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Two new isobenzofuranone derivatives (1 and 2) together with six known compounds (3–8) were isolated from the roots of Phlomis betonicoides, a highly sweet plant in China. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1–8 were tested for their anti-rotavirus activity. The results showed that compounds 1–8 exhibited potent anti-rotavirus activity with therapeutic index value 7.5–16.4.

Two new coumarins, 6-hydroxymethyl-3-prenyl-7-methoxycoumarin (1) and 6-hydroxyethyl-3-prenyl-7- methoxycoumarin (2), together with three known coumarins (3–5), were isolated from the roots and stems of Yunyan-300, a variety of Nicotiana tabacum L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity and their antioxidant activity. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 showed good anti-MRSA inhibitions with IZD of 12.2 ± 1.8 and 11.8 ± 1.5 mm, respectively, and antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.65 and 4.85 μg/mL, respectively.

Two new anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) xanthones, 4,7-dimethoxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1-methylxanthone (1) and 7-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-1-methylxanthone (2), were isolated from the whole plants of Comastoma pedunculatum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 showed high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 48.5 and 63.6%, respectively. These rates are higher than that of positive control.

Two new conjugated ketonic fatty acids, (10E,12E)-ethyl 9-oxo-octadeca-10,12-dienoate (1) and (14S)-(10E,12E)-methyl 14-hydroxy-9-oxo-octadeca-10,12-dienoate (2), were isolated from the leaves of Vernicia fordii collected from Hunan Province of China. Their structures were characterized by means of spectroscopic analyses. All of them were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines.

A new benzylated alkamide, N-(3-methoxybenzyl)hexadec-9Z-enamide (1), and a known analogue (2) were isolated from the roots of Lepidium meyenii. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. All the isolated alkamides were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines but found to be insignificant at concentrations up to 40 μM.

A new isoquinoline alkaloid(1) has been isolated from the whole plant of Thalictrum glandulosissimum by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, sephadex, MCI-gel resin, and RP-HPLC, and its structure was determined as 1-(6-hydroxy-7-methylisoquinolin-1-yl) ethantone by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. This compound was evaluated for anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) activity. The results showed that it had prominent anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 28.4%. This rate was closed to that of positive control.

This research was carried out to study the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Aspergillosis fumigatus from Euphorbia royleana. The endophytic fungus A. fumigatus was fermented by solid fermentation,and purified by various chromatographic methods after extraction. The structures of the compounds were identified by1 H-NMR,13 C-NMR and HSQC,HMBC spectra and physicchemical properties. Three compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 3-( 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-( 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2 H-pyran-2-one( 1),hydroxysydonic acid( 2) and 11-hydroxysydonic acid( 3). Compound 1 is a new compound.

A new isobenzoisofuran(1) has been isolated from the whole plant of Cassia pumila using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex, MCI-gel resin, and RP-HPLC, and its structure was determined as 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-furo[3,4-g]chromen-6(8H)-one. This compound was also evaluated for its antibacterial activity. The results showed that it had prominent antibacterial activity with MIC_(90) value of(45.2±4.2) μg·mL~(-1) for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strain. This value was closed to that of levofloxacin [with MIC_(90) value(48.5±4.3) μg·mL~(-1)].

A new flavone( 1) has been isolated from the whole plant of Cassia nomame by using various chromatographic techniques,including silica gel,Sephadex,MCI-gel resin,and RP-HPLC,and its structure was determined as 8,4'-dimethoxy-7-( 2-oxopropyl)-flavone based on spectroscopic data. The biological activity test showed that this compound displayed potent cytotoxicity against NB4,SH-SY5 Y,PC3,A549 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC

A new benzylated alkamide, N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-9Z-oleamide (1), along with two known ones (2 and 3) were isolated from the roots of Lepidium meyenii collected from Lijiang, Yunnan Province of China. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and the new compound further confirmed by a one-step synthesis. All the isolated alkamides were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines. However, no significant activities were detected at concentrations up to 40 μM.

