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Abstract Vertically stacked all-organic active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes are promising candidates for high-quality skin-like displays due to their high aperture ratio, extreme mechanical flexibility, and low-temperature processing ability. However, these displays suffer from process interferences when interconnecting functional layers made of all-organic materials. To overcome this challenge, we present an innovative integration strategy called “discrete preparation-multilayer lamination” based on microelectronic processes. In this strategy, each functional layer was prepared separately on different substrates to avoid chemical and physical damage caused by process interferences. A single interconnect layer was introduced between each vertically stacked functional layer to ensure mechanical compatibility and interconnection. Compared to the previously reported layer-by-layer preparation method, the proposed method eliminates the need for tedious protection via barrier and pixel-defining layer processing steps. Additionally, based on active-matrix display, this strategy allows multiple pixels to collectively display a pattern of “1” with an aperture ratio of 83%. Moreover, the average mobility of full-photolithographic organic thin-film transistors was 1.04 cm2 V−1 s− 1, ensuring stable and uniform displays. This strategy forms the basis for the construction of vertically stacked active-matrix displays, which should facilitate the commercial development of skin-like displays in wearable electronics.

Abstract Binocular stereo vision relies on imaging disparity between two hemispherical retinas, which is essential to acquire image information in three dimensional environment. Therefore, retinomorphic electronics with structural and functional similarities to biological eyes are always highly desired to develop stereo vision perception system. In this work, a hemispherical optoelectronic memristor array based on Ag‐TiO2 nanoclusters/sodium alginate film is developed to realize binocular stereo vision. All‐optical modulation induced by plasmonic thermal effect and optical excitation in Ag‐TiO2 nanoclusters is exploited to realize in‐pixel image sensing and storage. Wide field of view (FOV) and spatial angle detection are experimentally demonstrated owing to the device arrangement and incident‐angle‐dependent characteristics in hemispherical geometry. Furthermore, depth perception and motion detection based on binocular disparity have been realized by constructing two retinomorphic memristive arrays. The results demonstrated in this work provide a promising strategy to develop all‐optically controlled memristor and promote the future development of binocular vision system with in‐sensor architecture.

Developing reticular reinforcement and heterogeneous microstructure remains persistent challenges in one-dimensional carbon nanotube (CNT)-Cu system. We herein fabricated dual-heterostructured Cu composite by diazotizing CNT into cross-linked (CL) networks and achieving bimodal grain distribution. The CL-CNT networks uniformly dispersed in Cu matrix, forming strong C–N/O–Cu covalent bonds at the interfaces and effectively retarding grain growth to create ultra-fine grain (UFG) regions around them. The CL-CNT networks/UFG regions, along with the surrounding coarse grain (CG) regions, resulted in a remarkable synergy between mechanical and electrical properties within the composite. Systematic analysis indicates that CL-CNT network acts as a whole to bear loading, remarkably enhances the load-transfer strengthening and promotes the dislocation accumulation around the interface. Meanwhile, hetero-deformation between “hard” CL-CNT networks/UFG regions and “soft” CG regions lead to extra-strengthening and hardening associated with strain partitioning, generation of geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) and strain delocalization. In-situ tensile test further reveals that CL-CNT/Cu with dual-heterostructure introduces the extra-toughening via crack bridging and deflection mechanisms. Besides, CL-CNT network with the robust interface is considered to reduce the interfacial inelastic scattering and provide additional paths for electron transport, accounting for the high electrical conductivity. This work highlights the importance of configuration design of reinforcement in tailoring heterostructured metal matrix composites (MMCs) with outstanding comprehensive performance.

Abstract The emerging wearable skin-like electronics require the ultra-flexible organic transistor to operate at low voltage for electrical safety and energy efficiency and simultaneously enable high field-effect mobility to ensure the carrier migration ability and the switching speed of circuits. However, the currently reported low-voltage organic transistors generally present low mobility, originating from the trade-off between molecular polarity and surface polarity of the dielectrics. In this work, the orientation polarization of the dielectric is enhanced by introducing a flexible quaternary ammonium side chain, and the surface polarity is weakened by the shielding effect of the nonpolar methyl groups on the polar nitrogen atom. The resulting antisolvent QPSU dielectric enables the high-dielectric constant up to 18.8 and the low surface polarity with the polar component of surface energy only at 2.09 mJ/m2. Such a synergistic polarization engineering between orientation polarization and surface polarity makes the solution-processed ultraflexible transistors present the ultralow operational voltage down to −3 V, the ultrahigh charge-carrier mobility up to 8.28 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 1 Hz, excellent cyclic operational stability and long-term air stability. These results combined with the ultrathin thickness of transistor as low as 135 nm, the ultralight mass of 0.5 g/m2, the conformal adherence capability on human skin and 1-μm blade edge, and the strong mechanical robustness with stable electrical properties for 30,000 bending cycles, open up an available strategy to successfully realize low-voltage high-mobility solution-processed organic transistor, and presents the potential application of QPSU dielectric for the next-generation wearable imperceptible skin-like electronics.

In this work, an in-situ boride-reinforced Ti6Al4V compositionally graded material was prepared successfully by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and exhibited a good potential for military application because of its stepwise transition properties from a high-toughness end to a high-strength end along the thin-thickness direction. Microstructure characterization shows the chemical gradient ranged from 0 to 30 wt% TiB2 along the thickness direction, which was correlated with increasing micro-hardness values ranging from 565±5HV to 1270±5HV, respectively. The strength-toughness matching mechanisms of the gradient composites with different compositional gradients were discussed based on the static compression experiments and the dynamic Hopkinson compression rod experiments. The primary phases of the gradient composites included the α-Ti phase, β-Ti phase, remained TiB2 and in-situ formed whisker-like TiB phases. The composites with a compositional gradient of G84 (0, 0, 15, 30 wt%) exhibited the best impact resistance which achieved a good balance of high toughness and strength, and exhibited a compressive strength of 2148±5 MPa and a good elongation of 20 ± 0.5%. The strength-toughness matching mechanisms can be explained by the dispersion strengthening effect due to the presence of the in-situ formed TiB phase, and the consumption of more fracture energy by dislocation defects, which can prevent the crack propagation. Moreover, the pull-out of the whisker-like TiB phases toughened the gradient composites furthermore. This research demonstrated a reliable method for preparing TiB2/Ti–6Al-4Vgradient composites with high-impact resistance.

