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Forest recreation not only enables directly creates impacts on the entire tourism industry but also indirectly creates effects on other industries composed in an economic system via inter-industrial interdependence, such as backward and forward linkages or interactions. However, due to the lack of data available, few studies have been made exclusively for evaluating the impacts of forest recreation on the economy in a national dimension. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the economic impacts of the forest recreation industry. Using an input–output modeling approach, the industrial linkage and a cluster of economic multipliers are estimated based on new input–output tables for 2012, 2017, and 2018 that includes the forest recreation industry. The results indicate that, first, both the forward and backward linkages caused by forest recreation show rising trends over the analysis periods and the backward linkages are stronger than forward linkages. Second, the economic contribution of forest recreation has been strengthened, although the multipliers have shown a downward trend. The total output impact in 2018 is calculated to be $838.187 billion, with a total added impact of $352.713 billion. Furthermore, forest recreation could create over 18 million jobs with an average annual growth rate of 15.73%, which are mainly in the catering, accommodation, and retail industries with low skill requirements. Finally, policy applications are proposed to provide reliable and useful information for future planning and investment decision associated with the forestry and ecotourism industry.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers among women with high recurrence rates all over the world. Recently, the molecular mechanism of CC has been gradually uncovered in accumulating reports. This study aimed to investigate the function and upstream regulation mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in CC cells, which was verified as an oncogene in several cancers. Through RT-qPCR assay, we discovered that PDK4 was highly expressed in CC cells. Then, it was demonstrated in function assays that PDK4 facilitated CC cell proliferation and invasion, but inhibited CC cell apoptosis. Next, we sought to determine the upstream genes of PDK4, and miR-103a-3p was identified to target PDK4. Then, through bioinformatics tools and a range of mechanism assays, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 662 (LINC00662) was verified as the sponge of miR-103a-3p. Moreover, LINC00662 positively modulated PDK4 expression via competitively binding to miR-103a-3p in CC cells. Subsequently, rescue assays demonstrated that LINC00662 accelerated CC cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis through upregulating PDK4. Furthermore, forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) was verified to activate transcription of both LINC00662 and PDK4. Taken together, our study revealed a novel ceRNA pattern of LINC00662/miR-103a-3p/PDK4 with FOXA1 as a transcription factor of LINC00662 and PDK4 in CC cells.

NLRP3-PYD inflammasome activates an inflammatory pathway in response to a wide variety of cell damage or infections. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammatory signaling has many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. NLRP3 and ASC have a PYD, a superfamily member of the Death Domain, which plays a key role in inflammatory assembly. The ASC interacts with NLRP3 through a homotypic PYD and recruits the procaspase-1 through a homotypic caspase recruitment domain interaction. Here, we used several computational approaches to reveal the interactions of the NLRP3 and ASC PYD domains that lead to the activation of the inflammasome complex. We have characterized ASC and NLRP3-PYD intermolecular interactions by protein-protein docking, and further molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability of NLRP3/ASC-PYD complex. Subsequently, we have identified several residues that stabilize the NLRP3/ASC-PYD complex in different faces (i.e., Face-1 to Face-4). The research framework offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of inflammasome and apoptosis signaling as well as the ease of the drug discovery process.

PURPOSE: To analyze clinical and thin-section computed tomographic (CT) data from the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to predict the development of pulmonary fibrosis after hospital discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine patients (31 males and 28 females ranging from 25 to 70 years old) with confirmed COVID-19 infection performed follow-up thin-section thorax CT. After 31.5±7.9 days (range, 24 to 39 days) of hospital admission, the results of CT were analyzed for parenchymal abnormality (ground-glass opacification, interstitial thickening, and consolidation) and evidence of fibrosis (parenchymal band, traction bronchiectasis, and irregular interfaces). Patients were analyzed based on the evidence of fibrosis and divided into two groups namely, groups A and B (with and without CT evidence of fibrosis), respectively. Patient demographics, length of stay (LOS), rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, peak C-reactive protein level, and CT score were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Among the 59 patients, 89.8% (53/59) had a typical transition from early phase to advanced phase and advanced phase to dissipating phase. Also, 39% (23/59) patients developed fibrosis (group A), whereas 61% (36/59) patients did not show definite fibrosis (group B). Patients in group A were older (mean age, 45.4±16.9 vs. 33.8±10.2 years) (P = 0.001), with longer LOS (19.1±5.2 vs. 15.0±2.5 days) (P = 0.001), higher rate of ICU admission (21.7% (5/23) vs. 5.6% (2/36)) (P = 0.061), higher peak C-reactive protein level (30.7±26.4 vs. 18.1±17.9 mg/L) (P = 0.041), and higher maximal CT score (5.2±4.3 vs. 4.0±2.2) (P = 0.06) than those in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary fibrosis may develop early in patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge. Older patients with severe illness during treatment were more prone to develop fibrosis according to thin-section CT results.

