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Inkjet-printed patterns were formed on a paper substrate using anti-oxidant copper nano-ink for application to disposable electronic devices. To prevent substrate damage, the pattern was flash light sintered under ambient conditions using the multi-pulse technique. Pure copper nanoparticles were coated with 1-octanethiol for oxidation resistance using the dry-coating method. Mixing these with 1-octanol solvent at a concentration of 30 wt% produced the copper nano-ink. Photo paper was used as the substrate. The contact angle between the photo paper and copper nano-ink was 37.2&deg, and the optimal energy density for the multi-pulse flash light sintering technique was 15.6 J/cm2. Using this energy density, the optimal conditions were an on-time of 2 ms (duty cycle of 80%) for three pulses. The resistivity of the resulting pattern was 2.8 &times, 10&minus, 7 &Omega, ∙m. After bending 500 times to a radius of curvature of 30 mm, the relative resistance (&Delta, R/R0) of the multi-pulse flash light-sintered pattern hardly changed compared to that of the unbent pattern, while the single-pulse-sintered pattern showed dramatic increase by 8-fold compared to the unbent pattern. Therefore, the multi-pulse light sintering technique is a promising approach to produce an inkjet-printed pattern that can be applied to disposable electronic devices.

Inkjet-printed patterns and droplets were formed by the inkjet printing method on a Standard Clean-1 (SC-1)-treated substrate using anti-oxidized copper nano-ink. The hydrophobicity of the substrate increased after the SC-1 treatment. Copper nanoparticles were coated with 1-octanethiol vapors via a dry coating method to produce anti-oxidized nanoparticles, which were dispersed in a solvent to form a nano-ink. Droplets of the 1-octanethiol-coated copper nano-ink at 50 wt% concentration had a uniform morphology when printed on the SC-1-treated glass substrate. The minimum printed pattern line width was 55 μm on the SC-1-treated glass and had a resistivity of 1.73 × 10−7 Ω m. This resistivity was 4.3-times lower than that of the untreated substrate. Moreover, the pattern printed using the nano-ink made with 1-octanethiol-coated copper nanoparticles showed good adhesion and provided approximately 2.1-times lower resistivity. The dispersion of the nanoparticles within the droplet was more hydrophobic and formed uniform inkjet-printed patterns that had lower resistivity compared with those made with the uncoated nanoparticle-containing ink.

Copper nanoparticles were protected against oxidation by coating with 1-octanethiol. The copper nano-ink was synthesized by dispersing the coated copper powder in 1-octanol solvent at a concentration of 18 wt%. Inkjet patterns printed on a flexible polyimide film and subjected to flash-light sintering displayed excellent anti-oxidation behavior over 2 months. The optimal light-sintering condition was 24.7 J/cm2 of energy density from a 5-ms pulse, which resulted in a resistivity of 2.4 × 10−7 Ω∙m. After bending more than 1000 times, the resistivity of the light-sintered pattern was 1.45-times higher than that of the unbent pattern. The light-sintered pattern printed with the anti-oxidative copper nano-ink shows great promise for flexible device applications.

We integrated ZnO with g-C 3 N 4 nanostructures via successful core–shell formation using single step simple sintering process for photocatalysis application. Analytical tools show that the g-C 3 N 4 shell with an average thickness of 3 nm has been coated onto surface of ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, few ZnO particles are sporadically distributed on g-C 3 N 4 sheets forming their nanocomposites. Further, these core–shell nanocomposites are used as photocatalysts for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible irradiation. As a result of photocatalysis measurements, it was found that 0.75 wt% zinc source with g-C 3 N 4 exhibited almost two times high kinetic rate constant ( k = 6.87 × 10 −3 min −1 ) as compared with that of pure g-C 3 N 4 ( k = 3.38 × 10 −3 min −1 ) and ZnO ( k = 1.03 × 10 −3 min −1 ) nanostructures. This enhanced photocatalytic performance of core–shell nanocomposites was aroused from effective interfacial charge separation and transportation, resulted into rapid degradation of RhB molecules. Moreover, increased optical absorption in visible region of spectrum revealed the large number of generation of charge carriers. Fabricated ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 core–shell nanocomposites are also stable upto four cycles, indicating its good stability. Therefore, present core–shell nanocomposites can be applied to water purification devices under visible irradiation.

