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Abstract Background Over the past few years, the development of telerehabilitation has advanced rapidly. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) often have difficulty with mobility, making it challenging for them to perform centre-based exercise.This study aims to compare the effectiveness and adherence of home physical therapy (HPT) and telerehabilitation (TR) in mitigating motor symptoms and improving the quality of life in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease. Methods This randomized controlled trial included a total of 190 patients who underwent in-person eligibility assessment, with 100 allocated to the HPT group and 90 to the TR group. Both interventions consisted of home-based training sessions lasting 40–60 min and were conducted five times a week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor section (UPDRS3) score. Secondary outcomes included balance function, assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS); risk of fall, evaluated through the Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG) and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand test (FTSST); gait, measured using the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) and IDEEA activity monitor; muscle strength, evaluated using the isokinetic dynamometry; motor aspects of experiences of daily living (UPDRS2); and quality of life, assessed by Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39). Results There was a significant difference in the UPDRS3, BBS, TUG, FTSST, FOGQ,step length, step velocity,preswing angle, UPDRS2 and PDQ-39 between baseline and 4 weeks in both groups. The decrease in the UPDRS3 score was significantly greater in the HPT group (-3.38 points) than in the RE group (-1.45 points) in the older age group (P = 0.021), but there was no significant between-group difference in the younger age group (P = 0.416). Similar changes favouring the HPT group were observed in the BBS, TUG, step velocity, and extension average torque. 7 (7%) patients in the HPT group and 12 (13%) patients in the TR group did not complete their daily exercise plan. Conclusions Both HPT and TR have demonstrated effectiveness, safety, and feasibility in PwPD. However, the HPT program exhibited greater effectiveness among older patients and higher patient compliance compared to TR. Trial registration Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2300071648. Registered on 22 May 2023—retrospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=196313 .

BackgroundSarcopenia is closely associated with a poor quality of life and mortality, and its prevention and treatment represent a critical area of research. Resistance training is an effective treatment for older adults with sarcopenia. However, they often face challenges when receiving traditional rehabilitation treatments at hospitals. ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the effects of a digital rehabilitation program with those of traditional therapist-supervised rehabilitation training on older adults with sarcopenia. MethodsIn total, 58 older adults with sarcopenia were recruited offline and randomized (1:1) into 2 groups: the telerehabilitation group (TRG, n=29, 50%) and the in-person rehabilitation group (IRG, n=29, 50%). Both groups underwent 4-week resistance training targeting 6 major muscle groups. The TRG received exercise guidance via a mobile app, while the IRG received in-person training from a therapist. Offline assessments of body composition, grip strength, and balance using the 30-Second Arm Curl Test (30SACT), 30-Second Sitting-to-Rising Test (30SSRT), quadriceps femoris extension peak torque (EPT) and extension total power (ETP), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUGT), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, were conducted before and after the intervention. ResultsOf the 58 patients, 51 (88%; TRG: n=24, 47%; IRG: n=27, 53%) completed the trial. After 4 weeks of intervention, the mean grip strength increased from 18.10 (SD 5.56) to 19.92 (SD 5.90) kg in the TRG (P=.02) and from 18.59 (SD 5.95) to 19.59 (SD 6.11) kg in the IRG (P=.01). The 30SACT and 30SSRT scores increased from 12.48 (SD 2.68) to 14.94 (SD 3.68) times (P=.01) and from 15.16 (SD 7.23) to 16.58 (SD 8.42) times (P=.045), respectively, in the TRG and from 12.25 (SD 4.19) to 14.68 (SD 4.36) times (P=.003) and from 14.31 (SD 4.04) to 16.25 (SD 4.91) times (P=.01), respectively, in the IRG. The quadriceps femoris EPT increased from 26.19 (SD 10.26) to 35.00 (SD 13.74) Nm (P=.004) in the TRG and from 26.95 (SD 11.81) to 32.74 (SD 12.33) Nm (P=.003) in the IRG. The BBS scores significantly improved in both groups (P

ObjectivesTo analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment modalities of heat stroke (HS) and to identify risk factors for a poor prognosis of HS and provide reference suggestions for its treatment and prevention.Measurements and main resultsWe enrolled a total of 247 patients, with hypertension, diabetes, and psychosis being the top three comorbidities associated with HS. The incidence of HS was higher among males and older individuals. Compared to the control group, the poor prognosis group experienced higher temperatures, a higher incidence of cerebral edema, and gastrointestinal bleeding (all p

Abstract Liquid‐solid tubular triboelectric nanogenerators (LST‐TENGs) hold significant promise for environmental mechanical energy harvesting due to advantages such as low wear, long service life and simple fabrication. However, the lack of unified standards and norms of design leads the output performance still being lower than that of traditional solid‐solid TENGs. In this study, we first report a comprehensive set of standards for designing high‐performance LST‐TENGs based on several of the most critical factors, including the selection of triboelectric materials, the choice of motion modes, and the determination of structural parameters. Guided by the designing standards, the charge generation capability of LST‐TENGs is optimized and enhanced by over 100‐fold. The transferred charge can reach up to 3.4 μC, which is a new record for all kinds of LST‐TENGs. Notably, the practical application potential of design standards has been demonstrated in the actual harvesting of wave energy. This study establishes a fundamental design standard for designing high‐performance LST‐TENGs and holds excellent potential to accelerate the industrialization of TENGs.

Blue-green eggs exhibit unique shell color; however, compared to commercial layers, blue-green eggshell chickens have lower egg production and lack uniform shell colors. Aiming to confirm the molecular mechanisms that affect shell color and egg production, this study collected the uteruses of 12 blue-green eggshell chickens (BG group) and six Hy-Line layers (Brown group), which had significantly different shell color indexes (SCI) and egg numbers at 300 days of age (EN300). Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analyses were subsequently performed. BG hens were divided into two groups for comparative analysis (BGblue vs. BGgreen and BGlow vs. BGhigh, respectively), based on the differences in SCI and EN300, respectively. The result of weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis showed that the sequenced and mapped 16,785 genes were clustered into 18 modules, among which six modules with a total of 4270 genes were highly correlated with SCI and EN300 traits. Five hundred and eleven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) belonged to the six key modules. Through KEGG mapping, GO enrichment, and Cytoscape network analysis, nine Hub genes were tightly associated with SCI and EN300. The up-regulated genes were CCR2, CCR8, CD40LG, IL18RAP, INHBA, and P2RY13, while the down-regulated genes were ABCA13, ADCY2, and GRM1. Co-analyses with the results of comparisons between the BG subgroups revealed that the expression of solute carrier (SLC) proteins and ABC transporters were highly related to eggshell color, while cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions were key pathways affecting egg production. The expression of extracellular cytokines and membrane receptors were significantly up-regulated in low-yield chickens. The candidate DEGs and pathways found in the study will assist in clarifying the molecular mechanisms affecting shell color and egg production, and improve the breeding of blue-green eggshell chickens.