A new isobenzofuranone derivative was isolated from Chaenomeles sinensis by using various chromatographic techniques,including silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI-gel resin and RP-HPLC. This compound was determined as 2,2-dimethyl-5-( 2-oxopropyl)-2 H-furo[3,4-h]chromen-7( 9 H)-one( 1) by NMR,MS,IR and UV spectra,and was also evaluated for its antibacterial activity. The results showed that it showed prominent antibacterial activity with MIC90 value of( 53. 7±4. 5) mg·L-1 for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus( MRSA) strain. This value is close to that of levofloxacin [with MIC90 value( 50. 2± 4. 2) mg·L-1].

Three new pyrrole alkaloids macapyrrolins A–C (1–3) were isolated from the roots of Lepidium meyenii collected from Lijiang, Yunnan province in China. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Interestingly, macapyrrolins A–C represent the first examples of pyrrole alkaloids found in Lepidium meyenii with a benzyl substituent attached to the pyrrole nucleus. All the isolated macapyrrolins were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines. However, no significant activities were detected at concentrations up to 40 μM.

Two new alkaloids, 3-(hydroxymethyl)-6,9-dimethyl-7H-benzo[de]quinolin-7-one (1) and 3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-methoxy-6,9-dimethyl-7H-benzo[de]quinolin-7-one (2), together with two known alkaloids (3 and 4) were isolated from the seeds of Cassia alata. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1–4 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results revealed that compounds 1–4 have potential anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 29.2, 38.5, 24.2, and 28.8% at the concentration of 20 μM, respectively. The inhibition rates of 1 and 2 are higher than that of the postive control.

Two new anthraquinones, alataquinones A and B (1 and 2), together with two known anthraquinones (3 and 4), were isolated from the barks of Cassia alata. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1–4 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that compounds 1–4 exhibited moderate anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates in the range of 22.8–26.4%.

Two new isoquinoline alkaloids, fistulaquinolines A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the barks of Cassia fistula. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that the two compounds showed weak anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 18.9 and 22.6%.

Two new chromones, fistulachromones A and B (1 and 2), together with three known chromones (3–5), were isolated from the twigs of Cassia fistula. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities. Compounds 1 and 2 showed high anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates of 27.5 and 30.8%, respectively. These rates are close to that of positive control.

Two new chalcones, podocarchalcones A and B (1 and 2), together with five known chalcones (3–7), were isolated from the whole plants of Desmodium podocarpum. All of their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 1–7 were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity, and they exhibited activity with inhibition rates in the range of 15.2–22.4%, respectively.

A new benzylated alkamide

Two new flavones, 6,4′-dimethoxy-8-formylflavone (1) and 6,7-dimethoxy-8-acetyl-4′-hydroxyflavone (2), together with five known flavones (3–7), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Hypericum chinense. The structure of 1–7 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that compound 1 shows high anti-TMV activity with an inhibition rate of 31.4%, which is close to that of the positive control.

Two new phenolic compounds, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (1) and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (2), together with six known phenols (3–8), were isolated from the stems of Cassia siamea. The structure of 1–8 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1–8 were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 have potential anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 28.2 and 23.5%, respectively. Compounds 3–8 also showed anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates in the range of 11.6–19.8%.

Three new chromones, 5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one ( 1 ), 5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-8-(2-oxopropyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one ( 2 ), and 1-(3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2 H -chromen-7-yl)propan-2-one ( 3 ), together with four known chromones ( 4 – 7 ) were isolated from the stems of Cassia fistula . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1 – 5 were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities. The results showed that compound 5 exhibited high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rate of 30.8% at a concentration of 20 μM. The other compounds also exhibited potential anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates in the range of 15.6–22.1% at the same concentration.

Two new anthraquinones, siameaquinones A (1) and B (2), together with seven known anthraquinones (3–9), were isolated from the stems of Cassia siamea. The structure of 1–9 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were also evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human tumor cell lines. The results revealed that compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicities against A549 and SHSY5Y cells with IC50 values of 5.2 and 6.3 μM, and compound 2 showed moderate cytotoxicities against NB4 and SHSY5Y cells with IC50 values of 8.8 and 7.5 μM, respectively.

