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In order to reduce the influence of the coupling characteristics between the aircraft and engine of hypersonic vehicle, an integrated aircraft-engine control method of hypersonic vehicle is studied in this paper. Firstly, the control-oriented aircraft-engine integrated mathematical model of the hypersonic vehicle is established. Then, by using the nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) and the incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI), the outer loop control algorithm with slow attitude change and the inner loop control algorithm with fast angular rate change are respectively designed. Moreover, based on the online ontology model including aircraft-engine coupling characteristics of the hypersonic vehicle, the coupling control scheme of flight posture and engine of the hypersonic vehicle is designed in the form of control linkage. Finally, the reference model, error control, online estimation and other modules are introduced into the NDI controller to ensure the flight quality and robustness requirements of the hypersonic vehicle. The simulation results show that the aircraft-engine coupling control scheme based on the NDI achieves the expected control performance.

Germany’s “Industry 4.0” strategy is a technological revolution that accelerates full penetration into industrial fields such as manufacturing, mainly based on the Internet of Things and the rapidly developing new generation of Internet technology as a carrier. This paper examines the implementation of Germany’s “Industry 4.0” strategy, focusing on R&D expenditures, capacity utilization rates, and CNC rates of key processes in the manufacturing industry. It also lays the groundwork for Germany’s economic development and the effects of industrial restructuring. We construct a regression model to analyze the impact of “Industry 4.0” on the German economy, using economic growth as a measure of economic development. We use the automobile industry as a representative to study the industrial restructuring and upgrading of Germany under the “Industry 4.0” strategy. The results demonstrate a positive correlation between the estimated coefficients of economic growth variables in each year from 2020 to 2022 and the industry’s value-added, passing the significance test at the 0.05 level. In the industrial restructuring, Germany’s automobile industry has realized the transformation from traditional manufacturing mode to intelligent manufacturing mode, and the 1387.2 billion euros of Volkswagen’s R&D investment also shows that Germany is still pursuing the technological upgrading of the industry.

Emotional attributes are crucial in music performance, serving a pivotal role in guiding interpretation and execution. This study employs a Wavenet layer within a Waveform-Deep Neural Network (WLDNN) to extract emotional features from musical performances. An activation function is then applied to process and refine these features. Additionally, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is utilized to identify and remove irrelevant features, thereby enhancing the quality of the emotional attributes extracted. The evaluation of these emotional features employs both music emotion language values and an emotion vector model. Our analysis demonstrates that this methodology achieves a 90% accuracy rate in identifying and extracting emotional features from music performances. Based on these findings, a stage lighting control system was developed, tailored to respond to the emotional cues within the music. The system was tested across ten different performances with a sampling frequency of 5 seconds, achieving an average synchronization rate of 94.01% with the emotional content of the music. This approach not only proves effective for stage lighting design but also offers valuable insights for enhancing the emotional expressiveness of musical performances.

It is a prerequisite for resource characteristics analysis and scheduling optimization research to screen out the representative typical scenarios of wind-solar-hydropower integrated generation systems. Due to the influence of the “dimension effect”， traditional clustering algorithms cannot be directly applied to high-dimensional data clustering， and the existing technical route based on “dimension reduction before clustering” cannot guarantee that low-dimensional features after dimensionality reduction are suitable for clustering tasks， resulting in unstable clustering results. In view of the existing problems， this paper proposes a method for extracting typical output scenarios of wind-solar-hydropower based on DEC （deep embedding clustering）. The method can realize high-dimensional output data clustering and avoid that low-dimensional features after dimensionality reduction are not suitable for clustering tasks. First， with the help of the nonlinear representation ability of the stacked autoencoder， the high-dimensional wind-solar-hydropower combined output data is deeply represented to achieve data dimensionality reduction. Then， the K-means clustering method is used to cluster the deep low-dimensional features， and the stacked encoder is optimized and adjusted at the same time in the clustering process to obtain the low-dimensional wind-solar-hydropower combined output feature suitable for the clustering space. Moreover， the precise division of wind-solar-hydropower combined output scenarios is realized. Finally， the DEC is performed on the wind-solar-hydropower output data of a region in south China. The PCA-K-means algorithm is used to set up a comparison example to verify the effectiveness of the DEC in selecting typical combined output scenarios of wind-solar-hydropower generation.

