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1. Determinants and effects of microvascular obstruction on serial change in left ventricular diastolic function after reperfused acute myocardial infarction

Author: Hyemoon Chung, Jiwon Seo, In-Soo Kim, Chul Hwan Park, Jong-Youn Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Tae-Hoon Kim, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, and Eui-Young Choi
Subjects: acute myocardial infarction, systolic function, diastolic function, microvascular obstruction, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: BackgroundAlthough left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is more related to functional capacity after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the determinants of LV diastolic functional change after reperfused AMI remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microvascular obstruction (MVO) on mid-term changes in LV diastolic function after reperfused AMI.MethodsIn a cohort of 72 AMI patients who underwent successful revascularization, echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging were repeated at 9-month intervals. The late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) amount, segmental extracellular volume fraction, global LV, and left atrial (LA) phasic functions, along with mitral inflow and tissue Doppler measurements, were repeated.ResultsAmong the included patients, 31 (43%) patients had MVO. During the 9-month interval, LV ejection fraction (EF) and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) were significantly improved in accordance with a decrease in LGE amount (from 18.2 to 10.3 g, p
Published: 2024
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2. Treat-to-target versus high-intensity statin treatment in patients with or without diabetes mellitus: a pre-specified analysis from the LODESTAR trialResearch in context

Author: Seung-Jun Lee, Woong Chol Kang, Jong-Young Lee, Jin-Bae Lee, Tae-Hyun Yang, Junghan Yoon, Yong-Joon Lee, Sung-Jin Hong, Chul-Min Ahn, Jung-Sun Kim, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Bum-Kee Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Myeong-Ki Hong, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Jong-Youn Kim, Pil Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Se-Joong Rim, Eui-Young Choi, Woong CholKang, Pyung Chun Oh, Kee Sik Kim, Ji Yong Choi, Jae Kean Ryu, Seung Pyo Hong, Chang Yeon Kim, Hyung-Jin Cho, Min-Soo Ahn, Sung Gyun Ahn, Jun-Won Lee, Jung-Woo Son, Hyuck-Jun Yoon, Cheol Hyun Lee, Jongmin Hwang, Yun-Kyeong Cho, Seung-Ho Hur, Seongwook Han, Chang-Wook Nam, Hyoungseop Kim, Hyoung-Seob Park, In-Cheol Kim, Yun-Hyeong Cho, Hyeon-Ju Jeong, Jin-Ho Kim, Chewan Lim, Yongsung Suh, Eui Seok Hwang, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Yun Lee, Sung Uk Kwon, Song-Yi Kim, Keun-Ho Park, and Hyun Kuk Ki
Subjects: Coronary artery disease, Atherosclerosis, Cholesterol, Statin, Diabetes, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: The impact of titrated versus fixed intensity statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains to be elucidated. Methods: This was a pre-specified analysis of patients with and without DM from the LODESTAR trial. Patients with CAD were randomly assigned to receive either a treat-to-target strategy with a target LDL-C level of 50–70 mg/dL or a high-intensity statin treatment. Primary outcome was the 3-year composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or coronary revascularization. Secondary outcomes were safety endpoints. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02579499. Findings: Between September 9, 2016 and November 27, 2019, 4400 patients with CAD were enrolled in the LODESTAR trial. The median age was 65 years (interquartile range, 59–73 years), 3172 (72%) were male, and 1468 (33%) had DM at baseline. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of the primary outcome between the treat-to-target group and high-intensity statin group among patients with DM (10.5% versus 11.1%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–1.29, p = 0.70) and those without DM (6.9% versus 7.5%, HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.71–1.21, p = 0.58). Among patients without DM, there was a trend towards a lower risk of new-onset DM in the treat-to-target group (8.4% versus 10.4% in the high-intensity statin group, HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62–1.01; p = 0.06). Interpretation: In patients with CAD, a treat-to-target LDL-C strategy of 50–70 mg/dL as the goal was comparable to high-intensity statin therapy in terms of 3-year clinical efficacy and safety outcomes regardless of the presence of DM. Funding: Sam Jin Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea and Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea.
Published: 2023
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3. The association between cardiac involvement and long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author: Jung‐Joon Cha, In‐Soo Kim, Jong‐Youn Kim, Eui‐Young Choi, Pil‐Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum‐Kee Hong, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Han Eol Cho, Won Ah Choi, Seong‐Woong Kang, and Se‐Joong Rim
Subjects: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, LV systolic dysfunction, Long‐term clinical outcome, Brain‐natriuretic peptide, Diuretics, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Aims Despite advances in contemporary cardiopulmonary therapies, cardiomyopathy remains the leading cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Also, the long‐term clinical outcomes of patients with DMD and cardiomyopathy is unknown. This study investigated long‐term clinical outcomes and their associated factors in patients with late‐stage DMD. Methods and results A total of 116 patients with late‐stage DMD (age > 15 years) were enrolled in this retrospective study. All enrolled patients were followed up at a single tertiary referral hospital. LV systolic dysfunction was dichotomously defined as reduced [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%] vs. preserved [>40%] based on the initial echocardiographic result. The primary endpoint was all‐cause death. The secondary endpoint was a composite event defined as death or unexpected hospitalization due to cardiovascular reasons including chest pain, dyspnoea, and generalized oedema. The patients were divided into preserved (n = 84, 72.4%) and reduced LVEF groups (n = 32, 27.6%). The mean age was 20.8 ± 5.9 years, the mean disease duration, 8.8 ± 3.7 years, and the mean follow‐up duration, 1708 ± 659 days. For primary endpoint, the reduced LVEF group showed a lower rate of overall survival (Reduced LVEF vs. Preserved LVEF; 81.3% vs. 98.8%, log‐rank P = 0.005). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, brain‐natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.088, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.019–1.162, P = 0.011) and diuretic use (adjusted HR 9.279, 95%CI 1.651–52.148, P = 0.011) were significant predictors of all‐cause death in patients with DMD. For the secondary endpoint, the reduced LVEF group had a lower rate of freedom from composite events than the preserved LVEF group (65.6% vs. 86.9%, log‐rank P = 0.005). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, BNP level (adjusted HR 1.057, 95%CI 1.005–1.112, P = 0.032) and diuretic use (adjusted HR 4.189, 95% CI 1.704–10.296, P = 0.002) were significant predictors of the composite event in patients with DMD. Conclusions Patients with DMD and reduced LVEF had worse clinical outcomes than those with preserved LVEF. BNP level and diuretic use were associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with late‐stage DMD, irrespective of LVEF.
Published: 2022
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4. Effect of sarcomere and mitochondria-related mutations on myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Author: Hyemoon Chung, Yoonjung Kim, Chul-Hwan Park, Jong-Youn Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Tae Hoon Kim, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Kyung-A Lee, and Eui-Young Choi
Subjects: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Myocardial fibrosis, Sarcomere gene mutation, Mitochondria, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Background Myocardial fibrosis is an important prognostic factor in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the contribution from a wide spectrum of genetic mutations has not been well defined. We sought to investigate effect of sarcomere and mitochondria-related mutations on myocardial fibrosis in HCM. Methods In 133 HCM patients, comprehensive genetic analysis was performed in 82 nuclear DNA (33 sarcomere-associated genes, 5 phenocopy genes, and 44 nuclear genes linked to mitochondrial cardiomyopathy) and 37 mitochondrial DNA. In all patients, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed, including 16-segmental thickness, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native and post-T1, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and T2, along with echo-Doppler evaluations. Results Patients with sarcomere mutation (SM, n = 41) had higher LGE involved segment, % LGE mass, ECV and lower post-T1 compared to patients without SM (n = 92, all p 0.05). However, MM group did not have significantly higher ECV or LGE amount than non-mutation group. Conclusions SMs are significantly related to increase in myocardial fibrosis. Although, some HCM patients had pathogenic MMs, it was not associated with an increase in myocardial fibrosis.
Published: 2021
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5. Contribution of sarcomere gene mutations to left atrial function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Author: Hyemoon Chung, Yoonjung Kim, Chul Hwan Park, In-Soo Kim, Jong-Youn Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Tae Hoon Kim, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Kyung-A Lee, and Eui-Young Choi
Subjects: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Genetic mutation, Left atrial function, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Background Left atrial (LA) enlargement and dysfunction are related to clinical course in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to investigate genetic contribution to LA structural and functional remodeling. Methods Two hundred twelve patients were consecutively enrolled, and echocardiography and extensive genetic analysis were performed. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed in 135 patients. Echocardiography was also performed in controls (n = 30). Results Patients with HCM had lower late-diastolic mitral annular velocity (a’) and higher LA volume index (LAVI) than controls. Patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere gene mutations (PSM, n = 67, 32%) had higher LAVI and lower CMR-derived LA total emptying fraction (37.0 ± 18.5 vs. 44.2 ± 12.4%, p = 0.025). In patients without AF (n = 187), the PSM had lower a’ (6.9 ± 2.0 vs. 7.8 ± 1.9 cm/s, p = 0.004) than others. The PSM had higher prevalence and amount of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the left ventricle (LV). In multivariate analysis, PSM was significantly related to lower a’ independent of E/e’, LV mass index, and LAVI. However, the relation significantly attenuated after adjustment for the extent of LGE in the LV, suggesting common myopathy in the LV and LA. In addition, PSM was significantly related to lower LA total emptying fraction independent of age, E/e’, s’, LV ejection fraction, LV myocardial global longitudinal strain and %LGE mass. Conclusions PSM was related to LA dysfunction independent of LV filling pressure and LAVI, suggesting its contribution to atrial myopathy in HCM.
Published: 2021
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6. Arterial Stiffness is Associated with False-Positive ST-Segment Depression in Supine Bicycle Exercise Stress Echocardiography

Author: Hyemoon Chung, Jiwon Seo, In Soo Kim, Jong-Youn Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, and Eui-Young Choi
Subjects: exercise test, st depression, arterial stiffness, myocardial ischemia, hypertensive response, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: Although exercise stress electrocardiography (ECG) is a popular tool for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD), the induced ST-depression without coronary artery stenosis (FST) remains a challenge for accurate diagnosis. Exercise-induced ST depression is related to poor prognosis even in non-obstructive disease; however, its determinants have not been fully defined. We sought to investigate whether ventriculo-vascular interactional indexes such as arterial stiffness index, exercise hemodynamic parameters and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) functional parameters were related to FST. Methods: In the current study, 609 participants who underwent both supine bicycle exercise echocardiography and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement without exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) were analyzed. Referral reasons for stress test were CAD detection or evaluation of patency of previous revascularization. Stepwise graded supine bicycle exercise was performed with simultaneous ECG recording and echocardiography after full conventional resting echocardiography. The FST was defined as newly developed >1 mm ST depression without RWMA during exercise. Results: The median age of the study participants was 65 (59.0–70.5) years, and 222 (37%) patients were women. Among them, 103 (17%) patients showed FST during the exercise or recovery phase. The prevalence of FST did not differ between sexes. Older age, higher pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), left atrial volume index, baPWV and ankle brachial index at rest and hypertensive response, higher heart rate and rate-pressure product at peak exercise were significantly associated with FST. In multivariate analysis, higher peak heart rate, PASP, and baPWV were independently related to FST. Conclusions: Stress-induced RWMA in addition to ECG should be evaluated to detect CAD in patients with higher baPWV and PASP. FST might be linked to subclinical myocardial ischemia through arterial stiffness and diastolic dysfunction.
Published: 2023
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7. Quantitative coronary angiography versus intravascular ultrasound guidance for drug-eluting stent implantation (GUIDE-DES): study protocol for a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial

Author: Jong-Young Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Soon Jun Hong, Hyun-Sook Kim, Pil Hyung Lee, Young won Yoon, and Seung-Jin Oh
Subjects: Medicine
Published: 2022
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8. Genetic relevance and determinants of mitral leaflet size in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Author: Hyemoon Chung, Yoonjung Kim, Chul-Hwan Park, Jong-Youn Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Tae Hoon Kim, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Kyung-A Lee, and Eui-Young Choi
Subjects: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Mitral valve, Mitral leaflet, Gene, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Background Whether mitral leaflet elongation is a primary phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is controversial. We investigated the genetic relevance and determinants of mitral leaflet size by performing extensive gene analyses in patients with HCM. Methods Anterior mitral leaflet (AML) lengths were measured in HCM patients (n = 211) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 30) using echocardiography with hemodynamic and chamber geometric assessments. We analyzed 82 nuclear DNA (8 sarcomeric genes, 74 other HCM-associated genes) and mitochondrial DNA. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was performed in the 132 HCM patients. Results Average indexed AML was significantly longer for HCM than for controls (17.2 ± 2.3 vs. 13.3 ± 1.6 mm/m2, P 0.05). Conclusion AML elongation was a unique finding of HCM. However, the leaflet size was more related to chamber geometry and hypertrophy pattern rather than genetic factors within overt HCM.
Published: 2019
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9. Comparison of risk profiles for new-onset atrial fibrillation between patients aged

Author: In-Soo Kim, Yeon-Jik Choi, Eui-Young Choi, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, and Jong-Youn Kim
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) has a heterogeneous pathophysiology according to individual patient characteristics. This study aimed to identify the effects of widely known risk factors on AF incidence according to age and to elucidate the clinical implications of these effects. Methods and results We analyzed data from 501,668 subjects (≥18years old) without AF and valvular heart disease from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The total population was divided into two groups according to age, Conclusion The risk profile for new-onset AF was somewhat different between the
Published: 2021

10. Effect of Renal and Left Ventricular Function on Serial Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Changes after Device Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

Author: Chul Shin, Young Won Yoon, In-Soo Kim, Jong-Youn Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, and Eui-Young Choi
Subjects: Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background. The age of candidates for device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) has been increasing. Thus, concerns exist about dyspnea aggravation or atrial fibrillation development after device closure due to augmentation of left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) preload. This study aimed to examine patterns and determinants of serial pulmonary arterial pressure and left ventricular filling pressure changes after device closure of ASD. Methods. Among the 86 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous device closure of ASD, those with end-stage renal disease or those without pre- or postprocedural Doppler data were excluded. The clinical, transesophageal, and transthoracic echocardiographic findings of 78 patients were collected at baseline, one-day postprocedure, and one-year follow-up. Results. The mean age of study patients was 49.8 ± 15.0 years, and the average maximal defect diameter and device size were 20.2 ± 6.0 mm and 23.8 ± 6.4 mm. Four patients (5.6%) underwent new-onset atrial fibrillation, and five patients (6.4%) took diuretics within one-year after closure. Some patients (n = 21; 27%) exhibited paradoxically increased tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRV) one-day postprocedure; they also were older with lower e’, glomerular filtration rate, and LV ejection fraction and a higher LA volume index. However, even in these patients, TRV deceased below baseline levels one-year later. Both E/e’ and LA volume index significantly increased immediately after device closure, but all decreased one-year later. Larger defect size and higher TRV were significantly correlated with immediate E/e’ elevation. Conclusion. In older, renal, diastolic, and systolic dysfunctional patients with larger LA and scheduled for larger device implantation, peri-interventional preload reduction therapy would be beneficial.
Published: 2021
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11. Impact of aortic atheroma and distensibility on diastolic function and prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke

Author: Dae-Young Kim, In-Soo Kim, Yo Han Jung, Kyung Yul Lee, Jong-Youn Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, and Eui-Young Choi
Subjects: ischemic stroke, aortic atheroma, diastolic function, prognosis, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: Patients with ischemic stroke are vulnerable to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) because these conditions share common risk factors. Although evaluation of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and proximal descending thoracic aorta is an essential step to determine the source of the causative embolism, the relationship between the degree of aortic atheroma and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function has not been extensively investigated. Methods: We analyzed the transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography in ischemic stroke patients. Patients with previous coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease of more than moderate degree, and an LV ejection fraction of less than 50% were excluded. The relationships between the grade of the aortic atheroma, aortic stiffness indexes, and diastolic functional indexes were evaluated. Results: In 295 patients, the atheroma grade was significantly correlated with aortic stiffness index, ratio of mitral annular and inflow velocities (E/e’), left atrial volume index, and LV diastolic elastance. With further adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left atrial volume index, and LV mass index, the significance of the atheroma grade was attenuated. In the subgroup analysis, the atheroma grade was significantly and independently related to E/e’ in women (β = 0.181, p = 0.032), but not in men. However, atheroma grade was not associated with poor clinical outcomes in either sex. Conclusions: Aortic atheroma grade was significantly and independently related to LV diastolic function, especially in women. This suggests that aortic atheroma is an index of arterial stiffness and a potential risk factor for HFpEF through ventricular-vascular interactions, especially in women.
Published: 2022
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12. 22. BP VARIABILITY AS WELL AS MEAN BP FROM AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE AND HOME BLOOD PRESSURE CORRELATES WELL WITH TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE IN UNTREATED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Author: Ae-Young Her, Se-Joong Rim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Bum-Kee Hong, and Hyuck Moon Kwon
Subjects: Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: We sought to assess the relation of ambulatory blood pressure(ABP) measurement and home blood pressure(HBP) measurement with target organ damage using BP variability(BPV) as well as mean BP in untreated hypertensive patients. Methods: Seventy-nine untreated patients with hypertension(men : 52 and female : 27, mean age, 47.5±13.1years) underwent measurements of ABP, HBP and OBP. The ABP was recorded for 24hrs, HBP was measured for 1week, and OBP was measured at least in two visits. All BP measurements were taken using automatic BP measuring device. The parameters indicating target organ damage were the left-ventricular mass index(LVMI) by transthoracic echocardiography, urinary albumin excretion rate(AER), carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity(PWV), and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT). Results: The LVMI was significantly correlated with systolic HBP, systolic/diastolic 24hrs ABP, and systolic ABP variability(ABPV), but was not correlated with OBP. The AER, PWV and IMT were significantly correlated with systolic HBP. In a binary logistic regression analysis, systolic HBP was only predictor of LVMI(p=0.003) and systolic HBP, systolic 24hrs ABP and systolic HBPV were significant predictors of PWV(HBP; p=0.001, ABP; p=0.027, HBPV; p=0.036). Also, systolic HBP was independent predictor of AER and PWV by multiple regression analysis(AER; p=0.004, PWV; p=0.009). Conclusion: Our data suggest that ABP and HBP measurements are closely related to hypertension-induced target organ damage as assessed by LVMI, AER and PWV. Therefore, ABP and HBP measurements using BP variability as well as mean BP may give additive information for the prediction of cardiovascular target organ damage in hypertension.
Published: 2009
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13. Effectiveness and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Valsartan and Rosuvastatin (Rovatitan® Tablet) in Patients with Concomitant Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia: An Observational Study

