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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent but easily undiagnosed and is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, it remains unclear how OSA is linked to cognitive impairment. In the present study, we found the correlation between morphological changes of perivascular spaces (PVSs) and cognitive impairment in OSA patients. Moreover, we developed a novel set of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) methods to evaluate the fluid dynamics of glymphatic drainage system. We found that the inflow and outflow parameters of the glymphatic drainage system in patients with OSA were obviously changed, indicating impairment of glymphatic drainage due to excessive perfusion accompanied with deficient drainage in OSA patients. Moreover, parameters of the outflow were associated with the degree of cognitive impairment, as well as the hypoxia level. In addition, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) enhances performance of the glymphatic drainage system after 1 month treatment in OSA patients. We proposed that ventilation improvement might be a new strategy to ameliorate the impaired drainage of glymphatic drainage system due to OSA-induced chronic intermittent hypoxia, and consequently improved the cognitive decline.

The management of nursing scheduling in healthcare facilities have faced new challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence technology, data-driven intelligent medical services are what we need to study nowadays. This paper not only proposes reasonable solutions in areas such as refined nursing scheduling by using these scientific technologies to quickly realize the allocation of human resources in hospitals. It also accelerates the development of hospital informatization construction through computer technology, establishing a scientific and intelligent medical platform that meets the needs of users. Aiming at the problem of nursing scheduling in medical service data research, this paper proposes a complete plan by analyzing the development of the medical platform at this stage. Firstly, established an intelligent medical service platform, and studied the medical management from the perspective of data. Then, analyze the intelligent medical platform data by utilizing optimized algorithms, through reasonable analysis under various constraints, to get the basic nursing scheduling plan that meets the needs of medical institutions. Finally, considering the actual situation of emergency medical treatment, the decision classification model is introduced under the basic scheme to further screen out the optimal management scheme of modern medical treatment.

The preserved Pd ions as γ and β sites related with Al at T1–T2 sites corresponded to the stabilized NOx storage capability and rendered a suitable desorption temperature.

The W-modified V–W/Ce/Ti-x% catalysts are prepared to investigate their selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity. The V–W/Ce/Ti-5% with 5% WO3 loading shows superior NH3-SCR activity and higher ammonium bisulfate (ABS) resistance at 280 °C. The 5% WO3 doping can induce the isolated tetrahedrally coordinated vanadium species to transform into the oligomeric ones and strongly combine with neighboring V and Ce via synergetic interaction (V4+ + Ce4+ ↔ V5+ + Ce3+ and W5+ + Ce4+ ↔ W6+ + Ce3+), which favors the electron conduction among these active sites and significantly enhances the NOx conversion rate. Moreover, WO3 doping suppresses the formation of ABS and metal sulfate species over active sites by lowering the alkalinity of V–W/Ce/Ti-5%. The synergetic interaction through electron transfer can lower the thermal stability of ABS species and cause the NH3-SCR reaction between NO + O2 and ABS to completely prohibit the formation of ABS because of the faster de-NOx conversion rate with 5% WO3 loading.

The promotion of Ce-doped V/WTi for NH3-SCR performance and ammonium bisulfate (ABS) resistance is fully illustrated. The V2O5/CeO2/WTi-2 presents an excellent NOx conversion at 280 °C in the presence of 1000 ppm SO2.The introduction of ceria contributes to the vanadia species agglomeration into the oligomeric V-O-V structures and tight connects with the adjacent vanadium species to form the redox structure of Ce4+-O-Ce3+-O-V5+-O-V5+-O-Ce3+-O-Ce4+, which facilitates the electronic conduction between ceria and vanadia species. The electronic interaction via the redox structure promotes the activation of ammonia adsorbed on vanadia and nitrate species on ceria, which lowers the apparent activation energies (Ea) and significantly improves the NOx conversion rate. The addition of ceria protects active V sites poisoning and improves the stability of the adsorbed NOx species, which prevents VOSO4 formation and competitively inhibits the adsorption of SO2 with less metal sulfate formation on ceria. In addition, the electrons donating from vanadia to ceria species via the redox structure could make ceria species existing in electron enrichment state and boost the electrons around ceria deviating towards sulfates and strengthen the bonding between ceria and as-formed ABS species, which weakens the stability of ABS and promotes to initiate NH3-SCR reaction between the NH4+ species of ABS and NO+O2. The faster NH3-SCR conversion rate promoted by the redox structure further suppresses the competitive reaction between sulfate and ammonia species, which results in no ABS formation over V/Ce/WTi-2.