Diatoms are ancestrally photosynthetic microalgae. However, some underwent a major evolutionary transition, losing photosynthesis to become obligate heterotrophs. The molecular and physiological basis for this transition is unclear. Here, we isolate and characterize new strains of non-photosynthetic diatoms from the coastal waters of Singapore. These diatoms occupy diverse ecological niches and display glucose-mediated catabolite repression, a classical feature of bacterial and fungal heterotrophs. Live-cell imaging reveals deposition of secreted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Diatoms moving on pre-existing EPS trails (runners) move faster than those laying new trails (blazers). This leads to cell-to-cell coupling where runners can push blazers to make them move faster. Calibrated micropipettes measure substantial single-cell pushing forces, which are consistent with high-order myosin motor cooperativity. Collisions that impede forward motion induce reversal, revealing navigation-related force sensing. Together, these data identify aspects of metabolism and motility that are likely to promote and underpin diatom heterotrophy.

For cooperative mid-course guidance problem of multiple unmanned target drone aircrafts(UTDA), a novel cooperative guidance law with impact angle constraints is proposed in this study. Firstly, the relative motion equation of UTDAs and target, and the multiple-UTDA cooperative guidance model with impact angle constraints are constructed. Then, the process of cooperative guidance law design is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the acceleration command on the LOS direction is designed based on the fixed-time consensus theory, the speed dimension is introduced which can guarantee the consensus of all UTDAs' impact times in fixed time. In the second stage, an impact-angle-control guidance law is proposed based on the approaches of variable coefficients sliding mode control and finite-time convergence theory to reach the virtual targets, the acceleration command on the direction of perpendicular to the LOS is developed, which can ensure that all the LOS angles converge to the desired terminal LOS angle in finite-time and some mobility when approaching the virtual targets is achieved, and the Lyapunov stability is adopted. Finally, numerical simulations express that the cooperative mid-course guidance law designed in this study can make each UTDA reach the virtual target at the same time with small miss distance and meet the LOS constraint, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mid-course guidance law.

The standardized nutrition support therapy can improve the nutritional status, immunity, quality of life, and clinical outcomes of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. The latest Chinese government policy also clearly states that nutrition support therapy should be included in the whole process of treatment and recovery of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the Beijing Quality Control and Improvement Center for Clinical Nutrition Therapy has organized relevant experts to formulate the Recommendations of Nutritional Treatment for Patients with COVID-19 Infection (2023), following the latest clinical nutrition guidelines, research evidence and clinical practice of nutrition support of COVID-19. The recommendations suggest that individualized nutrition management be implemented by following the standardized pathway of nutrition management, which includes nutrition-risk screening, malnutrition diagnosis, nutrition treatment and nutrition monitoring, and by taking into account the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19.

Energy efficiency and emission reduction are a serious global concern due to rapid economic and infrastructure growth in the twenty-first century. China, the highest energy consumer and carbon emitter, shifted its energy policy in 2011 from security to efficiency and long-term economic growth. Inline, the study employed data envelopment analysis (DEA-SBM) to measure the energy efficiency of Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2017. Mann–Whitney U test was used to explore the statistically significant difference between the energy efficiency level of China for the transit of energy security policy to energy efficiency with emission reduction policy. Further Meta-frontier analysis was employed to gauge the regional heterogeneity in production technology gaps among China’s eastern, central and western regions. In contrast, the Malmquist productivity index measures the technological and energy efficiency change to catch up with the total factor productivity change in all three regions. Our findings show that transection in energy policy has significant progress. However, the pace to achieve the energy efficiency targets is slow and needs more effort for on-ground implications with advancements in production technologies. Furthermore, a significant technological gap exists between China’s three regions. The Eastern region is more successful in the grape the advantage of technological advancement, which improves its energy efficiency level and increases TFP change. Our study suggests that the Chinese government needs to pay more attention to improving the production technologies and energy efficiency levels in central and western regions to fill the gap and come closer to the energy efficiency level of the eastern coastal region, which will ultimately improve the energy efficiency level of the country.