(+)-Meyeniins A–C (1–3), a novel class of sulfur-containing hexahydroimidazo[1,5-c]thiazole derivatives, were isolated from the tubers of Lepidium meyenii (maca) cultivated in Lijiang, Yunnan province, China. Guided by their biosynthetic hypothesis, a stereocontrolled biomimetic synthesis of meyeniins A–C and their individual enantiomers was efficiently accomplished by a combination of a condensation reaction and Edman degradation. The formation of high-quality crystals for X-ray crystallography occurred much more readily from a racemic mixture of (±)-meyeniin A than with the single enantiomer alone in this case. These extensive strategies, combined with circular dichroism (CD) spectra, allowed the complete structural assignments of (+)-meyeniins A–C. Among them, (+)-meyeniin A showed moderate selective cytotoxicities against the HL-60, A549 and MCF-7 human cell lines with IC50 values of 14.41, 32.22, and 33.14 μM, respectively. To some extent, these findings support traditional applications of maca as he...

Our previous studies show that adenosine-induced apoptosis is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 cells. In this study, we have investigated whether knockdown of GRP78 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increases the cytotoxic effects of adenosine in HepG2 cells. The adenovirus vector-delivered shRNA targeting GRP78 (Ad-shGRP78) was constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells. RT-PCR assay was used to determine RNA interference efficiency. Effects of knockdown of GRP78 on adenosine-induced cell viabilities, cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis, as well as relative protein expressions were determined by flow cytometry and/or Western blot analysis. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured by a fluorospectrophotometer. The results revealed that GRP78 mRNA was significantly downregulated by Ad-shGRP78 transfection. Knockdown of GRP78 enhanced HepG2 cell sensitivity to adenosine by modulating G0/G1 arrest and stimulating Bax, Bak, m-calpain, caspase-4 and CHOP protein levels. Knockdown of GRP78 worsened cytosolic Ca2+ overload and ΔΨm loss. Knockdown of caspase-4 by shRNA decreased caspase-3 mRNA expression and cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that GRP 78 plays a protective role in ER stress-induced apoptosis and show that the combination of chemotherapy drug and RNA interference adenoviruses provides a new treatment strategy against malignant tumors.

Collge of Resource and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi 653100, P.R. ChinaReceived June 3, 2013, Accepted August 9, 2013Two new diphenylethylenes, gramniphenols H and I ( 1 and 2), together with six known diphenylethylenes ( 3-8), were isolated from A rundina graminifolia . The structures of 1-8 were elucidated by spectroscopic methodsincluding extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their cytotoxicityagainst five human tumor cell lines. Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against PC3 cells with IC

Two new isoflavanones, (3R) 7,2',4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-5-methoxycarbonyl-isoflavanone (1) and (3R) 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy-5-methoxycarbonyl-isoflavanone (2), together with six known isoflavanones (3-8), were isolated from the stems of Cassia siamea. The structure of 1-8 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1, 2, 5-8 were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (Anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that compounds 1 and 6 showed potential anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 24.6% and 26.9%, respectively. Compounds 2, 5, 7, 8 also showed anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates in the range of 11.8-18.6%.

We have carried out the chemical investigation on the roots of Alangium chinense. The chemical constituents from the roots of A.chinense were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel, MCI-Gel resin, Sephadex LH-20 and high performance liquid chromatography. As a result, three alkaloids (1-3) were isolated from 90% EtOH extracts of the roots of this plant. Their structures were elucidated by physical-chemical properties and spectral data. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, determined as 8-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-6,9-dimethyl-7H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-7-one. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated by the MTT method. Compound 1 displayed cytotoxicity against NB4, A-549, SHSY5Y, PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 4.2, 3.5, 5.7, 2.8 and 3.9 μmol•L⁻¹, respectively.

A new furan-2-carboxylic acid, 5-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-3-methylfuran-2-carboxylic acid(1),has been isolated from the bark of Cassia alata by using various chromatographic techniques. It displayed cytotoxicity against NB4, A549, SHSY5Y, PC3 and MCF7 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 2.5, 1.2, 2.2, 3.6 and 1.9 μmol•L⁻¹, respectively.

A new phenylpropanoid (1), together with seven known ones (2-8), has been isolated from the flowers of Rosa rugosa collected from Shanxi province by using various chromatographic techniques. Compound 1 is a new compound, and it displayed cytotoxicity against NB4, SH-SY5Y, PC3, A549 and MCF7 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 8.2, 6.2, 4.3, 2.8, and 9.6 µmol · L⁻¹ respectively.

