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Olfactory dysfunction is considered a pre-cognitive biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Because the olfactory system is highly conserved across species, mouse models corresponding to various AD etiologies have been bred and used in numerous studies on olfactory disorders. The olfactory behavior test is a method required for early olfactory dysfunction detection in AD model mice. Here, we review the olfactory evaluation of AD model mice, focusing on traditional olfactory detection methods, olfactory behavior involving the olfactory cortex, and the results of olfactory behavior in AD model mice, aiming to provide some inspiration for further development of olfactory detection methods in AD model mice.

Based on the dual-gated silicene, we have evaluated theoretically the spin-dependent transport in lateral resonant tunneling structure. By aligning the completely valley-polarized beam with spin-resolved well state in concerned structure, large spin polarization can be expected owing to spin-dependent resonant tunneling mechanism. Under the gate electric field modulation, the forming quantum well state can be externally manipulated, triggering further the emergence of externally-controllable spin polarization. Importantly, integrating the considered structure with a proper valley-filter, which might be constructed from valley-contrasting physics as that in graphene valleytronics, completely-polarized spin beam can also be attained without the assistance of ferromagnetic component, providing thus some profitable strategies to develop nonmagnetic spintronic devices residing on silicene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have theoretically studied fundamental shot noise properties in single- and dual-gated silicene nanostructures. It is demonstrated here that due to the intrinsic spin–orbit gap, the Fano factor (F) in the biased structures does not coincide with the characteristic value F = 1/3, a value frequently reported for a graphene system. Under gate-field modulations, the F in the gated structure can be efficiently engineered and the specific evolution of the F versus the field strength is symmetric with the center of spectra oppositely shifting away from the zero field condition for the valley or spin-coupled spinor states. This field-dependent hysteretic loop thus offers some flexible methods to distinguish one spinor state from its valley or spin-coupled state via their numerical difference in the F once the incident beam is spin or valley-polarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]