The graphite-reinforced epoxy resin composite (Gr/EP) is considered one of the promising solid lubricating materials. However, the low thermal conductivity and correlated poor wear resistance cause limitations to its tribological applications. With the expectation to improve the thermal conductivity and wear property, carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced copper foams (CNTs/Cuf) are introduced as 3-dimensional skeletons to reinforce Gr/EP composites. Herein, comprehensive testing was conducted to assess the wear resistance, thermal conductivity, microstructure, and wear morphology of the composites. The results revealed that incorporating Cu or CNTs/Cu foams into the Gr/EP matrix significantly enhanced thermal conductivity and wear resistance, with only minor elevation of the friction coefficients, which showed a consistent decline trend with increasing CNTs contents. Notably, with the CNT content of 0.159 wt%, the composites reached the favorable combination of a 25.4 % improvement in thermal conductivity and a 34 % reduction in wear rate compared to pure copper foam-reinforced Gr/EP composites.

To investigate the pyrolysis reaction of ryegrass, we conducted a simultaneous thermal analysis using thermogravimetric(TG) analyzers. This involved obtaining data through Thermogravimetry (TG), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG), and Differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The experiments were conducted under dynamic nitrogen and air atmospheres at different heating rates. The kinetic parameters of ryegrass pyrolysis were determined using the Kissinger method, the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) peak conversion rate approximate equivalence method, the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) equal conversion rate method, and the Škvára-Šesták (S–S) method. It provides a theoretical basis for the reuse of ryegrass resources. The findings indicated that the pyrolysis temperature of ryegrass increased with the accelerated rate of temperature increase in both atmospheres. The average weight loss rate of pyrolysis of ryegrass in the air atmosphere (92.27 %) is higher than that compared to that in a nitrogen atmosphere (86.11 %). Additionally, the temperature required for complete decomposition is lower in the former case. The FWO peak conversion rate approximation equivalence approach and the FWO equal conversion rate method do not apply to the solution of the pyrolysis activation energy of ryegrass. The pyrolysis activation energy for the two decomposition stages, as calculated by the Kissinger method, is 165.73 and 185.86 kJ/mol−1 in the air atmosphere, and 219.99 and 277.02 kJ/mol−1 in a nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. The activation energy and mechanism function of ryegrass pyrolysis calculated by using the S–S method are as follows: [−ln(1−α)]2, 119.79, 104.31, 95.75, and 91.93 kJ/mol−1 in air atmosphere, (1−α)−1, 176.64, 67.89, 61.15, and 54.25 kJ/mol−1 in nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. The activation energy of ryegrass pyrolysis, as determined by both the Kissinger method and S–S method, was found to be higher under an air atmosphere compared to a nitrogen atmosphere.

Abstract Light‐triggered synaptic plasticity (LTSP) induced by electron trapping in organic photoelectric synaptic transistors (OPSTs) offers potential prospects in neuromorphic wearable artificial intelligence. However, a consistent and universal comprehend for LTSP behaviors especially on oxygen effect in OPSTs is still a critical challenge hindering their practical applications. A mechanism on strong dependency between the oxygen‐induced and polar‐group electron trapping in OPSTs, is successfully unveiled in this study for the first time. And the interaction between the oxygen and polar dielectric interface can be enhanced by properly modulating the specific surface area of thin‐film semiconductors. This effectively binds the oxygen near conducting channel and further improves the trapping efficiency for photogenerated electrons, undergoing the time‐dependent photocurrent generation and subsequent prolonged decay, forming the typical LTSP behaviors. These experimental demonstrations differ from previous reports and therefore may contribute an innovative perspective in the design of functional layers for high‐performance OPST devices.

Abstract Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene, as opposed to traditional industrial methods, represents a more environmentally friendly and promising technical approach. However, achieving high activity of ethylene remains a huge challenge due to the numerous possible reaction pathways. Here, we construct a hierarchical nanoelectrode composed of CuO treated with dodecanethiol to achieve elevated ethylene activity with a Faradaic efficiency reaching 79.5%. Through on in situ investigations, it is observed that dodecanethiol modification not only facilitates CO2 transfer and enhances *CO coverage on the catalyst surfaces, but also stabilizes Cu(100) facet. Density functional theory calculations of activation energy barriers of the asymmetrical C–C coupling between *CO and *CHO further support that the greatly increased selectivity of ethylene is attributed to the thiol-stabilized Cu(100). Our findings not only provide an effective strategy to design and construct Cu-based catalysts for highly selective CO2 to ethylene, but also offer deep insights into the mechanism of CO2 to ethylene.

Ni60/60% WC composite coatings with a good surface roughness and high mechanical properties were successfully prepared on 316L stainless steel substrate by laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) technology. The effects of laser power on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the Ni60/60% WC composite coating were investigated. The relationships between the chemical composition, the microstructure, the hardness, and the friction wear resistance of the composite coatings were characterized and investigated. The results show that the laser power had a significant effect on the energy input, which determined the melting extent of the Ni60 phases around the WC particles and the bonding strength between the reinforcements and the matrix, as well as the bonding strength between the substrate and the coatings. With an increase in the laser power from 800 W to 1400 W, the average hardness of the coating surface increased due to the increased densification of the deposited coatings and then decreased due to grain coarsening under a high energy input. The average coefficient of friction of the coatings decreased gradually to 0.383 at 1000 W, showing a minimum wear of 0.00013 mm2 at 1200 W. The main wear mechanisms on the coated surfaces were adhesive wear and abrasive wear. Moreover, the coatings deposited at 1200 W exhibited better forming quality and wear resistance. This work suggests that the processing parameters during LDED can be optimized to prepare Ni60/60% WC wear-resistant coatings with excellent mechanical properties.