Oryzaeins A-D (1-4), four new isocoumarin derivatives, along with five known ones (5-9) were isolated from solid cultures of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with reported data of related derivatives. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 represent the first examples of isocoumarins possessing an unusual 2-oxopropyl group and a rare 3-hydroxypropyl group. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed moderate anti-tobacco mosaic virus activities with inhibition rates of 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively, at the concentration of 20 µM. The new compounds showed moderate inhibitory activities against several human tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 2.8-8.8 µM. Supporting information available online at http://www.thieme-connect.de/products.

A new isocoumarin, along with five known ones,were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolorby using various chromatographic techniques.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensivespectroscopic analysis, including 1D-and 2D-NMR techniques. Compound 1 was evaluated for cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines. The results showed that 1 exhibited weak cytotoxicityagainst NB4, SHSY5Y and MCF7 cells with IC₅₀ values of 6.8, 4.3,8.8 μmol•L⁻¹, respectively.

Apoptosis plays a critical role in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is one of the intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Previous studies have shown that adenosine induces apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored whether adenosine triggers apoptosis of EC109 esophageal carcinoma (EC) cells by ERS. The MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation; cell cycle detection (FCM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed to determine cell apoptosis. The subcellular distribution and expression of the ERS-related proteins GRP78, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-4, CHOP and NF-κB p65 were detected by western blot techniques. NF-κB activation was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The MTT assay demonstrated that adenosine inhibited EC109 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. FCM and TUNEL assay verified that adenosine caused an apoptotic peak in cell cycle arrest and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of GRP78, cleaved caspase-4, CHOP, NF-κB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner after adenosine treatment. EMSA revealed that adenosine activated NF-κB p65. This is the first demonstration that adenosine inhibits cell proliferation, increases GRP78 and NF-κB p65 expression and induces apoptosis by CHOP and caspase-4 pathways. The ERS pathway is involved in adenosine-induced apoptosis in EC109 cells.

Two new flavones, 5-hydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-7,4′-dimethoxy-flavone (1) and 6-hydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-7,4′-dimethoxy-flavone (2), together with six known flavones (3–8), were isolated from the bark of Lindera caudata. The structures of 1–8 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1–8 were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that Compounds 1 and 2 showed high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 31.2 and 28.8%, respectively. These values are close to those of positive control.

isolation, structure and cytotoxicity of oxyphyllumflavone A and B, the first naturally occurring flavones possessing a six-membered 6-methyl-α-pyrone ring

Three new isocoumarins, caudacoumarins A-C (I), are isolated along with two known ones from the bark of Lindera caudata.

Versicolactones A-D (1-4), four new butyrolactones, along with four known butyrolactones (5-8) were isolated from the fermentation products of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. The structures of compounds 1-4, including absolute configuration, were elucidated by interpretation of the NMR and CD data. Compound 2 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In particular, compound 1 is the first naturally occurring butyrolactone possessing an unusual 2-oxopropyl group. More importantly, compounds 1 and 8 displayed significant antitobacco mosaic virus activities with inhibition rates of 46.4 % and 35.4 %, even more potent than the positive control ningnanmycin (30.8 %). Compound 1 also showed moderate cytotoxicity against A549 and MCF7 cells with IC50 values of 3.2 and 2.5 µM, respectively.

Three new biphenyls were isolated from Garcinia multiflora. The structures of these biphenyls were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and their rotavirus activity was evaluated.

Three new chalcones were isolated from Desmodium oxyphyllum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic ressonance techniques. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines (NB4, A549, SHSY5Y, PC3, and MCF7). The results showed that the compounds exhibited weak cytotoxicity against some selected cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.6 to 8.9 μM.

A new isoindole alkaloid (1), has been isolated from the leaves of Cassia siamea by using various chromatographic techniques. Compound 1 is a new compound, determined as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-6-prenylisoindolin-1-one, and it displayed cytotoxicity against NB4, A549, SHSY5Y, PC3 and MCF7 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 3.2,4.6,2.8,6.4, 2.5 μmol•L⁻¹, respectively.

Two new diphenylethylenes gramniphenols H (Ia) and I (Ib) are isolated from the whole plant of Arundina graminifolia.

Two new isoflavanone derivatives (I) and (II) are isolated together with six already known isoflavanones.