Author: Kwang Je Lee, Jae-Kean Ryu, Yun-Hyeong Cho, Won Yong Shin, Jeong Su Kim, Young Won Yoon, Ji Yong Jang, Won Ho Kim, Jong Wook Beom, and Seok-Min Kang
Subjects: Pharmacology, Drug Design, Development and Therapy, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science
Abstract: Kwang Je Lee,1 Jae-Kean Ryu,2 Yun-Hyeong Cho,3 Won Yong Shin,4 Jeong Su Kim,5 Young Won Yoon,6 Ji Yong Jang,7 Won Ho Kim,8 Jong Wook Beom,9 Seok-Min Kang10 On behalf of LG-VROS001 STUDY INVESTIGATOR GROUP1Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea; 3Cardiovascular Center, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea; 4Department of Cardiology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital Cheonan, Cheonan, Korea; 5Cardiovascular Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 7Department of Cardiology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea; 8Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea; 9Department of Cardiology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea; 10Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaCorrespondence: Seok-Min Kang, Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Tel +82 2-2647-3225, Email SMKANG@yuhs.acPurpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a fixed-dose combination of rosuvastatin and valsartan (RovatitanÂ®) in Korean patients with concomitant hypertension and hyperlipidemia.Patients and Methods: A total of 1008 eligible patients with concomitant hypertension and hyperlipidemia were enrolled and treated for 12 weeks. Both upward and downward drug dose titrations were allowed based on the investigatorâs discretion. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the study drug, defined by the percentage of patients achieving the blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment targets. Additionally, regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the factors associated with the effectiveness and safety of the study drug. Of the 1008 patients enrolled in the study, 911 were analyzed for clinical effectiveness.Results: At 12 weeks, 84.6% and 75.9% of patients treated with the study drug achieved their BP and LDL-C targets, respectively, and 64.8% of patients achieved both targets simultaneously. Furthermore, the percentage of patients who achieved their BP and LDL-C treatment targets demonstrated a trend across the respective risk groups; the higher the risk group, the lower the success of attaining the respective target. This trend was also observed regardless of the prior antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering treatments. According to regression analysis, poor metabolic profiles, including a higher body mass index (BMI) and higher BP and LDL-C levels at baseline, were significantly associated with treatment failure for BP. Among the 1005 patients included in the safety analysis, 17 patients (1.7%) experienced serious adverse events; however, none were considered related to the study drug.Conclusion: The study drug used for the treatment of concomitant hypertension and hyperlipidemia in a real-world setting was effective and was well tolerated. Therefore, the study drug is suggested as a good alternative to increase patient convenience and compliance, particularly in those taking multiple medications.Keywords: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, rosuvastatin, valsartan, effectiveness, safety
Published: 2023

14. Optical Coherence Tomography--Guided or Intravascular Ultrasound--Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The OCTIVUS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: Do-Yoon Kang, Jung-Min Ahn, Sung-Cheol Yun, Seung-Ho Hur, Yun-Kyeong Cho, Cheol Hyun Lee, Soon Jun Hong, Subin Lim, Sang-Wook Kim, Hoyoun Won, Jun-Hyok Oh, Jeong Cheon Choe, Young Joon Hong, Yong-Hoon Yoon, Hoyun Kim, Yeonwoo Choi, Jinho Lee, Young Won Yoon, Soo-Joong Kim, and Jang-Ho Bae
Published: 2023
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15. Effect of sarcomere and mitochondria-related mutations on myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Author: Bum-Kee Hong, Kyung A. Lee, Pil-Ki Min, Chul Hwan Park, Byoung Kwon Lee, Tae Hoon Kim, Se-Joong Rim, Yoonjung Kim, Jong Youn Kim, Hyemoon Chung, Eui-Young Choi, Hyuck Moon Kwon, and Young Won Yoon
Subjects: Adult, Male, Sarcomeres, medicine.medical_specialty, Mitochondrial DNA, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, DNA Mutational Analysis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Sarcomere gene mutation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, Sarcomere, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Myocardial fibrosis, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, Angiology, Phenocopy, Mutation, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Research, Myocardium, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Fibrosis, Echocardiography, Doppler, Mitochondria, Phenotype, lcsh:RC666-701, Case-Control Studies, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background Myocardial fibrosis is an important prognostic factor in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the contribution from a wide spectrum of genetic mutations has not been well defined. We sought to investigate effect of sarcomere and mitochondria-related mutations on myocardial fibrosis in HCM. Methods In 133 HCM patients, comprehensive genetic analysis was performed in 82 nuclear DNA (33 sarcomere-associated genes, 5 phenocopy genes, and 44 nuclear genes linked to mitochondrial cardiomyopathy) and 37 mitochondrial DNA. In all patients, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed, including 16-segmental thickness, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native and post-T1, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and T2, along with echo-Doppler evaluations. Results Patients with sarcomere mutation (SM, n = 41) had higher LGE involved segment, % LGE mass, ECV and lower post-T1 compared to patients without SM (n = 92, all p 0.05). However, MM group did not have significantly higher ECV or LGE amount than non-mutation group. Conclusions SMs are significantly related to increase in myocardial fibrosis. Although, some HCM patients had pathogenic MMs, it was not associated with an increase in myocardial fibrosis.
Published: 2021

16. Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI): The K-TAVI Registry.

Author: Sang Yoon Lee, Ki Hong Choi, Taek Kyu Park, Jihoon Kim, Eun Kyoung Kim, Sung-Ji Park, Seung Woo Park, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Kiyuk Chang, Cheol Woong Yu, JuHan Kim, Young Jin Choi, In-Ho Chae, Jae-Hwan Lee, Jun-Hong Kim, Jong Seon Park, Won-Jang Kim, Young Won Yoon, Tae Hoon Ahn, and Sang Rok Lee
Abstract: Purpose: The incidence and prognostic implications of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are controversial, especially for Korean patients. Furthermore, the pattern of antithrombotic therapy for these patients is unknown. The present study sought to identify the impact of AF on Korean patients undergoing TAVI and demonstrate the status of antithrombotic therapy for these patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 660 patients who underwent TAVI for severe AS were recruited from the nationwide K-TAVI registry in Korea. The enrolled patients were stratified into sinus rhythm (SR) and AF groups. The primary endpoint was all-cause death at 1-year. Results: AF was recorded in 135 patients [pre-existing AF 108 (16.4%) and new-onset AF 27 (4.1%)]. The rate of all-cause death at 1 year was significantly higher in patients with AF than in those with SR [16.2% vs. 6.4%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 2.207, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.182–4.120, p=0.013], regardless of the onset timing of AF. The rate of new pacemaker insertion at 1 year was also significantly higher in patients with AF than in those with SR (14.0% vs. 5.5%, adjusted HR: 3.137, 95%CI: 1.621–6.071, p=0.001). Among AF patients, substantial number of patients received the combination of multiple antithrombotic agents (77.8%), and the most common combination was that of aspirin and clopidogrel (38.1%). Conclusion: AF was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality and new pacemaker insertion in Korean patients undergoing TAVI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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17. Comparison of optical coherence tomography–guided versus intravascular ultrasound–guided percutaneous coronary intervention: Rationale and design of a randomized, controlled OCTIVUS trial

Author: Soo-Jin Kang, Seung Ho Hur, Hanbit Park, Seong-Wook Park, Sang Wook Kim, Cheol Hyun Lee, Seung-Jung Park, Do-Yoon Kang, Young-Hak Kim, Seung-Whan Lee, Jung-Min Ahn, Soon Jun Hong, Jun-Hyok Oh, Yun-Kyeong Cho, Jang Ho Bae, Duk-Woo Park, Young Joon Hong, Soo-Joong Kim, Pil Hyung Lee, and Young Won Yoon
Subjects: Male, Comparative Effectiveness Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Comparative effectiveness research, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intravascular ultrasound, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Drug-Eluting Stents, Middle Aged, Coronary Vessels, Clinical trial, surgical procedures, operative, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Conventional PCI, Female, Risk Adjustment, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract: Background The clinical value of intracoronary imaging for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) guidance is well acknowledged. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are the most commonly used intravascular imaging to guide and optimize PCI in day-to-day practice. However, the comparative effectiveness of IVUS-guided versus OCT-guided PCI with respect to clinical end points remains unknown. Methods and design The OCTIVUS study is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, parallel-arm, randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of 2 imaging-guided strategies in patients with stable angina or acute coronary syndromes undergoing PCI in Korea. A total of 2,000 patients are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either an OCT-guided PCI strategy or an IVUS-guided PCI strategy. The trial uses a pragmatic comparative effectiveness design with inclusion criteria designed to capture a broad range of real-world patients with diverse clinical and anatomical features. PCI optimization criteria are predefined using a common algorithm for online OCT or IVUS. The primary end point, which was tested for both noninferiority (margin, 3.1 percentage points for the risk difference) and superiority, is target-vessel failure (cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target-vessel revascularization) at 1 year. Results Up to the end of July 2020, approximately 1,200 "real-world" PCI patients have been randomly enrolled over 2 years. Enrollment is expected to be completed around the midterm of 2021, and primary results will be available by late 2022 or early 2023. Conclusion This large-scale, multicenter, pragmatic-design clinical trial will provide valuable clinical evidence on the relative efficacy and safety of OCT-guided versus IVUS-guided PCI strategies in a broad population of patients undergoing PCI in the daily clinical practice.
Published: 2020
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18. Burden of premature ventricular contractions beyond nonsustained ventricular tachycardia is related to the myocardial extracellular space expansion in patients with hypertrophic‐cardiomyopathy

Author: Bum-Kee Hong, Chul Hwan Park, Eui-Young Choi, Hyemoon Chung, Se-Joong Rim, Young Won Yoon, Kyung A. Lee, Byoung Kwon Lee, Pil-Ki Min, Tae Hoon Kim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Yoonjung Kim, and Jong Youn Kim
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Investigations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, hypertrophic‐cardiomyopathy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gene mutation, Ventricular tachycardia, Risk Assessment, Sudden cardiac death, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, medicine, Extracellular, Humans, In patient, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, business.industry, Incidence, Myocardium, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, General Medicine, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Ventricular Premature Complexes, late gadolinium enhancement, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, myocardial fibrosis, Female, Myocardial fibrosis, premature ventricular contraction, Extracellular Space, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Although nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic‐cardiomyopathy (HCM), the impact of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) burden, in the absence of NSVT, is not well‐known. Hypothesis PVC burden may be associated with myocardial fibrosis and genetic mutations in patients with HCM. Methods Of the 212 patients prospectively enrolled to the HCM registry of genetics, 84 were evaluated with both cardiac magnetic resonance, 24‐hour Holter monitoring and genetic analysis. Among them, 71 patients have not been diagnosed with NSVT. Results Patients with NSVT (n = 13) had a higher late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) amount, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and prevalence of sarcomere mutations compared with patients without NSVT. Among patients without NSVT, those with LGE (n = 46) had a higher total PVC (109 ± 332 vs 7 ± 13, P = .003) and PVC burden (0.114 ± 0.225 vs 0.008 ± 0.014%, P = .003) during 24‐hour Holter monitoring compared with others. The %LGE and global ECV were correlated with PVC burden (r = 0.377, P = .001; r = 0.401, P = .001). The optimal cutoff value for PVC number for LGE was 45 (37.0% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively) with 0.733 of the area under the receiver operating characteristic‐curve (P
Published: 2020
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19. Differential contributions of sarcomere and mitochondria-related multigene variants to the endophenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Author: Yoonjung Kim, Young Won Yoon, Pil-Ki Min, Kyung A. Lee, Chul Hwan Park, Se-Joong Rim, Byoung Kwon Lee, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Tae Hoon Kim, Bum-Kee Hong, Ho-Joon Lee, Eui-Young Choi, Woo Shik Kim, Sun Mi Cho, Sang Hak Lee, Jong Youn Kim, and Hyemoon Chung
Subjects: Male, Sarcomeres, 0301 basic medicine, Mitochondrial DNA, Nuclear gene, Endophenotypes, macromolecular substances, Biology, Mitochondria, Heart, Mitochondrial Proteins, TNNI3, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, cardiovascular diseases, Mutation frequency, Molecular Biology, Genetic Association Studies, Aged, Phenocopy, Genetics, Myosin Heavy Chains, Troponin I, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Cell Biology, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Mutation, cardiovascular system, Molecular Medicine, Female, MYH7, Carrier Proteins, Cardiac Myosins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a multigenic disease that occurs due to various genetic modifiers. We investigated phenotype-based clinical and genetic characteristics of HCM patients using comprehensive genetic tests and rare variant association analysis.A comprehensive HCM-specific panel, consisting of 82 nuclear DNAs (nDNAs: 33 sarcomere-associated genes, 5 phenocopy genes, and 44 nuclear genes linked to mitochondrial cardiomyopathy) and 37 mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs), was analyzed. Rare variant analysis was performed to determine the association of specific genes with different phenotypes.Among the 212 patients, pathogenic variants in sarcomere-associated genes were more prevalent in non-apical HCM (41.4%, 46/111; P = 0.001) than apical HCM (20.8%, 21/101). Apical HCM exhibits mild phenotypes than non-apical HCM, and it showed fewer numbers of sarcomere mutations than non-apical HCM. Interestingly, inverted mutation frequency of TNNI3 (35%) and MYH7 (9%) was observed in apical HCM. In a rare variant analysis, MT-RNR2 positively correlated with apical HCM (OR: 1.37, P = 0.025). And, MYBPC3 (sarcomere gene) negatively contributed to apical HCM (OR: 0.54, P = 0.027). On the other hand, both pathogenic mutation (P 0.05) and rare variants in sarcomere-associated genes (OR: 2.78-3.47, P 0.05) were related to diastolic dysfunction and left atrium remodeling, which correlated with poor prognosis in HCM patients.Our results provide a clue towards explaining the difference between the prevalence and phenotype of apical HCM in Asian populations, and a foundation for genetics-based approaches that may enable individualized risk stratification for HCM patients.
Published: 2020
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20. Quantitative coronary angiography versus intravascular ultrasound guidance for drug-eluting stent implantation (GUIDE-DES): study protocol for a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial

Author: Pil Hyung Lee, Soon Jun Hong, Hyun-Sook Kim, Young won Yoon, Jong-Young Lee, Seung-Jin Oh, Soo-Jin Kang, Young-Hak Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Whan Lee, and Cheol Whan Lee
Subjects: Drug-Eluting Stents, General Medicine, Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine, Coronary Angiography, ischaemic heart disease, surgical procedures, operative, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Medicine, coronary intervention, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract: IntroductionAngiography remains the gold standard for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it is prone to suboptimal stent results due to the visual estimation of coronary measurements. Although the benefit of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI is becoming increasingly recognised, IVUS is not affordable for many catheterisation laboratories. Thus, a more practical and standardised angiography-based approach is necessary to support stent implantation.Methods and analysisThe Quantitative Coronary Angiography versus Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance for Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation trial is a randomised, investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial comparing the quantitative coronary angiography (QCA)-guided PCI strategy with IVUS-guided PCI in all-comer patients with significant coronary artery disease. A novel, standardised, QCA-based PCI protocol for the QCA-guided group will be provided to all participating operators, while the PCI optimisation criteria will be predefined for both strategies. A total of 1528 patients will be randomised to either group at a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint is the 12-month cumulative incidence of target-lesion failure defined as a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction or ischaemia-driven target-lesion revascularisation. Clinical follow-up assessments are scheduled at 1, 6 and 12 months for all patients enrolled in the study.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (no. 2017-0060). Informed consent will be obtained from every participant. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journal articles and disseminated through public forums and academic conference presentations. Cost-effectiveness and secondary imaging analyses will be shared in secondary papers.Trial registration numberNCT02978456.
Published: 2022

21. Comparison of risk profiles for new-onset atrial fibrillation between patients aged60 and ≥60 years

Author: Bum-Kee Hong, Jong Youn Kim, Se-Joong Rim, Eui-Young Choi, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, In Soo Kim, Yeon-Jik Choi, and Byoung Kwon Lee
Subjects: Male, Pulmonology, Epidemiology, Physiology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Body Mass Index, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Medical Conditions, Risk Factors, Atrial Fibrillation, Chronic Kidney Disease, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Public and Occupational Health, Age of Onset, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Alcohol Consumption, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, Age Factors, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, Stroke, Physiological Parameters, Cardiovascular Diseases, Nephrology, Cohort, Hypertension, Female, Arrhythmia, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Population, Cardiology, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, Renal Diseases, Humans, Obesity, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, education, Aged, Nutrition, Heart Failure, business.industry, Body Weight, Biology and Life Sciences, Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Disease Risk, medicine.disease, Diet, Heart failure, Medical Risk Factors, business, Body mass index, Kidney disease
Abstract: Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) has a heterogeneous pathophysiology according to individual patient characteristics. This study aimed to identify the effects of widely known risk factors on AF incidence according to age and to elucidate the clinical implications of these effects. Methods and results We analyzed data from 501,668 subjects (≥18years old) without AF and valvular heart disease from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The total population was divided into two groups according to age, 2; hazard ratio[HR] 1.37 [1.22–1.55], p Conclusion The risk profile for new-onset AF was somewhat different between the
Published: 2021

22. Effect of Renal and Left Ventricular Function on Serial Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Changes after Device Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

Author: Eui-Young Choi, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Young Won Yoon, Jong Youn Kim, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Pil-Ki Min, In Soo Kim, and Chul S. Shin
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac Catheterization, Percutaneous, Article Subject, Septal Occluder Device, Diastole, Renal function, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pulmonary arterial pressure, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial, 03 medical and health sciences, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pulmonary Wedge Pressure, Renal Insufficiency, Ejection fraction, Ventricular function, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Preload, Treatment Outcome, RC666-701, Cardiology, Female, Risk Adjustment, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background: The age of candidates for device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) has been increasing. Thus, concerns exist about dyspnea aggravation or atrial fibrillation development after device closure due to augmentation of left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) preload. This study aimed to examine patterns and determinants of serial pulmonary arterial pressure and left ventricular filling pressure changes after device closure of ASD. Methods: Among the 86 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous device closure of ASD, those without pre- or post-procedural Doppler data and end-stage renal disease were excluded. The clinical, transesophageal, and transthoracic echocardiographic findings of 78 patients were collected at baseline, one day post-procedure, and one year follow-up. Results: The mean age of study patients was 49.8 ± 15.0 years and the average maximal defect diameter and device size was 20.2 ± 6.0 mm and 23.8 ± 6.4 mm. Some patients (n = 21; 27%) exhibited paradoxically increased tricuspid regurgitant velocity (TRV) one-day post-procedure; they also were older with lower e’, glomerular filtration rate, and LV ejection fraction and a higher LA volume index. However, even in these patients, TRV deceased below baseline levels one-year later. Both E/e’ (9.0 ± 3.5 vs. 11.4 ± 4.3; p < 0.001) and LA volume index significantly increased immediately after device closure, but all decreased one-year later. Larger defect size and higher TRV were significantly correlated with immediate E/e’ elevation. Conclusion: In older, renal, diastolic and systolic dysfunctional patients with larger LA, scheduled for larger device implantation, peri-interventional preload reduction therapy would be beneficial.
Published: 2021

23. Outcomes and Associated Factors of Discrepant Coronary and Carotid Atherosclerosis

Author: Hyoeun Kim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Eui-Young Choi, Jong Youn Kim, Se-Joong Rim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Bum-Kee Hong, and Byoung Kwon Lee
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Carotid Stenosis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Common carotid artery, Pulse wave velocity, Ultrasonography, Smoking, Carotid ultrasonography, Age Factors, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Stroke, Cardiovascular Diseases, Echocardiography, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Blood Flow Velocity, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulse Wave Analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Vascular Stiffness, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Ankle Brachial Index, cardiovascular diseases, Angina, Unstable, Mortality, Aged, Dyslipidemias, Retrospective Studies, Heart Failure, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Heart failure, Arterial stiffness, business
Abstract: Some patients exhibit discrepancies in carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis. This study aimed to define the characteristics and prognosis of these discrepant patients and determine the best strategy to detect pan-vascular atherosclerosis. A database of 5,022 consecutively registered patients who underwent both coronary angiography and carotid ultrasonography, along with clinical and blood laboratory tests, echocardiography, and pulse wave velocity (PWV), was analyzed. The development of cerebro-cardiovascular (CV) events during the follow-up period was also evaluated. A significant proportion of patients (n = 1,741, 35%) presented with a discrepancy between carotid artery plaque and coronary artery disease (CAD). In patients without carotid plaque, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-2.41; P = 0.003), older age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P = 0.002), smoking history (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13-2.20; P = 0.008), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) -cholesterol level (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.98; P < 0.001), and lower common carotid artery end-diastolic velocity (CCA-EDV) (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P = 0.005) were independently related to the presence of CAD. In patients without CAD, increased PWV was independently related to the presence of carotid plaque. In survival analysis, patients with isolated CAD had a higher probability of composite CV events; those with isolated carotid plaque had a higher probability of heart failure (HF) and mortality than their counterpart groups (P < 0.05). Even in patients without carotid artery plaque, careful coronary evaluation is needed in older or male patients with smoking history, lower HDL-cholesterol level, or lower CCA-EDV. Carotid plaque may be a potential risk factor for HF.
Published: 2020