Pre-oxidation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) filament is one of the important processes for the preparation of PAN based carbon fiber. Aiming at the problem that carbon fiber is easy to break in the weaving process, which affects the weaving efficiency and fabric quality, the pre-oxidation of PAN filament fabric is discussed. PAN filament bundle was pretreated with boric acid solution of 5% mass fraction in saturated cupric chloride solution, and the pretreated PAN filament bundle was woven into plain fabric, and then PAN fabric was pre-oxidized using muffle furnace. The structure and thermal properties of pre oxidized pan fabric were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The results showed that there were slightly more grooves on the fiber surface in the pre-oxidation fabric than in the pre-oxidation filament under the same pre-oxidation process conditions. The aromatization index of pre-oxidation fabric was higher than that of pre-oxidation filament. The weight loss temperature of fibers from pre-oxidation fabric was about 20 ℃ higher than that of pre-oxidation filament. The variation coefficient of single fiber strength from pre-oxidized PAN fabric was smaller than that from pre-oxidized PAN filament, and variation coefficient of single fiber strength of pre-oxidized PAN fabric was large than that of pre-oxidized PAN filament.

Introduction: The musculoskeletal system plays an essential role in the performance of various movements and positioning of the body in space. Musculoskeletal diseases are an urgent problem of modern medicine. The investigation aims to determine the main pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and propose ways to avoid them. Methods: For the analysis were used the data of 3 different research, were based on the data about 12–13 years old children. This is a retrospective study. Also was conducted anthropometric measurements, and correlation and comparison methods were used. Results: It is shown that in adolescence, the musculoskeletal system is significantly reformed. Children experience rapid growth spurts, with girls having the growth spurt before boys. In addition, skeletal structures differ in adolescents of different sexes. It is noted that pain sensations that arise in adolescence persist in a more mature age and lead to various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. Conclusion: Modern adolescents have a tendency towards a deterioration of somatometric and somatoscopic indicators, which characterize the functional state of the spine. In case of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, rehabilitation should begin as early as possible using the appropriate therapeutic exercise techniques.

BACKGROUND The Changjiang uranium ore field in the southern margin of the Zhuguangshan complex pluton is a typical granite-type uranium ore field in China. Zircon U-Pb dating has been used to date ore-bearing granites. However, due to the high content of uranium in the whole rock and zircon mineral, some zircons tend to be decrystallized, which may lead to scattered zircon U-Pb data and may affect the reliability of zircon U-Pb dating. Monazite is a widespread accessory mineral in granite, and it is an ideal mineral for U-Pb dating due to its high U and Th contents (up to 10000×10-6), and low common Pb content of about 100×10-6-1000×10-6. OBJECTIVES In order to constrain the age of the ore-bearing granite and discuss the tectonic setting. METHODS LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating method was used to constrain the formation age of monazite from the Youdong and Changjiang plutons. The monazite standard materials USGS44069 and Trebilcock were selected as external standard samples and monitoring standard samples, respectively. RESULTS The 206Pb/238U age of monazite in the Youdong pluton is 228.0±1.5Ma (MSWD=0.82, n=23), and that of monazite in the Changjiang pluton is 156.8±1.7Ma (MSWD=0.76, n=14). These ages are consistent with the SHRIMP zircon ages of 232±4Ma and 160±2Ma, respectively, which further confirms that the Youdong pluton is the product of Late Indosinian magmatism, and the Yangtze River pluton is the product of early Yanshanian magmatism. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the U-Pb age of monazite in high-uranium granites can effectively constrain their formation age.

BACKGROUND The carbonatite-type molybdenum metallogenic belt in East Qinling is the largest molybdenum metallogenic belt in the world. The Huanglongpu deposit is one of the earliest discovered carbonatite-type molybdenum deposits in China. Our field survey found that the uranium grade of ores in this deposit was higher than the industrial uranium grade, being similar to the Huayangchuan U-Nb-Pb-REE deposit in the Qinling Orogenic Belt. However, the occurrences and mineralogical characteristics of radioactive elements are still unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore the main mineral assemblages, U occurrences and other characteristics of uranium ores in the Huanglongpu deposit. METHODS The detailed geological survey, μ-XRF, SEM and EDS analyses were carried out on the high-radioactivity ore from the Huanglongpu deposit. RESULTS The results showed that major uranium minerals in the Huanglongpu deposit were brannerite, betafite and uraninite, which were associated with calcite, feldspar, pyrite, molybdenite and chalcopyrite. Significant alteration and replacement of uranium minerals were observed in the studied ore sample. The betafite was transformed into Nb-rich Ti-Fe oxides after alteration. After alteration of brannerite and uraninite, a large number of cavities were formed within those minerals. The post-ore fluids were possible from meteoric water. The textural differences of altered brannerite and uraninite on BSE images suggested the variable chemical composition. CONCLUSIONS μ-XRF technology has a great application prospect in the future research of uranium deposit genesis and prospecting prediction.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are essential in mediating the body's natural and adaptive immune responses. The body can regulate the function of DCs in various ways to enhance their antitumor effects. In the tumour microenvironment (TME), antigen-specific T cell responses are initiated through DC processing and delivery of tumour-associated antigens (TAAs); conversely, tumour cells inhibit DC recruitment by releasing metabolites, cytokines and other regulatory TME and function. Different subpopulations of DCs exist in tumour tissues, and their functions vary. Insight into DC subgroups in TME allows assessment of the effectiveness of tumour immunotherapy. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is the main component of the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus. The study found that the antitumor effects of APS are closely related to DCs. APS can promote the expression of surface molecules CD80 and CD86, promote the maturation of DCs, and activate CTL to exert antitumor effects. We reviewed the application of DCs in tumor immunotherapy and the mechanism of modulation of DCs by Astragalus polysaccharide to provide new directions and strategies for tumor therapy and new drug development.