During the laser-based directed energy deposition (DED-LB) processing, a WC-12Co composite coating with high hardness and strong wear resistance was successfully prepared on a 316L stainless steel substrate by adopting a high-precision coaxial powder feeding system using a spherical WC-12Co composite powder, which showed a large number of dendritic carbides and herringbone planar crystals on the substrate-binding interface. The influences of laser power on microstructural and mechanical properties (e.g., hardness, friction resistance) of WC-12Co composite surfaces were investigated. The results show that laser power has a significant effect on determining the degree of Co phase melting around the WC particles and the adhesion strength between the matrix and the coating. Lower laser power does not meet the melting requirements of WC particles, thus weakening the molding quality of the composite coating. At high laser power, it is possible to dissolve the WC particles and melt the metal powder between the particles, thus improving the material properties. The laser power increased from 700 W to 1000 W and the average hardness of the coating surface gradually increased from 1166.33 HV to 1395.70 HV, which is about 4–5 times higher than the average hardness of the substrate (about 281.76 HV). In addition, the coatings deposited at 1000 W showed better wear resistance. This work shows that the processing parameters during laser-directed energy deposition can be optimized to prepare WC-12Co composite coatings with excellent mechanical properties.

The laser drilling of carbon steel is always suffered from the formation of slag, the presence of cutting burrs, the generation of a significant quantity of spatter, and the incomplete penetration of the substrate. In order to avoid these defects formed during the laser drilling of carbon steel, the COMSOL multi-physics simulation method was used to model and optimize the laser drilling process. Considering the splash evolution of the material during the complex drilling process, the transient evolution of the temperature field, the flow of the molten fluid, the geometrical changes, and the absorption of the laser energy during the laser drilling process were investigated. The simulated borehole dimensions are consistent with the experimental results. The process parameters have a great influence on the fluid flow pattern and material slag splashing. The laser power has a significant effect on the laser processing compared with the process parameters. With the increase in laser power and the decrease in laser heat source radius, the time required for perforation is reduced, the flow of melt is accelerated, the perforation efficiency is increased, and the hole wall is smoother, but the degree of spattering is greater. The optimized process parameters were obtained: laser heat source radius of 0.3 mm, laser power of 3000 W. These findings can help reduce the machining defects in carbon steel with excellent mechanical properties by optimizing the laser drilling processing parameters.

Reinforcement architecture and interfacial structure are two key factors affecting the performance of composites. Herein we attempted to achieve a comprehensive improvement of mechanical properties of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) reinforced Cu matrix composites by means of reinforcement structure construction and interface structure optimization. Graphene oxide (GO) and acid-treated carbon nanotubes (AT-CNTs) were self-assembled into a GO-CNT hybrid structure through an ultrasonic mixing method, and then used as reinforcement of Cu matrix composite through the powder metallurgy method. The strengthening efficiency of GO-CNT hybrid was significantly higher than that of individual CNTs or GO, which could be attributed to the stable interconnected architecture of GO-CNT hybrid formed through sp3 hybridized C–C bonds and the larger interfacial area between them and Cu matrix. In addition, aiming at the issue of poor interfacial adhesion between the GO-CNT hybrid and Cu matrix, TiC nanoparticles were introduced onto the surface of GO-CNT hybrid through a pressureless spark plasma sintering strategy. The TiC nanoparticles can improve the interfacial wettability and optimize the interfacial bonding state. TEM results confirmed a semi-coherent interfacial lattice matching relationship between TiC nanoparticles and Cu matrix, which was conducive to forming robust interfacial bonding. Through the construction of hybrid reinforcement and the introduction of nanosized interfacial TiC, the GO-CNT hybrid reinforced Cu matrix composite has obtained ultra-high strengthening efficiency, and exhibited satisfied combination of strength and ductility. This study can provide a referential strategy for the comprehensive performance optimization of CNMs reinforced metal matrix composites.

Abstract Visual adaptation that can autonomously adjust the response to light stimuli is a basic function of artificial visual systems for intelligent bionic robots. To improve efficiency and reduce complexity, artificial visual systems with integrated visual adaptation functions based on a single device should be developed to replace traditional approaches that require complex circuitry and algorithms. Here, we have developed a single two-terminal opto-sensor based on multilayer γ-InSe flakes, which successfully emulated the visual adaptation behaviors with a new working mechanism combining the photo-pyroelectric and photo-thermoelectric effect. The device can operate in self-powered mode and exhibit good human-eye-like adaptation behaviors, which include broadband light-sensing image adaptation (from ultraviolet to near-infrared), near-complete photosensitivity recovery (99.6%), and synergetic visual adaptation, encouraging the advancement of intelligent opto-sensors and machine vision systems.

The thermo-mechanical and failure behavior of the burning-free Al2O3 –C–SiO2 slide gate plate materials during the steel casting process are investigated. Firstly, the instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansion and the Young's modulus of the slide gate plate materials with different component contents at high temperature are measured. Secondly, a material constitutive model and a concrete damage plasticity mode are established based on the experiments, and adopted to simulate the failure behavior of the burning-free Al2O3–C–SiO2 slide gate plate during casting based on Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. Results show that temperature gradient in the slide gate plate near the casting hole increased significantly and had a significant influence on cracking. The area near the casting hole of the slide gate plate is under tensile stress conditions, and then changes towards compressive stress conditions. Under those severe thermal stress conditions, crack formation is evaluated and an optimized composite structure of the slide gate plate combining advantages of reducing the risk of cracking and extending the service life is proposed. Moreover, the thermal shock test further verified that the microcrack extension was significantly alleviated due to the SiC distributed in whisker form and formed an interlocking structure in material. This work provides a reliable theoretical and experimental basis for the design and optimization of high performance Al2O3–C–SiO2 slide gate plates.

In this paper, inhomogeneous copper matrix composite with carbon nanotube reinforced copper foam (CNTs/Cuf) as the three-dimensional (3-D) skeleton is designed to overcome the paradox between strength and ductility or conductivity. The open cell composite foams with uniformly embedded CNTs are filled with dense copper phase in the foam pores by spark plasma sintering (SPS) to form the inhomogeneous composites. The inhomogeneous composite reinforced with CNTs/Cuf shows a combination of high electrical conductivity (93.4% IACS), tensile strength (366.7 MPa), and fracture elongation (31.78%) with a quite low CNTs content (0.2414 vol%). In addition, the polarization curves and AC impedance (EIS) tests show that the best corrosion resistance is achieved with the CNTs content of 0.2414 vol%, and the corrosion rate is reduced by 71.9% and 49.1% compared with the Cu and Cuf®Cu samples, respectively.