Study Region:: Africa, with its diverse climatic zones from the humid Congo Basin to the arid Sahara Desert, where groundwater is influenced by climate variability, land use, and human activities. Study Focus:: The main objective is to estimate groundwater recharge across Africa from 2003 to 2023 using a novel approach that uses GRACE-derived groundwater storage changes. New Hydrological Insights for the Region:: This study provides new insights into the spatial patterns and temporal variability of groundwater recharge across Africa, highlighting the influence of climate variability on the continent’s groundwater resources. Key findings include distinct regional differences in recharge, with higher values in humid regions like the Congo Basin and lower values in arid regions like the Sahara Desert. Substantial interannual variability in recharge is largely driven by year-to-year variations in precipitation and modulated by major modes of climate variability, especially the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The sensitivity of groundwater recharge to hydroclimatic extremes, with droughts causing significant declines and wet periods leading to above-average replenishment. Regions with low recharge rates or high variability, such as Northern Africa, are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts and unsustainable groundwater abstraction. The findings emphasize the need for sustainable groundwater management strategies that consider the spatial and temporal variability of recharge, as well as the potential impacts of climate change on groundwater resources.

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study is to assess the impact of smoking on stroke prevalence and to delineate the relationship between smoking-related factors and the risk of stroke, incorporating an analysis of demographic variations influencing this association. Methods Our analysis encompassed 9,176 participants, evaluating clinical attributes alongside smoking-related characteristics such as duration of cigarette consumption, and levels of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide. We employed weighted univariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines to examine the association between smoking indicators and stroke risk, complemented by subgroup analyses for demographic differentiation. Results The overall prevalence of stroke in our cohort was 3.4%. Statistically significant associations were found between stroke incidence and factors such as age, gender, education, and marital status (p

AimTo investigate the correlation between motor function and health-related quality of life (HrQOL) in early to mid-stage patients with Parkinson disease (PwP).MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited PwP from April 2020 to December 2023 at the outpatient clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China. The motor symptoms were assessed using Movement Disorder Society–sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part 3. Balance function was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the risk of fall using Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG), and Five Times Sit-to-Stand test (FTSST). Freezing of gait questionnaire (FOGQ) was used to evaluate the severity of gait. The Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity (IDEEA) recorded gait cycle parameters, and the isokinetic dynamometer measured muscle strength. The Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) was used to measure HrQOL. All assessments were tested during the on state. Spearman correlation was conducted to evaluate the correlation between motor function and HrQOL.Results243 patients with mean age of 69.33 years were enrolled. The PDQ-39 score was strongly correlated with FOG in H&Y stage III (r = 0.653, p

Abstract Protein complexes are highly dynamic entities that display substantial diversity in their assembly, post-translational modifications, and non-covalent interactions, allowing them to play critical roles in various biological processes. The heterogeneity, dynamic nature, and low abundance of protein complexes in their native states present challenges to study using conventional structural biology techniques. Here we develop a native nanoproteomics strategy for the enrichment and subsequent native top-down mass spectrometry (nTDMS) analysis of endogenous cardiac troponin (cTn) complex directly from human heart tissue. The cTn complex is enriched and purified using peptide-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles under non-denaturing conditions to enable the isotopic resolution of cTn complex, revealing their complex structure and assembly. Moreover, nTDMS elucidates the stoichiometry and composition of the cTn complex, localizes Ca2+ binding domains, defines cTn-Ca2+ binding dynamics, and provides high-resolution mapping of the proteoform landscape. This native nanoproteomics strategy opens a paradigm for structural characterization of endogenous native protein complexes.

The giant protein titin is an essential component of muscle sarcomeres. A single titin molecule spans half a sarcomere and mediates diverse functions along its length by virtue of its unique domains. The A-band of titin functions as a molecular blueprint that defines the length of the thick filaments, the I-band constitutes a molecular spring that determines cell-based passive stiffness, and various domains, including the Z-disk, I-band, and M-line, serve as scaffolds for stretch-sensing signaling pathways that mediate mechanotransduction. This review aims to discuss recent insights into titin’s functional roles and their relationship to cardiac function. The role of titin in heart diseases, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target, is also discussed.

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are both laboratory evidence and causative factors for a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), with thrombotic and obstetric events being the most prevalent. Despite the aPL-triggered vasculopathy nature of APS, vasculitic-like manifestations rarely exist in APS and mainly appear associated with other concurrent connective tissue diseases like systemic lupus erythematous. Several studies have characterized pulmonary capillaritis related to pathogenic aPL, suggesting vasculitis as a potential associated non-thrombotic manifestation. Here, we describe a 15-year-old girl who develops hepatic infarction in the presence of highly positive aPL, temporally related to prior non-severe COVID-19 infection. aPL-related hepatic vasculitis, which has not been reported before, contributes to liver ischemic necrosis. Immunosuppression therapy brings about favorable outcomes. Our case together with retrieved literature provides supportive evidence for aPL-related vasculitis, extending the spectrum of vascular changes raised by pathogenic aPL. Differentiation between thrombotic and vasculitic forms of vascular lesions is essential for appropriate therapeutic decision to include additional immunosuppression therapy. We also perform a systematic review to characterize the prevalence and clinical features of new-onset APS and APS relapses after COVID-19 for the first time, indicating the pathogenicity of aPL in a subset of COVID-19 patients.

In this study, the neuroprotective potential of tanshinone IIA (TIIA)-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were investigated using a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. The cognitive performance of the mice was assessed using the Y-maze and Morris water maze tests, while immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were employed to evaluate the hippocampal expression of pertinent markers and inflammatory factors, respectively. The results from the behavioral experiments demonstrated discernible differences in learning and memory abilities between the model group and the control group (P

Abstract Background Sandplay therapy is a psychotherapeutic technique, based on the psychoanalytic theory of the unconscious. Nearly a century after it was developed, sandplay can now be applied for the initial diagnosis tools for sand players. The goal of the current research is to demonstrate the role of sandplay in identifying internet-addicted adolescents in China. The study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity for sandplay as a diagnosis and evaluation tool for internet addiction symptoms, and to verify the consistency that exists between results based on sandplay pictures and those based on the Pathological Internet Usage Scale for Adolescents (APIUS). Methods The research was conducted with a 2 × 2 mixed factorial design – two types of participants (addicts and non-addicts) and two types of sandplay pictures (pictures for addicts and pictures for non-addicts). An absolute recognition-judgment paradigm was used along with eye movement evaluations to evaluate the existing initial sandplay picture system for internet addiction symptoms (22 sandplay pictures, 11 related to addicts and 11 related to non-addicts, respectively). Sixty Chinese adolescents were selected as the participants (30 as addicts and 30 as non-addicts) according to the APIUS. Results (1) The initial sandplay pictures for internet addicts are clearly preferred by Chinese internet-addicted adolescents, which are more familiar and easier to process; (2) Such pictures have a higher level of emotional arousal and cognitive resonance for the addicts; (3) Track and heat maps indicate that young internet addicts mainly fixate on the initial sandplay pictures for internet addicts. Conclusion This initial sandplay picture system can be used to screen and identify young Chinese internet addicts based on symptoms, and the evaluation results are consistent with those based on the APIUS.