24. Contribution of Sarcomere Gene Mutations to Left Atrial Function in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Author: Eui-Young Choi, Young Won Yoon, Bum-Kee Hong, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Hyemoon Chung, Kyung A. Lee, Chul Hwan Park, Byoung Kwon Lee, Tae Hoon Kim, Jong Youn Kim, Yoonjung Kim, Se-Joong Rim, Pil-Ki Min, and In Soo Kim
Subjects: Male, Sarcomeres, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, medicine.medical_specialty, DNA Mutational Analysis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Genetic mutation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gene mutation, Sarcomere, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Mass index, Heart Atria, cardiovascular diseases, Myopathy, Left atrial function, 030304 developmental biology, Angiology, 0303 health sciences, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Research, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Reproducibility of Results, DNA, General Medicine, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Echocardiography, lcsh:RC666-701, Ventricle, Mutation, Cardiology, Atrial Function, Left, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background Left atrial (LA) enlargement and dysfunction are related to clinical course in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to investigate genetic contribution to LA structural and functional remodeling. Methods Two hundred twelve patients were consecutively enrolled, and echocardiography and extensive genetic analysis were performed. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed in 135 patients. Echocardiography was also performed in controls (n = 30). Results Patients with HCM had lower late-diastolic mitral annular velocity (a’) and higher LA volume index (LAVI) than controls. Patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere gene mutations (PSM, n = 67, 32%) had higher LAVI and lower CMR-derived LA total emptying fraction (37.0 ± 18.5 vs. 44.2 ± 12.4%, p = 0.025). In patients without AF (n = 187), the PSM had lower a’ (6.9 ± 2.0 vs. 7.8 ± 1.9 cm/s, p = 0.004) than others. The PSM had higher prevalence and amount of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the left ventricle (LV). In multivariate analysis, PSM was significantly related to lower a’ independent of E/e’, LV mass index, and LAVI. However, the relation significantly attenuated after adjustment for the extent of LGE in the LV, suggesting common myopathy in the LV and LA. In addition, PSM was significantly related to lower LA total emptying fraction independent of age, E/e’, s’, LV ejection fraction, LV myocardial global longitudinal strain and %LGE mass. Conclusions PSM was related to LA dysfunction independent of LV filling pressure and LAVI, suggesting its contribution to atrial myopathy in HCM.
Published: 2020
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25. Electrocardiography based prediction of hypertrophy pattern and fibrosis amount in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: comparative study with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Author: Pil-Ki Min, Eui-Young Choi, Chul Hwan Park, Jong Youn Kim, Yoonjung Kim, Kyung A. Lee, Se-Joong Rim, Hyemoon Chung, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Bum-Kee Hong, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, and Tae Hoon Kim
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Contrast Media, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Muscle hypertrophy, Electrocardiography, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Fibrosis, Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, LV hypertrophy, Cardiac imaging, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Myocardium, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Gold standard (test), Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Although, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a gold standard for risk stratification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), is limited in some situations. We sought to evaluate the predictive power of quantitative electrocardiography in assessing hypertrophy pattern and fibrosis in HCM. Eighty-eight patients with HCM were studied. Voltage of R–S–T waves, number of fragmented QRS (fQRS) complexes, and T wave morphology were measured by 12-lead electrocardiography. Sixteen segmental thickness, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native T1, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and T2, left ventricular (LV) mass and %LGE were measured by CMR. Patterns of LV hypertrophy were classified as pure apical, mixed, or asymmetrical septal hypertrophy. Positive and negative predictive values of biphasic T wave for pure apical type were 70.4 and 63.9%, and the predictive values of precordial negative T wave sums $$>$$ 12.5 mm were 69.2 and 79.6%. Precordial S waves, especially Cornell voltage index, were significantly correlated to LV mass index and maximal thickness (p $$\hspace{0.17em}$$ 5% of LGE mass with 58% sensitivity and 63% specificity (p = 0.049, area under the curve = 0.627). However, degree of correlation between maximal thickness and precordial S was poor in cases with fQRS more two leads. T wave morphology and precordial S helps discriminate hypertrophy pattern and maximal hypertrophy, however, in cases with more than two leads of concomitant fQRS, CMR defines fibrosis amount and hypertrophy more accurately.
Published: 2018
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26. Impact of aortic atheroma and distensibility on diastolic function and prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke

Author: Eui-Young Choi, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Se-Joong Rim, Bum-Kee Hong, Byoung Kwon Lee, Young Won Yoon, Pil-Ki Min, Jong-Youn Kim, Kyung Yul Lee, Yo Han Jung, In-Soo Kim, and Dae-Young Kim
Subjects: Heart Failure, Male, diastolic function, Stroke Volume, General Medicine, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Ventricular Function, Left, body regions, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, RC666-701, cardiovascular system, ischemic stroke, aortic atheroma, Humans, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Female, cardiovascular diseases, prognosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Aorta
Abstract: Background: Patients with ischemic stroke are vulnerable to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) because these conditions share common risk factors. Although evaluation of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and proximal descending thoracic aorta is an essential step to determine the source of the causative embolism, the relationship between the degree of aortic atheroma and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function has not been extensively investigated. Methods: We analyzed the transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography in ischemic stroke patients. Patients with previous coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease of more than moderate degree, and an LV ejection fraction of less than 50% were excluded. The relationships between the grade of the aortic atheroma, aortic stiffness indexes, and diastolic functional indexes were evaluated. Results: In 295 patients, the atheroma grade was significantly correlated with aortic stiffness index, ratio of mitral annular and inflow velocities (E/e’), left atrial volume index, and LV diastolic elastance. With further adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left atrial volume index, and LV mass index, the significance of the atheroma grade was attenuated. In the subgroup analysis, the atheroma grade was significantly and independently related to E/e’ in women (β = 0.181, p = 0.032), but not in men. However, atheroma grade was not associated with poor clinical outcomes in either sex. Conclusions: Aortic atheroma grade was significantly and independently related to LV diastolic function, especially in women. This suggests that aortic atheroma is an index of arterial stiffness and a potential risk factor for HFpEF through ventricular-vascular interactions, especially in women.
Published: 2022
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27. Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author: Hertzel C Gerstein, Helen M Colhoun, Gilles R Dagenais, Rafael Diaz, Mark Lakshmanan, Prem Pais, Jeffrey Probstfield, Fady T Botros, Matthew C Riddle, Lars Rydén, Denis Xavier, Charles Messan Atisso, Leanne Dyal, Stephanie Hall, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Gloria Wong, Alvaro Avezum, Jan Basile, Namsik Chung, Ignacio Conget, William C Cushman, Edward Franek, Nicolae Hancu, Markolf Hanefeld, Shaun Holt, Petr Jansky, Matyas Keltai, Fernando Lanas, Lawrence A Leiter, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Ernesto German Cardona Munoz, Valdis Pirags, Nana Pogosova, Peter J Raubenheimer, Jonathan E Shaw, Wayne H-H Sheu, Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Mercedes Abella, Andrea Alebuena, Sandra Almagro, Eduardo Amoroso, Paula Anadon, Elizabeth Andreu, Guillermo Aristimuño, Maria Arzadun, Maria Barbieri, Raul Barcudi, Ines Bartolacci, Gabriel Bolobanich, Anselmo Bordonava, Miguel Bustamante Labarta, Betina Bustos, Alberto Caccavo, Alejandra Camino, Maria Cantero, Maria Carignano, Luis Cartasegna, Marcela Cipullo, Víctor Commendatore, Victoria Conosciuto, Osvaldo Costamagna, Claudia Crespo, Jose Cuello, Carlos Cuneo, Sandra Cusimano, Sofia Dean, Claudio Dituro, Andrea Dominguez, Miguel Farah, Alberto Fernandez, Florencia Fernandez, Adriana Ferrari, Patricia Flammia, Jose Fuentealba, Karina Beatriz Gallardo, Celso Garcia, Ruben Garcia Duran, Marcelo Garrido, Rodolfo Gavicola, Claudio Gerbaudo, Graciela Gilli, Ana Paula Giotto, Pedro Godoy Bolzán, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Fernando Guerlloy, Cristian Guridi, Narcisa Gutierrez Garrido, Eduardo Hasbani, Sonia Hermida, Miguel Hominal, Adrian Hrabar, Adrián Ingaramo, Alejandra Izzicupo, Mario Krynski, Mariana Lagrutta, Paulina Lanchiotti, Maria Langhe, Veronica Leonard, Javier Llanos, Ricardo Lopez Santi, Jorge Lowenstein, Cecilia Luquez, Ignacio Mackinnon, Melina Mana, Sara Manzur, Javier Marino, Carolina Martella, Roger Martinez, Re Matias, Javier Matkovich, Monica Meritano, Oscar Montaña, María Mulazzi, Juan Ochoa, Gustavo Paterlini, María Pelagagge, Maria Elena Peralta Lopez, Aldo Prado, Lorena Pruyas, Martín Racca, Carola Ricotti, Carolina Rodriguez, Mariano Romero Vidomlansky, Ricardo Ronderos, Ana Laura Sadowski, Jorgelina Sala, Alejandro Sánchez, Andrea Santoro, Lilia Schiavi, Mariano Sein, Virginia Sernia, Leonardo Serra, Maximiliano Sicer, Tomas Smith, Leonardo Soso, Georgina Sposetti, Andrea Steinacher, Jorge Stival, Jorge Tedesco, Hugo Tonin, Mauro Tortolo, Maria Ulla, Julio Vallejos, Marisa Vico, Luciana Virgillito, Virginia Visco, Daniel Vogel, Florencia Waisman, César Zaidman, Noemi Zucchiatti, Imran Badshah, Neale Cohen, Peter Colman, David Colquhoun, Timothy Davis, Spiros Fourlanos, Greg Fulcher, Jane Hamlyn, Cilla Haywood, Samantha Hocking, Maeve Huchinson, William Jeffries, Mervyn Kyl, Clement Lo, PeakMann Mah, Ashley Makepeace, Dolly Marope, Natalie Nanayakkar, Alison Nankervis, Neil Palmer, Barbara Palolus, Satish Pillai, Sarah Price, Joseph Proietto, Anne Reutens, Natassia Rodrigo, Abdul Sheikh, Greg Smith, Michelle So, Georgia Soldatos, Bronwyn Stuckey, Priya Sumithran, Helena Teede, Parind Vora, Lyn Williams, Eduardo Abib, Christiani Adão Poço, Érica Ferreira Alves, Janaina Andreatta Bernardi Barea, Livia Avezum Oliveira, Denise Ludovico da Costa de Castro, Ivan Correa da Cruz, Midiã Costa, Ivan Cruz, Sidney Cunha, Marco Antonio Vieira Da Silva, Renata de Carvalho Camara Bona, Bruna de Paula, Freddy Eliaschewitz, Guilherme Fazolli, Carlos Alberto Ferreira Filho, Jose Fortes, Cesar França, Denise Reis Franco, Paulo Roberto Genestreti, Flavio Giorgeto, Rodrigo Marques Gonçalves, Michele Elka Grossman, Ana Claudia Henrique Marcelino, Mauro Hernandes, Ana Horta, Cristiano Jaeger, Midia Kaneblai, Cecilia Kauffman Rutenberg, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Maria Angelica Lemos, Lilia Maia, Euler Roberto Manenti, Mariana Marques, Cynthia Melissa Valerio, Rodrigo Moreira, Flávia Mothé, Osana Maria Mouco, Philip Moura, José Carlos Moura Jorge, Carlos Nakashima, Marcelo Nakazone, Thiago Napoli, Cristiane Nunes, Joao Eduardo Nunes Salles, Karla Oliveira, Marcela Oliveira, Gracielly de Souza Pantano, Fabio Petri, Leonardo Piazza, Andreia Carla Pires, Patricia Pizzato, Sergio Prata, Dalton Precoma, Rafael Rech, Gilmar Reis, Heleno Reis, Elisabete Resende, Jose Ribas Fortes, Sylka Rodovalho, Fabio Rossi dos Santos, Joao Eduardo Salles, Célia Regina Sampaio, Thiago Santos, Vanessa Santos dos Santos, Tulio Silva e Quadros, Daniel Silveira, Katia Nunes Siqueira, M Teireira, Marcelo Uehara, C Valerio, Henrique Vianna, Maria Helena Vidotti, Guilherme de Lima Visconti, Maria Teresa Zanella, Viktoriya Andreeva, Radoslav Borisov, Nikolay Botushanov, Georgi Dimitrov, Kameliya Dimova, Tsvetan Dragoychev, Valentina Grigorova, Valentina Gushterova, Ivaylo Ivanov, Tatyana Kocelova, Dimo Kurktschiev, Milena Miletieva, Neli Nenkova-Gugusheva, Ralitsa Pancheva, Maria Pavlova, Dimitar Raev, Vesela Spasova, Anastas Stoikov, Dimitar Troev, Todor Yanev, Mariana Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Alexander Abitbol, Buki Ajala, Abdullh Alguwaihes, Jean-Luc Ardilouze, Nahla Aris-Jilwan, Amel Arnaout, Ronnie Aronson, Nadeem Aslam, Sandra Babin, Jean-Patrice Bailargeon, Allan Bailey, Harpreet Bajaj, Christian Beauchesne, Sorin Beca, Andre Belanger, Alan Bell, Diego Bellabarba, Lori Berard, Brian Berenbaum, Vincent Bergeron, Joseph Berlingieri, Frédéric Bernier, Phoebe Bishara, David Blank, Ian Blumer, Suzanne Brault, Donald Breton, André Carpentier, James Cha, Prakash Chandra, Jean-Louis Chiasson, James R Conway, Ghyslaine Couture, Nathalie Couture, Gilles Dagenais, Dyotirmoy Datta, Giuseppe D'Ignazio, Richard Dumas, Didier Fay, Andre Frechette, Louise Frenette, Daisy Fung, Nathalie Gagnon, Meri Galter, Jean Garon, Jean Sebastien Gauthier, Christian Geadah, Jeremy Gilbert, Ronald Girard, Ronald Goldenberg, Loren David Grossman, Nikhil Gupta, Jean-Pierre Halle, Marie-France Hivert, Ghislaine Houde, Robyn Houlden, Irene Hramiak, Ted Jablonski, Akshay Jain Jain, Hasnain Khandwala, Munish Khosla, C Lachance, Emilie Laflamme, Marie-France Langlois, Luc Larivee, Joanne Liutkus, Heather Lochnan, Saleem Malik, Charlotte McDonald, Pravinsagar Mehta, John Mihailidis, Alain Milot, Priya Narula, Patrice Nault, Arun Nayar, William Nisker, Gilles Ouellet, Jean Palardy, Minta Patel, Terri Paul, Sue Pedersen, Patrice Perron, Marie-Hélène Pesant, Paul Poirier, Marie-Claude Poulin, Zubin Punthakee, Waheed Rehman, Stuart Ross, P Sagar, Nouhad Saliba, Sam Sandler, Alicia Schiffrin, Robert Schlosser, Anila Seth-Sharma, Mark Sherman, David Sionit, Tharsan Sivakumar, Juan Soto, Eric St-Amour, Oren Steen, Jack Sussman, Adam Telner, Sheldon Tobe, David-Yaw Twum-Barima, Audrey Van Zanten, Nicole VanRossum, Jonathan Vecchiarelli, Rick Ward, John Wessengel, Stanley Weisnagel, Igor Wilderman, Vincent Woo, Natalia Yakubovich, Jean-Francois Yale, Zeina Yared, Monica Acevedo, Maria Loreto Aguirre, Andres Aizman, Maria Soledad Barroso, Leonardo Cobos, Alfredo Danin Vargas, Barbara Descalzi, Gonzalo Godoy, Elio Grumberg, Rodolfo Lahsen, Gladys Larenas, Eugenia Ortiz, Javier Paredes, Sergio Potthoff, Eva Retamal, Luis Rojas, Manuel Salgado, Claudio Santibanez, Carmen Solis, Benjamin Stokins, Jose Accini, Javier Acebedo, Lina Maria Agudelo Baena, Soraya Alarcon, Juliana Angel, Edgar Arcos, M Aroca Martinez, Leonor Atuesta, Jose Balaguera, Doris Ballestas, Sandra Isabel Barrera, Rosmy Barrios Reyes, Adolfo Bayona, Andres Bermudez, Diego Zarate Bernal, Marco Blanquicett, Victor Bravo, Wendy Bueno, Alvaro Burbano Delgado, Alberto Cadena, Andres Cadena, Sandra Caicedo, Carlos Celemin, Ricardo Consuegra, Cristhian Contreras Pimienta, Kelly Johenis Corredor, Carlos Cure, Lizeth Dayana De La Hoz Rueda, Erika Delgado, Sarahy Diaz, Marta Diego, Anabell Donado, William Encinales Sanabria, Juliana Escobar, Gillian Escorcia, Leonardo Forero, Laura Fuentes, Maria Garcia, Henry Garcia Lozada, Luis Garcia Ortiz, Angela Giraldo, Laura Gomez Gonzalez, Javier Granada, Corina Gutierrez, Natalia Henao, Edwin Hernandez, Olga Maria Herrera Uejbe, Juan Diego Higuera Cobos, Jaime Ibarra Gómez, Edwin Hernandez Jaimes, Monica Jaramillo, Nicolas Jaramillo, Carlos Jaramillo Gomez, Monica Jaramillo Sanchez, Ivonne Jarava Durán, Catalina Lopez Ceballos, Claudia Madrid, Elias María Amastha, Jennifer Mercado, Dora Ines Molina, Jessica Molina Soto, Carlos Montoya, Alexander Morales, Carolina Muñoz, Luis Alejandro Orozco, Oscar Osorio, Jorge Mario Palmera Sanchez, Adwar Peña, Jose Perez, Juan Perez Agudelo, Germán Pérez Amador, Carlos Pertuz, Irina Posada, Carlos Puerta, Adalberto Quintero, Diana Quiroz, Carmen Rendon, Alberto Reyes, Alvaro Reyes, Diana Ripoll, Carlos Rivera, Maria Rocha, Jose F Rodriguez, Kervis Asid Rodriguez Villanueva, Javier Emilio Rodriguez Zabala, Sindy Rojas, Maria Romero, Ricardo Rosero, Angelica Rocio Rosillo Cardenas, Lina Rueda, Gregorio Sanchez, Tatiana Sanchez, Arístides Sotomayor Herazo, Monica Suarez, Mariana Torres, Freddy Trujillo, Miguel Urina, Lazaro Van Strahlen, Carlos Velandia, Carolina Velasquez Guzman, Elizabeth Velazquez, Tatiana Vidal Prada, Juan Pablo Yepez Alvaran, Diego Zarate, Jana Andelova, Radka Benesova, Barbara Buzova, Vladimir Cech, Ida Chodova, Miroslav Choura, Antonin Dufka, Andrea Gamova, Jakub Gorgol, Tomas Hala, Hana Havlova, Dagmar Hlavkova, Petra Horanska, Juliana Ilcisin-Valova, Petra Jenickova, Ondrej Jerabek, Ilona Kantorova, Katerina Kolomaznikova, Iva Kopeckova, Miroslava Kopeckova, Karel Linhart, Tomas Linhart, Jan Malecha, Emilia Malicherova, Dana Neubauerova, Martina Oznerova, Radan Partys, Eva Pederzoliova, Maria Petrusova, Vera Prymkova, Eva Racicka, Ida Reissova, Eva Roderova, Libor Stanek, Alena Striova, Dana Svarcova, Petr Svoboda, Emilia Szeghy Malicharova, Jan Urge, Ladislav Vesely, Bedich Wasserburger, Hilde Wasserburgerova, Emil Zahumensky, Vaclav Zamrazil, Hasan Alawi, Ernestos Anastasiadis, Elisabeth Axthelm, Tasso Bieler, Christina Buhrig, Elizaveta Degtyareva, Frank Dellanna, Karl-Michael Derwahl, Stephan Diessel, Barbara Dogiami, Kirsten Dorn-Weitzel, Monika Ernst, Grit Faulmann, Baerbel Fetscher, Thomas Forst, Gabriele Freyer-Lahres, Klaus Funke, Xenia Ganz, Christiane Gleixner, Christoph Hanefeld, Sven Heinrichs, Stephanie Helleberg, Elena Henkel, Gerd Ruediger Hetzel, Caren Hoffmann, Frohmut Jacob, Stephan Jacob, Franziska John, Antonius Jonczyk, Wolfram Kamke, Christiane Klein, Martina Kleinhardt, Werner Kleophas, Christine Kosch, Kristin Kreutzmann, Achim Kühn, Young Hee Lee-Barkey, Alexander Lier, Sarah Maatouk, Joachim Minnich, Michael Mitry, Ilona Muessig, Diana Nicula, Martina Niemann, Joerg Nothroff, Petra Ott, Andreas Pfuetzner, Andreas Pfützner, Frank Pistrosch, Wildgard Pohl, Zdenka Prochazkova, Marlena Retkowska, Heiko Rosin, Daniela Sachsenheimer, Holger Samer, Mazin Sanuri, Axel Schaefer, Frank Schaper, Erik-Delf Schulze, Marita Schulze, Martina Schumann, Thomas Segiet, Veronika Sowa, Hans-Detlev Stahl, Franziska Steinfeldt, Madlen Teige, Bjoern Trieb, Diethelm Tschoepe, Peter Uebel, Bernd Warken, Ingo Weigmann, Klaus Weyland, Klara Wilhelm, Timea Balo, Miklos Balsay, Ilona Bende, Katalin Bezzegh, Zita Birkus, Barbara Buday, Melinda Csomai, Laszlo Deak, Eniko Dezso, Peter Faludi, M Faluvegi, Ilona Fazekas, Agota Feher, Csaba Fejer, Ervin Finta, Agnes Fulcz, Zsolt Gaal, Mihaly Gurzo, Krisztina Hati, Gabriella Herczeg, Ildiko Jozsef, Marta Juhasz, Katalin Keltai, Laszlo Koranyi, Eniko Kulcsar, Krisztina Kun, Andrea Laczko, Botond Literáti-Nagy, Izabella Mezo, Margit Mileder, I Moricz, Károly Nagy, Bela Nagybaczoni, Csaba Nemeth, Agnes Oze, Jozsef Pauer, Eva Peterfai, Bela Polocsanyi, Ferenc Poor, István Reiber, Csaba Salamon, Julia Sebestyen, Ildiko Torok, Marianna Tuu, Andrea Varga, Viktor Vass, Chul Min Ahn, Chulwoo Ahn, Park ByungWon, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kiyuk