In this work, phytic acid (PA) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) underwent a condensation process to produce a phytic acid–silane (abbreviated PAS) passivation solution. Additionally, it was applied to the surface of cold-rolled steel to create a composite phytic acid–silane film. The functional groups of the passivation solution were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The composite film was evaluated using an electrochemical workstation, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and pull-off test. These techniques allowed for the characterization of the film’s micromorphology, oxidation, chemical composition and adhesion strength. The results show that the PAS composite film provides higher protection efficiency compared to cold-rolled steel substrates, low phosphorus passivation films, single phytate passivation films and commercial phosphate films. This composite film also has a higher adhesion strength, which is beneficial for subsequent coating, and a possible corrosion resistance mechanism was proposed as well. The PAS layer successfully prevents the penetration of corrosive media into the cold-rolled steel surface utilizing P–O–Fe bonds, thus improving the corrosion barrier effect of the substrate.

Abstract Intrinsically stretchable gas sensors possess outstanding advantages in seamless conformability and high‐comfort wearability for real‐time detection toward skin/respiration gases, making them promising candidates for health monitoring and non‐invasive disease diagnosis and therapy. However, the strain‐induced deformation of the sensitive semiconductor layers possibly causes the sensing signal drift, resulting in failure in achievement of the reliable gas detection. Herein, a surprising result that the stretchable organic polymers present a universal strain‐insensitive gas sensing property is shown. All the stretchable polymers with different degrees of crystallinity, including indacenodithiophene‐benzothiadiazole (PIDTBT), diketo‐pyrrolo‐pyrrole bithiophene thienothiophene (DPPT‐TT) and poly[4‐(4,4‐dihexadecyl‐4H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐alt‐[1,2,5]thiad‐iazolo [3,4‐c] pyridine] (PCDTPT), show almost unchanged gas response signals in the different stretching states. This outstanding advantage enables the intrinsically stretchable devices to imperceptibly adhere on human skin and well conform to the versatile deformations such as bending, twisting, and stretching, with the highly strain‐stable gas sensing property. The intrinsically stretchable PIDTBT sensor also demonstrates the excellent selectivity toward the skin‐emitted trimethylamine (TMA) gas, with a theoretical limit of detection as low as 0.3 ppb. The work provides new insights into the preparation of the reliable skin‐like gas sensors and highlights the potential applications in the real‐time detection of skin gas and respiration gas for non‐invasive medical treatment and disease diagnosis.

Abstract Organic semiconductors offer the opportunity to develop intrinsically stretchable skin‐like electronics for future applications. However, the lack of intrinsically stretchable materials is still a fundamental challenge, originating from the brittle nature of most organic semiconductors with the fracture strain at a few percent (95% at 550 nm), with mobility as high as 2.31 cm2 V−1 s−1. The depth‐dependence light absorption spectra and the conductive atomic force microscopy images in horizontal and vertical directions of the blend film confirm the nonuniform distribution of PCDTPT fibers with sandwiched structure, which weakens the effect of device configuration on mobility. Compared with the conventional uniform film, the sandwiched film weakens the effect of device configuration on mobility. The fully transparent stretchable transistors with the blend films show the outstanding ductility and high optical transparency. This work opens up a feasible path for brittle organic semiconductors used in the transparent stretchable transistor, presenting their promising potential in future see‐through skin‐like electronics.

With a unique cellular structure to enhance the multi-reflection and multi-absorption properties of electromagnetic waves, metal foam is considered a new type of electromagnetic shielding material that can also be used for lightweight structural applications such as energy absorption and shock attenuation. This work introduces reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to reinforce Cu foam for the purpose of improvement of the foam's mechanical and electromagnetic shielding properties. After the preparation stage of the electrodeposition and heat treatments, the RGO was observed to uniformly disperse in the Cu foam matrix and nano-sized Cu2O particles formed at the interface. This resulted in improved mechanical properties and electromagnetic shielding performance compared to the pure Cu foams. The primary shielding mechanism was deduced as absorption loss.

Bile acids (BAs) are crucial for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis. However, the metabolic changes in BAs and the communication between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in infants after birth remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the BA profiles of newborn piglets (NPs) and suckling piglets (SPs), and to investigate their regulatory effects on IEC proliferation and barrier integrity, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms. In this study, compared with NPs, there were significant increases in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and albumin levels for SPs. The total serum BA content in SPs exhibited an obvious increase. Moreover, the expression of BA synthase cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1) was increased, and the ileal BA receptor Takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5 (TGR5) and proliferation marker Ki-67 were upregulated and showed a strong positive correlation through a Spearman correlation analysis, whereas the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and occludin was markedly downregulated in SPs and also revealed a strong positive correlation. These findings indicate that the increased synthesis and metabolism of BAs may upregulate TGR5 and downregulate FXR to promote IEC proliferation and influence barrier function; this offers a fresh perspective and evidence for the role of BAs and BA receptors in regulating intestinal development in neonatal pigs.

The integration of sensory information from different modalities, such as touch and vision, is essential for organisms to perform behavioral functions such as decision-making, learning, and memory. Artificial implementation of human multi-sensory perception using electronic supports is of great significance for achieving efficient human–machine interaction. Thanks to their structural and functional similarity with biological synapses, memristors are emerging as promising nanodevices for developing artificial neuromorphic perception. Memristive devices can sense multidimensional signals including light, pressure, and sound. Their in-sensor computing architecture represents an ideal platform for efficient multimodal perception. We review recent progress in multimodal memristive technology and its application to neuromorphic perception of complex stimuli carrying visual, olfactory, auditory, and tactile information. At the device level, the operation model and undergoing mechanism have also been introduced. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with this rapidly progressing field of research.

Abstract The accelerating electrification has sparked an explosion in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) consumption. As the lifespan declines, the substantial LIBs will flow into the recycling market and promise to spawn a giant recycling system. Nonetheless, since the lack of unified guiding standard and nontraceability, the recycling of end‐of‐life LIBs has fallen into the dilemma of low recycling rate, poor recycling efficiency, and insignificant benefits. Herein, tapping into summarizing and analyzing the current status and challenges of recycling LIBs, this outlook provides insights for the future course of full lifecycle management of LIBs, proposing gradient utilization and recycling‐target predesign strategy. Further, we acknowledge some recommendations for recycling waste LIBs and anticipate a collaborative effort to advance sustainable and reliable recycling routes.

