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Semantic priming in Turkish was examined in 36 right-handed healthy participants in a delayed lexical decision task via taxonomic relations using EEG. Prime--target relations included related- unrelated- and pseudo-words. Taxonomically related words at long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) were shown to modulate N400 and late positive component (LPC) amplitudes. N400 semantic priming effect in the time window of 300-500 ms was the largest for pseudo-words, intermediate for semantically-unrelated targets, and smallest for semantically-related targets as a reflection of lexical-semantic retrieval. This finding contributes to the ERP literature showing how remarkably universal the N400 brain potential is, with similar effects across languages and orthography. The ERP data also revealed different influences of related, unrelated, and pseudo-word conditions on the amplitude of the LPC. Attention scores and mean LPC amplitudes of related words in parietal region showed a moderate correlation, indicating LPC may be related to "relationship-detection process".

Background: Structural income inequality – the uneven income distribution across regions or countries – could affect brain structure and function, beyond individual differences. However, the impact of structural income inequality on the brain dynamics and the roles of demographics and cognition in these associations remains unexplored. Methods: Here, we assessed the impact of structural income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient on multiple EEG metrics, while considering the subject‐level effects of demographic (age, sex, education) and cognitive factors. Resting‐state EEG signals were collected from a diverse sample (countries = 10; healthy individuals = 1394 from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Turkey and United Kingdom). Complexity (fractal dimension, permutation entropy, Wiener entropy, spectral structure variability), power spectral and aperiodic components (1/f slope, knee, offset), as well as graph‐theoretic measures were analysed. Findings: Despite variability in samples, data collection methods, and EEG acquisition parameters, structural inequality systematically predicted electrophysiological brain dynamics, proving to be a more crucial determinant of brain dynamics than individual‐level factors. Complexity and aperiodic activity metrics captured better the effects of structural inequality on brain function. Following inequality, age and cognition emerged as the most influential predictors. The overall results provided convergent multimodal metrics of biologic embedding of structural income inequality characterised by less complex signals, increased random asynchronous neural activity, and reduced alpha and beta power, particularly over temporoposterior regions. Conclusion: These findings might challenge conventional neuroscience approaches that tend to overemphasise the influence of individual‐level factors, while neglecting structural factors. Results pave the way for neuroscience‐informed public policies aimed at tackling structural inequalities in diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cukurova Medical Journal / Çukurova Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Neurology / Turk Noroloji Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive functioning by administering the Virtual Supermarket (VSM) test in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, N = 37) and age and education-matched healthy controls (HCs, N = 52). An extensive neuropsychological test battery and the VSM were administered to all participants. The aMCI group exhibited lower performance and required more time to complete the VSM compared to HCs. Also, aMCI-Multiple Domain (aMCI-MD) patients performed worse in the "Correct Types", "Correct Quantities", "Bought Unlisted", "Correct Money" variables compared to HCs. Moreover, aMCI-SD patients displayed lower performance in "Bought Unlisted" and "Correct Money" variables compared to HCs. The VSM variables correlated with established neuropsychological test scores. The VSM test was found to discriminate between aMCI and HCs with a correct classification rate (CCR) of 81%. This is a preliminary study showing that the VSM is a valid, brief and user-friendly test. . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Stroop test Çapa version does not have normative data, despite its extensive use in clinical and research settings to assess executive functions. The aim of the present study was to test the validity and reliability of the Stroop test Çapa version and to establish stratified normative data in individuals aged between 18-83 years. Method: The norm determination phase of the study included 541 healthy participants, stratified by age, education, and gender. The relative contributions of the demographic variables on the completion times of Stroop subtests were assessed with multiple linear regression analysis. The main effects of age, education and gender variables and of interactions between these on the completion times of subtests were investigated with 6x3x2 ANOVA design. In addition, the concurrent validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the test were examined. Results: Multiple linear regression models that included age and education accounted for 23-42% of the completion time variances of all subtests. In the factorial ANOVA, main effects, as well as interaction effects of age and education were found on all subtests. For all Stroop subtests, the completion times were the shortest for the individuals in the 18-29 age group with the highest education level and longest for the individuals in the 70-83 age group with the lowest education level. The test demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and high test-retest reliability. Conclusion: Normative data of the Stroop Test Çapa Version were provided for the assessment of executive functions in young and middle-aged adults and elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia characterized by cognitive deficits. Understanding the neural basis of MCI is crucial for early detection and intervention. This manuscript investigates the neural alterations associated with MCI using task-based and fMRI. Methods: The study employed a word generation task to assess cognitive processes related to language, attention, and visual processing. A group of individuals with MCI and a control group underwent fMRI scanning while performing the task. Independent component analysis (ICA) was conducted to identify and analyze task-related networks. Results: The results revealed distinct patterns of functional connectivity in the MCI group compared to the control group. During the word generation task, the MCI group exhibited decreased functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network (DAN), specifically in the right precentral gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. Conversely, increased functional connectivity was observed in the language network, including bilateral lingual gyrus, right temporooccipital cortex, right hippocampus, and right thalamus. Furthermore, decreased functional connectivity was observed in the visual network, involving bilateral superior frontal gyrus and paracingulate gyrus. Resting-state fMRI analysis revealed increased functional connectivity in the language network of the aMCI group, particularly in bilateral thalamus and caudate nucleus. Conclusion: These findings highlight specific neural alterations in language, attention, and visual processing networks in individuals with aMCI, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of cognitive impairment. The observed changes in functional connectivity during both task-based and restingstate fMRI suggest disrupted network dynamics in MCI. These results contribute to the knowledge on the neural correlates of MCI and have implications for the development of targeted interventions. Early detection and intervention based on these neural markers may improve prognosis and potentially delay the progression to dementia. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore their clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Neurology / Turk Noroloji Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)