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Çalışmada Mo folyolar ve cam üzerine DC saçtırma yöntemiyle kaplanmış Mo ince filmler üzerine aynı anda termal buharlaştırma metoduyla CIGS yarıiletken malzemesi biriktirilmiştir. İki grup Mo alt katmanların AFM cihazı ile topoğrafyaları ve ortalama yüzey pürüzlülükleri elde edilmiştir. CIGS ince filmlerin kalınlıkları SEM cihazı ile kesit görüntüleri alınarak, 1,122 µm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Numunelerin XRD ölçümleri alınarak yapısal farklılıkları belirlenmiştir. Mo folyo ve ince film alt katmanı üzerine biriktirilen CIGS ince filmlerin yüzeyinden 5000, 10000, 25000 ve 50000 büyütmelerde SEM görüntüleri alınmıştır. Elde edilen SEM görüntülerinin GLCM metodu ile Haralick doku özellikleri incelenmiş, elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilerek alt katman Mo topoğrafyasının CIGS ince filmlerin morfolojisi üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Hesaplanan Haralick doku özelliklerinin görece geniş alanlardan daha küçük alanlara doğru değişimleri değerlendirilmiştir. A grubu numunelerden elde edilen görüntülerde enerji değerinin 0,21 ile 0,54 arasında, karşıtlık değerinin 0,15 ile 0,35 arasında, korelasyon değerinin 0,66 ile 0,65 arasında ve homojenite değerinin 0,82 ile 0,92 arasında değiştikleri tespit edilmiştir. B grubunda aynı doku özelliklerinin farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür. Alttaş farklılığının yapı ve morfoloji üzerine etkisi, SEM görüntülerinin doku özellikleri farklılıkları ile açıklanmıştır.

INTRODUCTION: Nucleated red blood cells and immature granulocytes are not normally detected in the blood of healthy adults. We aimed to investigate the effect of nucleated red blood cells and immature granulocytes on mortality in order to identify critically ill patients who were admitted to the emergency department, at high risk of death, and who was not traumatic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed retrospectively in the emergency department of a tertiary education and research hospital between January 2021 and June 2021. All patients who died out of trauma and patients who were discharged from the emergency department on the same day were included. Nucleated red blood cells and immature granulocytes parameters were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome was all-cause death in the emergency department. RESULTS: Of the 188 patients included in the study, 129 (68.6%) were male. Nucleated red blood cells (1.88 ± 6.9/μL; 0.02 ± 0.08), % immature granulocytes (2.91 ± 3.04/μL; 0.58 ± 1.63) and immature red blood cells in deceased patients' granulocyte count (0.38 ± 0.46/μL; 0.04 ± 0.04) was significantly more significant than the control group (p < 0.001). When the area under the curve was examined, the highest value was found in nucleated red blood cells (Area under the curve = 0.920, p < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, high nucleated red blood cells, immature granulocyte count, and white blood cell levels were associated with all-cause mortality in the emergency department. CONCLUSIONS: High nucleated red blood cells and immature granulocyte levels may be associated with increased mortality during admission to the emergency department.

Anesthesia management of pheochromocytoma excision surgery is associated with severe hemodynamic fluctuations. The objective of this study is to compare the number of hypertensive crisis requiring sodium nitroprusside (SNP) administration between the groups treated with magnesium (Mg)-dexmedetomidine (Dex) and conventional group in pheochromocytoma.This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent pheochromocytoma surgery between 2011 and 2020. Patients were examined into two groups: 1-Conventional group (GC) included patients who were operated between 2011 and 2015 under standard anesthesia care and who did not receive perioperative additional medication. 2- Mg-Dex therapy group (GMD) comprised the patients who were operated between 2015 and 2020 and who had received 300 mg Mg per oral daily 1 week before the surgery and Mg-Dex infusion intraoperatively. Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and SNP requirement were recorded throughout surgery as well as demographics and operative data. Hypertensive crisis was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)180 mmHg, and tachycardia was defined as HR110 bpm.A total of 78 patients' data were analyzed from 108 patients' documentary. (38 in GC, 40 in GMD) SNP requirement was significantly higher in GC (39.5%) comparing GMD (7.5%) (p=0.001). SBPs during tumor manipulation period were statistically higher in GC than in GMD at 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, and 35th min. HR values were significantly higher in GC compared to GMD at 10th and 15th min of tumor manipulation period (p0.05).Combination of Mg-Dex seems to be an alternative therapy for reducing vasodilator requirement in perioperative management of pheochromocytoma.