Abstract Background Copy-number variants (CNVs) drive many neurodevelopmental-related disorders. Although many neurodevelopmental-related CNVs can give rise to widespread phenotypes, it is necessary to identify the major genes contributing to phenotypic presentation. Copy-number variations in chromosome 6, such as independent 6p deletion and 6p duplication, have been reported in several live-born infants and present widespread abnormalities such as intellectual disability, growth deficiency, developmental delay, and multiple dysmorphic facial features. However, a contiguous deletion and duplication in chromosome 6p regions have been reported in only a few cases. Case presentation In this study, we reported the first duplication of chromosome band 6p25.3–p22.3 with deletion of 6p25.3 in a pedigree. This is the first case reported involving CNVs in these chromosomal regions. In this pedigree, we reported a 1-year-old boy with maternal 6p25-pter duplication characterized by chromosome karyotype. Further analysis using CNV-seq revealed a 20.88-Mb duplication at 6p25.3-p22.3 associated with a contiguous 0.66-Mb 6p25.3 deletion. Whole exome sequencing confirmed the deletion/duplication and identified no pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants related with the patient´s phenotype. The proband presented abnormal growth, developmental delay, skeletal dysplasia, hearing loss, and dysmorphic facial features. Additionally, he presented recurrent infection after birth. CNV-seq using the proband´s parental samples showed that the deletion/duplication was inherited from the proband´s mother, who exhibited a similar phenotype to the proband. When compared with other cases, this proband and his mother presented a new clinical finding: forearm bone dysplasia. The major candidate genes contributing to recurrent infection, eye development, hearing loss features, neurodevelopmental development, and congenital bone dysplasia were further discussed. Conclusions Our results showed a new clinical finding of a contiguous deletion and duplication in chromosome 6p regions and suggested candidate genes associated with phenotypic features, such as FOXC1, SERPINB6, NRN1, TUBB2A, IRF4, and RIPK1.

Human interactions have led to the emergence of a higher complexity of urban metabolic networks; hence, traditional natural- or agriculture-oriented biogeochemical models might not be transferred well to urban environments. Increasingly serious environmental problems require the development of new concepts and models. Here, we propose a basic paradigm for urban–rural complex nitrogen (N) metabolic network reconstruction (NMNR) by introducing new concepts and methodologies from systems biology at the molecular scale, analyzing both local and global structural properties and exploring optimization and regulation methods. Using the Great Hangzhou Areas System (GHA) as a case study, we revealed that pathway fluxes follow a power law distribution, which indicates that human-dominated pathways constitute the principal part of the functions of the whole network. However, only 1.16% of the effective cycling pathways and an average hamming distance of only 5.23 between the main pathways indicate that the network lacks diverse pathways and feedback loops, which could lead to low robustness. Furthermore, more than half of the N fluxes did not pass through core metabolism, causing waste and pollution. We also provided strategies to design network structures and regulate system function: improving robustness and reducing pollution by referring to the characteristics of biochemical metabolic networks (e.g., the bow-tie structure). This method can be used to replace the trial-and-error method in system regulation and design. By decomposing the GHA N metabolic network into 4398 metabolic pathways and the corresponding fluxes with a power law distribution, NMNR helps us quantify the vulnerability in the current urban nitrogen cycle. The basic ideas and methodology in NMNR can be applied to coupled human and natural systems to advance global sustainable development studies, and they can also extend systems biology from the molecule to complex ecosystems and lead to the development of multi-scale unified theory in systems biology.

BackgroundPatients with DN (diabetic nephropathy) show remarkable variations in their gut microbiota composition. However, to date, no study has shown whether a causal relationship exists between gut microbiota composition and DN.MethodsHere, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation for identifying causal associations of gut microbiota with DN. Gut microbiota genetic data were gathered from the recent genome-wide association study pooled data of the MiBioGen consortium, which included 24 cohorts and 18,340 individuals.ResultsIVW(Inverse variance weighting) revealed that Verrucomicrobia [odds ratio (OR) = 1.390; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.75; p = 0.005], Peptostreptococcaceae (OR = 1.284; 95% CI = 1.03–1.59; p = 0.012), Verrucomicrobiaceae (OR = 1.390; 95% CI = 1.10–1.75; p = 0.005), Akkermansia (OR = 1.390; 95% CI = 1.10–1.75; p = 0.005), Butyricimonas (OR = 1.261; 95% CI = 1.02–1.55; p = 0.031), Catenibacterium (OR = 1.278; 95% CI = 1.02–1.59; p = 0.030).ConclusionTwo-sample MR analysis identified 12 microbial taxa in gut microbiota (one of which is yet to be officially named) that showed significant causal associations with DN; 8 of these taxa significantly increased the risk of DN, while the remaining 4 taxa (including the one without an official name) reduced the risk of DN. The precise mechanisms influencing the interactions of gut microbiota with DN occurrence remain unclear; hence, additional investigations should be conducted to clarify these mechanisms.

ABSTRACT: The BG line, originated by crossing 2 Chinese indigenous breeds, Dongxiang blue eggshell and Jiangshan black-bone, has been bred for black carcass and blue-greenish eggs. Aiming to study the genetic parameters and selection aspects of these eggshell colors, the 4 colorimeter parameters (L*, a*, b*, SCI = L*−a*−b*) were measured on ∼5 eggs/hen/age (200 d and 300 d) from each hen in 3 generations (G4 = 452, G5 = 508, G6 = 498). Visual eggshell color was classified as either “Light,” “Blue,” “Green,” or “Olive,” and data from G4 and G5 indicated that visual eggshell color was more accurately determined by combining the classifications of single representative egg/hen by 4 independent observers. Based on the apparent gradual variation in visual color, the 4 colors were expressed numerically (Light = 1, Blue = 2, Green = 3, Olive = 4) and the averages of the 4 observers (AveObs) were used as quantitative expression of the visual color of each egg. This expression, in the range from Blue to Olive, was highly significantly correlated with L*, b* and SCI. The a* values were also associated with AveObs, but not linearly; AveObs between 2 (Blue) and 3 (Green) had lowest a*, and it increased as AveObs was more Light (3). The heritability estimates of the colorimeter parameters were mostly very high; those of b* and SCI ranged between 0.7 and 0.8, and those of L* and a* between 0.6 and 0.7, indicating that they can serve as criterions to select for blue and/or green eggshells. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between the colorimeter parameters were highly significant and favorable. It is suggested that effective breeding for blue eggs can be done by selecting hens laying eggs with highest SCI/L* or lowest b* (against green and olive shades), followed by selection for low a* (against light shades). Breeding for green eggs can be done by selecting hens laying eggs with SCI ≈ 75 and/or L* ≈ 80 and/or b* ≈ 12. Breeding for hens that lay either blue or green eggs can be done by selection for low a* values.

Abstract The research presented in this paper introduces a novel environmental energy‐harvesting technology that harnesses electricity from the evaporation of water using porous structural materials. Specifically, a strategy employing paper‐based hydroelectric generators (p‐HEGs) is proposed to capture the energy produced during water evaporation and convert it into usable electricity. The p‐HEGs offer several advantages, including simplicity in fabrication, low cost, and reusability. To evaluate their effectiveness, the water evaporation‐induced electrical output performance of four different p‐HEGs are compared. Among the variants tested, the p‐HEG combining wood pulp and polyester fiber exhibits the best output performance. At room temperature, this particular p‐HEG generates a short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage of ≈0.4 µA and 0.3 V, respectively, thereby demonstrating excellent electrical stability. Furthermore, the electrical current and voltage generated by the p‐HEG through water evaporation are able to power an LED light, both individually and in series and parallel connections. This study delves into the potential of electricity harvesting from water evaporation and establishes it as a viable method for renewable energy applications.