Abstract Auditory motion perception is one crucial capability to decode and discriminate the spatiotemporal information for neuromorphic auditory systems. Doppler frequency‐shift feature and interaural time difference (ITD) are two fundamental cues of auditory information processing. In this work, the functions of azimuth detection and velocity detection, as the typical auditory motion perception, are demonstrated in a WOx‐based memristive synapse. The WOx memristor presents both the volatile mode (M1) and semi‐nonvolatile mode (M2), which are capable of implementing the high‐pass filtering and processing the spike trains with a relative timing and frequency shift. In particular, the Doppler frequency‐shift information processing for velocity detection is emulated in the WOx memristor based auditory system for the first time, which relies on a scheme of triplet spike‐timing‐dependent‐plasticity in the memristor. These results provide new opportunities for the mimicry of auditory motion perception and enable the auditory sensory system to be applied in future neuromorphic sensing.

Abstract Deep ultraviolet monitoring is realized via a high crystal quality SnO2 microwire (MW)‐based photodetector (PD). This is then combined with 2D nitrogen‐doped graphene (NGr), conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy), and an in situ polymerization‐fabricated composite film PPy‐NGr to construct an organic–inorganic p–n heterojunction PD. The long response time brought on by the oxygen adsorption of SnO2 MW is greatly decreased via coating with the aforementioned materials. A defect response is created by the surface dangling bonds of SnO2 MW, which can be effectively suppressed by the PPy. Absorption in the deep ultraviolet region (

Abstract The surface ligand environment plays a dominant role in determining the physicochemical, optical, and electronic properties of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs). Specifically, the ligand‐related electronic traps are the main reason for the carrier nonradiative recombination and the energetic losses in colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs), which are usually solved with numerous advanced ligand exchange reactions. However, the synthesis process, as the essential initial step to control the surface ligand environment of CQDs, has lagged behind these post‐synthesis ligand exchange reactions. The current PbS CQDs synthesis tactic generally uses lead oxide (PbO) as lead precursor, and thus suffers from the water byproducts issue increasing the surface‐hydroxyl ligands and aggravating trap‐induced recombination in the PbS CQDSCs. Herein, an organic‐Pb precursor, lead (II) acetylacetonate (Pb(acac)2), is used instead of a PbO precursor to avoid the adverse impact of water byproducts. Consequently, the Pb(acac)2 precursor successfully optimizes the surface ligands of PbS CQDs by reducing the hydroxyl ligands and increasing the iodine ligands with trap‐passivation ability. Finally, the Pb(acac)2‐based CQDSCs possess remarkably reduced trap states and suppressed nonradiative recombination, generating a certified record Voc of 0.652 V and a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.48% with long‐term stability in planar heterojunction‐structure CQDSCs.

Abstract Solution‐processed solar cells are promising for the cost‐effective, high‐throughput production of photovoltaic devices. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive candidate materials for efficient, solution‐processed solar cells, potentially realizing the broad‐spectrum light utilization and multi‐exciton generation effect for the future efficiency breakthrough of solar cells. The emerging quantum junction solar cells (QJSCs), constructed by n‐ and p‐type CQDs only, open novel avenue for all‐quantum‐dot photovoltaics with a simplified device configuration and convenient processing technology. However, the development of high‐efficiency QJSCs still faces the challenge of back carrier diffusion induced by the huge carrier density drop at the interface of CQDs and conductive glass substrate. Herein, an ultra‐thin atomic layer deposited tin oxide (SnOx) layer is employed to buffer this carrier density drop, significantly reducing the interfacial recombination and capacitance caused by the back carrier diffusion. The SnOx‐modified QJSC achieves a record‐high efficiency of 11.55% and a suppressed hysteresis factor of 0.04 in contrast with reference QJSC with an efficiency of 10.4% and hysteresis factor of 0.48. This work clarifies the critical effect of interfacial issues on the carrier recombination and hysteresis of QJSCs, and provides an effective pathway to design high‐performance all‐quantum‐dot devices.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antibiotic treatment for chronic endometritis (CE) on reproductive outcomes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.PatientsWomen with reproductive failures, including recurrent implantation failure (RIF), and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).InterventionsLiterature searches were performed using three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) until 1 December 2021 (without date restriction). The following comparators were included: women with CE receiving antibiotics vs. untreated controls; women with cured CE vs. women with normal endometrial histology (negative for CE); and women with cured CE vs. women with persistent CE (PCE). The summary measures were indicated as odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Main outcome measuresThese include on-going pregnancy rate/live birth rate (OPR/LBR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), and miscarriage rate/pregnancy loss rate (MR/PLR).ResultsA total of 2,154 women (from twelve studies) were enrolled. Compared with the control group, women with CE receiving antibiotics did not show a statistically significant difference in OPR/LBR (P = 0.09) and CPR (P = 0.36), although there was a lower MR (P = 0.03). Women with cured CE have higher OPR/LBR (OR 1.57) and CPR (OR 1.56) in comparison with those with non-CE. There was a statistically significantly higher OPR/LBR (OR 6.82, P < 0.00001) and CPR (OR 9.75, P < 0.00001) in women with cured CE vs. those with persistent CE.ConclusionWhile antibiotic treatment is a sensible option to cure CE, more well-designed prospective studies are needed to evaluate the reproductive impact of antibiotic treatment. Cured CE provides high-quality maternal conditions for subsequent embryo transfer and successful pregnancy.

The infrared radiation of the target and scene needs to be transmitted through the surface atmosphere, and it can be detected by infrared thermal imaging equipment. The mid-wave infrared band (MWIR, 3–5 μm) and the long-wave infrared band (LWIR, 8–14 μm) are two atmospheric windows for heat transmission and are the principal operating band of infrared equipment. This paper proposed a broadband metamaterial absorber based on hybrid multi-mode resonance in the MWIR and LWIR. Metamaterial absorber with rectangular grating structure achieves a total of six absorption peaks with high absorption in the MWIR and LWIR. The proposed absorber is scalability in the MWIR and LWIR by tuning the structural parameters. And we designed six absorption peaks to achieve a broadband absorber based on the combined action of propagating surface plasmons (PSP), localized surface plasmons (LSP), and Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonance modes. The average absorption rate of the MWIR is 52 %, and the average absorption rate of the LWIR is 86 %. The geometry of the absorber structure is relatively large, which facilitates fabrication and integration. Although, in terms of its resonance mechanism, the absorption is directly related to the incident angle. However, the metamaterial absorber maintains good wide-angle characteristics when the incident angle is ± 45°. Therefore, the proposed dual-band absorbers in the MWIR and LWIR will have great application potential in infrared detection devices.