Chang, Eui-Young Choi, Han Seok Choi, Jin-Wook Chung, Bum- Kee Hong, Young Joon Hong, Min Su Hyon, Myung Ho Jeong, Shinae Kang, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Ju Han Kim, Kee-Sik Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Pum-Joon Kim, Soon-Kil Kim, Yong-Seok Kim, Young Kwon Kim, Yoon Seok Koh, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Bae Lee, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Mee Lim, Pil Ki Min, Jong Sung Park, Jongsuk Park, Keun Ho Park, Sungha Park, Wook Bum Pyun, Se Joong Rim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Hong-Seog Seo, Ki Bae Seung, Dong-Ho Shin, Doo Sun Sim, Young Won Yoon, Ilze Andersone, Kristine Babicka, Inga Balcere, Roberts Barons, Inguna Capkovska, Kristine Geldnere, Inese Grigane, Baiba Jegere, Ilze Lagzdina, Lija Mora, Sigita Pastare, Rota Ritenberga, Janina Romanova, Inta Saknite, Natalja Sidlovska, Jelena Sokolova, Sandra Steina, Iveta Strizko, Dace Teterovska, Brigita Vizina, Lina Barsiene, Gintare Belozariene, Laura Daugintyte-Petrusiene, Nijole Drungiliene, Nijole Garsviene, Ala Grigiene, Vytautas Grizas, Virginija Jociene, Dalia Kalvaitiene, Jugeta Kaupiene, Jurate Kavaliauskiene, Dalia Kozloviene, Ilona Lapteva, Birute Maneikiene, Jolanta Marcinkeviciene, Vaidilija Markauskiene, Salomeja Meiluniene, Almantas Norkus, Rita Norviliene, Vladimiras Petrenko, Ruta Radzeviciene, Gintare Sakalyte, Gediminas Urbonas, Skaiste Urbutiene, Donatas Vasiliauskas, Dzilda Velickiene, Carlos Aguilar, Marco Alcocer, Juan Antonio Avalos-Ramirez, Ramiro Banda-Elizondo, Rubria Bricio-Ramirez, Karla Cardenas Mejia, Francisco Cavazos, Jesus Chapa, Erika Cienfuegos, Astrid De la Peña, Gilberto de la Peña Topete, Manuel Odin De los Rios Ibarra, Daniel Elias, Claudia Flores-Moreno, Pedro Garcia Hernandez, Luis Gerardo Gonzalez, Rosa Linda Guerra Moya, Arturo Guerra-Lopez, Raymundo Hernandez Baylon, Carolina Herrera Colorado, Marisol Herrera-Marmolejo, Neri Islas-Palacios, Esteban Lopez, Fernando Lopez, Agustin Lopez Alvarado, Rosa Isela Luna Ceballos, Enrique Morales Villegas, Gualberto Moreno-Virgen, Rosa Linda Parra Perez, Sara Pascoe Gonzalez, Irving Peralta-Cantu, Roopa Previn, Rosa Ramirez, Rubria Ramirez, Maria Guadalupe Ramos Zavala, Monica Rodriguez, Rocio Salgado-Sedano, Ana Claudia Sanchez-Aguilar, Edith Santa Rosa Franco, Leobardo Sauque-Reyna, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Ivonne Torres, Enrique Velarde-Harnandez, Juan Villagordoa, Efrain Villeda-Espinoza, Jorge Vital-Lopez, Cristian Jair Zavala- Bello, John Baker, Elaine Barrington-Ward, Thomas Brownless, Richard Carroll, Simon Carson, Michelle Choe, Andrew Corin, Brian Corley, Richard Cutfield, Neelam Dalaman, Paul Dixon, Paul Drury, Keith Dyson, Chris Florkowski, Monica Ford, William Frengley, Colin Helm, Colin Katzen, Jane Kerr, Manish Khanolkar, David Kim, Renata Koops, Jeremy Krebs, Robert Leikis, Kwan Low, Alison Luckey, Richard Luke, Susan Macaulay, Rodney Marks, Catherine McNamara, Dean Millar-Coote, Steven Miller, Naomi Mottershead, James Reid, Narcisa Robertson, Ian Rosen, David Rowe, Ole Schmiedel, Russell Scott, Jeffrey Sebastian, Davitt Sheahan, Victoria Stiebel, Ian Ternouth, Chris Tofield, Dirk Venter, Michael Williams, Miles Williams, Fiona Wu, Simon Young, Malgorzata Arciszewska, Anna Bochenek, Piotr Borkowski, Przemyslaw Borowy, Tomasz Chrzanowski, Edward Czerwinski, Marek Dwojak, Agnieszka Grodzicka, Izabela Janiec, Joanna Jaruga, Ewa Krystyna Jazwinska-Tarnawska, Krystyna Jedynasty, Danuta Juzwiak-Czapiewska, Jadwiga Karczewicz-Janowska, Jan Konieczny, Marek Konieczny, Marek Korol, Maciej Kozina, Ewa Krzyzagorska, Ewa Kucharczyk-Petryka, Roman Laz, Anna Majchrzak, Zdzislawa Mrozowska, Michal Mularczyk, Elzbieta Nowacka, Jadwiga Peczynska, Robert Petryka, Radoslaw Pietrzak, Dorota Pisarczyk-Wiza, Aleksandra Rozanska, Zofia Ruzga, Emilia Rzeszotarska, Malgorzata Sacha, Marzenna Sekulska, Anna Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Teresa Stasinska, Agnieszka Strzelecka-Sosik, Teresa Swierszcz, Katarzyna Miroslawa Szymkowiak, Olga Turowska, Krystyna Wisniewska, Maciej Wiza, Iwona Wozniak, Katarzyna Zelazowska, Bernadetta Ziolkowska-Gawron, Danuta Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Adrian Albota, Carmina Alexandru, Rodica Avram, Cornelia Bala, Diana Barbonta, Roxana Barbu, Daniela Braicu, Nicoleta Calutiu, Doina Catrinoiu, Anca Cerghizan, Alina Ciorba, Anca Craciun, Rodica Doros, Livia Duma, Ancuta Dumitrache, Ioana Ferariu, Anca Ferician Moza, Alexandrina Ghergan, Gheorghe Ghise, Mariana Graur, Mihaela Gribovschi, Bogdan Mihai, Laura Mihalache, Madalina Mihalcea, Nicoleta Mindrescu, Magdalena Morosanu, Andrea Morosoanu, Maria Mota, Anca Moza, Valerica Nafornita, Narcisa Natea, Simona Nicodim, Cristina Nita, Adriana Onaca, Mircea Onaca, Cristina Pop, Lavinia Pop, Amorin Popa, Alexandrina Popescu, Luchiana Pruna, Gabriela Roman, Mihaela Rosu, Alexandra Sima, Doina Sipciu, Carmen Narcisa Sitterli-Natea, Iosif Szilagyi, Minodora Tapurica, Adrian Tase, Adriana-Carmen Tutescu, Luminita Vanghelie, Ioana Verde, Adrian Vlad, Mihaela Zarnescu, Roman Akhmetov, Irina Allenova, Irina Avdeeva, Oksana Baturina, Irina Biserova, Nikolay Bokovin, Irina Bondar, Natalia Burova, Galina Chufeneva, Elena Chumachek, Marina Demidova, Alexander Demin, Vera Drobysheva, Irina Egorova, Lev 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Zarutskaya, Elena Zenkova, Aysha Badat, Frederik Bester, Suzanne Blignaut, Dirk Blom, Susan Booysen, Warren Boyd, Brigitte Brice, Susan Brown, Lesley Burgess, Reina Cawood, Kathleen Coetzee, Hillet Conradie, Tanja Cronje, Douwe de Jong, Graham Ellis, Shaunagh Emanuel, Ingrid Engelbrecht, Sharne Foulkes, Done Fourie, Gilbert Gibson, Thirumani Govender, Sumayah Hansa, Allana Colleen Hemus, Firzana Hendricks, Marshall Heradien, Chantelle Holmgren, Zaheer Hoosain, Emile Horak, Johannes Howard, Ignatius Immink, E. Janari, Daksha Jivan, Karl Klusmann, Weik Labuschagne, Yen-yu Lai, Gulam Latiff, J. Lombaard, Hanlie Lottering, Ronel Meeding, Shirley Middlemost, Haroon Mitha, Ismail Mitha, Sandile Mkhwanazi, Rajendran Moodley, Almeri Murray, Dany Musungaie, Yasmin Osman, Kirsten Peacey, Larisha Pillay-Ramaya, Catharina Pretorius, Hans Prozesky, Mahomed Sarvan, E Scholtz, Attila Sebesteny, Bianca Skinner, Michael Skriker, M Smit, Anna-Marie Stapelberg, Nicolaas Swanepoel, Dorothea Urbach, Dina van Aswegen, Francois van Zyl, Louis Van Zyl, Esme Venter, Shahid Wadvalla, Jeffrey Wing, Karen Wolmarans, Cristina Abreu, Pilar Aguilà, Eva Aguilera, Nuria Alonso, Carmen Alvarez, Priscila Cajas, Jose Carlos Castro, Roger Codinachs, Jose Contreras, Maria Jose Coves, Carmen Fajardo, Juan Carlos Ferrer, Neus Font, Mar Garcia, Maria Apolonia Gil, Fernando Gomez, Lluis Alberto Gomez, Jose Gonzalbez, Jose Luis Griera, Luís Masmiquel, Didac Mauricio, Silvia Narejos Perez, Juana Ana Nicolau, Olga Noheda Contreras, Josefina Olivan, Josefina Olivares, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Pellitero, Salvador Pertusa, Ferran Rius, Irene Rodriguez, Carlos Sánchez-Juan, Dolores Santos, Berta Soldevila, David Subias, Manel Terns, Carlos Trescoli, Judith Vilaplana, Alicia Villanueva, Jaan Albo, Kjell Antus, Mattias Axelsson, Lisa Bergström, Emil Binsell-Gerdin, Kurt Boman, Fabian Botond, Annika Dotevall, Anna Graipe, C Jarnet, Jessica Kaminska, Anders Kempe, Michael Korhonen, Carina Linderfalk, Bo Liu, Karl Ljungstroem, Karl Ljungström, Lennart Malmqvist, Linda Mellbin, Thomas Mooe, Peter Nicol, Anders Norrby, Ake Ohlsson, Annika Rosengren, Jan Saaf, Staffan Salmonsson, Olof Strandberg, Karl-Axel Svensson, Bengt-Olov Tengmark, Georgios Tsatsaris, Anders Ulvenstam, Peter Vasko, Chwen-Tzuei Chang, Hsin-Mei Chang, Jung-Fu Chen, To-Pang Chen, Ming-Min Chung, Chia-Po Fu, Te-Lin Hsia, Shih-Che Hua, Ming-Chun Kuo, Chia-ln Lee, I-Te Lee, Kae-Woei Liang, Shih Yi Lin, Chieh-Hsiang Lu, Wen-Ya Ma, Dee Pei, Feng-Chih Shen, Ching-Chieh Su, Shuo-Wei Su, Tsai-Sung Tai, Wan-Ni Tsai, Yi-Ting Tsai, Shih-Chen Tung, Jun-Sing Wang, Hui-I Yu, Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Vijayaraman Arutchelvam, Stephen Atkin, Simon Au, Myint Myint Aye, Stephen Bain, Cristina Bejnariu, Patrick Bell, Deepak Bhatnagar, Rudy Bilous, Neil Black, Ursula Brennan, Barbara Brett, Jana Bujanova, Elaine Chow, Andrew Collier, Amanda Combe, Christopher Courtney, Hamish Courtney, James Crothers, Patrick Eavis, Jackie Elliott, Salvatore Febbraro, Jim Finlayson, Rajiv Gandhi, Sharon Gillings, Jonathan Hamling, Roy Harper, Tim Harris, Kahal Hassan, Simon Heller, Alison Jane, Zeeshan Javed, Tim Johnson, Stephen Jones, Adele Kennedy, David Kerr, Brian Kilgallon, Judith Konya, John Lindsay, Lina Lomova-Williams, Helen Looker, David MacFarlane, Sandra Macrury, Iqbal Malik, Rory McCrimmon, Douglas McKeith, John McKnight, Biswa Mishra, Racha Mukhtar, Ciara Mulligan, Maurice O'Kane, Tolu Olateju, Ian Orpen, Tristan Richardson, Desmond Rooney, Shorsha Bae Ross, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Naveen Siddaramaiah, Lee Euan Sit, Jeffrey Stephens, Frances Turtle, Ammar Wakil, Emma Walkinshaw, Asem Ali, Robert Anderson, Richard Arakaki, Omar Aref, Mehrdad Kevin Ariani, David Arkin, Salomon Banarer, George Barchini, Arti Bhan, Kelley Branch, Donald Brautigam, Stephen Brietzke, Maridez Brinas, Yudit Brito, Casey Carter, Kimberely Casagni, Sabina Casula, Simon Chakko, Seth Charatz, Dale Childress, Lisa Chow, Malgorzata Chustecka, Subha Clarke, Lisa Cohen, Barry Collins, Gildred Colon Vega, Angel Comulada-Rivera, Gregorio Cortes-Maisonet, Matthew Davis, Jose de Souza, Cyrus Desouza, Mary Dinnan, Bobbi Duffy-Hidalgo, Barbara Dunn, Julia Dunn, Marshall Elman, James Felicetta, Stuart Finkelstein, David Fitz-Patrick, Hermes Florez, Alan Forker, Wayne Fowler, Sonja Fredrickson, Zachary Freedman, Brooke Gainey Narron, Kristin Gainey-Ferree, Michael Gardner, Christian Gastelum, Stephen Giddings, Eve Gillespie, Michael Paul Gimness, Gary Goldstein, Maria Gomes, Nelson Gomez, Timothy Gorman, Ketan Goswami, Arthur Graves, Scott Hacking, Charles Hall, Lenita Hanson, Sherman Harman, David Heber, Robert Henry, Janette Hiner, Irl Hirsch, Priscilla Hollander, Thomas Hooker, Barry Horowitz, Laura Hoste, Loli Huang, Minh Huynh, Dan Hyman, Soha Idriss, Ali Iranmanesh, Dennis Karounos, Moti Kashyap, Lois Katz, William Kaye, Yevgeniy Khaiton, Romesh Khardori, Timothy Kitchen, Andrew Klein, Wendi Knffem, Mikhail Kosiborod, Nicola Kreglinger, Davida Kruger, Anubhav Kumar, Ivan Laboy, Patricia Larrabee, Laura Larrick, Donna Lawson, Mike Ledet, James Lenhard, James Levy, George Li, Zhaoping Li, David Lieb, April Limcolioc, Jane Lions-Patterson, Daniel Lorber, Daniel Lorch, Michael Lorrello, Peter Lu, Kathryn Jean Lucas, Siu-Ling Ma, Michael MacAdams, Michelle Magee, Alexander Magno, Aparna Reddy Mahakala, Jennifer Marks, Anthony McCall, William McClanahan, Carole McClary, Lydia Melendez, John Melish, Deanna Michaud, Christopher Miller, Neil Miller, Pablo Mora, Marriyam Moten, Sunder Mudaliar, Gregory Myrick, Puneet Narayan, Mike Nassif, Karena Neri, Tabitha Newton, Patricia Niblack, Philip Nicol, Ebenezer Nyenwe, A. Ola Odugbesan, Yolanda Okorocha, Ramón Ortiz Carrasquillo, Kwame Osei, Coromoto Palermo, Hiren Patel, Krishna Patel, Cindy Pau, Michael Perley, Sanford Plevin, Elena Plummer, Richard Powell, Mohammed Qintar, Rex Rawls, John Reyes-Castano, Lillian Reynolds, Robert Richards, Julio Rosenstock, Caroline Rowe, Jahandar Saleh, Sony Sam, Alfredo Sanchez, Donald Sander, Bruce Sanderson, Virginia Savin, Elizabeth Seaquist, Jayendra Shah, Serena Shi, Vijay Shivaswamy, Tammi Shlotzhauer, David Shore, Bobbie Skukowski, Kyaw Soe, Vesna Solheim, Joseph Soufer, Helmut Steinberg, Jaime Steinsapir, Phillip Tarkington, Debra Thayer, Stephen Thomson, James Thrasher, Joseph Tibaldi, Jeff Tjaden, Oberto Tores, Dace Trence, Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan, Jagdeesh Ullal, Gabriel Uwaifo, Anthony Vo, Kenny Vu, Damandeep Walia, Karen Weiland, Fred Whitehouse, Thomas Wiegmann, Kathleen Wyne, Alan Wynne, Kevin Yuen, Joel Zaretzky, James Zebrack, Franklin Zieve, William Zigrang, and Everest
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Placebo-controlled study, Glucagon-Like Peptides, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Internal medicine, Medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Diabetic Nephropathies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Renal replacement therapy, Aged, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Creatinine, Dulaglutide, Female, business, medicine.drug, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: Digital, Background: Two glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduced renal outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at risk for cardiovascular disease. We assessed the long-term effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on renal outcomes in an exploratory analysis of the REWIND trial of the effect of dulaglutide on cardiovascular disease. Methods: REWIND was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo and followed up at least every 6 months for outcomes. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were estimated from urine and serum values measured in local laboratories every 12 months. The primary outcome (first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes), secondary outcomes (including a composite microvascular outcome), and safety outcomes of this trial have been reported elsewhere. In this exploratory analysis, we investigate the renal component of the composite microvascular outcome, defined as the first occurrence of new macroalbuminuria (UACR >33·9 mg/mmol), a sustained decline in eGFR of 30% or more from baseline, or chronic renal replacement therapy. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952. Findings: Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). At baseline, 791 (7·9%) had macroalbuminuria and mean eGFR was 76·9 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (SD 22·7). During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1-5·9) comprising 51 820 person-years, the renal outcome developed in 848 (17·1%) participants at an incidence rate of 3·5 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 970 (19·6%) participants at an incidence rate of 4·1 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·85, 95% CI 0·77-0·93; p=0·0004). The clearest effect was for new macroalbuminuria (HR 0·77, 95% CI 0·68-0·87; p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
Published: 2019

28. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author: Hertzel C Gerstein, Helen M Colhoun, Gilles R Dagenais, Rafael Diaz, Mark Lakshmanan, Prem Pais, Jeffrey Probstfield, Jeffrey S Riesmeyer, Matthew C Riddle, Lars Rydén, Denis Xavier, Charles Messan Atisso, Leanne Dyal, Stephanie Hall, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Gloria Wong, Alvaro Avezum, Jan Basile, Namsik Chung, Ignacio Conget, William C Cushman, Edward Franek, Nicolae Hancu, Markolf Hanefeld, Shaun Holt, Petr Jansky, Matyas Keltai, Fernando Lanas, Lawrence A Leiter, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Ernesto German Cardona Munoz, Valdis Pirags, Nana Pogosova, Peter J Raubenheimer, Jonathan E Shaw, Wayne H-H Sheu, Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Mercedes Abella, Andrea Alebuena, Sandra Almagro, Eduardo Amoroso, Paula Anadon, Elizabeth Andreu, Guillermo Aristimuño, Maria Arzadun, Maria Barbieri, Raul Barcudi, Ines Bartolacci, Gabriel Bolobanich, Anselmo Bordonava, Miguel Bustamante Labarta, Betina Bustos, Alberto Caccavo, Alejandra Camino, Maria Cantero, Maria Carignano, Luis Cartasegna, Marcela Cipullo, Víctor Commendatore, Victoria Conosciuto, Osvaldo Costamagna, Claudia Crespo, Jose Cuello, Carlos Cuneo, Sandra Cusimano, Sofia Dean, Claudio Dituro, Andrea Dominguez, Miguel Farah, Alberto Fernandez, Florencia Fernandez, Adriana Ferrari, Patricia Flammia, Jose Fuentealba, Karina Beatriz Gallardo, Celso Garcia, Ruben Garcia Duran, Marcelo Garrido, Rodolfo Gavicola, Claudio Gerbaudo, Graciela Gilli, Ana Paula Giotto, Pedro Godoy Bolzán, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Fernando Guerlloy, Cristian Guridi, Narcisa Gutierrez Garrido, Eduardo Hasbani, Sonia Hermida, Miguel Hominal, Adrian Hrabar, Adrián Ingaramo, Alejandra Izzicupo, Mario Krynski, Mariana Lagrutta, Paulina Lanchiotti, Maria Langhe, Veronica Leonard, Javier Llanos, Ricardo Lopez Santi, Jorge Lowenstein, Cecilia Luquez, Ignacio Mackinnon, Melina Mana, Sara Manzur, Javier Marino, Carolina Martella, Roger Martinez, Re Matias, Javier Matkovich, Monica Meritano, Oscar Montaña, María Mulazzi, Juan Ochoa, Gustavo Paterlini, María Pelagagge, Maria Elena Peralta Lopez, Aldo Prado, Lorena Pruyas, Martín Racca, Carola Ricotti, Carolina Rodriguez, Mariano Romero Vidomlansky, Ricardo Ronderos, Ana Laura Sadowski, Jorgelina Sala, Alejandro Sánchez, Andrea Santoro, Lilia Schiavi, Mariano Sein, Virginia Sernia, Leonardo Serra, Maximiliano Sicer, Tomas Smith, Leonardo Soso, Georgina Sposetti, Andrea Steinacher, Jorge Stival, Jorge Tedesco, Hugo Tonin, Mauro Tortolo, Maria Ulla, Julio Vallejos, Marisa Vico, Luciana Virgillito, Virginia Visco, Daniel Vogel, Florencia Waisman, César Zaidman, Noemi Zucchiatti, Imran Badshah, Neale Cohen, Peter Colman, David Colquhoun, Timothy Davis, Spiros Fourlanos, Greg Fulcher, Jane Hamlyn, Cilla Haywood, Samantha Hocking, Maeve Huchinson, William Jeffries, Mervyn Kyl, Clement Lo, PeakMann Mah, Ashley Makepeace, Dolly Marope, Natalie Nanayakkar, Alison Nankervis, Neil Palmer, Barbara Palolus, Satish Pillai, Sarah Price, Joseph Proietto, Anne Reutens, Natassia Rodrigo, Abdul Sheikh, Greg Smith, Michelle So, Georgia Soldatos, Bronwyn Stuckey, Priya Sumithran, Helena Teede, Parind Vora, Lyn Williams, Eduardo Abib, Christiani Adão Poço, Érica Ferreira Alves, Janaina Andreatta Bernardi Barea, Livia Avezum Oliveira, Denise Ludovico da Costa de Castro, Ivan Correa da Cruz, Midiã Costa, Ivan Cruz, Sidney Cunha, Marco Antonio Vieira Da Silva, Renata de Carvalho Camara Bona, Bruna de Paula, Freddy Eliaschewitz, Guilherme Fazolli, Carlos Alberto Ferreira Filho, Jose Fortes, Cesar França, Denise Reis Franco, Paulo Roberto Genestreti, Flavio Giorgeto, Rodrigo Marques Gonçalves, Michele Elka Grossman, Ana Claudia Henrique Marcelino, Mauro Hernandes, Ana Horta, Cristiano Jaeger, Midia Kaneblai, Cecilia Kauffman Rutenberg, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Maria Angelica Lemos, Lilia Maia, Euler Roberto Manenti, Mariana Marques, Cynthia Melissa Valerio, Rodrigo Moreira, Flávia Mothé, Osana Maria Mouco, Philip Moura, José Carlos Moura Jorge, Carlos Nakashima, Marcelo Nakazone, Thiago Napoli, Cristiane Nunes, Joao Eduardo Nunes Salles, Karla Oliveira, Marcela Oliveira, Gracielly de Souza Pantano, Fabio Petri, Leonardo Piazza, Andreia Carla Pires, Patricia Pizzato, Sergio Prata, Dalton Precoma, Rafael Rech, Gilmar Reis, Heleno Reis, Elisabete Resende, Jose Ribas Fortes, Sylka Rodovalho, Fabio Rossi dos Santos, Joao Eduardo Salles, Célia Regina Sampaio, Thiago Santos, Vanessa Santos dos Santos, Tulio Silva e Quadros, Daniel Silveira, Katia Nunes Siqueira, M Teireira, Marcelo Uehara, C Valerio, Henrique Vianna, Maria Helena Vidotti, Guilherme de Lima Visconti, Maria Teresa Zanella, Viktoriya Andreeva, Radoslav Borisov, Nikolay Botushanov, Georgi Dimitrov, Kameliya Dimova, Tsvetan Dragoychev, Valentina Grigorova, Valentina Gushterova, Ivaylo Ivanov, Tatyana Kocelova, Dimo Kurktschiev, Milena Miletieva, Neli Nenkova-Gugusheva, Ralitsa Pancheva, Maria Pavlova, Dimitar Raev, Vesela Spasova, Anastas Stoikov, Dimitar Troev, Todor Yanev, Mariana Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Alexander Abitbol, Buki Ajala, Abdullh Alguwaihes, Jean-Luc Ardilouze, Nahla Aris-Jilwan, Amel Arnaout, Ronnie Aronson, Nadeem Aslam, Sandra Babin, Jean-Patrice Bailargeon, Allan Bailey, Harpreet Bajaj, Christian Beauchesne, Sorin Beca, Andre Belanger, Alan Bell, Diego Bellabarba, Lori Berard, Brian Berenbaum, Vincent Bergeron, Joseph Berlingieri, Frédéric Bernier, Phoebe Bishara, David Blank, Ian Blumer, Suzanne Brault, Donald Breton, André Carpentier, James Cha, Prakash Chandra, Jean-Louis Chiasson, James R Conway, Ghyslaine Couture, Nathalie Couture, Gilles Dagenais, Dyotirmoy Datta, Giuseppe D'Ignazio, Richard Dumas, Didier Fay, Andre Frechette, Louise Frenette, Daisy Fung, Nathalie Gagnon, Meri Galter, Jean Garon, Jean Sebastien Gauthier, Christian Geadah, Jeremy Gilbert, Ronald Girard, Ronald Goldenberg, Loren David Grossman, Nikhil Gupta, Jean-Pierre Halle, Marie-France Hivert, Ghislaine Houde, Robyn Houlden, Irene Hramiak, Ted Jablonski, Akshay Jain Jain, Hasnain Khandwala, Munish Khosla, C Lachance, Emilie Laflamme, Marie-France Langlois, Luc Larivee, Joanne Liutkus, Heather Lochnan, Saleem Malik, Charlotte McDonald, Pravinsagar Mehta, John Mihailidis, Alain Milot, Priya Narula, Patrice Nault, Arun Nayar, William Nisker, Gilles Ouellet, Jean Palardy, Minta Patel, Terri Paul, Sue Pedersen, Patrice Perron, Marie-Hélène Pesant, Paul Poirier, Marie-Claude Poulin, Zubin Punthakee, Waheed Rehman, Stuart Ross, P Sagar, Nouhad Saliba, Sam Sandler, Alicia Schiffrin, Robert Schlosser, Anila Seth-Sharma, Mark Sherman, David Sionit, Tharsan Sivakumar, Juan Soto, Eric St-Amour, Oren Steen, Jack Sussman, Adam Telner, Sheldon Tobe, David-Yaw Twum-Barima, Audrey Van Zanten, Nicole VanRossum, Jonathan Vecchiarelli, Rick Ward, John Wessengel, Stanley Weisnagel, Igor Wilderman, Vincent Woo, Natalia Yakubovich, Jean-Francois Yale, Zeina Yared, Monica Acevedo, Maria Loreto Aguirre, Andres Aizman, Maria Soledad Barroso, Leonardo Cobos, Alfredo Danin Vargas, Barbara Descalzi, Gonzalo Godoy, Elio Grumberg, Rodolfo Lahsen, Gladys Larenas, Eugenia Ortiz, Javier Paredes, Sergio Potthoff, Eva Retamal, Luis Rojas, Manuel Salgado, Claudio Santibanez, Carmen Solis, Benjamin Stokins, Jose Accini, Javier Acebedo, Lina Maria Agudelo Baena, Soraya Alarcon, Juliana Angel, Edgar Arcos, M Aroca Martinez, Leonor Atuesta, Jose Balaguera, Doris Ballestas, Sandra Isabel Barrera, Rosmy Barrios Reyes, Adolfo Bayona, Andres Bermudez, Diego Zarate Bernal, Marco Blanquicett, Victor Bravo, Wendy Bueno, Alvaro Burbano Delgado, Alberto Cadena, Andres Cadena, Sandra Caicedo, Carlos Celemin, Ricardo Consuegra, Cristhian Contreras Pimienta, Kelly Johenis Corredor, Carlos Cure, Lizeth Dayana De La Hoz Rueda, Erika Delgado, Sarahy Diaz, Marta Diego, Anabell Donado, William Encinales Sanabria, Juliana Escobar, Gillian Escorcia, Leonardo Forero, Laura Fuentes, Maria Garcia, Henry Garcia Lozada, Luis Garcia Ortiz, Angela Giraldo, Laura Gomez Gonzalez, Javier Granada, Corina Gutierrez, Natalia Henao, Edwin Hernandez, Olga Maria Herrera Uejbe, Juan Diego Higuera Cobos, Jaime Ibarra Gómez, Edwin Hernandez Jaimes, Monica Jaramillo, Nicolas Jaramillo, Carlos Jaramillo Gomez, Monica Jaramillo Sanchez, Ivonne Jarava Durán, Catalina Lopez Ceballos, Claudia Madrid, Elias María Amastha, Jennifer Mercado, Dora Ines Molina, Jessica Molina Soto, Carlos Montoya, Alexander Morales, Carolina Muñoz, Luis Alejandro Orozco, Oscar Osorio, Jorge Mario Palmera Sanchez, Adwar Peña, Jose Perez, Juan Perez Agudelo, Germán Pérez Amador, Carlos Pertuz, Irina Posada, Carlos Puerta, Adalberto Quintero, Diana Quiroz, Carmen Rendon, Alberto Reyes, Alvaro Reyes, Diana Ripoll, Carlos Rivera, Maria Rocha, Jose F Rodriguez, Kervis Asid Rodriguez Villanueva, Javier Emilio Rodriguez Zabala, Sindy Rojas, Maria Romero, Ricardo Rosero, Angelica Rocio Rosillo Cardenas, Lina Rueda, Gregorio Sanchez, Tatiana Sanchez, Arístides Sotomayor Herazo, Monica Suarez, Mariana Torres, Freddy Trujillo, Miguel Urina, Lazaro Van Strahlen, Carlos Velandia, Carolina Velasquez Guzman, Elizabeth Velazquez, Tatiana Vidal Prada, Juan Pablo Yepez Alvaran, Diego Zarate, Jana Andelova, Radka Benesova, Barbara Buzova, Vladimir Cech, Ida Chodova, Miroslav Choura, Antonin Dufka, Andrea Gamova, Jakub Gorgol, Tomas Hala, Hana Havlova, Dagmar Hlavkova, Petra Horanska, Juliana Ilcisin-Valova, Petra Jenickova, Ondrej Jerabek, Ilona Kantorova, Katerina Kolomaznikova, Iva Kopeckova, Miroslava Kopeckova, Karel Linhart, Tomas Linhart, Jan Malecha, Emilia Malicherova, Dana Neubauerova, Martina Oznerova, Radan Partys, Eva Pederzoliova, Maria Petrusova, Vera Prymkova, Eva Racicka, Ida Reissova, Eva Roderova, Libor Stanek, Alena Striova, Dana Svarcova, Petr Svoboda, Emilia Szeghy Malicharova, Jan Urge, Ladislav Vesely, Bedich Wasserburger, Hilde Wasserburgerova, Emil Zahumensky, Vaclav Zamrazil, Hasan Alawi, Ernestos Anastasiadis, Elisabeth Axthelm, Tasso Bieler, Christina Buhrig, Elizaveta Degtyareva, Frank Dellanna, Karl-Michael Derwahl, Stephan Diessel, Barbara Dogiami, Kirsten Dorn-Weitzel, Monika Ernst, Grit Faulmann, Baerbel Fetscher, Thomas Forst, Gabriele Freyer-Lahres, Klaus Funke, Xenia Ganz, Christiane Gleixner, Christoph Hanefeld, Sven Heinrichs, Stephanie Helleberg, Elena Henkel, Gerd Ruediger Hetzel, Caren Hoffmann, Frohmut Jacob, Stephan Jacob, Franziska John, Antonius Jonczyk, Wolfram Kamke, Christiane Klein, Martina Kleinhardt, Werner Kleophas, Christine Kosch, Kristin Kreutzmann, Achim Kühn, Young Hee Lee-Barkey, Alexander Lier, Sarah Maatouk, Joachim Minnich, Michael Mitry, Ilona Muessig, Diana Nicula, Martina Niemann, Joerg Nothroff, Petra Ott, Andreas Pfuetzner, Andreas Pfützner, Frank Pistrosch, Wildgard Pohl, Zdenka Prochazkova, Marlena Retkowska, Heiko Rosin, Daniela Sachsenheimer, Holger Samer, Mazin Sanuri, Axel Schaefer, Frank Schaper, Erik-Delf Schulze, Marita Schulze, Martina Schumann, Thomas Segiet, Veronika Sowa, Hans-Detlev Stahl, Franziska Steinfeldt, Madlen Teige, Bjoern Trieb, Diethelm Tschoepe, Peter Uebel, Bernd Warken, Ingo Weigmann, Klaus Weyland, Klara Wilhelm, Timea Balo, Miklos Balsay, Ilona Bende, Katalin Bezzegh, Zita Birkus, Barbara Buday, Melinda Csomai, Laszlo Deak, Eniko Dezso, Peter Faludi, M Faluvegi, Ilona Fazekas, Agota Feher, Csaba Fejer, Ervin Finta, Agnes Fulcz, Zsolt Gaal, Mihaly Gurzo, Krisztina Hati, Gabriella Herczeg, Ildiko Jozsef, Marta Juhasz, Katalin Keltai, Laszlo Koranyi, Eniko Kulcsar, Krisztina Kun, Andrea Laczko, Botond Literáti-Nagy, Izabella Mezo, Margit Mileder, I Moricz, Károly Nagy, Bela Nagybaczoni, Csaba Nemeth, Agnes Oze, Jozsef Pauer, Eva Peterfai, Bela Polocsanyi, Ferenc Poor, István Reiber, Csaba Salamon, Julia Sebestyen, Ildiko Torok, Marianna Tuu, Andrea Varga, Viktor Vass, Chul Min Ahn, Chulwoo Ahn, Park ByungWon, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kiyuk Chang, Eui-Young Choi, Han Seok Choi, Jin-Wook Chung, Bum- Kee Hong, Young Joon Hong, Min Su Hyon, Myung Ho Jeong, Shinae Kang, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Ju Han Kim, Kee-Sik Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Pum-Joon Kim, Soon-Kil Kim, Yong-Seok Kim, Young Kwon Kim, Yoon Seok Koh, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Bae Lee, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Mee Lim, Pil Ki Min, Jong Sung Park, Jongsuk Park, Keun Ho Park, Sungha Park, Wook Bum Pyun, Se Joong Rim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Hong-Seog Seo, Ki Bae Seung, Dong-Ho Shin, Doo Sun Sim, Young Won Yoon, Ilze Andersone, Kristine Babicka, Inga Balcere, Roberts Barons, Inguna Capkovska, Kristine Geldnere, Inese Grigane, Baiba Jegere, Ilze Lagzdina, Lija Mora, Sigita Pastare, Rota Ritenberga, Janina Romanova, Inta Saknite, Natalja Sidlovska, Jelena Sokolova, Sandra Steina, Iveta Strizko, Dace Teterovska, Brigita Vizina, Lina Barsiene, Gintare Belozariene, Laura Daugintyte-Petrusiene, Nijole Drungiliene, Nijole Garsviene, Ala Grigiene, Vytautas Grizas, Virginija Jociene, Dalia Kalvaitiene, Jugeta Kaupiene, Jurate Kavaliauskiene, Dalia Kozloviene, Ilona Lapteva, Birute Maneikiene, Jolanta Marcinkeviciene, Vaidilija Markauskiene, Salomeja Meiluniene, Almantas Norkus, Rita Norviliene, Vladimiras Petrenko, Ruta Radzeviciene, Gintare Sakalyte, Gediminas Urbonas, Skaiste Urbutiene, Donatas Vasiliauskas, Dzilda Velickiene, Carlos Aguilar, Marco Alcocer, Juan Antonio Avalos-Ramirez, Ramiro Banda-Elizondo, Rubria Bricio-Ramirez, Karla Cardenas Mejia, Francisco Cavazos, Jesus Chapa, Erika Cienfuegos, Astrid De la Peña, Gilberto de la Peña Topete, Manuel Odin De los Rios Ibarra, Daniel Elias, Claudia Flores-Moreno, Pedro Garcia Hernandez, Luis Gerardo Gonzalez, Rosa Linda Guerra Moya, Arturo Guerra-Lopez, Raymundo Hernandez Baylon, Carolina Herrera Colorado, Marisol Herrera-Marmolejo, Neri Islas-Palacios, Esteban Lopez, Fernando Lopez, Agustin Lopez Alvarado, Rosa Isela Luna Ceballos, Enrique Morales Villegas, Gualberto Moreno-Virgen, Rosa Linda Parra Perez, Sara Pascoe Gonzalez, Irving Peralta-Cantu, Roopa Previn, Rosa Ramirez, Rubria Ramirez, Maria Guadalupe Ramos Zavala, Monica Rodriguez, Rocio Salgado-Sedano, Ana Claudia Sanchez-Aguilar, Edith Santa Rosa Franco, Leobardo Sauque-Reyna, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Ivonne Torres, Enrique Velarde-Harnandez, Juan Villagordoa, Efrain Villeda-Espinoza, Jorge Vital-Lopez, Cristian Jair Zavala- Bello, John Baker, Elaine Barrington-Ward, Thomas Brownless, Richard Carroll, Simon Carson, Michelle Choe, Andrew Corin, Brian Corley, Richard Cutfield, Neelam Dalaman, Paul Dixon, Paul Drury, Keith Dyson, Chris Florkowski, Monica Ford, William Frengley, Colin Helm, Colin Katzen, Jane Kerr, Manish Khanolkar, David Kim, Renata Koops, Jeremy Krebs, Robert Leikis, Kwan Low, Alison Luckey, Richard Luke, Susan Macaulay, Rodney Marks, Catherine McNamara, Dean Millar-Coote, Steven Miller, Naomi Mottershead, James Reid, Narcisa Robertson, Ian Rosen, David Rowe, Ole Schmiedel, Russell Scott, Jeffrey Sebastian, Davitt Sheahan, Victoria Stiebel, Ian Ternouth, Chris Tofield, Dirk Venter, Michael Williams, Miles Williams, Fiona Wu, Simon Young, Malgorzata Arciszewska, Anna Bochenek, Piotr Borkowski, Przemyslaw Borowy, Tomasz Chrzanowski, Edward Czerwinski, Marek Dwojak, Agnieszka Grodzicka, Izabela Janiec, Joanna Jaruga, Ewa Krystyna Jazwinska-Tarnawska, Krystyna Jedynasty, Danuta Juzwiak-Czapiewska, Jadwiga Karczewicz-Janowska, Jan Konieczny, Marek Konieczny, Marek Korol, Maciej Kozina, Ewa Krzyzagorska, Ewa Kucharczyk-Petryka, Roman Laz, Anna Majchrzak, Zdzislawa Mrozowska, Michal Mularczyk, Elzbieta Nowacka, Jadwiga Peczynska, Robert Petryka, Radoslaw Pietrzak, Dorota Pisarczyk-Wiza, Aleksandra Rozanska, Zofia Ruzga, Emilia Rzeszotarska, Malgorzata Sacha, Marzenna Sekulska, Anna Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Teresa Stasinska, Agnieszka Strzelecka-Sosik, Teresa Swierszcz, Katarzyna Miroslawa Szymkowiak, Olga Turowska, Krystyna Wisniewska, Maciej Wiza, Iwona Wozniak, Katarzyna Zelazowska, Bernadetta Ziolkowska-Gawron, Danuta Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Adrian Albota, Carmina Alexandru, Rodica Avram, Cornelia Bala, Diana Barbonta, Roxana Barbu, Daniela Braicu, Nicoleta Calutiu, Doina Catrinoiu, Anca Cerghizan, Alina Ciorba, Anca Craciun, Rodica Doros, Livia Duma, Ancuta Dumitrache, Ioana Ferariu, Anca Ferician Moza, Alexandrina Ghergan, Gheorghe Ghise, Mariana Graur, Mihaela Gribovschi, Bogdan Mihai, Laura Mihalache, Madalina Mihalcea, Nicoleta Mindrescu, Magdalena Morosanu, Andrea Morosoanu, Maria Mota, Anca Moza, Valerica Nafornita, Narcisa Natea, Simona Nicodim, Cristina Nita, Adriana Onaca, Mircea Onaca, Cristina Pop, Lavinia Pop, Amorin Popa, Alexandrina Popescu, Luchiana Pruna, Gabriela Roman, Mihaela Rosu, Alexandra Sima, Doina Sipciu, Carmen Narcisa Sitterli-Natea, Iosif Szilagyi, Minodora Tapurica, Adrian Tase, Adriana-Carmen Tutescu, Luminita Vanghelie, Ioana Verde, Adrian Vlad, Mihaela Zarnescu, Roman Akhmetov, Irina Allenova, Irina Avdeeva, Oksana Baturina, Irina Biserova, Nikolay Bokovin, Irina Bondar, Natalia Burova, Galina Chufeneva, Elena Chumachek, Marina Demidova, Alexander Demin, Vera Drobysheva, Irina Egorova, Lev Esenyan, Ekaterina Gelig, Sergey Gilyarevsky, Maria Golshmid, Arseniy Goncharov, Anastasia Gorbunova, Ivan Gordeev, Vera Gorelysheva, Tatiana Goryunova, Irina Grebenshchikova, Roman Ilchenko, Maria Ivannikova, Saule Karabalieva, Juliya Karpeeva, Elena Khaykina, Zhanna Kobalava, Irina Kononenko, Oxana Korolik, Anna Korshunova, Victor Kostenko, Irina Krasnopevtseva, Ludmila Krylova, Polina Kulkova, Irina Kuzmina, Alla Ledyaeva, Sergey Levashov, Natalia Lokhovinina, Vadim Lvov, Narine Martirosyan, Sergey Nedogoda, Rostislav Nilk, Yulia Osmolovskaya, Alexey Panov, Olga Paramonova, Ekaterina Pavlova, Elena Pekareva, Nina Petunina, Svetlana Ponamareva, Galina Reshedko, Alla Salasyuk, Malvina Sepkhanyan, Alexandr Serebrov, Olesya Shabelnikova, Andrey Skvortsov, Olga Smirnova, Oxana Spiridonova, Svetlana Strogova, Evgeny Taratukhin, Sergey Tereschenko, Lubov Trukhina, Olga Tsarkova, Vera Tsoma, Farid Tumarov, Natalya Tyan, Tatiana Tyurina, Svetlana Villevalde, Elena Yankovaya, Ludmila Zarutskaya, Elena Zenkova, Aysha Badat, Frederik Bester, Suzanne Blignaut, Dirk Blom, Susan Booysen, Warren Boyd, Brigitte Brice, Susan Brown, Lesley Burgess, Reina Cawood, Kathleen Coetzee, Hillet Conradie, Tanja Cronje, Douwe de Jong, Graham Ellis, Shaunagh Emanuel, Ingrid Engelbrecht, Sharne Foulkes, Done Fourie, Gilbert Gibson, Thirumani Govender, Sumayah Hansa, Allana Colleen Hemus, Firzana Hendricks, Marshall Heradien, Chantelle Holmgren, Zaheer Hoosain, Emile Horak, Johannes Howard, Ignatius Immink, E. Janari, Daksha Jivan, Karl Klusmann, Weik Labuschagne, Yen-yu Lai, Gulam Latiff, J. Lombaard, Hanlie Lottering, Ronel Meeding, Shirley Middlemost, Haroon Mitha, Ismail Mitha, Sandile Mkhwanazi, Rajendran Moodley, Almeri Murray, Dany Musungaie, Yasmin Osman, Kirsten Peacey, Larisha Pillay-Ramaya, Catharina Pretorius, Hans Prozesky, Mahomed Sarvan, E Scholtz, Attila Sebesteny, Bianca Skinner, Michael Skriker, M Smit, Anna-Marie Stapelberg, Nicolaas Swanepoel, Dorothea Urbach, Dina van Aswegen, Francois van Zyl, Louis Van Zyl, Esme Venter, Shahid Wadvalla, Jeffrey Wing, Karen Wolmarans, Cristina Abreu, Pilar Aguilà, Eva Aguilera, Nuria Alonso, Carmen Alvarez, Priscila Cajas, Jose Carlos Castro, Roger Codinachs, Jose Contreras, Maria Jose Coves, Carmen Fajardo, Juan Carlos Ferrer, Neus Font, Mar Garcia, Maria Apolonia Gil, Fernando Gomez, Lluis Alberto Gomez, Jose Gonzalbez, Jose Luis Griera, Luís Masmiquel, Didac Mauricio, Silvia Narejos Perez, Juana Ana Nicolau, Olga Noheda Contreras, Josefina Olivan, Josefina Olivares, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Pellitero, Salvador Pertusa, Ferran Rius, Irene Rodriguez, Carlos Sánchez-Juan, Dolores Santos, Berta Soldevila, David Subias, Manel Terns, Carlos Trescoli, Judith Vilaplana, Alicia Villanueva, Jaan Albo, Kjell Antus, Mattias Axelsson, Lisa Bergström, Emil Binsell-Gerdin, Kurt Boman, Fabian Botond, Annika Dotevall, Anna Graipe, C Jarnet, Jessica Kaminska, Anders Kempe, Michael Korhonen, Carina Linderfalk, Bo Liu, Karl Ljungstroem, Karl Ljungström, Lennart Malmqvist, Linda Mellbin, Thomas Mooe, Peter Nicol, Anders Norrby, Ake Ohlsson, Annika Rosengren, Jan Saaf, Staffan Salmonsson, Olof Strandberg, Karl-Axel Svensson, Bengt-Olov Tengmark, Georgios Tsatsaris, Anders Ulvenstam, Peter Vasko, Chwen-Tzuei Chang, Hsin-Mei Chang, Jung-Fu Chen, To-Pang Chen, Ming-Min Chung, Chia-Po Fu, Te-Lin Hsia, Shih-Che Hua, Ming-Chun Kuo, Chia-ln Lee, I-Te Lee, Kae-Woei Liang, Shih Yi Lin, Chieh-Hsiang Lu, Wen-Ya Ma, Dee Pei, Feng-Chih Shen, Ching-Chieh Su, Shuo-Wei Su, Tsai-Sung Tai, Wan-Ni Tsai, Yi-Ting Tsai, Shih-Chen Tung, Jun-Sing Wang, Hui-I Yu, Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Vijayaraman Arutchelvam, Stephen Atkin, Simon Au, Myint Myint Aye, Stephen Bain, Cristina Bejnariu, Patrick Bell, Deepak Bhatnagar, Rudy Bilous, Neil Black, Ursula Brennan, Barbara Brett, Jana Bujanova, Elaine Chow, Andrew Collier, Amanda Combe, Christopher Courtney, Hamish Courtney, James Crothers, Patrick Eavis, Jackie Elliott, Salvatore Febbraro, Jim Finlayson, Rajiv Gandhi, Sharon Gillings, Jonathan Hamling, Roy Harper, Tim Harris, Kahal Hassan, Simon Heller, Alison Jane, Zeeshan Javed, Tim Johnson, Stephen Jones, Adele Kennedy, David Kerr, Brian Kilgallon, Judith Konya, John Lindsay, Lina Lomova-Williams, Helen Looker, David MacFarlane, Sandra Macrury, Iqbal Malik, Rory McCrimmon, Douglas McKeith, John McKnight, Biswa Mishra, Racha Mukhtar, Ciara Mulligan, Maurice O'Kane, Tolu Olateju, Ian Orpen, Tristan Richardson, Desmond Rooney, Shorsha Bae Ross, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Naveen Siddaramaiah, Lee Euan Sit, Jeffrey Stephens, Frances Turtle, Ammar Wakil, Emma Walkinshaw, Asem Ali, Robert Anderson, Richard Arakaki, Omar Aref, Mehrdad Kevin Ariani, David Arkin, Salomon Banarer, George Barchini, Arti Bhan, Kelley Branch, Donald Brautigam, Stephen Brietzke, Maridez Brinas, Yudit Brito, Casey Carter, Kimberely Casagni, Sabina Casula, Simon Chakko, Seth Charatz, Dale Childress, Lisa Chow, Malgorzata Chustecka, Subha Clarke, Lisa Cohen, Barry Collins, Gildred Colon Vega, Angel Comulada-Rivera, Gregorio Cortes-Maisonet, Matthew Davis, Jose de Souza, Cyrus Desouza, Mary Dinnan, Bobbi Duffy-Hidalgo, Barbara Dunn, Julia Dunn, Marshall Elman, James Felicetta, Stuart Finkelstein, David Fitz-Patrick, Hermes Florez, Alan Forker, Wayne Fowler, Sonja Fredrickson, Zachary Freedman, Brooke Gainey Narron, Kristin Gainey-Ferree, Michael Gardner, Christian Gastelum, Stephen Giddings, Eve Gillespie, Michael Paul Gimness, Gary Goldstein, Maria Gomes, Nelson Gomez, Timothy Gorman, Ketan Goswami, Arthur Graves, Scott Hacking, Charles Hall, Lenita Hanson, Sherman Harman, David Heber, Robert Henry, Janette Hiner, Irl Hirsch, Priscilla Hollander, Thomas Hooker, Barry Horowitz, Laura Hoste, Loli Huang, Minh Huynh, Dan Hyman, Soha Idriss, Ali Iranmanesh, Dennis Karounos, Moti Kashyap, Lois Katz, William Kaye, Yevgeniy Khaiton, Romesh Khardori, Timothy Kitchen, Andrew Klein, Wendi Knffem, Mikhail Kosiborod, Nicola Kreglinger, Davida Kruger, Anubhav Kumar, Ivan Laboy, Patricia Larrabee, Laura Larrick, Donna Lawson, Mike Ledet, James Lenhard, James Levy, George Li, Zhaoping Li, David Lieb, April Limcolioc, Jane Lions-Patterson, Daniel Lorber, Daniel Lorch, Michael Lorrello, Peter Lu, Kathryn Jean Lucas, Siu-Ling Ma, Michael MacAdams, Michelle Magee, Alexander Magno, Aparna Reddy Mahakala, Jennifer Marks, Anthony McCall, William McClanahan, Carole McClary, Lydia Melendez, John Melish, Deanna Michaud, Christopher Miller, Neil Miller, Pablo Mora, Marriyam Moten, Sunder Mudaliar, Gregory Myrick, Puneet Narayan, Mike Nassif, Karena Neri, Tabitha Newton, Patricia Niblack, Philip Nicol, Ebenezer Nyenwe, A. Ola Odugbesan, Yolanda Okorocha, Ramón Ortiz Carrasquillo, Kwame Osei, Coromoto Palermo, Hiren Patel, Krishna Patel, Cindy Pau, Michael Perley, Sanford Plevin, Elena Plummer, Richard Powell, Mohammed Qintar, Rex Rawls, John Reyes-Castano, Lillian Reynolds, Robert Richards, Julio Rosenstock, Caroline Rowe, Jahandar Saleh, Sony Sam, Alfredo Sanchez, Donald Sander, Bruce Sanderson, Virginia Savin, Elizabeth Seaquist, Jayendra Shah, Serena Shi, Vijay Shivaswamy, Tammi Shlotzhauer, David Shore, Bobbie Skukowski, Kyaw Soe, Vesna Solheim, Joseph Soufer, Helmut Steinberg, Jaime Steinsapir, Phillip Tarkington, Debra Thayer, Stephen Thomson, James Thrasher, Joseph Tibaldi, Jeff Tjaden, Oberto Tores, Dace Trence, Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan, Jagdeesh Ullal, Gabriel Uwaifo, Anthony Vo, Kenny Vu, Damandeep Walia, Karen Weiland, Fred Whitehouse, Thomas Wiegmann, Kathleen Wyne, Alan Wynne, Kevin Yuen, Joel Zaretzky, James Zebrack, Franklin Zieve, William Zigrang, and Everest
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Population, Placebo-controlled study, Glucagon-Like Peptides, Myocardial Infarction, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Semaglutide, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, Stroke, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dulaglutide, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Digital, Background Three different glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk with high glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations. We assessed the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events when added to the existing antihyperglycaemic regimens of individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without previous cardiovascular disease and a wide range of glycaemic control. Methods This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo. Randomisation was done by a computer-generated random code with stratification by site. All investigators and participants were masked to treatment assignment. Participants were followed up at least every 6 months for incident cardiovascular and other serious clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes (including unknown causes), which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952. Findings Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants (mean age 66·2 years [SD 6·5], median HbA1c 7·2% [IQR 6·6–8·1], 4589 [46·3%] women) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1–5·9), the primary composite outcome occurred in 594 (12·0%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·4 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 663 (13·4%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·7 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·88, 95% CI 0·79–0·99; p=0·026). All-cause mortality did not differ between groups (536 [10·8%] in the dulaglutide group vs 592 [12·0%] in the placebo group; HR 0·90, 95% CI 0·80–1·01; p=0·067). 2347 (47·4%) participants assigned to dulaglutide reported a gastrointestinal adverse event during follow-up compared with 1687 (34·1%) participants assigned to placebo (p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
Published: 2019