15-lipoxygenase is involved in the generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators that play essential roles in resolution and inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated anti-inflammatory role of Alox15 in skin homeostasis. We demonstrated that knockout (KO) of Alox15 led to hair loss and disrupted the structural integrity of the dorsal skin. Alox15 KO resulted in loss of hair follicle stem cells and abnormal transition of dermal adipocytes into fibroblasts. Alox15 deficiency increased infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages and upregulated proinflammatory and necroptotic signaling in dermal adipose tissue in the dorsal skin. Lipidomic analysis revealed severe loss of resolvin D2 in the dorsal skin of Alox15 KO mice compared to wild type controls. Treatment with resolvin D2 reduced skin inflammation in Alox15 KO mice. Collectively, these results indicate that Alox15-mediated production of resolvin D2 is required to maintain skin integrity by suppressing dermal inflammation.

We investigated the role of connexin 43 (Cx43) in maintaining the integrity of mitochondria in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The functional effects of Cx43 were evaluated using inducible, adipocyte-specific Cx43 knockout in mice (Gja1 adipoq KO) and by overexpression and knockdown of Cx43 in cultured adipocytes. Mitochondrial morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy and mitochondrial function and autophagy were assessed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. The metabolic effects of adipocyte-specific knockout of Cx43 were assessed during cold stress and following high fat diet feeding. Cx43 expression was higher in BAT compared to white adipose tissue. Treatment with the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 increased Cx43 expression and mitochondrial localization. Gja1 adipoq KO mice reduced mitochondrial density and increased the presence of damaged mitochondria in BAT. Moreover, metabolic activation with CL316,243 further reduced mitochondrial integrity and upregulated autophagy in the BAT of Gja1 adipoq KO mice. Inhibition of Cx43 in cultured adipocytes increased the generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of autophagy during β-adrenergic stimulation. Gja1 adipoq KO mice were cold intolerant, expended less energy in response to β3-adrenergic receptor activation, and were more insulin resistant after a high-fat diet challenge. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Cx43 is required for maintaining the mitochondrial integrity and metabolic activity of BAT.

Myricetin is a biologically active natural polyphenol with beneficial effects on metabolic health. This study aimed to examine the effects of myricetin on the expression levels of genes involved in lipolysis and mitochondrial respiration in adipocytes and the anti-obesity potential of myricetin. The results indicated that myricetin reduced triglyceride (TG) content and increased mitochondrial content and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in adipocytes in vitro. To determine anti-obesity effect of myricetin, C57BL6/J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks and then treated with myricetin (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The in vivo treatment of myricetin reduced body weight by 11%. Furthermore, it improved the glucose tolerance, and increased fatty acid consumption of HFD-fed mice. Myricetin treatment increased Sirt3 expression and reduced the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins in adipose tissue. Finally, the knockdown of Sirt3 in adipocytes reduced the myricetin-induced increase in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate by about 27% compared to controls. Our results indicated that myricetin exerted anti-obesity effects through the upregulation of Sirt3 expression and mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue.

A novel method of carbonaceous coating on the surface of copper particles was developed through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to prevent the oxidation of copper nanoparticles (CNPs). The types of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) used were K-12 (M W 3,500) and K-30 (M W 45,000). The amounts of PVP used ranged from 10 to 50 wt %. Additionally, processing temperatures of 900 and 875 °C were tested and compared. The optimum CVD process conditions for the carbonaceous coating were as follows: 875 °C processing temperature, 50 wt % K12 PVP solution, and gas conditions of . The resistivity change in the fabricated copper pattern was confirmed that the initial resistivity value of the ink with a mixing ratio of carbonaceous-coated CNPs to 1-octanethiol-coated CNPs of (w/w) maintained its initial resistivity value of 2.93 × 10−7 Ω·m for more than 210 days.

Disclosed is a multi-function actuator comprising: a case having an internal space; a vibrating coil installed in the case for generating vibration; a diaphragm for generating sound with an outer end being fixed to the upper end of the case; a voice coil fixedly installed in the bottom of the diaphragm for generating sound according to a sound source and having an notch filter; a vertically magnetized magnet; an upper plated attached to the magnet for constituting a magnetic circuit; a yoke for constituting the magnetic circuit together with the magnet; a weight for constituting a vibrator body together with the magnet, the upper plate and the yoke; and a suspension spring for supporting the vibrator body. In generating sound, sound quality is improved without influencing sound while vibration is reduced.