BackgroundSocial media has become one of the primary information sources for medical professionals and patients. Pharmaceutical companies are committed to using various social media platforms to provide stakeholders with digital medical information services (DMISs), which remain experimental and immature. In China, WeChat tops the list of popular social media platforms. To date, little is known about the service model of DMISs delivered by pharmaceutical companies via WeChat. ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the emerging service model of DMISs delivered by pharmaceutical companies via WeChat in China. MethodsThis study applied a qualitative research design combining case study and documentary analysis to explore the DMISs of 6 leading pharmaceutical companies in China. Materials were collected from their official WeChat platforms. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data. ResultsThe DMISs of 6 pharmaceutical companies were investigated. Themes emerged regarding 2 essential information services delivered by pharmaceutical companies via WeChat: business operation services and DMISs (ie, public information services, professional services, science and education services, and e-commerce services). Business operation services mainly function to assist or facilitate the company’s operations and development trends for general visitors. Public-oriented information services are realized through health science popularization, academic frontiers, product information, and road maps to hospitals and pharmacies. Internet hospital and pharmacy services are the main patient-oriented professional services. Medical staff–oriented science and education services commonly include continuing education, clinical assistance, academic research, and journal searching. Public-oriented e-commerce services include health products and health insurance. ConclusionsPharmaceutical companies in China use WeChat to provide stakeholders with diversified DMISs, which remain in the exploratory stage. The service model of DMISs requires more distinct innovations to provide personalized digital health and patient-centric services. Moreover, specific regulations on the DMISs of pharmaceutical companies need to be established to guard public health interests.

The widespread use of antibiotics in animal and human medication has raised global concerns over environmental contamination caused by antibiotic residues. This research investigated the occurrence of 12 kinds of antibiotics belonging to three groups, sulfonamides (SAs), tetracyclines (TCs), and fluoroquinolones (FQs), in chicken manure and the surrounding soil from different chicken farms in Hangzhou, South China, were detected in the samples via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and the contamination characteristics of each type of antibiotic and the correlations between each antibiotic and environmental factors were analyzed to identify the key influencing factors. An ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in the soil environment was conducted using the risk quotient (RQ) method to analyze the potential hazard level. The results indicated that: the total concentration of FQs was much higher than those of SAs and TCs in chicken manures and the soil samples. The mean concentration of FQs (39.17 μg·kg–1), TCs (34.37 μg·kg–1), and SAs (20.24 μg·kg–1) in chicken manure were significantly higher than those in the soil samples. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was the main antibiotics detected in manure (19.42 μg·kg–1) and the soils samples (near soil: 18.42 μg·kg–1, far soil: 10.29 μg·kg–1), followed by enrofloxacin (ENR), tetracycline (TC), and ofloxacin (OFL). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that moisture content (MS), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) had a greater influence on the antibiotic concentration in the soil samples. Basis on the calculated risk quotient (RQs) values, the risk assessment indicated Sulfamerazine (SD) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in soil posed a high risk, while trimethoprim (TMP), TC, CIP, and OFL in soils posed a medium or low risk. This research provides control and environmental monitoring data about chicken farms and scientific information that can be used to alleviate antibiotics pollution.

IntroductionBromodomain-containing Protein 4 (BRD4) is a transcriptional regulator which coordinates gene expression programs controlling cancer biology, inflammation, and fibrosis. In the context of airway viral infection, BRD4-specific inhibitors (BRD4i) block the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevent downstream epithelial plasticity. Although the chromatin modifying functions of BRD4 in inducible gene expression have been extensively investigated, its roles in post-transcriptional regulation are not well understood. Given BRD4's interaction with the transcriptional elongation complex and spliceosome, we hypothesize that BRD4 is a functional regulator of mRNA processing.MethodsTo address this question, we combine data-independent analysis - parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation (diaPASEF) with RNA-sequencing to achieve deep and integrated coverage of the proteomic and transcriptomic landscapes of human small airway epithelial cells exposed to viral challenge and treated with BRD4i.ResultsWe discover that BRD4 regulates alternative splicing of key genes, including Interferon-related Developmental Regulator 1 (IFRD1) and X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1), related to the innate immune response and the unfolded protein response (UPR). We identify requirement of BRD4 for expression of serine-arginine splicing factors, splicosome components and the Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 IREα affecting immediate early innate response and the UPR.DiscussionThese findings extend the transcriptional elongation-facilitating actions of BRD4 in control of post-transcriptional RNA processing via modulating splicing factor expression in virus-induced innate signaling.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to clarify the relevant risk factors of septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) in perioperative sepsis patients. Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients who were diagnosed with sepsis during the perioperative period and postoperatively admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and the Suzhou Municipal Hospital between January 2017 and November 2020. They were divided into two groups as the septic cardiomyopathy group (SCM group) and the non-SCM group (NSCM group). Factors with P

To compare the physical and chemical changes in egg whites during storage, assisting in the evaluation of differences in egg freshness between various chicken breeds, we chose 240 blue-shelled eggs (Blue group) and 240 commercial brown-shelled eggs (Brown group) that 28-week-old hens had laid. In this study, all eggs were stored at 25 °C. The egg weight, egg components’ weight and proportion, Haugh Unit value and the contents of S-ovalbumin, ovomucin and lysozyme in the thick albumen (KA) and thin albumen (NA) were measured at eight time points every 3 days until the 21st day of storage. The eggshell, yolk and KA proportions in the Brown group were significantly lower, whereas the NA proportion was significantly higher than that in the Blue group (p < 0.001). The Haugh Unit value and S-ovalbumin in the Brown group were significantly higher, whereas KA ovomucin and NA lysozyme were significantly lower than those in the Blue group (p < 0.001). There existed significant negative correlations between the KA and NA, irrespective of weight or proportion. The Haugh Unit value was significantly positively correlated with lysozyme and ovomucin, but significantly negatively correlated with S-ovalbumin. During storage, the KA weight (proportion), Haugh Unit value, lysozyme and ovomucin decreased, whereas the NA weight (proportion) and S-ovalbumin increased. At each time point, the NA lysozyme in the Brown group was lower than that in the Blue group (p < 0.05). After storage for 6 days, the KA ovomucin in the Brown group began to be lower than that in the Blue group (p < 0.05). The study showed that the weight (proportion) differences in egg components between blue-shelled eggs and commercial brown-shelled eggs are mainly due to the NA. The Haugh Unit value and albumin protein indexes of blue-shelled eggs were better than those of brown-shelled eggs, and showed mild changes during storage, indicating the better storage performance of blue-shelled eggs.

Citrus is an important commercial crop in many areas. The management and planning of citrus growing can be supported by timely and efficient monitoring of citrus-growing regions. Their complex planting structure and the weather are likely to cause problems for extracting citrus-growing regions from remote sensing images. To accurately extract citrus-growing regions, deep learning is employed, because it has a strong feature representation ability and can obtain rich semantic information. A novel model for extracting citrus-growing regions by UNet that incorporates an image pyramid structure is proposed on the basis of the Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. A pyramid-structured encoder, a decoder, and multiscale skip connections are the three main components of the model. Additionally, atrous spatial pyramid pooling is used to prevent information loss and improve the ability to learn spatial features. The experimental results show that the proposed model has the best performance, with the precision, the intersection over union, the recall, and the F1-score reaching 88.96%, 73.22%, 80.55%, and 84.54%, respectively. The extracted citrus-growing regions have regular boundaries and complete parcels. Furthermore, the proposed model has greater overall accuracy, kappa, producer accuracy, and user accuracy than the object-oriented random forest algorithm that is widely applied in various fields. Overall, the proposed method shows a better generalization ability, higher robustness, greater accuracy, and less fragmented extraction results. This research can support the rapid and accurate mapping of large-scale citrus-growing regions.