29. Diagnostic accuracy of low-radiation coronary computed tomography angiography with low tube voltage and knowledge-based model reconstruction

Author: Chi Suk Oh, Eui-Young Choi, Pil-Ki Min, Chul Hwan Park, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Bum-Kee Hong, Joohee Lee, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, and Tae Hoon Kim
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Computed Tomography Angiography, lcsh:Medicine, Diagnostic accuracy, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Medicine, Humans, lcsh:Science, Aged, Model reconstruction, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Coronary computed tomography angiography, Low tube voltage, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, medicine.disease, Predictive value, Invasive coronary angiography, Ecg triggering, 030104 developmental biology, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, lcsh:Q, Female, business, Nuclear medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with a low-radiation protocol and iterative model reconstruction (IMR), in comparison with invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Sixty-one patients (45 males; mean age, 61.9 ± 9.2 years) with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent CCTA and ICA were retrospectively enrolled. CCTA was performed with low tube voltage (80 or 100 kVp), low tube current (100–200 mAs), prospective ECG triggering, and IMR using a 64-slice computed tomography scanner. Coronary artery disease was defined as luminal narrowing of >50%, as assessed using CCTA and ICA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value, and accuracy of CCTA were examined. The mean radiation dose of CCTA was 1.05 ± 0.36 mSv. No non-diagnostic segment was noted. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of CCTA were 86.4%, 96.1%, 80.3%, 97.5%, and 94.6% on a per segment basis, 93.1%, 94.7%, 88.3%, 97.0%, and 94.2% on a per vessel basis, and 100%, 83.3%, 93.5%, 100%, and 95.1% on a per patient basis, respectively. In conclusion, a low-radiation CCTA protocol with IMR may be useful for diagnosing coronary artery disease, as it reduces the radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.
Published: 2019

30. Coronary calcification is associated with elevated serum lipoprotein (a) levels in asymptomatic men over the age of 45 years

Author: Pil-Ki Min, Eui-Young Choi, Se-Joong Rim, Young Won Yoon, Young Hak Chung, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Jong Youn Kim, Bum-Kee Hong, and Byoung Kwon Lee
Subjects: Male, endocrine system diseases, Cross-sectional study, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Angiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Mass Screening, cardiovascular risk factor, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), General Medicine, Lipoprotein(a), Middle Aged, Prognosis, Coronary Vessels, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, cardiovascular system, population characteristics, Female, medicine.symptom, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Observational Study, Asymptomatic, coronary artery calcium score, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, Vascular Calcification, Coronary atherosclerosis, Retrospective Studies, Asymptomatic Diseases, business.industry, lipoprotein (a), nutritional and metabolic diseases, Retrospective cohort study, multi-detector computed tomography, Cross-Sectional Studies, biology.protein, atherosclerosis, business, Biomarkers, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Lipoprotein a (Lp (a)) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) are markers of coronary artery and cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between Lp (a) and CAC in asymptomatic individuals remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of Lp (a) on CAC in asymptomatic individuals. We included 2019 asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent testing for a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and Lp (a) at the Gangnam Severance Hospital Health Checkup Center in Korea from January 2017 to August 2019. Participants were divided into 2 groups: CACS = 0 and CACS > 0. Factors affecting the CACS were analyzed by sex. Because age is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, ≥45 years in men and ≥55 years in women, we further divided participants into 4 subgroups (≥45 and
Published: 2021
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31. Effect of fixed‐dose combinations of ezetimibe plus rosuvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: MRS‐ROZE (Multicenter Randomized Study of ROsuvastatin and eZEtimibe)

Author: Sang-Hyun Kim, Hyo-Soo Kim, Soon Jun Hong, Tae Ho Park, Namho Lee, Choong Hwan Kwak, Seung-Woon Rha, Weon Kim, Hui Kyung Jeon, Young Won Yoon, Taek Jong Hong, Kyung Jin Kim, Keon Woong Moon, Moo Yong Rhee, Sungha Park, In Ho Chae, Youngkeun Ahn, Chang-Wook Nam, Kyoo Rok Han, and Dong Woon Jeon
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Diabetes mellitus, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Original Research Article, Rosuvastatin Calcium, Metabolic Syndrome, Anticholesteremic Agents, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Drug Combinations, Cholesterol, Treatment Outcome, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypercholesterolemia, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Rosuvastatin, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Ezetimibe, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, Humans, Triglycerides, Aged, Pharmacology, Triglyceride, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, chemistry, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Metabolic syndrome, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: SummaryAim We aimed to compare the effects of fixed-dose combinations of ezetimibe plus rosuvastatin to rosuvastatin alone in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, including a subgroup analysis of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MetS). Method This multicenter eight-week randomized double-blind phase III study evaluated the safety and efficacy of fixed-dose combinations of ezetimibe 10 mg plus rosuvastatin, compared with rosuvastatin alone in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Four hundred and seven patients with primary hypercholesterolemia who required lipid-lowering treatment according to the ATP III guideline were randomized to one of the following six treatments for 8 weeks: fixed-dose combinations with ezetimibe 10 mg daily plus rosuvastatin (5, 10, or 20 mg daily) or rosuvastatin alone (5, 10, or 20 mg daily). Results Fixed-dose combination of ezetimibe plus rosuvastatin significantly reduced LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels compared with rosuvastatin alone. Depending on the rosuvastatin dose, these fixed-dose combinations of ezetimibe plus rosuvastatin provided LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride reductions of 56%–63%, 37%–43%, and 19%–24%, respectively. Moreover, the effect of combination treatment on cholesterol levels was more pronounced in patients with DM or MetS than in non-DM or non-MetS patients, respectively, whereas the effect of rosuvastatin alone did not differ between DM vs non-DM or MetS vs non-MetS patients. Conclusion Fixed-dose combinations of ezetimibe and rosuvastatin provided significantly superior efficacy to rosuvastatin alone in lowering LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Moreover, the reduction rate was greater in patients with DM or MetS.
Published: 2016
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32. DETERMINANTS OF SERIAL LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTIONAL CHANGE AFTER DEVICE CLOSURE OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT

Author: Ju Young Kim, Bum-Kee Hong, Young Won Yoon, Pil-Ki Min, Jong Youn Kim, Se-Joong Rim, Chul S. Shin, Eui-Young Choi, Hyuck Moon Kwon, and Byoung Kwon Lee
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Functional change, Internal medicine, Diastole, Closure (topology), Cardiology, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2020
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33. Efficacy and Tolerability of Telmisartan/Amlodipine and Rosuvastatin Coadministration in Hypertensive Patients with Hyperlipidemia: A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study

Author: Dae Gyun Park, Seok Yeon Kim, Dong Woon Jeon, Young Won Yoon, Yong Jin Kim, Jeong Cheon Ahn, Ki Chul Sung, Yong Seog Oh, Seung-Woon Rha, Sang Kyoon Cho, Byung Su Yoo, Sang-Ho Park, Myung Ho Yoon, Ki Dong Yoo, Dong Hun Cha, Moo Yong Rhee, Tae Seok Kim, Han Cheol Lee, Kye Hoon Kim, and Woo Sik Kim
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypercholesterolemia, Urology, 02 engineering and technology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Hyperlipidemia, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Rosuvastatin, Amlodipine, Telmisartan, Rosuvastatin Calcium, National Cholesterol Education Program, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Pharmacology, business.industry, Anticholesteremic Agents, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Drug Combinations, Treatment Outcome, Tolerability, Hypertension, Female, Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, business, Dyslipidemia, medicine.drug
Abstract: Dyslipidemia and hypertension increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Combination therapy improves patient compliance. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the combination therapies telmisartan/amlodipine + rosuvastatin, telmisartan/amlodipine, and telmisartan + rosuvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension.In this Phase III, multicenter, 8-week randomized, double-blind study, participants with hypertension and dyslipidemia (defined as a sitting systolic blood pressure [sitSBP] of ≥140 mm Hg, a low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C] level of ≤250 mg/dL, and a triglyceride level of ≤400 mg/dL) were screened. After a 4-week washout/run-in period involving therapeutic lifestyle changes and telmisartan 80 mg once a day, eligible patients had a sitSBP of ≥140 mm Hg and met the LDL-C level criteria according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III cardiovascular disease risk category. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) telmisartan/amlodipine 80/10 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg (TAR group); (2) telmisartan/amlodipine 80/10 mg (TA group); or (3) telmisartan 80 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg (TR group). The primary efficacy end points were the percentage changes from baseline in LDL-C in the TAR and TA groups and the mean changes in sitSBP in the TAR and TR groups at week 8 compared to baseline. Continuous variables were compared using the unpaired t test or the Wilcoxon rank sum model, and categorical variables were compared using the χA total of 134 patients were enrolled. The least squares mean percentage changes in LDL-C at 8 weeks after administration of the drug compared to baseline were -51.9% (3.0%) in the TAR group and -3.2% (2.9%) in the TA group (P 0.001). At 8 weeks after baseline, the least squares mean (SE) changes sitSBP were -28.3 (2.4) mm Hg in the TAR group and -10.7 (2.1) mm Hg in the TR group (P 0.001). The prevalence rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were 15.0%, 25.0%, and 12.2% in the TAR, TA, and TR groups, respectively; those of adverse drug reactions were 15.0%, 22.7%, and 10.2%. None of the differences in rates were significant among 3 groups.Triple therapy with TAR can be an effective treatment in patients with dyslipidemia and hypertension. The TAR combination has value for hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia in terms of convenience, tolerability, and efficacy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03566316.
Published: 2018

34. Carotid Artery End-Diastolic Velocity and Future Cerebro-Cardiovascular Events in Asymptomatic High Risk Patients

Author: Hyuck Moon Kwon, Young Hak Jung, Pil-Ki Min, Hyemoon Chung, Eui-Young Choi, Se-Joong Rim, Young Won Yoon, Jong Youn Kim, Bum-Kee Hong, Ki Hyun Kim, and Byoung Kwon Lee
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Events, Diastole, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Asymptomatic, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine.artery, Internal Medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Common carotid artery, cardiovascular diseases, Stroke, business.industry, Doppler, medicine.disease, Carotid arteries, Heart failure, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, Original Article, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background and objectives Prognostic value of additional carotid Doppler evaluations to carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque has not been completely evaluated. Subjects and methods A total of 1119 patients with risk factors for, but without, overt coronary artery disease (CAD), who underwent both carotid ultrasound and Doppler examination were included in the present study. Parameters of interest included peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities, resistive indices of the carotid arteries, IMT, and plaque measurements. The primary end-point was all-cause cerebro-cardiovascular events (CVEs) including acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization therapy, heart failure admission, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Model 1 covariates comprised age and sex; Model 2 also included hypertension, diabetes and smoking; Model 3 also had use of aspirin and statin; and Model 4 also included IMT and plaque. Results The mean follow-up duration was 1386±461 days and the mean age of the study population was 60±12 years. Amongst 1119 participants, 43% were women, 57% had a history of hypertension, and 23% had diabetes. During follow-up, 6.6% of patients experienced CVEs. Among carotid Doppler parameters, average common carotid artery end-diastolic velocity was the independent predictor for future CVEs after adjustments for all models variables (HR 0.95 per cm/s, 95% confident interval 0.91-0.99, p=0.034 in Model 4) and significantly increased the predictive value of Model 4 (global χ(2)=59.0 vs. 62.8, p=0.029). Conclusion Carotid Doppler measurements in addition to IMT and plaque evaluation are independently associated with future CVEs in asymptomatic patients at risk for CAD.
Published: 2016

35. Quantitative T2 mapping after reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A comparison with late gadolinium enhancement and cine MR imaging

Author: Hyuck Moon Kwon, Pil-Ki Min, Andreas Greiser, Young Won Yoon, Eui-Young Choi, Sung Ho Hwang, Bum-Kee Hong, Mun Young Paek, Byoung Kwon Lee, Tae Hoon Kim, and Chul Hwan Park
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, T2 mapping, Myocardial Infarction, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Contrast Media, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Myocardial edema, Gadolinium, Reperfusion therapy, Internal medicine, Edema, medicine, Humans, Late gadolinium enhancement, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ventricle, Acute Disease, Reperfusion, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: This study evaluates myocardial edema by quantitative T2 mapping in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and compares the lateral extent of myocardial edema with those of infarcted and dysfunctional myocardium.Cardiac magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 31 patients (M:F=29:2, mean age: 52.5±10.8years) with AMI were reviewed. On cine-MRI, all short axis images of the left ventricle (LV) were divided into 60 sectors. The regional wall motion of each sector was calculated as follows: systolic wall thickening (SWT, %)=[(LV wall thicknessES-LV wall thicknessED)/LV wall thicknessED]*100. Dysfunctional myocardium was defined as sectors with decreased SWT lower than 40%. On LGE-images, myocardial infarction was defined as an area of hyper-enhancement more than 5 SDs from the remote myocardium. On T2 map, myocardial edema was defined as an area in which T2 values were at least 2 SDs higher than those from remote myocardium. The lateral extents of infarcted myocardium, myocardial edema, and dysfunctional myocardium were calculated as the percentage of central angles ((central angle of the involved myocardium/360)*100 (%)) and then compared.The lateral extent of myocardial edema was slightly larger than that of infarcted myocardium (37.4±13.3% vs. 35±12.9%, p0.01). The lateral extent of dysfunctional myocardium (50.6±15.3%) was significantly larger than that of infarcted myocardium or myocardial edema (p0.001).The lateral extent of myocardial edema beyond the infarcted myocardium might be narrow, but the dysfunctional myocardium could be significantly larger than myocardial edema, suggesting stunned myocardium without edema.
Published: 2015
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36. Neointimal response to second-generation drug-eluting stents in diabetic patients with de-novo coronary lesions

Author: Bum-Kee Hong, Pil-Ki Min, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Hoyoun Won, Young Guk Ko, Sung Kee Ryu, Tae Soo Kang, Seung Hwan Lee, Young Won Yoon, Yangsoo Jang, Dong Woon Jeon, and Byoung Kwon Lee
Subjects: Male, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Pilot Projects, Coronary Angiography, Prosthesis Design, Coronary Restenosis, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Text mining, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Neointima, Republic of Korea, Intravascular ultrasound, medicine, Humans, Everolimus, cardiovascular diseases, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Aged, media_common, Sirolimus, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Stent, Cardiovascular Agents, Drug-Eluting Stents, General Medicine, Middle Aged, equipment and supplies, Coronary Vessels, Treatment Outcome, surgical procedures, operative, cardiovascular system, Female, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Diabetic Angiopathies
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of neointimal response after the implantation of a second-generation drug-eluting stent, zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES-ER, Endeavor Resolute) or everolimus-eluting stent (EES, Xience V), using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in diabetic patients.In all, 154 diabetic patients with de-novo coronary lesions were randomized to be implanted with a ZES-ER or EES, and the angiographic follow-up at 9 months combined with a complete IVUS study was available for 96 patients with 101 lesions.Baseline demographic and lesion parameters were similar in both groups at index percutaneous coronary intervention. On follow-up angiography, in-stent late lumen loss and minimal lumen diameter were not different between the two groups. On IVUS study, neointimal hyperplasia volume [median (interquartile range): ZES-ER vs. EES; 2.25 mm (0.57-6.25) vs. 1.59 mm (0.45-8.37), P=0.615] and in-stent percentage of volume obstruction [median (interquartile range): ZES-ER vs. EES; 1.16% (0.33-3.61) vs. 0.77% (0.29-4.01), P=0.615] showed similar results between the two groups.In diabetic patients, the second-generation drug-eluting stents, ZES-ER and EES, were comparable in inhibiting neointimal proliferation.
Published: 2015
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37. Coronary calcification is associated with elevated serum lipoprotein (a) levels in asymptomatic men over the age of 45 years: A cross-sectional study of the Korean national health checkup data.

Author: Young Hak Chung, Byoung-Kwon Lee, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Pil-Ki Min, Eui-Young Choi, Young Won Yoon, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Jong-Youn Kim, Chung, Young Hak, Lee, Byoung-Kwon, Kwon, Hyuck Moon, Min, Pil-Ki, Choi, Eui-Young, Yoon, Young Won, Hong, Bum-Kee, Rim, Se-Joong, and Kim, Jong-Youn
Published: 2021
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38. Safety of six-month dual antiplatelet therapy after second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation: OPTIMA-C Randomised Clinical Trial and OCT Substudy

Author: Dong Woon Jeon, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Byung Ok Kim, Seunghwan Kim, Myeong Ki Hong, Seonghoon Choi, Bum-Kee Hong, Deok-Kyu Cho, Woong Chol Kang, Yong Hoon Kim, Byoung Kwon Lee, Jung Sun Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Oh Hyun Lee, Byeong Keuk Kim, Tae Soo Kang, Sung Ill Woo, Yangsoo Jang, Young Won Yoon, and Dong Ho Shin
Subjects: Target lesion, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, Prosthesis Design, Drug Administration Schedule, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Predictive Value of Tests, Republic of Korea, Medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Sirolimus, Aspirin, business.industry, Stent, Cardiovascular Agents, Drug-Eluting Stents, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Clopidogrel, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Drug-eluting stent, Predictive value of tests, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Mace, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract: AIMS There are few randomised studies concerning the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for patients who receive a second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES). This trial aimed to investigate the safety of six-month compared with 12-month DAPT maintenance after second-generation DES implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective, randomised, multicentre trial was performed at 10 medical centres. The 1,368 patients included in the study received a biolimus-eluting stent (BES) or a zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES). The primary outcome measured was the composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularisation at the 12-month follow-up. The secondary outcome was the percentage of uncovered struts at six months in 60 patients (30 ZES, 30 BES) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment. Each patient was randomly assigned to six-month (n=684) or 12-month DAPT (n=684). Major adverse cardiac events at 12 months occurred in eight patients (1.2%) in the six-month DAPT group and in four patients (0.6%) in the 12-month DAPT group (risk difference 0.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.4-1.6%; p=0.24). The upper 95% CI limit was lower than the pre-specified limit of 4% non-inferiority (p for non-inferiority
Published: 2017

39. P5204Impact of infrapopliteal run-off on the primary patency after femoro-popliteal intervention

Author: B. Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Pil-Ki Min, Jung Young Kim, Young Won Yoon, Eui-Young Choi, S.J. Rim, and Hyuck Moon Kwon
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Femoro-popliteal, business.industry, Intervention (counseling), Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Surgery
Published: 2017
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40. Arterial stiffness, sex, and age difference on hypertensive response to supine bicycle exercise

Author: Jong Youn Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Eui-Young Choi, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Se-Joong Rim, Bum-Kee Hong, Byoung Kwon Lee, Young Won Yoon, and Hyemoon Chung
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Supine position, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Heart Ventricles, Statistics as Topic, Diastole, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pulse Wave Analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex Factors, Vascular Stiffness, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, Internal Medicine, medicine, Blood Pressure Variability, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pulse wave velocity, Aged, Heart Failure, Diastolic, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Age Factors, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Bicycling, Compliance (physiology), Blood pressure, medicine.anatomical_structure, Echocardiography, Hypertension, Arterial stiffness, Cardiology, Vascular resistance, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Contributors to a hypertensive response to exercise (HTR) according to sex and age have not been fully evaluated. The authors analyzed a database of supine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography findings. HTR was defined as peak systolic blood pressure ≥210 mmHg for men and ≥190 mmHg for women during exercise. A total of 797 patients (306 [38%] women) were analyzed, with a mean age of 64 ± 10 years. Female sex, hypertension; higher left ventricular ejection fraction, effective arterial elastance, and pulse wave velocity; and lower total arterial compliance were significantly related to HTR. Patients with HTR had higher relative wall thickness, ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow and annular velocity, and diastolic elastance (all P ≤ .05). In multivariable analysis, indices of arterial stiffness such as pulse wave velocity, arterial elastance, total arterial compliance, and systemic vascular resistance were more strongly related in women, while in men, index of sympathetic activation was additionally related to HTR (all P ≤ .05). Female sex and lower total arterial compliance in older patients (≥65 years) and higher systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular relative wall thickness in younger patients were more strongly related to HTR. In conclusion, HTR was related to arterial stiffness, sympathetic activation, and diastolic dysfunction; however, the associations were different according to sex and age, which might guide individualized therapy.
Published: 2017