Abstract Background Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a common complication in the treatment of respiratory diseases with high morbidity and mortality. ETS-domain containing protein (Elk1) and Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 are involved in VILI, but the roles have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the mechanisms of the activation of MMP-9 and Elk1 regulating barrier function in VILI in vitro and in vivo. Methods For the in vitro study, Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) were pre-treated with Elk1 siRNA or MMP-9 siRNA for 48 h prior to cyclic stretch at 20% for 4 h. For the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated with Elk1 siRNA or MMP-9 siRNA for 72 h prior to 4 h of mechanical ventilation. The expressions of Elk1, MMP-9, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), E-cadherin, and occludin were measured by Western blotting. The intracellular distribution of E-cadherin and occludin was shown by immunofluorescence. The degree of pulmonary edema and lung injury were evaluated by Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, lung injury scores, Wet/Dry (W/D) weight ratio, total cell counts, and Evans blue dye. Results 20% cyclic stretch and high tidal volume increases the expressions of Elk1, MMP-9, and TIMP-1, increases the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1, decreases the E-cadherin and occludin level. Elk1 siRNA or MMP-9 siRNA reverses the degradations of E-cadherin, occludin, and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 caused by cyclic stretch. Elk1 siRNA decreases the MMP-9 level with or not 20% cyclic stretch and high tidal volume. Conclusions The results demonstrate mechanical stretch damages the tight junctions and aggravates the permeability in VILI, Elk1 plays an important role in affecting the tight junctions and permeability by regulating the balance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, thus indicating the therapeutic potential of Elk1 to treat VILI.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary glucose oxidase (GOx) supplementation on the reproductive performance, litter performance, total tract digestibility, and blood profile of lactating sows fed corn-wheat-based diet. A total of twenty multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were allocated into one of four treatments with five replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (Basal diet), GO1 (basal diet + 200 U GOx/kg), GO2 (basal diet + 300 U GOx/kg), GO3 (basal diet + 400 U Gox/kg). Dietary GOx supplementation did not affect lactating sow’s reproduction performance as well as body weight, backfat thickness, and body condition score during pre and post farrowing, and at weaning (p > 0.05). However, after farrowing to weaning period lactating sow’s fed GOx supplement has linearly (p = 0.0196) decreased the bodyweight loss. While, there were no effects (p > 0.05) observed on sows backfat thickness loss, average daily feed intake, and estrus interval among treatment groups. Dietary supplementation of GOx has linearly improved the body weight gain (p = 0.049) and average daily gain (p = 0.040) of suckling piglets. The total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was linearly increased with the graded level of GOx supplement. Also, a linear effect was observed on the glucose and superoxide dismutase of blood profile with the dietary inclusion of GOx. In summary, our finding indicates that the dietary inclusion of GOx supplement with corn-wheat-based diet had a beneficial effect on the nutrient digestibility and blood profile of lactating sows and improved the growth performance of suckling piglets.