Electronic devices with biomaterials have paved a way toward “green electronics” to create a sustainable future. Memristors are drawing growing attention with integrated sensing, memory, and computing for future artificial intelligence applications. Biomaterial is an emerging class of memristive materials (the device is called as biomemristor) for transient and/or biodegradable purpose. Importantly, several unique features such as faithful synaptic behaviors, bimodal switching, and biovoltage operations are observed in biomemristors. Moreover, the biomemristors are suitable for human‐related applications due to the inherent biocompatibility of biomaterials and flexibility of the device with ultrathin thickness. These features make the biomemristors promising for biorealistic neuromorphic applications. Herein, the state of the art of biomemristors are comprehensively summarized and systematically discussed with particular attention on their unique biorealistic features. Challenges and prospects toward the further development of biomemristors are also provided and discussed.

The intriguing properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) enable the exploration of new electronic device architectures, particularly the emerging memristive devices for in-memory computing applications. Implementation of arithmetic logic operations taking advantage of the non-linear characteristics of memristor can significantly improve the energy efficiency and simplify the complexity of peripheral circuits. Herein, we demonstrate an arithmetic logic unit function using a lateral volatile memristor based on layered 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) materials and some combinational logic circuits. Removable oxygen ions were introduced into WS2 materials through oxygen plasma treatment process. The resistive switching of the memristive device caused by the thermophoresis-assisted oxygen ions migration has also been revealed. Based on the characteristics of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and spike rate dependent plasticity (SRDP), a real-time numerical system convertor was successfully accomplished, which is a significant computing function of arithmetic logic unit. This work paves a new way for developing 2D memristive devices for future arithmetic logic applications.

Ultraviolet‐C illumination may provide a promising solution for the disinfection technology, and thus the development of novel type of ultraviolet‐C light sources is continuously expected. Herein, a conceptual design of ultraviolet‐C light source based on up‐conversion luminescence of phosphor material is introduced. Accordingly, a composite film is prepared using YBO3:Pr3+ phosphor and a transmissive remote phosphor‐converted light source is built by combing the phosphor film with a 447 nm laser. Spectral measurements show that the phosphor‐converted design emits ultraviolet‐C light peaking at 263 and 274 nm with tunable emission intensities. Moreover, ultraviolet imaging demonstration implies that the present design has a potential to serve as an ultraviolet‐C germicidal light source for surface decontamination.

Abstract Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive liver carcinoma with increasing incidence and mortality. A good auxiliary prognostic prediction tool is desperately needed for the development of treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of the radiomics nomogram based on enhanced CT in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods In this retrospective study, 101 patients with pathological confirmation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were recruited. A radiomics nomogram was developed by radiomics score and independent clinical risk factors selecting from multivariate Cox regression. All patients were stratified as high risk and low risk by a nomogram. Model performance and clinical usefulness were assessed by calibration curve, ROC curve, and survival curve. Results A total of 101patients (mean age, 58.2 years old; range 36–79 years old) were included in the study. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates were 49.5%, 26.6%, and 14.4%, respectively, with a median survival time of 12.2 months in the whole set. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method selected 3 features. Multivariate Cox analysis found three independent prognostic factors. The radiomics nomogram showed a significant prognosis value with overall survival. There was a significant difference in the 1-year and 3-year survival rates of stratified high-risk and low-risk patients in the whole set (30.4% vs. 56.4% and 13.0% vs. 30.6%, respectively, p = 0.018). Conclusions This radiomics nomogram has potential application value in the preoperative prognostic prediction of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and may facilitate in clinical decision-making.

Ultra-broadband metamaterials absorbers with high absorption, ultrathin thickness and easy configurations are designed and demonstrated, which pave the way for enhancing the optical performance in applications of infrared thermal emitters, imaging and photodetectors.

Abstract Biodegradable organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have drawn tremendous attention for potential applications such as green electronic skins, degradable flexible displays, and novel implantable devices. However, it remains a huge challenge to simultaneously achieve high mobility, stable operation and controllable biodegradation of OFETs, because most of the widely used biodegradable insulating materials contain large amounts of hydrophilic groups. Herein, it is firstly proposed fungal‐degradation ultraflexible OFETs based on the crosslinked dextran (C‐dextran) as dielectric layer. The crosslinking strategy effectively eliminates polar hydrophilic groups and improves water and solvent resistance of dextran dielectric layer. The device with spin‐coated 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) semiconductor and C‐dextran dielectric exhibits the highest mobility up to 7.72 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is higher than all the reported degradable OFETs. Additionally, the device still maintains high performance regardless of in an environment humidity up to 80% or under the extreme bending radius of 0.0125 mm. After completion of their mission, the device can be controllably biodegraded by fungi without any adverse environmental effects, promoting the natural ecological cycles with the concepts of “From nature, for nature”. This work opens up a new avenue for realizing high‐performance biodegradable OFETs, and advances the process of the “green” electrical devices in practical applications.

Designing reliable and energy efficient neuromorphic computing systems for spatiotemporal coding remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a type of spike-rate-dependent plasticity based on a triplet learning scheme in a WO3−x-based second-order memristor network for spatiotemporal patterns.

The intrinsic properties and the damage behavior of powder metallurgy (P/M) connecting rod preform have significant effects on its metal flow behavior during flashless forging into its final complex shape with substantial densification. The P/M material constitutive equation were established using isothermal compression tests, and then used to study the metal flow behavior of a P/M connecting rod preform during flashless forging based on finite element modelling (FEM). Moreover, the preform geometry was designed based on these metal flow mechanisms. Experiments and flashless forging of P/M connecting rod preforms were performed in order to verify the accuracy of the simulations. The simulated results are well consistent with the experimental results. Results showed that the shank is much more prone to cracking due to the higher deformation rate and the faster cooling rate. The optimal dimensions of the P/M preform were obtained. When the preform geometry are optimized, the average density of the connecting rod increases homogeneously, and becomes superior to that of the original shape. This work suggests that the geometry of the preform can be designed efficiently based on our models. This work can help to derive a P/M connecting rod preform optimization methodology, which can offer the possibility of improving the quality of the connecting rods efficiently. Keywords: Connecting rod, Numerical simulation, Optimization, Powder metallurgy