41. Frequent Premature Atrial Contractions as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients with Concomitant Non-Sustained Atrial Tachycardia

Author: Bum-Kee Hong, Jung-Joon Cha, Hyuck Moon Kwon, In Soo Kim, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Kyung-Yul Lee, Eui-Young Choi, Se-Joong Rim, Jong Youn Kim, and Hyemoon Chung
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Prognostic factor, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Premature atrial contraction, recurrent stroke, clinical outcome, Cryptogenic stroke, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Brief Communication, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Rate, Tachycardia, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, Republic of Korea, medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, cardiovascular diseases, Stroke, Atrial tachycardia, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence, Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral Infarction, General Medicine, Middle Aged, premature atrial contraction, Prognosis, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Concomitant, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Cardiology, Female, Atrial Premature Complexes, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: In cryptogenic stroke patients, early detection of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and recurrent stroke is required to prevent poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, we investigated the predictors of new-onset AF and recurrent stroke in cryptogenic stroke patients without previously diagnosed AF. In total, 390 patients who were diagnosed with stroke and non-sustained atrial tachycardia (NSAT) on 24-hour Holter monitoring were followed up to assess new-onset AF and recurrent stroke. The 5-year event-free survival as well as the predictors of recurrent stroke or new-onset AF were investigated. Based on receiver operating characteristic analysis, frequent premature atrial contractions (PACs) were defined as PACs >44 beats/day. The median follow-up period was 35 months. The composite event rate was 11.5%. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 5-year cumulative incidence of composite events was higher in cryptogenic stroke patients with frequent PACs than in those without frequent PACs. Multivariate analysis revealed that current smoking, increased left atrial volume index, and frequent PACs were poor prognostic predictors of composite event, and frequent PACs were an independent poor prognostic factor of new-onset AF in cryptogenic stroke patients. Therefore, frequent PACs might be associated with poor clinical outcomes (new-onset AF and recurrent stroke) in cryptogenic stroke patients with concomitant NSAT.
Published: 2020
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42. Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Is Related to Plaque Stability and Is a Potential Biomarker for Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author: Hyuck Moon Kwon, Minhee Jo, Pil-Ki Min, Sung-Joo Lee, Myung-Hyun Kim, Jong-Kwan Park, Ji Hyun Yoon, Jeong-Hee Yang, Byoung Kwon Lee, Jong Youn Kim, Eui-Young Choi, Bum-Kee Hong, Hyemoon Chung, Se-Joong Rim, Young Won Yoon, and Jihyuk Rhee
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Lp-PLA2, coronary atherosclerotic plaque instability, Coronary Angiography, acute coronary syndrome, Angina Pectoris, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Receiver operating characteristic, biology, business.industry, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, C-reactive protein, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Lipoproteins, LDL, Stenosis, C-Reactive Protein, Logistic Models, ROC Curve, 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase, Multivariate Analysis, biology.protein, Cardiology, Biomarker (medicine), biomarker, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Original Article, Female, business, Biomarkers, Lipoprotein
Abstract: Purpose Plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) binds to low-density lipoprotein. The levels of Lp-PLA₂ reflect the plaque burden, and are upregulated in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We investigated the diagnostic value of Lp-PLA2 levels and found that it might be a potential biomarker for ACS. Materials and methods We classified 226 study participants into three groups: patients without significant stenosis (control group), patients with significant stenosis with stable angina (SA group), and patients with ACS (ACS group). Results Lp-PLA₂ and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were significantly greater in the ACS group than in the SA group (p=0.044 and p=0.029, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Lp-PLA₂ levels are significantly associated with ACS (odds ratio=1.047, p=0.013). The addition of Lp-PLA₂ to the ACS model significantly increased the global χ² value over traditional risk factors (28.14 to 35.602, p=0.006). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for Lp-PLA₂ was 0.624 (p=0.004). The addition of Lp-PLA₂ level to serum hs-CRP concentration yielded an integrated discrimination improvement of 0.0368 (p=0.0093, standard error: 0.0142) and improved the ability to diagnose ACS. Conclusion Lp-PLA₂ levels are related to plaque stability and might be a diagnostic biomarker for ACS.
Published: 2014

43. Frequent Premature Atrial Contractions as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients with Concomitant Non-Sustained Atrial Tachycardia.

Author: Jung-Joon Cha, Kyung-Yul Lee, Hyemoon Chung, In-Soo Kim, Eui-Young Choi, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Hyuck Moon Kwon, and Jong-Youn Kim
Abstract: In cryptogenic stroke patients, early detection of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and recurrent stroke is required to prevent poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, we investigated the predictors of new-onset AF and recurrent stroke in cryptogenic stroke patients without previously diagnosed AF. In total, 390 patients who were diagnosed with stroke and non-sustained atrial tachycardia (NSAT) on 24-hour Holter monitoring were followed up to assess new-onset AF and recurrent stroke. The 5-year event-free survival as well as the predictors of recurrent stroke or new-onset AF were investigated. Based on receiver operating characteristic analysis, frequent premature atrial contractions (PACs) were defined as PACs >44 beats/day. The median follow-up period was 35 months. The composite event rate was 11.5%. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 5-year cumulative incidence of composite events was higher in cryptogenic stroke patients with frequent PACs than in those without frequent PACs. Multivariate analysis revealed that current smoking, increased left atrial volume index, and frequent PACs were poor prognostic predictors of composite event, and frequent PACs were an independent poor prognostic factor of new-onset AF in cryptogenic stroke patients. Therefore, frequent PACs might be associated with poor clinical outcomes (new-onset AF and recurrent stroke) in cryptogenic stroke patients with concomitant NSAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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44. Diverse left ventricular morphology and predictors of short-term outcome in patients with stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Author: Chi Young Shim, Se-Joong Rim, Se Jung Yoon, Hyuk Jae Chang, Sung-Joo Lee, Young Won Yoon, Bum-Kee Hong, Duk Kyu Cho, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Sung Woo Kwon, Sung Kee Ryu, Yangsoo Jang, Hyemoon Chung, Myung-Hyun Kim, Ji Hyun Yoon, and Byung Ok Kim
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Heart Ventricles, Cardiomyopathy, Young Adult, Basal (phylogenetics), Predictive Value of Tests, Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Ventricular morphology, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, medicine, Humans, In patient, Hospital Mortality, Child, Aged, Ultrasonography, Aged, 80 and over, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ventricle, Mortality data, Cardiology, Stress induced cardiomyopathy, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background There is paucity of data with regard to the clinical spectrum according to left ventricle (LV) morphological variation in stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SCMP) patients, and still there is controversy in terms of prognosis since some people believe that the published in-hospital mortality data of patients with SCMP are underestimated. Therefore, we sought to investigate the morphological features of LV and in-hospital outcome of patients with SCMP and explored predictors of short-term prognosis. Methods This was a multicenter, observational study of 208 SCMP patients. Morphological features of LV were determined by echocardiography and were divided into typical (apical) and atypical ballooning types, which were subcategorized into mid-LV ballooning and basal ‘inverted' ballooning type. All-cause mortality of patients with SCMP during hospitalization was recorded. Results The apical ballooning type was most common (67.3%) in SCMP followed by the mid-LV ballooning type (28.3%), and the basal ‘inverted' ballooning type (4.3%). There were no differences in stressor types and in-hospital mortality between patients with typical and atypical SCMP. Notably, all the in-hospital mortality of SCMP patients occurred in patients with physical stressors, where age, shock, and LV ejection fraction were the independent risk factors for predicting in-hospital mortality. Conclusions SCMP patients showed diverse patterns of LV morphology, but there were no definite differences on clinical spectrum among SCMP patients presenting various LV morphological patterns. In terms of short-term prognosis, underlying physical conditions combined with old age, hemodynamic compromise, and low LV systolic function might be the most important factors in SCMP patients.
Published: 2013
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45. Effect of Abciximab on the Levels of Circulating Microparticles in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Angioplasty

Author: Young Won Yoon, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Pil-Ki Min, Se-Joong Rim, Eui-Young Choi, Jung-Joon Cha, Sung-Yu Hong, Bum-Kee Hong, Da-Lyung Lee, Jong Youn Kim, Minhee Cho, and Byoung Kwon Lee
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cell-derived microparticles, medicine.medical_treatment, Primary angioplasty, Femoral artery, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, Platelet aggregation inhibitors, Internal Medicine, Abciximab, Medicine, In patient, Myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, skin and connective tissue diseases, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, Surgery, surgical procedures, operative, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, Platelet aggregation inhibitor, Original Article, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background and Objectives: We investigated the effect of the additional use of abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the level of procoagulant microparticles (MPs) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who had undergone primary PCI. Subjects and Methods: In this study, we studied 86 patients with STEMI (72 men, age 58±13) who had undergone primary PCI. The decision to administer abciximab immediately prior to PCI was left to the discretion of the operator. Blood samples for analysis of MPs were obtained from the femoral artery before and after PCI. MPs with procoagulant potential were measured using a commercial kit. The cellular origins of MPs were determined by antigenic capture with specific antibodies. Results: Procoagulant MPs captured onto annexin V were not changed significantly after PCI {13.4±13.2 nM vs. 13.2±16.1 nM phosphatidylserine equivalent (PS eq), p=0.479}. Abciximab was used in 30 of 86 patients (35%) immediately prior to PCI. In patients who had undergone PCI without abciximab, no significant change in the level of MPs was observed after PCI. However, in the abciximab group, the level of circulating MPs was significantly decreased after PCI (12.0 ±10.7 nM vs. 7.8±11.7 nM PS eq, p=0.018). Levels of endothelial- and platelet-derived MPs also showed a significant reduction after PCI in the abciximab group. Conclusion: Primary PCI with additional abciximab significantly reduced the level of procoagulant MPs regardless of their cellular origins in patients with STEMI. (Korean Circ J 2013;43:600-606)
Published: 2013

46. Simultaneous analysis and monitoring of thirteen preservatives in cosmetics by liquid chromatography

Author: Bo Young Lee, Sang-Yoon Nam, Beom Jun Lee, Bang Han Yun, Yong Jae Ryu, Ji Young Yun, Gun Mook Yoon, Pil-Ki Min, and Young Won Yoon
Subjects: Detection limit, Standard curve, Accuracy and precision, Preservative, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chromatography, Chemistry, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmetics, Quantitative analysis (chemistry), Phenoxyethanol, Sunscreen lotion, media_common
Abstract: The content of 13 preservatives was investigated for 107 sold in retail markets. A simultaneously analytical method of liquid chromatography, LC, for the preservatives in cosmetics was developed using an AvQuityTM Ultra performance LC System, Waters, BEH C18 column, 150mmx2.1mm,1.7 ㎛, and photo Diode Array, PDA, detector λ;220 nm for quantitative analysis, λ;190∼400nm for qualitative analysis. The developed instrumental method was validated using limit of detection, LOD, limit of quantification, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and linearity of standard curves. LOD and LOQ wre lower than 0.23mg/l and 0.75mg/l, respectively. When standard compounds were analyzed seven times consecutively at the LOQ level, precision and accuracy were lower than 2.49% and, 2.04%, respectively. Good linear relationships, R2 ⊇0.9998, were obtained for all compounds. Recoveries ranged between 96.03% and 102.61%and the overall variability was below 3%, RSD, The type of cosmetics showing the lowest detection rate of target compounds was sunscreen lotion, with a detection rate of 42.9%, followed by baby lotions and mask packs with the same detection rate at 69.2% At least one of the target preservatives was detected in 82.4% of creams, 93.3% of skin toners, 95.2% of lotions, and 92.9% of body lotions. Overall 79.4% of all samples contained at least one of the target compounds. The most frequently detected compound was phenoxyethanol. Methyl and propyl paraben also had a higher detection rate than the others, except, phenoxyethanol. Although the target preservatives in cosmetics sold in retail markets were detected by the simultaneous analysis of LC, the content of the detected preservatives was within the maximum allowed amount established by the Korean FDA.
Published: 2013
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47. Quantitative T2 mapping for detecting myocardial edema after reperfusion of myocardial infarction: validation and comparison with T2-weighted images

Author: Yon Mi Sung, Bum-Kee Hong, Wei Yu, Andreas Greiser, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Pil-Ki Min, Chul Hwan Park, Eui-Young Choi, Young Won Yoon, Sung Ho Hwang, Yoo Jin Hong, Mun Young Paek, Byoung Kwon Lee, and Tae Hoon Kim
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Reperfusion therapy, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Edema, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Prospective cohort study, Cardiac imaging, Aged, Edema, Cardiac, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Myocardium, Reproducibility of Results, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Case-Control Studies, Predictive value of tests, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Stents, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: This study evaluates the clinical usefulness of T2 mapping for the detection of myocardial edema in the re-perfused acute myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac MRIs were reviewed in 20 patients who had acute MI after reperfusion therapy. The regional T2 values and T2-weighted image (T2WI) signal intensities (SI) were measured in the infarcted and remote zones of the myocardium. Patients were divided into three groups according to the signal patterns of the infarcted myocardium on the T2WIs. The T2 values of the infarcted zones were compared on the T2 maps among the three groups. Validation of the T2 values was performed in the normal myocardium of seven healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences in mean T2WI-SI or T2 values in the normal myocardium of healthy volunteers compared to the remote myocardium of acute MI patients (p > 0.05). Mean SI on the T2WIs was significantly higher in the infarcted myocardium (81.3 ± 37.6) than in the remote myocardium (63.8 ± 18.1) (p < 0.05). The T2WIs showed high SI in ten patients (group 1), iso-SI in seven (group 2), and low SI in three (group 3) in the infarcted myocardium, compared to the remote myocardium. The T2 maps showed that T2 values in the infarcted myocardium had mostly increased, regardless of group, with values of 71 ± 9 ms in group 1, 64.9 ± 7.4 ms in group 2, and 61.4 ± 8.5 ms in group 3. T2 mapping is superior to T2WI for detecting areas of high SI in the infarcted myocardium. Therefore, quantitative T2 mapping sequences may be more useful and reliable in identifying myocardial edema in the infarcted myocardium than T2WI.
Published: 2013
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48. Local increase in microparticles from the aspirate of culprit coronary arteries in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Author: Bum-Kee Hong, Minhee Cho, Kwang-Hoe Chung, Pil-Ki Min, Sung-Yu Hong, Byoung Kwon Lee, Da-Lyung Lee, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Eui-Young Choi, Se-Joong Rim, Young Won Yoon, and Jong Youn Kim
Subjects: Blood Platelets, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Artery Disease, Phosphatidylserines, Coronary artery disease, Coronary circulation, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Coronary thrombosis, Cell-Derived Microparticles, Coronary Circulation, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Aged, Coagulants, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Thrombosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Coronary Vessels, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Coronary arteries, surgical procedures, operative, medicine.anatomical_structure, Case-Control Studies, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Artery
Abstract: Objective It has been reported that the levels of procoagulant microparticles (MPs) are increased in patients with acute coronary syndromes and this may contribute to the formation of intracoronary thrombi. In the current study, we investigated the presence of locally elevated MPs within the culprit coronary arteries of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods The study population consisted of 45 patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 16 control patients. Before and after PCI, blood samples were collected from the femoral artery and from the culprit coronary arteries. In controls, only peripheral blood was obtained. MPs were measured by a solid-phase capture assay using a commercial kit. The cell origins of MPs were determined by antigenic capture with specific antibodies. Results Baseline levels of MPs in patients with STEMI were higher than in controls. Before PCI, the levels of MPs were significantly higher in culprit coronary arteries than in peripheral arteries in STEMI patients (20.7 ± 15.5 vs. 14.6 ± 15.4 nM phosphatidylserine (PS) equivalent, p = 0.027). MPs from the culprit coronary artery were significantly reduced after PCI (20.7 ± 15.5 vs. 14.3 ± 14.9 nM PS equivalent, p = 0.010). Similarly, the locally increased levels of endothelial- and platelet-derived MPs within the culprit coronary arteries were significantly decreased after PCI. Conclusion Locally increased levels of MPs in culprit coronary arteries and their significant reduction after successful PCI suggest a potential role in coronary atherothrombosis in the early period of STEMI.
Published: 2013
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49. Left Atrial Function Assessed by Doppler Echocardiography Rather Than Left Atrial Volume Predicts Recurrence in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Author: Young Won Yoon, Bum-Kee Hong, Se-Joong Rim, Jong Youn Kim, Hyemoon Chung, Jeonggeun Moon, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Eui-Young Choi, Pil-Ki Min, Byoung Kwon Lee, and Ji Hyun Yoon
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Atrial fibrillation, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Doppler echocardiography, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ventricle, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Mass index, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PaAF) may present as a single self-terminating episode of atrial fibrillation (AF) or a more persistent form after sinus conversion. We investigated predictors of recurrence in patients with PaAF. Hypothesis Left atrial function would be an useful parameter for predicting PaAF recurrence. Methods The study population included 228 PaAF patients (131 males, age 64 ± 14 years) who underwent transthoracic echocardiography immediately after spontaneous sinus conversion at initial AF diagnosis. We followed the study patients for AF recurrence. Results AF recurrence was demonstrated in 45 patients (20%, age 68 ± 13 years) after spontaneous sinus conversion. Patients with recurrence had larger left atrial volume index (32 ± 12 vs 25 ± 10 mL/m2, P
Published: 2013
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50. The efficacy and safety of co-administration of fimasartan and rosuvastatin to patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia

Author: Sang-Hyun Kim, Jun Kwan, Tae Ho Park, Shung Chull Chae, Kiyuk Chang, Taehoon Ahn, Chi Young Shim, Kook Jin Chun, Jae Kean Ryu, Tae Soo Kang, Doo Il Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, In Ho Chae, Seung Jae Joo, Young Won Yoon, Deuk Young Nah, Hong Seog Seo, Ki Chul Sung, Seok Yeon Kim, Jin Ok Jeong, Moo Yong Rhee, Seung-Jea Tahk, Dong Gu Shin, Wan Joo Shim, Hae Young Lee, Sung Yun Lee, Dong Joo Oh, Seung Woo Park, and Tae Hyun Yang
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypercholesterolemia, Diastole, Tetrazoles, 02 engineering and technology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, Rosuvastatin, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Fimasartan, In patient, Rosuvastatin Calcium, reproductive and urinary physiology, Hypertension, Aged, Life Change, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Anticholesteremic Agents, Biphenyl Compounds, hemic and immune systems, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biological factors, Pyrimidines, embryonic structures, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers, Dyslipidemia, medicine.drug, Co administration, Research Article
Abstract: Background Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the co-administration of fimasartan and rosuvastatin in patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Methods We conducted a randomized double-blind and parallel-group trial. Patients who met eligible criteria after 4 weeks of therapeutic life change were randomly assigned to the following groups. 1) co-administration of fimasartan 120 mg/rosuvastatin 20 mg (FMS/RSV), 2) fimasartan 120 mg (FMS) alone 3) rosuvastatin 20 mg (RSV) alone. Drugs were administered once daily for 8 weeks. Results Of 140 randomized patients, 135 for whom efficacy data were available were analyzed. After 8 weeks of treatment, the FMS/RSV treatment group showed greater reductions in sitting systolic (siSBP) and diastolic (siDBP) blood pressures than those in the group receiving RSV alone (both p
Published: 2017

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