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are major triggers of the imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation during the pathogenesis of immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas transmitter with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. Mice were allocated to control and immobilization (IM) groups, which were treated with slow (GYY4137) or rapid (NaHS) H2S releasing donors for 14 days. The results showed that both GYY4137 and NaHS treatment reduced the IM-induced muscle loss, and increased muscle mass. The IM-induced expressions of Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and atrogin-1, two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, were decreased by administration of GYY4137 or NaHS. Both GYY4137 and NaHS treatments alleviated the IM-induced muscle fibrosis, as evidenced by decreases in collagen deposition and levels of tissue fibrosis biomarkers. Moreover, administration of GYY4137 or NaHS alleviated the IM-induced infiltration of CD45 + leukocytes, meanwhile inhibited the expressions of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers in skeletal muscles. It was found that administration of either GYY4137 or NaHS significantly attenuated immobilization-induced oxidative stress as indicated by decreased H2O2 levels and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunoreactivity, as well as increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and NRF2 downstream anti-oxidant targets levels in skeletal muscles. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that treatment with either slow or rapid H2S releasing donors protected mice against immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis and atrophy. The beneficial effects of H2S on immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy might be due to both the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of H2S.

BACKGROUND The Huayangchua polymetallic deposit is a super-large mineral deposit that has economic endowments of uranium and rare earth resources. The deposit is characterized by the unique ore types and complex mineral assemblage. Systematic mineralogical studies can reveal the main rare-earth minerals and the occurrence of REE, providing an important reference for the comprehensive utilization and metallurgical technology of rare earth elements. OBJECTIVES To provide new insight for mineralogy using the in-situ observation and analysis technology. METHODS The field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were used to systematically study ore minerals of the Huayangchuan deposit. RESULTS The rare earth elements in the Huayangchuan deposit mainly occurred in two states. Independent rare-earth minerals included allanite (La2O3 6.49%-7.61%, Ce2O3 11.50%-14.00%), monazite (La2O3 16.30%-21.21%, Ce2O3 32.06%-39.18%), bastnasite (La2O3 12.86%-14.20%, Ce2O3 36.67%-39.90%), fergusonite (La2O3 1.19%-2.11%, Ce2O3 1.29%-2.30%, Y2O3 22.67%-25.88%), and xenotime (La2O3 2.29%-3.58%, Ce2O3 1.89%-2.37%, Y2O3 39.77%-42.80%). REE also occurred as isomorphism in apatite, pyrochlore and sphene. CONCLUSIONS REE occurs as rare-earth minerals in the Huayangchuan deposit, including allanite, monazite, bastnasite, fergusonite and xenotime, as well as isomorphism in apatite, pyrochlore and sphene. The REEs in the Huayangchuan deposit are dominated by light rare earth elements, such as La and Ce, with minor heavy rare earth element Y.

Abstract The yield and quality of the medicinal plant Achyranthes bidentata can be increased when it is replanted into a field cultivated previously with the same crop, however, fundamental aspects of its biology (so-called “replanting benefit”) still remain to be elucidated. miRNAs are sRNA molecules involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plant biological processes. Here, 267 conserved and 36 novel miRNAs were identified in A. bidentata roots. We compared the miRNA content of the roots (R1) from first-year planting with that of the roots (R2) of second-year replanting, and screened 21 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. Based on in silico functional analysis, integrated miRNA-mRNA datasets allowed the identification of 10 miRNA-target family modules, which might participate in the benefit. The expression profiles of the miRNA-target modules were potentially correlated with the presence of the replanting benefit. The indication was that the miRNA-responsive continuous monoculture could reprogram miRNA-mRNA expression patterns, which possibly promote the root growth and development, enhance its transport activity and strengthen its tolerance to various stresses, thereby improving A. bidentata productivity as observed in the replanting benefit. Our study provides basic data for further research on the molecular mechanisms of the benefit in A. bidentata.

BackgroundThe miniature fission ionization chamber is a widely used neutron detector for the in-core neutron flux monitoring of a nuclear reactor. Typically, the in-core neutron flux rate measurement system of a domestic CPR1000 nuclear power unit adopts a mobile miniature fission ionization chamber as the neutron probe to measure the neutron flux of the reactor and provide an in-core neutron flux distribution map during the operation. Therefore, it is an important piece of safety and control equipment for nuclear power plants.PurposeThis study aims to develope a mobile miniature fission ionization chamber neutron detector according to the service conditions and technical requirements of current foreign products.MethodsThe nuclear properties of self-made fission ionization chamber neutron detector was developed strictly following the national standard GB/T 7164-2022 and the industry standard NB/T 20215-2013. The gamma sensitivity was tested and compared with a reference commercial fission detector using a 60Co gamma source. The thermal neutron detection characteristic, including the length and slope of plateau, the thermal neutron sensitivity and linearity were tested in one test channel of the China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR) with neutron flux from 1×109 n∙cm-2∙s-1 to 4×1013 n∙cm-2∙s-1.Results & ConclusionsThe test results indicate that "domestic substitution" of this in-core safety product can be achieved, and the nuclear characteristics of self-developed prototypes are comparable to those of foreign products.