Although medical imaging is frequently used to diagnose diseases, in complex diagnostic situations, specialists typically need to look at different modalities of image information. Creating a composite multimodal medical image can aid professionals in making quick and accurate diagnoses of diseases. The fused images of many medical image fusion algorithms, however, are frequently unable to precisely retain the functional and structural information of the source image. This work develops an end-to-end model based on GAN (U-Patch GAN) to implement the self-supervised fusion of multimodal brain images in order to enhance the fusion quality. The model uses the classical network U-net as the generator, and it uses the dual adversarial mechanism based on the Markovian discriminator (PatchGAN) to enhance the generator's attention to high-frequency information. To ensure that the network satisfies the Lipschitz continuity, we apply the spectral norm to each layer of the network. We also propose better adversarial loss and feature loss (feature matching loss and VGG-16 perceptual loss) based on the F-norm, which significantly enhance the quality of fused images. On public data sets, we performed a lot of tests. First, we studied how clinically useful the fused image was. The model's performance in single-slice images and continuous-slice images was then confirmed by comparison with other six most popular mainstream fusion approaches. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the adversarial loss and feature loss.

To explore the application of computed tomography (CT)-enhanced radiomics for the risk-grade prediction of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). GIST patients (n = 292) confirmed by surgery or endoscopic pathology during June 2013–2019 were reviewed and categorized into low-grade (very low to low risk) and high-grade (medium to high risk) groups. The tumor region of interest (ROI) was depicted layer by layer on each patient’s enhanced CT venous phase images using the ITK-SNAP. The texture features were extracted using the Analysis Kit (AK) and then randomly divided into the training (n = 205) and test (n = 87) groups in a ratio of 7:3. After dimension reduction by the least absolute shrinkage and the selection operator algorithm (LASSO), a prediction model was constructed using the logistic regression method. The clinical data of the two groups were statistically analyzed, and the multivariate regression prediction model was constructed by using statistically significant features. The ROC curve was applied to evaluate the prediction performance of the proposed model. A radiomics-prediction model was constructed based on 10 characteristic parameters selected from 396 quantitative feature parameters extracted from the CT images. The proposed radiomics model exhibited effective risk-grade prediction of GIST. For the training group, the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate were 0.793 (95%CI: 0.733–0.854), 83.3%, 64.3%, and 72.7%, respectively; the corresponding values for the test group were 0.791 (95%CI: 0.696–0.886), 84.2%, 69.3%, and 75.9%, respectively. There were significant differences in age (t value: − 3.133, P = 0.008), maximum tumor diameter (Z value: − 12.163, P = 0.000) and tumor morphology (χ2 value:10.409, P = 0.001) between the two groups, which were used to establish a clinical prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the clinical model was 0.718 (95%CI: 0.659–0.776). The proposed CT-enhanced radiomics model exhibited better accuracy and effective performance than the clinical model, which can be used for the assessment of risk grades of GIST.

Purpose To analyze clinical and thin-section computed tomographic (CT) data from the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to predict the development of pulmonary fibrosis after hospital discharge. Materials and methods Fifty-nine patients (31 males, 28 females; mean age: 41 years, range: 25 to 70 years) with confirmed COVID-19 infection performed follow-up thin-section CT of the thorax. After 31.5 days of hospital admission, the results of thin-section CT were analyzed for parenchymal abnormality (ground-glass opacification, interstitial thickening, and consolidation) and evidence of fibrosis (parenchymal band, traction bronchiectasis, and irregular interfaces). Patients were analyzed based on the evidence of fibrosis and divided into two groups, group A (with CT evidence of fibrosis) and group B (without CT evidence of fibrosis). Patient demographics, length of stay (LOS), rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, peak C-reactive protein level, and CT score were compared between the two groups. Results Among the 59 patients, 89.8% (53/59) patients had a typical transition from early phase to advanced phase and advanced phase to dissipating phase. Out of 59 patients, 39% (23/59) patients developed fibrosis (group A), whereas 61% (36/59) patients did not show definite fibrosis (group B). Patients in group A were older (mean age, 45.4 vs. 33.8 years), with longer LOS (19.1 vs. 15.0 days), higher rate of ICU admission (21.7% (5/23) vs. 5.6% (2/36)), higher peak C-reactive protein level (30.7 vs. 18.1 mg/L), and higher maximal CT score (5.2 vs. 4.0) than those in group B. Conclusions Pulmonary fibrosis may develop early in patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge. Older patients with severe illness during treatment were more prone to develop fibrosis according to thin-section CT results., Highlights • Pulmonary fibrosis may develop early in patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge. • Older patients with severe illness during treatment were more prone to develop fibrosis. • Imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia seem to be milder than SARS.

