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Abstract Neuron localization is a fundamental step in the neuron morphology reconstruction and quantitative analysis of cell counting and spatial distribution. The recent development of labelling and imaging techniques has resulted in growing demand for automatic neuron localization methods of 3D neuronal microscopy images. However, accurately localizing touching neurons remains a challenge. To address this issue, a novel method utilizing a super‐resolution segmentation network based on 2D Conv‐LSTM and a region growing method are proposed. This network can map and detect individual neurons in higher resolution space, allowing for the separation of closely touching neurons with reduced resource consumption. Subsequently, a region growing method is employed to localize neurons accurately. This method is evaluated using neuronal images generated by TDI‐fMOST. This method achieved neuron localization with an F1 score of 0.91. In comparison, other automatic localization methods achieved F1 scores lower than 0.85. It is also demonstrated that our network has fewer computational requirements compared to 3D neural networks. This method is promising for accurately localizing neurons in large‐scale neuron images.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and demonstrate the key role of stroke in this relationship using mediating Mendelian randomization. AD, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral abnormalities, severely affects the quality of life of patients. Hypertension is an important risk factor for AD. However, the precise mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. To investigate the relationship between hypertension and AD, we used a mediated Mendelian randomization method and screened for mediating variables between hypertension and AD by setting instrumental variables. The results of the mediated analysis showed that stroke, as a mediating variable, plays an important role in the causal relationship between hypertension and AD. Specifically, the mediated indirect effect value for stroke obtained using multivariate mediated MR analysis was 54.9%. This implies that approximately 55% of the risk of AD owing to hypertension can be attributed to stroke. The results suggest that the increased risk of AD owing to hypertension is mediated through stroke. The finding not only sheds light on the relationship between hypertension and AD but also indicates novel methods for the prevention and treatment of AD. By identifying the critical role of stroke in the link between hypertension and AD, this study provides insights into potential interventions that could mitigate the impact of hypertension on AD. This could help develop personalized treatments and help improve the quality of life of patients with AD who suffer from hypertension.

Efficiency has always been one of the most critical indicators for evaluating wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. To achieve fast maximum energy efficiency tracking (MEET), this paper provides an innovative control method utilizing the hill climbing-golden section search (HC-GSS) method of an LCC-S compensated WPT system. The receiver side includes a buck-boost converter that regulates the output current or voltage to meet output requirements. In the meantime, the buck-boost converter on the transmitter side is managed by the HC-GSS approach for MEET by minimizing the input power under the premise of output stability. Compared with the conventional P&O method, the HC-GSS method can eliminate the trade-off between the oscillation and convergence rate because it is designed for different system stages. In this WPT system, there is no need for direct communication between the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, the system is potentially cheaper to implement and does not suffer from annoying communication delays, which are prevalent in underwater environments for unmanned underwater vehicles’ (UUV) WPT systems. Both the simulation and experiment results show that this method can improve the efficiency of the WPT system without communication. The proposed method remains valid with coupler displacement as it does not include the mutual inductance of the system.

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that the types of immune cells are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is currently unclear whether these associations reflect causal relationships.ObjectiveTo elucidate the causal relationship between immune cells and neurodegenerative diseases, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Materials and methodsThe exposure and outcome GWAS data used in this study were obtained from an open-access database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/), the study employed two-sample MR analysis to assess the causal relationship between 731 immune cell features and four neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). All immune cell data was obtained from Multiple MR methods were used to minimize bias and obtain reliable estimates of the causal relationship between the variables of interest and the outcomes. Instrumental variable selection criteria were restricted to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the causal relationship between species of immune cells and the risk of these neurodegenerative diseases.ResultsThe study identified potential causal relationships between various immune cells and different neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we found that 8 different types of immune cells have potential causal relationships with AD, 1 type of immune cells has potential causal relationships with PD, 6 different types of immune cells have potential causal relationships with ALS, and 6 different types of immune cells have potential causal relationships with MS.ConclusionOur study, through genetic means, demonstrates close causal associations between the specific types of immune cells and AD, PD, ALS and MS, providing useful guidance for future clinical researches.