The stimulus-responsive room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have become an increasingly significant topic in the fields of bioimaging, sensing, and anticounterfeiting. However, this kind of materials is scarce to date, especially for the ones with delicate stimulus-responsive behavior. Herein, a universal strategy for multilevel thermal erasure of RTP via chromatographic separation of host-guest doping RTP systems is proposed. The tunable host-guest systems, matrix materials, heating temperature, and time are demonstrated to allow precise six-level data encryption, QR code encryption, and thermochromic phosphorescence encryption. Mechanistic study reveals that the thermal-responsive property might be attributed to molecular thermal motion and the separation effect of the silica gel, which provides expanded applications of host-guest RTP materials such as cold chain break detection. This work offers a simple yet universal way to construct advanced responsive RTP materials.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of neuronal activity in the cerebellar cortex during the acquisition of trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC) in mice. Methods A 150-ms pulse of blue light conditioned stimulus (CS) followed by a 100-ms air-puff unconditioned stimulus (US) with a 250-ms trace interval for 5 consecutive training days was performed to train the mice (n=6) to establish tEBC. During daily tEBC training, the neuronal activities in the cerebellar cortex were continuously recorded by tetrode electrodes. Results During the acquisition of tEBC, the incidence of conditioned eyeblink response (CR) in mice was significantly increased (P < 0.01), with the incidence increased from (35.3±10.5)% on the 1st day to (70.9±3.2)% on the 5th day. In particular, 2 types of learning-related neuronal activities were observed in the cerebellar cortex: ① trace interval-decreased firing neurons (early stage: n=11, late stage: n=23) and ② trace interval-increased firing neurons(early stage: n=18, late stage: n=7). The proportions of 2 types of cerebellar cortical neurons were significantly different to those at the early-learning stage (P < 0.01): the percentage of trace interval-decreased firing neurons was increased (early stage: 16.7%, late stage: 36.5%), whereas that of trace interval-increased firing neurons was decreased (early stage: 27.3%, late stage: 11.2%). Moreover, with the acquisition of tEBC response, the latency of CS-evoked decreased firing activity in the cerebellar cortex was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05). In contrast, the magnitude of the firing responses failed to change (P>0.05). Conclusion During the acquisition of tEBC, the discharge of neurons in the cerebellar cortex exhibits changed pattern from the enhancement to attenuation, which is highly correlated to the CR acquisition.

Abstract Background Patients with acute leukaemia (AL) usually require prolonged periods of hospitalisation. The treatment and clinical symptoms may lead to patients’ supportive care needs (SCNs) not being met and impairs their quality of life (QoL). Studies on QoL and SCNs among AL patients are limited. This study aimed to identify the unmet SCNs and its relation to QoL of adult AL patients in China. Methods This multicentre cross-sectional study recruited 346 participants to complete a self-developed questionnaire, detailing demographic information and disease-related variables. A 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34) was used to identify unmet SCNs, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukaemia (FACT-Leu) questionnaire measured patients’ QoL. Results Unmet SCN rates for the 34 items ranged from17.6 to 81.7%. Patients’ needs were high for health systems and information, but low in the sexual domain. The results reveal nine factors associated with the unmet SCNs of adult AL patients, including marital status, original residence, age, education, occupation, other diseases, chemotherapy course, disease course, and treatment stage (p

Research on enhancement green light emitter is important to obtain a perfect red-green-blue (RGB) induced white light source. Unfortunately the present of mixed phase in deposition of InGaN/GaN limited the potential LED efficiency. Therefore, we introduce a new method called as Low Temperature Ammonia Treatment (LTAT) to eliminate the mixed phase and to enhance the structure properties of InGaN/GaN. Two samples have been prepared, with LTAT (LED A) and without LTAT (LED B). Both samples have been characterized using optical microscope (OM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-ray rocking curve (XRC) and Electroluminescence (EL). On the structural characterization, the OM results show the present 3D island on LED B sample while sample LED A only shows 2D surface. The RMS surface roughness from AFM are 10.3 ± 0.4 nm and 13.5 ± 10.7 nm for LED A and LED B respectively. XRC analysis proved the LED A with LTAT has a homogenous XRD curve while LED B without LTAT has a mixed phase. The BSFs streak length measured as 1.42 nm−1 and 1.61 nm−1 for LED A and LED B respectively shows low crystallographic defect in LED A compared to LED B. For the EL characteristic, LED A shows a single sharp peak near 538.2 nm wavelength, while LED B shows a broad multi-peak profile at 435.7 nm, 480.6 nm and 520.5 nm. The single sharp peak shows enhancement in green light emission when LTAT is applied during deposition. Successful enhancement is structural and electroluminescence properties shows the effectiveness of LTAT proposed in this work for perfect RGB.