Abstract Exploration of optoelectronic memristors with the capability to combine sensing and processing functions is required to promote development of efficient neuromorphic vision. In this work, the authors develop a plasmonic optoelectronic memristor that relies on the effects of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and optical excitation in an Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite film. Fully light‐induced synaptic plasticity (e.g., potentiation and depression) under visible and ultraviolet light stimulations is demonstrated, which enables the functional combination of visual sensing and low‐level image pre‐processing (including contrast enhancement and noise reduction) in a single device. Furthermore, the light‐gated and electrically‐driven synaptic plasticity can be performed in the same device, in which the spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) learning functions can be reversibly modulated by visible and ultraviolet light illuminations. Thereby, the high‐level image processing function, i.e., image recognition, can also be performed in this memristor, whose recognition rate and accuracy are obviously enhanced as a result of image pre‐processing and light‐gated STDP enhancement. Experimental analysis shows that the memristive switching mechanism under optical stimulation can be attributed to the oxidation/reduction of Ag nanoparticles due to the effects of LSPR and optical excitation. The authors' work proposes a new type of plasmonic optoelectronic memristor with fully light‐modulated capability that may promote the future development of efficient neuromorphic vision.

The homogeneous distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the Cu matrix and good interfacial bonding are the key factors to obtain excellent properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced Cu-based composites (CNT/Cu). In this work, silver-modified carbon nanotubes (Ag-CNTs) were prepared by a simple, efficient and reducer-free method (ultrasonic chemical synthesis), and Ag-CNTs-reinforced copper matrix composites (Ag-CNTs/Cu) were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The dispersion and interfacial bonding of CNTs were effectively improved by Ag modification. Compared to CNTs/Cu counterparts, the properties of Ag-CNTs/Cu samples were significantly improved, with the electrical conductivity of 94.9% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard), thermal conductivity of 416 W/m·k and tensile strength (315 MPa). The strengthening mechanisms are also discussed.

The heat released from an aluminum-air battery has a great effect on its performance and operating life during the discharge process. A theoretical model was proposed to evaluate the resulting thermal effect, and the generated heat was divided into the following sources: anodic aluminum oxidation reaction, cathodic oxygen reduction reaction, heat production against the battery internal resistance, and hydrogen-evolution reaction. Quantitative analysis was conducted on each part, showing that all heat production sources increased with discharge current density. It should be noted that the heat caused by hydrogen evolution accounted for the most, up to 90%. Furthermore, the regulation strategy for inhibiting hydrogen evolution was developed by addition of hybrid additives to the electrolyte, and the hydrogen-evolution rate was greatly reduced by more than 50% as was the generated heat. This research has important guidance for the thermal effect analysis of aluminum–air batteries, together with control of the thermal management process by inhibiting hydrogen evolution, thus promoting their practical application.

Spiking neural network (SNN), widely known as the third-generation neural network, has been frequently investigated due to its excellent spatiotemporal information processing capability, high biological plausibility, and low energy consumption characteristics. Analogous to the working mechanism of human brain, the SNN system transmits information through the spiking action of neurons. Therefore, artificial neurons are critical building blocks for constructing SNN in hardware. Memristors are drawing growing attention due to low consumption, high speed, and nonlinearity characteristics, which are recently introduced to mimic the functions of biological neurons. Researchers have proposed multifarious memristive materials including organic materials, inorganic materials, or even two-dimensional materials. Taking advantage of the unique electrical behavior of these materials, several neuron models are successfully implemented, such as Hodgkin–Huxley model, leaky integrate-and-fire model and integrate-and-fire model. In this review, the recent reports of artificial neurons based on memristive devices are discussed. In addition, we highlight the models and applications through combining artificial neuronal devices with sensors or other electronic devices. Finally, the future challenges and outlooks of memristor-based artificial neurons are discussed, and the development of hardware implementation of brain-like intelligence system based on SNN is also prospected.

Abstract As the most extensively used gas‐sensing devices, inorganic semiconductor chemiresistors are facing great challenges in realizing mechanical flexibility and room‐temperature gas detection for developing next‐generation wearable sensing devices. Herein, for the first time, flexible all‐inorganic yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/In2O3/graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) (ZIC) gas sensor is designed by employing YSZ nanofibers as substrate, and ultrathin In2O3/g‐C3N4 heterostructures as active sensing layer. The YSZ substrate possesses small nanofiber diameter (310 nm), ultrafine grain size (23.9 nm), and abundant dangling bonds, endowing it with striking mechanical flexibility and strong adhesion with In2O3/g‐C3N4 sensing layer. Meanwhile, the ultrathin thickness (≈7 nm) of In2O3/g‐C3N4 ensures that the inorganic sensing layer has tiny linear strain along with the deformation of flexible YSZ substrate, thereby enabling unusual bending capacity. To address the operating temperature issue, the gas sensor is operated by using a visible‐light‐powered strategy. Under visible‐light illumination, the flexible ZIC sensor exhibits a perfectly reversible response/recovery dynamic process and ultralow detection limit of 50 ppb to toxic nitrogen dioxide at room temperature. This work not only provides an insight into the mechanical flexibility of inorganic materials, but also offers a valuable reference for developing other flexible inorganic‐semiconductor‐based room‐temperature gas sensors.

Summary: The development of high-performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is one key issue required for the success of large-scale energy storage systems. In addition to performance degradation during cycling, electrode materials are usually hampered by instability when stored in various environments severely restricting their practical application. Here, we report a stable cathode material that shows no obvious capacity attenuation in various storage conditions. The cathode is composed of regular and homogeneous Na3V2(PO4)2O2F0.99Cl0.01 (NVPFCl) microcubes, with electrochemical properties, including high specific capacity (128.2 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C), excellent rate capability (79.8 mA h g-1 at 20 C), long-term cycle life, and all-climate performance. Studies using in/ex situ characterization and electrode kinetics are implemented to reveal the possible reasons for the stability and electrochemical activity of NVPFCl. This work may provide a pathway for the development of all-climate and storage-stable SIB cathode materials.