Eggshell colour is the unique appearance and economically valuable trait of eggs, whereas the colour is often short of uniformity, especially in the blue-shelled breeds, hence, their pigment differences and molecular mechanism need clarity. To investigate the relationship between the pigment content of eggshells and related gene expression in the eggshell glands of chickens, four subtypes of blue-shelled eggs (‘Olive’, ‘Green’, ‘Blue’, and ‘Light’) from the same blue-eggshell chicken line were selected; Hy-Line ‘White’ and ‘Brown’-shelled eggs were used as control groups. The L*, a*, b* values, and protoporphyrin-IX and biliverdin contents in each group of eggshells were measured. In addition, the shell glands of the corresponding hens were collected to detect SLCO1B3 genotype and mRNA expression, and ABCG2 and HMOX1 transcription and protein expression. Eggshell colour L* values were negatively correlated with protoporphyrin-IX, b* values were positively correlated with total pigment content (P

Introduction: This study investigates risk factors underlying the prognosis of severe aspiration pneumonia (SAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and attempts to provide early prognosis reference for clinical tasks.Methods: Patients diagnosed with SAP and admitted to the ICU of Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, between January 2021 and December 2021 were recruited in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical data on a patient’s general condition, underlying diseases, laboratory indicators, and 90-day outcomes (survival or death) were recorded.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a low platelet count was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of death (OR = 6.68, 95% CI:1.10–40.78, β = 1.90, P = 0.040). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of variables; cut-off values were calculated and the area under the curve was 0.7782 [(95% CI:0.686–0.871), p < 0.001] for the prediction of death at 90 days in all patients. The Kaplan-Meier curve used for survival analysis showed that, compared with the normal platelet group, the overall survival rate of patients with low platelet levels was significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant [HR = 2.11, (95% CI:1.47–3.03), p = 0.0001, z = 4.05, X2 = 14.89]. Cox regression analysis, used to further verify the influence of prognostic risk factors, showed that a concurrent low platelet count was the most important independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of SAP (HR = 2.12 [95% CI:1.12–3.99], X2 = 50.95, p = 0.021).Conclusion: These findings demonstrate an association between SAP mortality and platelet levels on admission. Thus, platelet level at admission may be used as a readily available marker for assessing the prognosis of patients with SAP.

BackgroundKeratoacanthoma (KA) is a benign tumor that arises from the infundibulum of hair follicles. However, some researchers believe that KA is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or a borderline tumor. There are two types of KA: single-type and multiple-type. Surgical resection is the first-line treatment for KA. The treatment options for patients with large lesions who are not surgical candidates are limited. We present a case of single-type KA patients with basic diseases and large lesions that were untreatable surgically, but the lesions essentially disappeared after radiotherapy. No recurrences were discovered during the two-year follow-up.Case DescriptionA 62-year-old male patient was admitted to the dermatology department of our hospital in June 2020 due to the discovery of a red papule on the right face two months prior, with occasional itching, which increased gradually. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of KA. Due to the large lesions and underlying diseases, he was transferred to our radiotherapy department for radiotherapy after consultation. Since the surface of the lesion is uneven and close to the corner of the eye, we adopted intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) at the beginning of radiotherapy. Following the reduction of the lesion, superficial electron beam and added a bolus with thickness of 5mm on the surface of the lesion was continued. The target dose: 42Gy/21 fractions (6MV X-ray, 22Gy; 2Gy/fraction; a total of 11 fractions, 6MeV electron beam, 20Gy; 2Gy/fraction; a total of 10 fractions). By the end of radiotherapy, the patient’s facial tumor was dry and subsided. The facial tumor subsided significantly two years after radiotherapy, and the damaged skin on the face recovered to a flat shape.ConclusionsThe treatment experience of this case shows that IMRT combined with superficial electron beam radiotherapy may be an effective treatment for single-type KA patients with basic diseases and large lesions that are not suitable for surgery, and it is worth further study.

More and more underwater-related geotechnical problems have arisen, but there is little research about the instability process of submerged anti-dip slopes. This study built the CFD–DEM coupling method based on the CFD solver OpenFOAM and the DEM solver PFC. The Ergun test was selected as the benchmark test to verify the accuracy of the coupling method, and the pressure drop predicted from the coupling method agreed well with the analytic solution. Then, we built a numerically submerged anti-dip slope model, and a special effort was made to study its instability characteristic. The flow of water will weaken the slope stability, and the birth of cracks will be accelerated. The drag force will restrain the toppling deformation, resulting in a deeper fracture surface. Then, we changed the joint thickness and joint angle to study its effect on slope stability. The collapse load increases with the joint thickness, and the form of toppling deformation changes from flexural failure to block failure. The collapse load increases with the decreasing joint dip, and the position of the damaged area becomes higher; the angle between the bottom fracture surface and the vertical line to joints becomes smaller with the decreasing joint dip.

Abstract Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of urban facilities (city functional components) constitutes the basis of urban layout optimization. Currently, research on the overall distribution of the various types of city functional components is lacking. In this study, by applying the gradient analysis method common in ecology, we considered 13 types of city functional components (80,214 individuals in total) in large, medium and small Chinese cities (9 cities in total) to carry out quantitative analysis of the distribution of components along urban–rural gradients through density distribution curves. The results indicated that: (1) a higher density of city functional components near the city centre revealed an obvious aggregated distribution; (2) the spatial distribution dynamics of city functional components were related to the city size, providing a reference for the rational distribution of components in cities of different sizes; (3) the distribution of city functional components was affected by their ecosystem services. This study offers a new perspective for the application of ecological methods in the examination of the distribution of city functional components.

BackgroundCOVID-19 epidemic has lasted for nearly 3 years, and revolutionized social life. In the study, in-depth interviews were conducted with Chinese undergraduate students to explore their understanding and experience of meaning in life. Meaning of life is interpreted from four aspects: life goals, life value, life enthusiasm, and life freedom. These four aspects are independent yet interrelated. Based on the free grasp of life, individuals explore and pursue the true meaning of life goals, acquire life value in evaluating the completion of life goals, and subsequently experience enthusiasm for life. Life enthusiasm and the perception of life value can help individuals to further understand and possess their meaning of life.Materials and methodsThe present study adopts the qualitative method to understand the experience of meaning in life among Chinese undergraduate students. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and six people participated the study. The Grounded Theory was adopted to analyze the qualitative data.Results(1) Chinese undergraduates had clear life goals and obtained a certain sense of achievement and satisfaction when striving for these goals. (2) The life value of Chinese undergraduates was mainly to their families, but there was also a willingness to make due contributions to the country and society. (3) Chinese undergraduates’ feelings about life were polarized, but they all expressed the view of “living in the moment and cherishing the present.” (4) Chinese undergraduate students see life freedom as freedom of choice and generally believed that COVID-19 did not restrict their lives very much. (5) Chinese undergraduate students gained a deeper understanding of meaning in life after this major public health emergency.