BACKGROUND The Shijiaowei uranium deposit (No.339 deposit) in the Eastern Guidong granite complex of Nanling region, is one of the large type deposits in the Xiazhuang uranium ore field. Uraninite, the main ore mineral of the Shijiaowei deposit, is the ideal mineral for geochronology. Previous studies show that the uranium mineralize ages of Shijiaowei deposit is 38-138Ma acquired by ID-TIMS and EMPA. OBJECTIVES To provide new insight for uranium metallogenic mechanism and background of the Shijiaowei deposit by a new reliable uranium mineralization age determination method. METHODS In situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating method was used to constrain the formation age of uraninite from the Shijiaowei deposit. RESULTS The 206Pb/238U age of uraninite was 52.46-56.89Ma with the weighted average age of 54.68±0.53Ma (MSWD=1.19, n=18). The in situ U-Pb dating of the uraninite avoids the influence of mineral inclusions, secondary changes and micro-cracks on dating. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the in situ U-Pb isotopic age of the uraninite determined by LA-ICP-MS represents the ore-forming age of the deposit. The ore-forming age (about 55Ma) is consistent with the main metallogenic period (about 50Ma) of the South China granite-type uranium deposit, indicating that the uranium mineralization of the Shijiao ore deposit is closely related to fault tectonic activity induced by the local extension of the lithosphere in South China.

Tailoring the fluorescence emission of quantum emitters to a desired direction is a crucial issue to achieve high efficient photodetection and realize unique optoelectronic devices. In this study, the directional emission of quantum dots controlled by optical traveling wave antennas based on 1D silver nanowires (NWs) was investigated. Both leaky waves and surface waves on a single NW are utilized for fluorescence emission control, and we show that the coupled fluorescence transforms from bidirectional to unidirectional emission when the surrounding medium changes from air to water. Moreover, in the unidirectional case, we obtain an ultra-narrow half-power bandwidth about 20°. Finite-difference time-domain simulations and Green’s function method in a stratified medium are used to calculate the far-field emission patterns of the hybrid structures, which agree well with the experiments. Further analyses based on typical modes and the dipole-chain model also reveal the mechanism behind the bidirectional and unidirectional fluorescence emission. These results show that the structures have great potential in integrated on-chip, sensing and photon-collection devices.

The radar scattering cross(RCS) which represents the echo strength of the target under the incidence wave is one of the most important concepts in the radar stealth. With the characteristics of small(low RCS), slow(low flight speed) and low(low flight height), the RCS of the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) in complex electromagnetic environments are affected by the geography, meteorology, non-cooperative radar radiation source and so on. Based upon such conditions, the RCS of the UAV in the complex electromagnetic environments and the influence of the radar echo are presented in this paper. Meanwhile, the research progress on the RCS of the UAV in the complex electromagnetic environments are introduced.

ABCC multidrug resistance-associated proteins (ABCCs/MRPs), a subfamily of ABC transporters, are involved in multiple physiological processes. Although these proteins have been characterized in some plants, limited efforts have been made to address their possible roles in Rehmannia glutinosa, a medicinal plant. Here, we scanned R. glutinosa transcriptome sequences and identified 18 RgABCC genes by in silico analysis. Sequence alignment revealed that the RgABCCs were closely phylogenetically related and highly conserved with other plant ABCCs/MRPs. Subcellular localization revealed that most of the RgABCCs were deposited in vacuoles and a few in plasma membranes. Tissue-specific expression of the RgABCCs indicated significant specific accumulation patterns, implicating their roles in the respective tissues. Differential temporal expression patterns of the RgABCCs exhibited their potential roles during root development. Various abiotic stress and hormone treatment experiments indicated that some RgABCCs could be transcriptionally regulated in roots. Furthermore, the transcription of several RgABCCs in roots was strongly activated by cadmium (Cd), suggesting possible roles under heavy metal stresses. Functional analysis of RgABCC1 heterologous expression revealed that it may increase the tolerance to Cd in yeast, implying its Cd transport activity. Our study provides a detailed inventory and molecular characterization of the RgABCCs and valuable information for exploring their functions in R. glutinosa.

