhibit antibacterial properties. In this study, we synthesized and characterized TiO 2 NPs in anatase and rutile forms with surface modification by geraniol (GER)., Results: The crystallinity and morphology of modified TiO 2 NPs were analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping (EDS). The antimicrobial activity of TiO 2 NPs with geraniol was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of modified NPs ranged from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/ml against all bacterial strains, and the live dead assay and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) supported the antibacterial properties of TiO 2 NPs with GER. Moreover, TiO 2 NPs with GER also showed a significant decrease in the biofilm thickness of MRSA., Conclusions: Our results suggest that TiO 2 NPs with GER offer a promising alternative to antibiotics, particularly for controlling antibiotic-resistant strains. The surface modification of TiO 2 NPs by geraniol resulted in enhanced antibacterial properties against multiple bacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant MRSA. The potential applications of modified TiO 2 NPs in the biomedical and environmental fields warrant further investigation., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

For decades, the antimicrobial applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted the attention of scientists as a strategy for controlling the ever-increasing threat of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The photo-induced antimicrobial properties of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs by ultraviolet (UV) light are well known. This review elaborates on the modern methods and antimicrobial mechanisms of TiO 2 NPs and their modifications to better understand and utilize their potential in various biomedical applications. Additional compounds can be grafted onto TiO 2 nanomaterial, leading to hybrid metallic or non-metallic materials. To improve the antimicrobial properties, many approaches involving TiO 2 have been tested. The results of selected studies from the past few years covering the most recent trends in this field are discussed in this review. There is extensive evidence to show that TiO 2 NPs can exhibit certain antimicrobial features with disputable roles of UV light. Hence, they are effective in treating bacterial infections, although the majority of these conclusions came from in vitro studies and in the presence of some additional nanomaterials. The methods of evaluation varied depending on the nature of the research while researchers incorporated different techniques, including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration, cell count, and using disk and well diffusion methods, with a noticeable indication that cell count was the most and dominant criterion used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)