Abstract Extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion is an important mechanism used by cells to release biomolecules. A common necroptosis effector—mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL)—was recently found to participate in the biogenesis of small and large EVs independent of its function in necroptosis. The objective of the current study is to gain mechanistic insights into EV biogenesis during necroptosis. Assessing EV number by nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed an increased number of EVs released during necroptosis. To evaluate the nature of such vesicles, we performed a newly adapted, highly sensitive mass spectrometry‐based proteomics on EVs released by healthy or necroptotic cells. Compared to EVs released by healthy cells, EVs released during necroptosis contained a markedly higher number of unique proteins. Receptor interacting protein kinase‐3 (RIPK3) and MLKL were among the proteins enriched in EVs released during necroptosis. Further, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from mice deficient of Rab27a and Rab27b showed diminished basal EV release but responded to necroptosis with enhanced EV biogenesis as the wildtype MEFs. In contrast, necroptosis‐associated EVs were sensitive to Ca2+ depletion or lysosomal disruption. Neither treatment affected the RIPK3‐mediated MLKL phosphorylation. An unbiased screen using RIPK3 immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry on necroptotic EVs led to the identification of Rab11b in RIPK3 immune‐complexes. Our data suggests that necroptosis switches EV biogenesis from a Rab27a/b dependent mechanism to a lysosomal mediated mechanism.

Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are frequently emitted from various sources into environment, but microbial responses to their combined toxicity have not been systematically investigated. In this study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was exposed to two levels of arsenate (As (V), 50, 500 μg/L), Pb (II) (500, 5000 μg/L) and their mixture (50 μg/L As (V) + 500 μg/L Pb (II); 500 μg/L As (V) + 5000 μg/L Pb (II)). The growth of C. reinhardtii was inhibited more remarkably by As (V) than by Pb (II). The As stress was alleviated by Pb in the 50 μg/L As (V) + 500 μg/L Pb (II) treatment, but was enhanced upon the 500 μg/L As (V) + 5000 μg/L Pb (II) exposure, with more pronounced changes in a number of physiological parameters of the algal cells. Proteomic results showed that 71 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) in the treatment of 50 μg/L As (V) + 500 μg/L Pb (II), and 167 DEPs were identified in that of 500 μg/L As (V) + 5000 μg/L Pb (II). These proteins were involved in energy metabolism, photosynthetic carbon fixation, reactive oxygen scavenging and defense, and amino acid synthesis. Taken together, these physiological and proteomic data demonstrated that C. reinhardtii could resist the As (V) and Pb (II) combined treatments through extracellular complexation and intracellular pathways.

Abstract Background This meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared long‐term adverse clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) and non‐ITDM patients. Methods This is a meta‐analysis study. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles on long‐term adverse clinical outcomes of PCI in ITDM and non‐ITDM patients. The risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results A total of 11 related RCTs involving 8853 DM patients were included. Compared with non‐ITDM patients, ITDM patients had significantly higher all‐cause mortality (ACM) (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.25–1.85, pheterogeneity = .689, I2 = 0%), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18–1.55, pheterogeneity = .57, I2 = 0%), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16–1.72, pheterogeneity = .962, I2 = 0%), and stent thrombosis (ST) (RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.23–2.48, pheterogeneity = .159, I2 = 32.4%). No significant difference was found in the target lesion revascularization (TLR) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) between the ITDM and non‐ITDM groups. Conclusions The results showed that ITDM patients had significantly higher ACM, MACCE, MI, and ST, compared with non‐ITDM patients.

The composition of urban forests (UFs) exhibits homogenization among cities compared with rural forests (RFs) among different climate zones. However, the degree of homogenization in subtropical UFs and its difference from RFs remain unclear. In this study, we examined tree species composition and diversity in UFs in 19 cities in China’s subtropical zone with precipitation ranging from 458 to 1852 mm and compared them with RFs. We found that (1) the species composition similarity, Jaccard index (J~0.27), between UFs was significantly higher than that (J~0.15) of RFs, indicating biotic homogenization; (2) tree species richness, Simpson, Shannon–Wiener, and Pielou index of UFs converged along the precipitation gradient; (3) the similarity of tree composition between UFs increased as precipitation of the cities were more similar; (4) the UFs in the 19 cities contained a total of 932 tree species, among which the nonnative species were more prevalent than the native species, and the top 37 species with high frequency appeared in 80% of the cities; and (5) Salix babylonica, Ginkgo biloba, Platycladus orientalis, Juniperus chinensis, and other tree species were suitable for planting in UFs in subtropical zones, regardless of humidity. The findings contribute to the understanding of urban forest development and provide insights for implementing greening policies aimed at providing additional ecosystem services.

Abstract Background Many recent studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in the regulation of animal reproduction, including seasonal reproduction. The pineal gland is a crucial hub in the regulation of seasonal reproduction. However, little is known about the expression characteristics of pineal miRNAs in different reproductive seasons (anestrus and breeding season). Therefore, the expression profiles and regulatory roles of ovine pineal miRNAs were investigated during different reproductive stages using Solexa sequencing technology and dual luciferase reporter assays. Results A total of 427 miRNAs were identified in the sheep pineal gland. Significant differences in miRNA expression were demonstrated between anestrus and the breeding season in terms of the frequency distributions of miRNA lengths, number of expressed miRNAs, and specifically and highly expressed miRNAs in each reproductive stage. KEGG analysis of the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs between anestrus and the breeding season indicated that they are significantly enriched in pathways related to protein synthesis, secretion and uptake. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that many target genes of DE miRNAs in the ribosome pathway showed relatively low expression in the breeding season. On the other hand, analyses combining miRNA-gene expression data with target relationship validation in vitro implied that miR-89 may participate in the negative regulation of aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) mRNA expression by targeting its 3’UTR at a unique binding site. Conclusions Our results provide new insights into the expression characteristics of sheep pineal miRNAs at different reproductive stages and into the negative regulatory effects of pineal miRNAs on AANAT mRNA expression.

Top-down proteomics can provide unique insights into the biological variations of protein biomarkers but detecting low-abundance proteins in body fluids remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a nanoparticle-based top-down proteomics approach enabling enrichment and detailed analysis of cardiac troponin I in human serum.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and outcome of infective endocarditis at a general hospital in China and to identify the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Methods A retrospective study was conducted and all patients diagnosed with definite or possible infective endocarditis between January 2013 and June 2018 according to the modified Duke criteria were included. Results A total of 381 patients were included. The mean age was 46 years old and 66.9% patients were male patients. Community acquired IE was the most common type of infective endocarditis and Viridans Group Streptococci (37.5%) was still the most common causative pathogen. The microbial etiology of infective endocarditis varied with location of acquisition. 97 (25.5%) patients had culture-negative infective endocarditis. Vegetations were detected in 85% patients and mitral valve was the most common involved valve. Operations were performed in 72.7% patients and in-hospital mortality rate was 8.4%. The risk factors of in-hospital mortality were age old than 70 years old, heart failure, stroke and medical therapy. Conclusions Older age, heart failure, stroke and medical therapy were risk factors of in-hospital mortality. Infective endocarditis, were mainly caused by Viridans Group Streptococci, characterized by younger patients and lower mortality rate in China.