Recreational fishery (RF) integrates the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, which has been playing an irreplaceable role in protecting fishery ecological system, conserving fishing resources and creating employment opportunities for local fishery farmers in China. Unfortunately, due to the lack of economic value information, makes current RF management strategies problematic, especially in terms of resource allocation and prioritization of management tasks. To fill such a gap, we employ the tourist satisfaction approach (TSA) to estimate the value of RF resources. In particular, IV-OProbit is used to solve the endogenous issue of the impact of travel costs on travel satisfaction. The results show that travel cost has a significant negative effect on tourist satisfaction. Other attributes, such as the number of RF activities, size of fishing area, water clarity, vegetation coverage, as well as the number of fishing spots all have significant positive effects on tourist satisfaction, and their average MWTP is ¥372.21 ($56.24), ¥123.04 ($18.59), ¥67.47 ($10.19), ¥47.19 ($7.13), and ¥10.14 ($1.53), respectively. Besides, we also find that non-local female tourists with higher income and younger age seem to have higher WTP to improve attributes quality compared to local male tourists with lower income and older age. Furthermore, the local and non-local tourists also show divergent preferences where the locals prefer a large fishing area, while the non-locals prioritize their preference on the diversity of leisure activities. Accordingly, we put forward the general measures and specific measures to protect and enhance the development of recreational fishery.

Objective As an extracellular vesicle, exosomes can release from virus-infected cells containing various viral or host cellular elements and could stimulate recipient's cellular response. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, is known to cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and bring about severe clinical diseases. Methods Separated the human oral epithelial cells (OE cells) from normal buccal mucosa through enzyme digestion. Performed a comprehensive miRNA profiling in exosomes from EV71-infected OE cells through deep small RNA-seq. Using the Human Antiviral Response RT Profiler PCR Array profiles to explore the interactions of innate immune signaling networks with exosomal miR-30a. Knocked out the MyD88 gene in macrophages using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing method. Results Our study demonstrated that the miR-30a was preferentially enriched in exosomes that released from EV71-infected human oral epithelial cells through small RNA-seq. We found that the transfer of exosomal miR-30a to macrophages could suppress type Ⅰ interferon response through targeting myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and subsequently facilitate the viral replication. Conclusions Exosomes released from EV71-infected OE cells selectively packaged high level of miR-30a that can be functionally transferred to the recipient macrophages resulted in targeting MyD88 and subsequently inhibited type I interferon production in receipt cells, thus promoting the EV71 replication.

The purpose of this research is to, by taking Wuhan city as an example, build Tobit model to calculate and analysis the influencing factors of urban land use efficiency so as to provide reference for improving urban land use efficiency. Methods employed include Tobit model. The results show that: 1)the significant factors influencing the land use efficiency of Wuhan city in 2014-2016 are urban per capita disposable income, urban fixed asset investment and urban population scale, 2) the influencing factors of urban land use efficiency and its influencing degree change dynamically at different time periods, and can be greatly influenced by land policy, 3)Tobit model can analyze the specific influencing factors of land use efficiency and the degree of influence from the quantitative point of view.

The purpose of this research is to, by taking Wuhan city as an example, build the super-efficiency DEA to calculate and analysis the urban land use efficiency so as to provide reference for improving urban land use efficiency. Methods employed include super-efficiency DEA. The results show that: 1) the overall land use efficiency of Wuhan city in 2010-2016 is relatively high, most of the regional land use efficiency is relatively effective, but the difference of land use efficiency is relatively large, 2) super-efficiency DEA model can effectively measure and distinguish the urban land use efficiency from the quantitative point of view.

With the continuous deepening of the new urbanization process, some contradictions in its development process become increasingly obvious, among which the environmental problems are particularly prominent. People’s demands for green residential towns are further raised, and the concepts of ecological city, green town and sustainable development society are put forward. In this paper, new urbanization and “green” are linked to determine the concept and connotation of green new urbanization. Under the core connotation of the green perspective, the level of new urbanization in Anhui Province is analyzed from four levels of green economy, green environment, green living and green foundation, thus promote the healthy and benign development of new urbanization and provide an opportunity to improve the mechanism of regional ecological coordinated development.

This paper provides an analysis of a public service advertising in terms of a metaphor: A SEAT BELT IS A FAMILY, a variant of the metaphor A CAR IS A LIVING ROOM. The analysis shows how aspects of metaphors and metonymies surface in various modes and how metaphor and metonymy interaction fulfils different cognitive and persuasive roles in a multimodal genre. This paper proposes that two domains are reversible in multimodal discourse; metonymy is more fundamental than metaphor and the former serves as the basis and motivation for the latter. Because of genric features of PSA, the “embodied” aspects of metaphors and metonymies need to be universally comprehensible.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite markers were developed in Myrica rubra to investigate potential hybridization events within or between M. rubra and its closely related species. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an ISSR-suppression PCR method, 12 primer pairs were temporarily developed with GSG(GT)(6) as the primer for enriching microsatellite sequences and the genomic DNA of M. rubra cv. 'Heijing' as template. The average allele number per locus was 4.9 within 26 individuals including two species, M. rubra and M. nana. Three pairs of primers produced species-specific alleles, and the other nine showed polymorphisms among 26 accessions. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the ISSR-suppression PCR method is suitable for developing microsatellite markers, especially for this species with little understanding of genomic information. The developed microsatellite markers provide a useful tool for further studies of population structure within or between M. rubra and M. nana or other closely related species.