Abstract Precipitation anomaly grades are usually defined by the percentage anomaly (Pa) or probability distribution (Pd) methods. However, the difference between the two may lead to different estimates for the same events, creating difficulty in judging the severity of the events. Here, we quantify the difference in measuring precipitation variability in China between Pa and Pd methods and analyze physical meaning and influencing factors of the difference. The results show that Pa tends to underestimate the domain of wetness (e.g., it underestimated 7.67% in June 2018) and overestimate/underestimate the severity of extreme wetness (>1.5σ)/dryness (

Power Transfer Efficiency (PTE) and Transferred Power (TP) are two crucial indicators of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system. However, in most compensatory topologies, the ideal coils design parameters of PTE and TP are inconsistent, implying that optimizing for one indicator would make another indicator less effective. As a result, in this article, the Thompson sampling efficient multi-objective optimization (TSEMO) algorithm is used to simultaneously optimize PTE and TP in the S-S compensation topology. Through the co-calculation of MATLAB and COMSOL, the coils can be optimized in the environment of magnetic material (ferrite) and conductive material (aluminum). Coils larger than the underwater vehicle’s size are deleted during the data interaction between MATLAB and COMSOL to guarantee that the optimal PTE and TP can be attained within the constrained area. Due to the open standard external software packages between MATLAB and COMSOL, the entire optimization process may be automated. The results show that for WPT systems with restricted input voltage, such as the battery, this design strategy can achieve better TP at the expense of lower PTE, which is highly beneficial in improving the system’s overall performance.

Abstrak Seorang pendidik harus selalu belajar untuk mengikuti perkembangan teknologi. Proyek IPAS merupakan matapelajaran baru di kurikulum Merdeka. Kurikulum Merdeka mengarahkan pembelajaran yang berdiferensiasi. Pemanfaatan teknologi khususnya bidang pendidikan salah satunya adalah pembuatan e-modul interaktif. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Research and Development (R&D) dengan model 4D (Define, Design, Develop dan Desimination). Define merupakan tahapan untuk menganalisa kebutuhan peserta didik. Design merupakan tahapan untuk merancang produk yang akan dibuat. Develop merupakan tahap validasi oleh pakar materi dan pakar media. Hasil yang diperoleh dari validasi pakar media dan pakar materi dihitung dengan analisis Aikens’V diperoleh bahwa produk valid dan layak. Tahapan yang terakhir adalah Desimination adalah penyebarluasan produk yang dilakukan dalam skala kecil yaitu di kelas X SMK N 1 Dukuhturi. Dengan menggunakan Uji t diketahui terdapat adanya perbedaan antara hasil posttest kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Selanjutnya Uji N Gain Skor diperoleh peningkatan sebesar 0,721 yang artinya terjadi peningkatan Gain Skor.

PENGEMBANGAN KREATIVITAS DAN NILAI-NILAI WIRAUSAHA DI SISWA SEKOLAH TINGGI MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK PADA KONSEP BIOTEKNOLOGI Abstract This research focused on determining the influence of project-based learning model oriented to bioentrepreneurship for XII grade student’s creativity and entrepreneurial values on conventional biotechnology sub topic. This research used quasi experimental method and the posttest only control group design. The sample was XII science 2 as experimental class and XII science 1 as control class chosen by random sampling. The data collected by using creative thinking ability test, creative product valuation rubric, observation sheet and entrepreneurial values questionnaire. The hypothesis analysed by using t-test which obtained the significance of creative products was 0,000 < 0,05 and the creative thinking ability was 0,001 < 0,05, so it would be concluded that project-based learning model oriented to bioentrepreneurship effected on student creativity. As for the significance of entrepreneurial values from the observation sheet was 0,000 < 0,05 and the questionnaire was 0,019 < 0,05, so it would be concluded that project-based learning model oriented to bioentrepreneurship effected on student’s entrepreneurial values. Correlation analysis concluded that there was a correlation between them, with the value of correlation coefficient was 0,195. The result of linear regression test showed that creativity contributed about 3% to student’s entrepreneurial values. Abstrak Penelitian ini berfokus pada menentukan pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang berorientasi pada bioentrepreneurship untuk kreativitas dan nilai-nilai kewirausahaan siswa kelas XII pada sub topik bioteknologi konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dan desain kelompok kontrol posttest. Sampel adalah XII sains 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XII sains 1 sebagai kelas kontrol yang dipilih secara acak. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif, rubrik penilaian produk kreatif, lembar observasi dan kuesioner nilai kewirausahaan. Hipotesis dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t yang diperoleh signifikansi produk kreatif adalah 0,000