The BG line was originated from the cross between 2 Chinese indigenous breeds, Dongxiang blue eggshell, and Jiangshan black-bone, and has been bred to combine dark heavy black-bone body and high production of blue-shell eggs, into single dual-purpose line. Full-pedigree hens from 2 generations, G4 (n = 441) and G5 (n = 464), were reared in the same single-cage laying facility in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, respectively. Starting from the first egg of each hen, its daily egg production was recorded until 300 days-of-age. Up to 7 ''no-egg'' days were considered normal laying breaks between clutches, whereas laying cessation of 8 or more days was considered Pause, and the laying pattern of each hen was assigned either with Pause or No-Pause. The other traits included PsDays: number of Pause days; AFE: age at first egg; EN300: eggs laid until 300 d; %L300: total laying rate (EN300/[300-AFE]); %Lnet: net laying rate (EN300/[300-AFE-PsDays]); ClLng: average clutch length; EW200 and EW300: average egg weight around 200 d and 300 d. Estimates of heritability (h2) of each trait, and phenotypic and genetic correlation between traits, were calculated in each generation using the animal model. Heritability estimates were calculated also by regressing the means of full-sib G5 hens on their G4 parents' means. Mean overall laying rate of all G4 hens was low (%L300 = 57%) because 53% of them had Pause in their laying pattern. In G5, incidence of Pause was higher (75%) due to a 3-wk cold stress, with mean %L300 = 54%. However, significant estimates of heritability and genetic correlations suggest that selection for low PsDays will reduce the incidence of Pause in BG hens and elevate the line's mean laying rate towards %L300 = 70%, as the No-Pause hens in G5. PsDays-free laying rate (%Lnet) was found to be highly correlated with the significantly heritable (h2≈0.4) clutch length (ClLng). Selection index combining the genetically independent low PsDays and high ClLng is expected to maximize egg production improvement in the BG line, and in similar populations derived from indigenous breeds.

China has experienced dramatic economic growth and social development, especially in the period between 1978 and 2008. The biodiversity and the socioeconomic sustainability in China were under threat, and the loss of wetlands was a significant aspect of ecological deterioration in the country at that time. However, the driving factors for the loss of wetlands are not well understood, probably due to a lack of accurate country-scale data. This study analyzes the changes in China’s wetland area between 1978 and 2008 (1978, 1990, 2000, and 2008) and the interchange between different wetland types from 1990 to 2000. We select 29 socioeconomic parameters (per capita GDP, primary industry added value, secondary industry ratio, total population, arable land, pesticide use, aquatic products, railway mileage, domestic wastewater, urban sewage treatment capacity, etc.) and three meteorological parameters (annual temperature, annual precipitation, and annual sunshine) to analyze the driving forces of changes in wetlands. The factor analysis based on these parameters shows that two factors can explain 65.8% of the total variation from the data, while eight parameters can explain 59.7%. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis reveals that five factors are of great significance in explaining wetland change in China, which are annual temperature (p < 0.001), inland waterway mileage (p < 0.001), urban land acquisition (p = 0.01), secondary industry ratio (p = 0.014), and railway mileage (p = 0.02). In conclusion, climate change (especially temperature) and inland waterway mileage are the primary factors for changes in the wetlands in China, and other socioeconomic indicators, especially from industrial and construction factors, also play an important role in changes in wetlands during China’s rapid economic development. In order to enhance wetland conservation efforts in China, we recommend prioritizing efforts to mitigate climate change on wetlands, promoting sustainable development policies, restoring and creating wetlands in urban areas, and utilizing advanced technologies to obtain accurate data.

BackgroundThe stigma of internet surfing is a relatively new area of study arising from the popularity of the internet. The Questionnaire on the Internal Stigma of Internet Surfing-9 (QISIS-9) was developed for the Chinese culture, so its suitability for use in other cultural contexts is uncertain. This paper examines the measurement invariance of the QISIS-9 among Sino-Australian undergraduates to verify the cross-cultural measurement invariance of QISIS-9 and promote cross-cultural (nationality) research regarding the internal stigma of internet surfing.MethodsThe Internal Stigma of Internet Surfing-9 (QISIS-9) was used to assess 200 Chinese undergraduates (50% female, Mage = 19.78) and 204 Australian undergraduates (76% female, Mage = 21.10), respectively.ResultsA confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the single-factor model of QISIS-9 is acceptable with both Chinese and Australian undergraduates. However, the factor loading of Item 9, to which a reverse score is assigned, is not ideal for both samples. Thus, the item should be deleted. According to a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA), QISIS-8, the revised version of QISIS-9, meets the strict measurement invariance among the Chinese and Australian participants. The QISIS-8 demonstrated appropriate internal consistency in the scores for both the Chinese and Australian undergraduates.ConclusionThe new QISIS-8 can effectively assess the internal stigma of internet surfing among Chinese and Australian undergraduates, and it provides a frame of reference for further cross-cultural (border) comparisons.

Polysaccharides supply energy for various metabolic processes in cells. However, their roles in the arsenate (As(V)) resistance in microalgae remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the synthesis and transformation of polysaccharides in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii upon various levels of As(V) stress, using a number of physiological indexes along with transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and proteomic analyses. When exposed to low concentration of As(V) (0–20 μg/L), C. reinhardtii accumulated starch and produced more extracellular polysaccharides. At 50 μg/L As(V) treatment, starch accumulation gradually shifted to polysaccharides decomposition in the algal cells. Under higher As(V) concentration (500 μg/L), significantly more proteins in fatty acid metabolic pathway were differentially expressed, indicating that cells redirected carbon flux and transformed lipids into polysaccharides. The findings of this study demonstrate that polysaccharides may be critically involved in the As(V) resistance of C. reinhardtii.

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought about radical changes in social life. The study focuses on a special group, Chinese undergraduate students with left-behind experiences. Specifically, the study addresses how such students feel and grasp the meaning in life and how they adapt to the current social environment after experiencing the impermanence of life. The correlation between the meaning in life and social adjustment in the post-epidemic period is evaluated.Methods: The Meaning in Life Scale and the Social Adjustment Scale were used to test 988 undergraduate students. Multi-factor analysis, correlation, regression, and dominance analysis were performed on the test results.Results: (1) During the epidemic, Chinese undergraduate students generally had low meaning in life scores, including below-average values for life goals, and middle-range scores for social adjustment. (2) Having or not having left-behind experiences had an important influence on the meaning in life and social adjustment of undergraduates: undergraduates with left-behind experiences performed better than those without left-behind experiences in terms of meaning in life, while their social adjustment was weaker than those without left-behind experiences. (3) The zest for life and freedom of life of undergraduates in both groups negatively predicted social adjustment, and zest for life preferentially influenced social adjustment. Zest for life also had a significant effect on life value in the group without left-behind experiences. Zest for life was a priority factor influencing social adjustment.Conclusion: The epidemic and left-behind experiences are important factors influencing the relationship between meaning in life and social adjustment among Chinese undergraduate students.