With the rapid development of hypersonic vehicle technology, the research on defense approach of the hypersonic weapons is constantly deepening. A lot of guidance law researchers made their efforts to tackle with the problem of high speed, active large scale maneuverability of the hypersonic targets. In this paper, this interception problem is defined as a typical differential game, and the adaptive dynamic programming method is used to solve the Nash equilibrium solution of the nonlinear continuous time system. The numerical simulation of Matlab is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law. The result shows that the differential game guidance law based on adaptive dynamic programming is more robust than the baseline method, and can obtain higher interception accuracy.

The present study has assessed the preliminary placer LREEs resource potential of mid-Siwalik Group Dhok Pathan Formation from Surghar-Shingar Range of NW Himalayan foreland Fold-and-Thrust-Belt and regarded them as indicative resources only. The analytical results of bulk samples of sandstone did not show any anomalous concentration of REEs. However, the ICP-MS results of heavy minerals laminations (black sands) revealed high concentrations (ppm) of LREEs (La: 975, Ce: 2831, Pr: 193, Nd: 746, Sm: 127, Gd: 98.70). We identified monazite-(Ce) [Ce, La, Nd]PO4 as the primary LREEs-bearing mineral through Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA). The representative quantitative micro-mineral analysis of monazite confirmed promising concentration of Rare Earth Oxides (REOs) maximum (in weight %) - La2O3: 16.20, Ce2O3: 37.82, Pr2O3: 4.77, Nd2O3: 21.72, Sm2O3: 5.23, Gd2O3: 4.88. Considering the thickness, lateral extension and depositional setting of host sediments along-with anomalously high concentrations of LREEs, it has been concluded that these Siwalik sediments host good indicative placer resource potential for low-cost recovery of LREEs.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common causative agent of nosocomial infections with a high level of resistance toward β-lactam antibiotics. Our previous study showed that TEM-1 and SHV-11 are the predominant β-lactamase-encoding genes of K. pneumoniae isolates in the Zhejiangarea, China. In this study, more clinical K. pneumoniae isolates were collected for detecting their β-lactamase-encoding gene profiles by PCR and sequencing. qRT-PCR was then performed to determine the role of cefotaxime or penicillin in low concentrations to induce the β-lactamase gene expression of K. pneumoniae isolates. Moreover, the K. pneumoniae isolates were pretreated with closantel (CLO), a histidine kinase inhibitor, before antibiotic treatment, and qRT-PCR and the β-lactamase phenotype confirmatory test were then applied to determine the effect of CLO on the expression of the β-lactamase genes. The results showed that, except for KPC-2, the 1/4 MIC cefotaxime or penicillin induced significant mRNA elevation of the TEM-1, CTX-M-14, SHV-11 and OXA-1β-lactamase genes, but this induction could be inhibited by CLO. After pretreatment withCLO,78.4~81.4%of the β-lactam-resistant isolates became sensitive and the positive rate of the β-lactamase production phenotype in the isolates was decreased from 100% to 27.1%. The data indicate thatTEM-1 (70.7%), SHV-11 (64.2%) and CTX-M-14 (40.5%) are the predominant β-lactamase genes of the K. pneumoniae isolates in Zhejiang and sublethal dosage of β-lactam antibiotics can induce the β-lactamase gene expression of K. pneumoniae through histidine kinase-mediated two-component signaling systems.

The seam hole type carbonate didn't touch type drill in the cave reservoir oil and gas resources is rich, but due to the large difference of unused reservoir capacity, capacity of main control factors and the evaluation model is not clear, so the reservoir is difficult to reasonable and effective development, in order to improve the cave reservoir development effect, find the factors influencing the cave reservoir capacity of the master,This article through to carry out the cave type carbonate reservoir capacity model test, the cave reservoir productivity prediction model is set up and analyze the factors affecting capacity, studies have shown that the wellbore storage coefficient and skin factor of cave type carbonate reservoir had a greater influence on the vertical well productivity, this paper research content for the cave type of carbonate reservoir reserves producing has a certain guiding significance.