The effect of synthesis methods on the activity of V/Ce/WTi catalysts was investigated for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO x by NH 3 . V/Ce/WTi-DP (deposition precipitation) catalyst showed excellent NH 3 -SCR performance, especially the better medium-temperature activity and the less N 2 O formation than V/Ce/WTi-IMP (impregnation). These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brumauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR), and in situ DRIFTS techniques. The XPS and H 2 -TPR results revealed that V/Ce/WTi-DP exhibited more surface Ce species, higher level of O α and higher reducibility of Ce species. Reflected by in situ DRIFTS results, the deposition precipitation method (DP) contributed to a greater amount of weakly adsorbed NO 2 , monodentate nitrate and NH 3 species with better reactive activity. Meanwhile, the cis-N 2 O 2 2– species, an intermediate for N 2 O formation, was very limited. As a result, these advantages brought about the superior SCR activity and N 2 selectivity for V/Ce/WTi-DP.

In this study, the mechanism of ammonium bisulfate (ABS) formation and decomposition over V/WTi for the NH

Encapsulated platinum in the form of core–shell Pt@SiO 2 prepared by reverse microemulsion, can be rendered catalytically active for the low-temperature water-gas shift (WGS) reaction by the addition of alkali ions during the synthesis steps or by impregnation of the dried (uncalcined) core–shell materials. We report that positively charged platinum species, embedded throughout the silica shell and stabilized by the alkali ions are the active sites for the WGS reaction. Water dissociation and hydroxyl regeneration take place on the Na-promoted Pt–O x sites. It is shown by cyclic CO-TPR experiments with intermittent ambient rehydration that the activity remains constant, and the onset temperature of the reaction is the same, ∼150 °C, with cycling. The apparent activation energies for the WGS reaction in realistic fuel gas mixtures over the various encapsulated Pt-based catalysts evaluated here and those on other supports are all in the same range, 70 ± 5 kJ/mol. Hence any difference in the reaction rates between the open- and encapsulated-Pt catalysts is attributed to their different number of active sites accessible to the reactants. The Pt-Na@SiO 2 catalyst structures show remarkable stability with time-on-stream at 350 °C.