Traditional conductive materials do not meet the increasing requirements of electronic products because of such materials’ high rigidity, poor flexibility, and slow biodegradation after disposal. Preparing flexible conductive materials with excellent mechanical properties is an active area of research. The key to flexible conductive materials lies in the combination of the polymer matrix and conductive components. This combination can be achieved by making a film of renewable nano-microcrystalline cellulose (NCC) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with excellent electrical conductivity—by simple filtration and introducing polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance the functionality of the composite film. Graphene imparted conductivity to the composite film, which reached 5.67 S·m−1. A reinforced NCC/rGO/PEG-4 composite film with a thickness of only 21 μm exhibited a tensile strength of 30.56 MPa, which was 83% higher than that of the sample without PEG (16.71 MPa), and toughness of 727.18 kJ·m−3, which was about 132% higher than that of the control sample (NCC/rGO, 313.86 kJ·m−3). This ultra-thin conductive composite film—which can be prepared simply, consists of environmentally sustainable and biodegradable raw materials, and exhibits excellent mechanical properties—has substantial potential for applications in e.g., flexible electronic wearable devices, electrodes, and capacitors.

Objective: This study aimed to make use of real-world medical records to explore the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of infantile hemangiomas in southeastern China. Methods: This study applied a retrospective observational method using real-world data derived from the electronic medical records of the Foshan Women and Children Hospital, southeastern China dated between June 2014 and June 2019. Results: A total of 2427 patients with infantile hemangiomas were recruited in this study, including 942 (38.8%) males and 1485 (61.2%) females. Among the participants, 620 (25.5%) were high-risk infantile hemangioma, 449 (18.5%) were medium risk, and 1358 (56.0%) were low risk. A total of 14 treatment patterns in clinical practice were identified. The top 3 treatment patterns in each group of risk levels were the same: laser therapy, a combination of laser therapy and topical timolol maleate, and topical timolol maleate. The outcomes of the top 3 treatment patterns were significantly ( P

Sand nourishment is widely adopted as an effective soft approach to provide long-term coastal safety, protect the ecology environment, and promote tourism and recreation. With the increase in frequency and expenses in beach nourishment worldwide, an adequate prediction of morphology evolution is greatly desired for coastline management. Based on detailed monitoring data of the mega-nourishment Sand Engine, this article integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to predict the nourishment morphology evolution. The historical surveyed data are transformed into sequence grids, which are input into the CNN to obtain the spatial features of beach nourishment. The CNN is constructed by performing the convolutional and pooling operation on the historical data, which can extract actual spatial features and reduce network complexity. The output of the CNN is input to LSTM to learn the temporal relationship to predict future nourishment terrain using past time-series features. Finally, the LSTM output is decoded by the fully connected layer to obtain the prediction result. The complex spatiotemporal correlations among the input data are identified through effective training of the proposed model. The major contribution of this article is to propose a data-driven model that combines CNN and LSTM for the morphology evolution prediction of beach nourishment, and validate the effectiveness of the proposed model by comparing with the performances of other popular methods in predicting the nourishment changes.

Myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein of therapeutic interest because it promotes tissue repair in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Here the authors present the NMR structure of human MYDGF and attribute function to a set of residues conserved in MYDGFs but not the vanin base domain, which has a similar fold.

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), play a pivotal role in biological processes. A comprehensive quantitative reference of small ncRNAs expression during development and in DNA damage response (DDR) would significantly advance our understanding of their roles. In this study, we systemically analyzed the expression profile of miRNAs and piRNAs in wild-type flies, e2f1 mutant, p53 mutant and e2f1 p53 double mutant during development and after X-ray irradiation. By using small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, we found that both miRNAs and piRNAs were expressed in a dynamic mode and formed 4 distinct clusters during development. Notably, the expression pattern of miRNAs and piRNAs was changed in e2f1 mutant at multiple developmental stages, while retained in p53 mutant, indicating a critical role of E2f1 played in mediating small ncRNAs expression. Moreover, we identified differentially expressed (DE) small ncRNAs in e2f1 mutant and p53 mutant after X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, we mapped the binding motif of E2f1 and p53 around the small ncRNAs. Our data suggested that E2f1 and p53 work differently yet coordinately to regulate small ncRNAs expression, and E2f1 may play a major role to regulate miRNAs during development and after X-ray irradiation. Collectively, our results provide comprehensive characterization of small ncRNAs, as well as the regulatory roles of E2f1 and p53 in small ncRNAs expression, during development and in DNA damage response, which reveal new insights into the small ncRNAs biology.

An experimental population of chickens was developed from the cross between 2 indigenous Chinese breeds, Dongxiang blue eggshell and Jiangshan black-bone. This breeding was aimed at eventually combining dark heavy black-bone body and blue eggshell, into a single dual-purpose breed. BW was recorded and skin L∗, a∗, and b∗ color parameters were measured by a Chroma Meter at several ages (56, 105, 150, 200, 250, and 300 d). At 250 d, 3 independent observers classified skin darkness using a 3-level visual scale (1 = light, 2 = intermediate, 3 = dark). The 7-level average visual skin darkness, calculated for each chicken, was highly correlated (−0.658 and −0.612 in females and males, respectively) with skin L∗ (lightness), indicating that the accurately measured L∗ is reliable and useful reverse expression of visual skin darkness of black-bone chickens. Mean BW and skin L∗ of both sexes increased with age, to 2,063 and 1,522 g in males and females, respectively, at 300 d, and to 63 and 55 L∗ units in males and females, respectively, at 250 d. The population's full-pedigree allowed estimating heritability and genetic correlations between traits. The heritability estimates of BW were similar in both sexes, increasing from around 0.25 at 56 d, to 0.53 to 0.60 at 150 d, and 0.57 to 0.62 at 300 d. Over the 5 ages, heritability estimates of skin L∗ were moderate to high, ranging from 0.45 to 0.58 in females, and from 0.31 to 0.65 in males, and the genetic correlations between BW and L∗ ranged mostly from 0.20 to 0.45. These low-to-moderate correlations between high BW and high L∗ (low darkness) are unfavorable; hence they were combined into an index, standardized BW minus standardized L∗, allowing future selection for high BW with low L∗. With high heritability of this index, 0.487 (females at 300 d) and 0.410 to 0.555 (males at 150 d or older), simultaneous improvements in BW and skin darkness appear to be feasible. The methodology used in this study can be useful in chicken populations experimentally bred for combination of high BW and other body characteristics.

Precise regulation of stem cell activity is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In Drosophila, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) maintain the midgut epithelium and respond to oxidative challenges. However, the connection between intestinal homeostasis and redox signaling remains obscure. Here we find that Caliban (Clbn) functions as a regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in enterocytes (ECs) and is required for intestinal homeostasis. The clbn knock-out flies have a shortened lifespan and lose the intestinal homeostasis. Clbn is highly expressed and localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria in ECs. Mechanically, Clbn mediates mitochondrial dynamics in ECs and removal of clbn leads to mitochondrial fragmentation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, ECs damage, activation of JNK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Moreover, multiple mitochondria-related genes are differentially expressed between wild-type and clbn mutated flies by a whole-genome transcriptional profiling. Furthermore, loss of clbn promotes tumor growth in gut generated by activated Ras in intestinal progenitor cells. Our findings reveal an EC-specific function of Clbn in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, and provide new insight into the functional link among mitochondrial redox modulation, tissue homeostasis and longevity.

Splicing factors are often mutated in hematological malignancies. Here, the authors perform an in vivo shRNA screen in a CEBPA mutant AML mouse model and identify that RBM25 controls the splicing of pre-mRNAs encoding BCL-X and BIN1 to exert its tumour suppressor activities in AML.