The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory effects of policosanol on hyperlipidemia, gut microbiota and metabolic status in a C57BL/6 mouse model. A total of 35 C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 3 groups, chow (n=12), high fat diet (HFD, n=12) and HFD+policosanol (n=11), then treated for 18 weeks. Policosanol supplementation significantly reduced serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, as well as the weight of brown adipose tissue (BAT) (p0.05). Combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that policosanol had regulatory effects on gut microbiota and serum metabolism in mice. In obese mice, policosanol increased the proportion of Bacteroides, decreased the proportion of Firmicutes, and increased the ratio of Bacteroides to Firmicutes (p

Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EL) are rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, showing enhancing intestinal health effects. The intestinal microbiota-bile acid axis plays important roles in the occurrence and recovery of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, whether EL extract (ELE) has regulatory effects on the intestinal microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and IBD is still unclear. To fill this gap, 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mild IBD in a C57BL/6J mouse model that was treated with 200 or 400 mg/kg (intake dose/body weight) ELE was used. Oral ELE supplementation alleviated DSS-induced shortening of colon and colonic epithelial injury. Compared with the DSS group, ELE supplementation significantly decreased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) and increased occludin and claudin-1 mRNA expression level in the colon (p < 0.05). Combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomic analyses demonstrated that ELE significantly improved the diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota, decreased the abundance of Bacteroidaceae, and increased Akkermansiaceae and Ruminococcaceae abundance (p < 0.05) compared with DSS-induced IBD mice. Moreover, ELE significantly increased the serum contents of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), which were highly positively correlated with Akkermansia and unidentified_Ruminococccaceae relative to the DSS group. We then found that ELE increased Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), claudin-1, and occludin mRNA expression levels in the colon. In the Caco-2 cell model, we confirmed that activation of TGR5 improved the reduction in transepithelial electoral resistance (TEER) and decreased the permeability of FITC-dextran on monolayer cells induced by LPS (p < 0.05). siRNA interference assays showed that the decrease in TGR5 expression led to the decrease in TEER, an increase in FITC-dextran permeability, and a decrease in claudin-1 protein expression in Caco-2 cells. In summary, ELE alleviated IBD by influencing the intestinal microbiota structure and composition of bile acids, which in turn activated the colonic TGR5 gene expression in the colon and promoted the expression of tight junction proteins. These findings provide new insight for using ELE as a functional food with adjuvant therapeutic effects in IBD.

Abstract Organic‐inorganic halide perovskites (OHPs) have been intensively studied for application in solar cells with high conversion efficiency exceeding 22%. The unique electrical and optical properties of OHPs have led to their use in optoelectronic device applications beyond photovoltaics, such as light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, transistors. New information storage technologies and computing architectures are being researched extensively with the aim of addressing the growing challenge of approaching end of Moore's law and von Neumann bottleneck. As the fourth basic circuit element, memristor is a leading candidate with powerful capabilities in information storage and neuromorphic computing applications. Recently, OHPs have received growing attention as promising materials for memristors. In particular, their mixed ionic‐electronic conduction ability paired with light sensitivity provide OHPs with the opportunity to display novel functions such as optical‐erase memory, optogenetics‐inspired synaptic functions, and light‐accelerated learning capability. This review covers recent advances in OHP‐based memristors development including memristive mechanism and analytical models, universal memristive characteristics for memory and neuromorphic computing applications, and novel multi‐functionalization. Challenges and future prospects of OHP‐based memristors are also discussed.

Inhomogeneous structures with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), reinforced with Cu composite foams as the reinforcing skeletons (CNTs/Cuf®Cu), have been designed to overcome the paradox between strength and ductility or conductivity in copper matrix composites. The interface between CNTs and the copper matrix is usually weak, due to poor wettability and interaction. In this study, nickel nanoparticles are decorated onto CNTs to improve interfacial bonding. The broader interface transition area between CNTs and copper with Ni3C interfacial products formed, and a combination of improved electrical conductivity (95.6% IACS), tensile strength (364.9 MPa), and elongation (40.6%) was achieved for the Ni-decorated CNTs/Cuf®Cu (Ni-CNTs/Cuf®Cu). In addition, the strengthening mechanisms are discussed in this study.

Abstract Organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) are identified to be the most promising candidate for next‐generation wearable and implantable electronics because of their unique advantages including their flexibility, low cost, long‐term biocompatibility, and simple packaging. However, commercialization of organic transistors remains an enormous challenge due to their low mobility and lack of scalable strategy for high‐precise soft devices. Here, a novel photolithography fabrication strategy is proposed, which is completely compatible with various commercial organic semiconductor materials, for the first demonstration of the fully photolithographic top‐contact conformable OTFTs with the device density as high as 1523 transistors cm−2. Excellent electrical and mechanical properties with device yield as high as 100%, field‐effect mobility up to 1–2 cm2 V−1 s−1, and outstanding conformability are shown. This work provides a new strategy that can fully maximize the advantages of organic materials and photolithography technology, showing a great prospect in the development of high‐performance, high‐precise organic devices toward the commercialized and industrialized soft electronic products.

Improving the stability of lead iodide (PbI2), especially photostability, is in crucial demand for the realization of application‐level optoelectronic devices. In this regard, deposition of organic polymers on PbI2 as a protective layer is a common strategy to improve its stability, but polymers with low thermal conductivity generally cannot produce the desired effect. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed for improving the photostability of PbI2 at different excitation wavelengths, including 320, 405, and 532 nm, via constructing type‐I heterostructure with ZnO with high thermal conductivity. In addition, due to the type‐I band alignment between PbI2 and ZnO, the photogenerated carriers in ZnO can be transferred to PbI2, resulting in a nearly eightfold photoluminescence enhancement of PbI2 under 320 nm laser excitation. The ZnO as a protective layer forming type‐I heterostructure is evidenced as a feasible strategy for enhancing the photostability and photoluminescence of PbI2, facilitating the development of practical applications.

A neuromorphic computing chip that can imitate the human brain’s ability to process multiple types of data simultaneously could fundamentally innovate and improve the von-neumann computer architecture, which has been criticized. Memristive devices are among the best hardware units for building neuromorphic intelligence systems due to the fact that they operate at an inherent low voltage, use multi-bit storage, and are cost-effective to manufacture. However, as a passive device, the memristor cell needs external energy to operate, resulting in high power consumption and complicated circuit structure. Recently, an emerging self-powered memristive system, which mainly consists of a memristor and an electric nanogenerator, had the potential to perfectly solve the above problems. It has attracted great interest due to the advantages of its power-free operations. In this review, we give a systematic description of self-powered memristive systems from storage to neuromorphic computing. The review also proves a perspective on the application of artificial intelligence with the self-powered memristive system.