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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) encompasses a wide spectrum of causes, characterized by excessive immune system activation and release of a cascade of inflammatory markers. HLH can be familial or primary and secondary, secondary being more common. Secondary HLH holds primary concern as it involves treatable causes and hence timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are of utmost importance in patient care. Our case report is of a 34‑year‑old immunocompetent male with a history of fever of 5 days duration along with breathlessness, myalgia, and cough at the onset, but the symptoms kept deteriorating over a period of 1.5 months. Due to the wide range of clinical presentations and overlap of symptoms, an array of differentials was considered, however prioritizing an infectious cause led to our final diagnosis in this case. The patient succumbed to the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare neurodegenerative spongiform encephalopathy that causes neuronal derangement secondary to prion protein. Its initial diagnosis is often complex and challenging due to non-specific clinical presentation, lack of awareness, and low clinical suspicion. This disease is invariably fatal, and most patients die within 12 months of presentation. Definite diagnosis of prion disease requires neuropathological analysis, usually done at autopsy. Here, we present the autopsy findings of a 57-year-old male patient, illustrating the complexity of diagnosing this disease early in the clinical course and the need for a broad differential diagnosis at the onset., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024 The Authors.)

Infective endocarditis (IE) is the heart valve or endocardium infection. We report a rare case of polymicrobial endocarditis, namely invasive Aspergillus spp and Acinetobacter baumannii, in a 36-year-old male with a medical history of degenerative disease of the aorta with abdominal aortic and ascending aortic aneurysms with a fulminant clinical course and fatal outcome. The treatment was challenging due to multiple comorbidities. The autopsy revealed dual pathogen endocarditis due to Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis and invasive Aspergillus spp mycosis. This report emphasizes that polymicrobial endocarditis (PE) is an infrequent finding with a poor prognosis requiring high clinical suspicion., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022 The Authors.)