Formaldehyde is emitted from building and furnishing materials and consumer products, and is known to cause irritation of eyes and respiratory tract, headache, pneumonia, and even cancer. It is a dominant indoor air pollutant, especially in developing countries, and significant efforts have gone into indoor HCHO purification to meet environmental regulations and human health needs. Removal of HCHO by adsorbents has been investigated extensively using potassium permanganate, activated carbon, aluminum oxide, and some ceramic materials. Sorbent effectiveness is typically limited by low adsorption capacities. Catalytic oxidation is the most effective technology for volatile organic compound (VOC) abatement because VOCs can be oxidized to CO2 over certain catalysts at much lower temperatures than in thermal oxidation. Supported noble metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au, Ag) or metal oxide catalysts (Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn) have been used for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs. Complete oxidation of HCHO over catalysts occurs above 150 8C on clean and oxidized films of Ni, Pd, and Al and over silver–cerium composite oxide, above 100 8C over Ag/MnOx-CeO2 [18] and Au/CeO2, [19] and above 85 8C over Pd-Mn/Al2O3 [17] and Au/FeOx. As catalytic oxidation at even lower temperatures is desirable for indoor air purification, the development of a catalyst for total HCHOoxidation at room temperature is of great interest. In our recent study, 1% Pt/TiO2 catalyst was shown to be effective for HCHO oxidation at room temperature, achieving 100% conversion of d= 100 ppm HCHO to CO2 and H2O at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 50000 h . However, we also observed that this type catalyst is not as active as needed for practical applications, and deactivates with time-on-stream. Herein, we report a novel alkali-metal-promoted Pt/TiO2 catalyst for the ambient destruction of HCHO. We show that the addition of alkali-metal ions (such as Li, Na, and K) to Pt/TiO2 catalyst stabilized an atomically dispersed PtO(OH)x–alkali-metal species on the catalyst surface and also opened a new low-temperature reaction pathway, significantly promoting the activity for the HCHO oxidation by activating H2O and catalyzing the facile reaction between surface OH and formate species to total oxidation products. Figure 1a shows the HCHO conversion to CO2 as a function of temperature over the x% Na-1% Pt/TiO2 (x= 0, 1, and 2) samples at a GHSVof 120000 h 1 andHCHO inlet of d= 600 ppm. All gas streams were humidified to a RH of around 50%. Before each activity test, the samples were reduced in H2 at 300 8C for 30 min. The sodium-free catalyst had low activity for the HCHO oxidation reaction, with HCHO conversion being only about 19% at 15 8C. With 1% Na addition, the HCHO conversion reached 96% at 15 8C and 100% at 40 8C. With 2% Na addition, 100% HCHO conversion to CO2 and H2O was measured at 15 8C. The effect of Na addition on the surface reducibility was examined by H2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR; Figure 1b). The amounts of H2 consumption were about the same over all the samples, but the addition of Na shifted the reduction peak to lower temperatures, that is, from 2 8C for 1% Pt/TiO2 to 6 8C for 1% Na-1% Pt/TiO2 and 11 8C for 2% Na-1% Pt/ TiO2. Thus, the sample reducibility correlates with the sample activity. The most active 2% Na-promoted sample had excellent stability as checked by long isothermal tests. For example, at a GHSV of 300000 h 1 and with the same other reaction conditions, approximately 80% HCHO conversion was maintained over a 72 h-long test (Figure 1a, inset). Li and K were equally effective promoters to Na and imparted the same high activity and stability to the Pt species (Supporting Information, Figure S1). Water vapor and oxygen effects on the activity of Na-Pt/TiO2 are important (Supporting Information, Figures S2,S3). Deionized-water washing of the samples was performed to check the alkali-metal and Pt interaction.While most of the Na was removed from the Nacontaining catalysts, a residual amount remained (Supporting Information, Table S1). Activity test results (Supporting Information, Figure S1) showed that the washed catalyst had identical activity for HCHO [*] C. Zhang, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Prof. H. He Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuangqing Road 18, Beijing, 100085 (China) E-mail: honghe@rcees.ac.cn

To observe the efficacy of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor inhalation therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) patients and to improve the understanding of the therapy.The clinical data of a patient with autoimmune PAP treated with inhaled granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were described and the literatures were reviewed.This 70-year-old female patient was diagnosed with autoimmune PAP and had been treated with whole lung lavage for 10 times, but only achieved short-term symptomatic relief after each operation. Inhalation of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor was then used after the recurrence of PAP, and a significant improvement in oxygenation and clinical symptoms were abserved. The patient remained stable 4 month after the therapy.Treatment with inhalation of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor is safe, effective and economic for patients with PAP, and would be the first choice for the recurrence of autoimmune PAP after whole lung lavage.

Substituting Salt for Cerium Oxide The water-gas shift reaction converts carbon monoxide and water to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Catalysts that operate at lower temperatures will be useful in fuel cells. Nanoparticles of platinum adsorbed on reducible oxides, such as ceria, can stabilize catalytically active Ptoxygen species. Zhai et al. (p. 1633 ) now show that, when alkali atoms are added, atomically dispersed Pt can be an active catalyst for the water-gas shift reaction at ∼100°C, even on simple oxides such as alumina and silica.