BACKGROUND: High intraoperative PEEP with recruitment manoeuvres may improve perioperative outcomes. We re-examined this question by conducting a patient-level meta-analysis of three clinical trials in adult patients at increased risk for postoperative pulmonary complications who underwent non-cardiothoracic and non-neurological surgery. METHODS: The three trials enrolled patients at 128 hospitals in 24 countries from February 2011 to February 2018. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with low tidal volume. Analyses were performed using one-stage, two-level, mixed modelling (site as a random effect; trial as a fixed effect). The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications within the first week, analysed using mixed-effect logistic regression. Pre-specified subgroup analyses of nine patient characteristics and seven procedure and care-delivery characteristics were also performed. RESULTS: Complete datasets were available for 1913 participants ventilated with high PEEP and recruitment manoeuvres, compared with 1924 participants who received low PEEP. The primary outcome occurred in 562/1913 (29.4%) participants randomised to high PEEP, compared with 620/1924 (32.2%) participants randomised to low PEEP (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.87; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.75-1.01; P=0.06). Higher PEEP resulted in 87/1913 (4.5%) participants requiring interventions for desaturation, compared with 216/1924 (11.2%) participants randomised to low PEEP (OR=0.34; 95% CI, 0.26-0.45). Intraoperative hypotension was associated more frequently (784/1913 [41.0%]) with high PEEP, compared with low PEEP (579/1924 [30.1%]; OR=1.87; 95% CI, 1.60-2.17). CONCLUSIONS: High PEEP combined with recruitment manoeuvres during low tidal volume ventilation in patients undergoing major surgery did not reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03937375 (Clinicaltrials.gov).

Living donor liver transplantation may complement cadaveric transplantation in acute liver failure (ALF) patients. Between 2008 and 2017, 89 patients were treated for ALF; 15 patients (17%) recovered with intensive care treatment; 31 (35%) died without transplant. The records of the remaining 43 patients (median (range) age: 14 (1–62)) who underwent transplantation were evaluated. The etiologic factors were toxic agents (10; mushrooms: 8; herbs: 2), hepatitis viruses (7; A: 1; B: 6), Wilson’s disease (7), autoimmune hepatitis (4), and Budd-Chiari syndrome (2); 13 cases were idiopathic. Cadaveric organs (whole, split, reduced) were transplanted to 32 patients; 11 patients underwent living donor transplantation. One patient (2%) died of septic shock on the second postoperative day. Bacterial infection was the most common early (< 3 months) complication in the remaining patients (31/42; 74%), followed by delirium (5/42; 12%) and acute rejection requiring steroid pulse (5/42; 12%). Seven other patients died during median (range) follow-up of 94 (14–142) months: various infections (5), leukemia (1), and acute myocardial infarction (1). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 100%, 96%, and 92% in children and 94%, 82%, and 65% in adults respectively. Cadaveric organ sharing and transplantation from living donors when appropriate yield a high survival rate, despite high early morbidity, in ALF patients whose conditions deteriorate despite intensive care treatment. Efforts to eliminate preventable causes of acute liver failure will lead to more efficient use of health care resources.

In this study, Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) infection was searched serologically and pathologically in cattle (178 Holstein), sheep (160 native), goats (66 ordinary goats, 98 Honamli goats, 16 Saanen goats) with an abortion history and in unborn cattle (8), sheep (24) and goat (5) fetus. Samples were collected between July 2009 and September 2010. As a result of studying specific antibodies to RVFV by using the c-ELISA method in blood serum samples collected from cattle, sheep and goats suffering abortion, seropositivity was identified in 7 cattle (7/178; 3.93%), 4 sheep (4/160;2.50%) and 18 goats (18/180;10.0%). 18 seropositive goats were distributed according to race as 13 ordinary goats (19.70%), 2 Honamli goats (2.04%) and 3 Saanen goats (18.75%). When liver, spleen and brain samples of the unborn fetus of cattle, sheep and goats were studied histopathologically, no pathological findings on RVFV disease were obtained. Consequently, in this study, where RVFV infection in cattle, sheep and goats raised in Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey was serologically revealed, it was concluded that RVFV did not take place in the aetiology of abortion cases in relevant species.

Yapılan çalışmada, kadmiyum sülfür (CdS) n-tipi yarı iletken malzemesi ultrasonik sprey piroliz (USP) sistemi ile cam alttaşlar üzerine üretilmiştir. Filmlerin kaplama işlemi sırasında alttaş sıcaklığı 100 – 350 °C arasında kademeli olarak arttırılarak üretim gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretim sonrasında, CdS ince filmlerden bir grup numune atmosferde 380 °C sıcaklıkta tavlanmıştır. Üretilen ve tavlanan CdS ince filmlerin; kristal yapılar geliş açısına bağlı olarak Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction X ışını kırınımı (GIXRD) yöntemi, yüzey yapıları ve morfolojileri taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve atomik kuvvet mikroskobu (AFM) sistemleri, yapıda bulunan elementlerin oranları enerji dağılımlı spektrometre (EDS) sistemi ve optik özellikleri ultra-viyole görünür bölge spektrometresi (Uv-Vis) ölçümleri ile belirlenmiştir. Bu ölçüm sonuçlarına göre; CdS ince filmlerin zamanla değişen alttaş sıcaklığında üretilebileceği, film yüzeylerinin oldukça homojen şekilde oluştuğu, her bir ölçüm yöntemi ile elde edilen sonuçların birbirini desteklediği ve bu sonuçların literatürle de uyumlu oldukları görülmüştür. Yarıiletken aygıtlarda tampon katmanı olarak kullanılan CdS üretilirken piroliz işlemi sırasında uygulanan yüksek sıcaklıktan kaynaklanan diğer katmanların oksitlenmesini önleyecek bir üretim stratejisi olduğu da görülmüştür.

Early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, which have high mortality rates all over the world, can save many lives. Various clinical findings and past histories of patients play an important role in diagnosing these diseases. These days, the prediction of cardiovascular diseases has gained great importance in the medical field. Pathological studies are prone to misinterpretation because too many findings are studied. For this reason, many automatic models that work with machine learning methods on patients' findings have been proposed. In this study, a model that predicts twelve myocardial infarction complications based on clinical findings is proposed. The proposed model is a deep learning model with three hidden layers with dropouts and a skip connection. A binary accuracy metric is used for measuring the performance of the proposed method. Rectified Linear Unit is set to the hidden layers and sigmoid function to the output layer as an activation function. Experiments were performed on a real dataset with 1700 patient records and carried out on two main scenarios; training on original data and training on augmented data with 100 epochs. As a result of the experiments, a total accuracy rate of 92% was achieved which is the best accuracy rate that has been proposed on this dataset.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, tavşanlarda kollajenaz (Kollajenaz Tip I) ile oluşturulmuş aşil tendinopatilerinde trombositten zengin plazma (PRP) ve MPA (metilprednizolon asetat) enjeksiyonlarının terapötik etkilerini histopatolojik olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Aşil tendinopatisi, 23 tavşanın sağ ve sol aşil tendonlarının proksimal ve distal bölgelerine intratendinöz tip I kollajenaz enjeksiyonu ile oluşturuldu. Kolajenaz enjeksiyonundan bir hafta sonra, sağ aşil tendonları- nın distaline PRP ve sol aşil tendonlarının distaline MPA enjekte edildi. Tüm aşil tendonlarının proksimal kısımlarına %0,9 serum fizyolojik enjekte edildi. Tavşanlar, terapötik enjeksiyonlardan 3, 6 ve 8 hafta sonunda ötenazi edildi. Tendonların histolojik dejenerasyon derecesi Modifiye Movin skorlamasına göre yapıldı. Bulgular: Tedavi grupları ile % 0,9’luk serum fizyolojik enjekte edilen grup arasında incelenen tüm dönemlerde istatistiksel açıdan önemli farklılıklar tespit (p, Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate histopathologically the therapeutic effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and MPA (methylprednisolone acetate) injections in rabbits achill tendinopathies induced by collagenase (Collagenase Type I) Materials and Methods: Achilles tendinopathy was formed with intrathendinous injections of type I collagenase into the proximal and distal regions of the right and left achilles tendons of 23 rabbits. PRP was injected distal to the right Achilles tendons and MPA to the distal of the left Achilles tendons. A 0,9% saline solution was also injected into the proximal parts of all achilles tendons. Rabbits were euthanized 3, 6, and 8 weeks after the therapeutic injections. The degree of histopathological degeneration of the tendons was made according to the Modified Movin scoring. Results: Statistically significant differences were detected between the treatment groups and the 0.9% saline injected group (p0.05) without tenocyte nuclei (p

© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Glass/Mo/CIGS/Yb Schottky photodiodes were fabricated by the physical vapor deposition method. The structural and morphological characterization of the CIGS layer on Mo was carried out. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were investigated in the dark, under solar light, and infrared. The diodes' ideality factor and zero bias barrier height were calculated as 1.55 and 0.84 eV in the dark, respectively. When the time-dependent current plots are examined, it is seen that the rise and decay times are lower for solar light than infrared. As the intensity of solar light increases, the rise and decay times decrease. The responsivity value for 100 mW/cm2 solar light was found to be 8.5 mA/W and the detectivity value was 1.7 × 107 Jones. For infrared light, the same parameters were calculated as 3.4 mA/W and 7.1 × 106 Jones. Furthermore, capacitance-voltage and conductance-voltage characteristics were evaluated for different frequencies.

In this study, Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 (CIGS) thin film was deposited on molybdenum (Mo) coated glass substrate by thermal co-evaporation technique and depth profile crystal orientation of the this film was examined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) method. The crystal structure of the CIGS thin film was determined within 20° to 80° (2θ) scanning range at 0.5° to 15° incidence angle of X-ray. Cross section images were investigated by scanning electron microscope measurements and these measurements showed that bilayer Mo thickness and CIGS thickness are approximately 480 nm and 2 µm, respectively. The surface roughness of films investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and average roughness Ra was found 11.07 nm. According to GIXRD measurements; the interdiffusion of the constituent elements and their effect on the crystal structure were defined both electromagnetic field penetration (skin depth) and mass attenuation viewpoints, and also these results were supported by energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements. As a result, it was seen that the GIXRD method can be used with ease to define the crystal phase homogeneity and depth profile characterization of thin film volume applying skin depth theory.

In this study, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films with high transparency were fabricated by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique, successfully. The analyses of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used for the structural and morphological characterization of the thin films. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the films were polycrystalline and grow along to preferred orientation of (200). The band gap value of 3.16 eV was obtained from UV-Vis measurements. The resistivity of the thin films was found to be as 1.35×10 -3 W -cm.

Bu çalışmada yüksek şeffaflığasahip Flor katkılı Kalay Oksit ince filmleri ultrasonik sprey piroliz tekniğiile başarılı bir şekilde üretilmiştir. İnce filmlerin yapısal ve morfolojikkarakterizasyonu için X-ışını kırınımı, taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve atomikkuvvet mikroskobu analizleri yapılmıştır. X-ışını kırınımı desenleri göstermiştirki filmler polikristal haldedir ve (200) tercihli yönelimi boyuncabüyümüşlerdir. 3,16 eV’luk bir band aralığı UV-Vis ölçümlerinden eldeedilmiştir. İnce filmlerin öz direnci 1,35×10-3W-cmolarak bulunmuştur., In this study, Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) thin films with hightransparency were fabricated by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique, successfully.The analyses of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomicforce microscopy were used for the structural and morphologicalcharacterization of the thin films. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that thefilms were polycrystalline and grow along to preferred orientation of (200).The band gap value of 3.16 eV was obtained from UV-Vis measurements. Theresistivity of the thin films was found to be as 1.35×10-3W-cm.