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A bacia hidrográfica do Baixo Tocantins está localizada no nordeste do estado do Pará e tem sua área de abrangência passando por 15 municípios paraenses. Entre os diversos desafios, conter os impactos ambientais que são ocasionados pelo uso e ocupação do solo, está entre os principais enfrentados pela sociedade urbana. Isto é, o uso e ocupação em áreas não apropriadas que aceleram fenômenos naturais. Desta forma, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as modificações e efeitos ocasionados pelo uso e ocupação do solo na bacia hidrográfica do Baixo Tocantins, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, assim como coleta de dados utilizando as ferramentas de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto, por meio dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG's). Sendo assim, para o monitoramento das áreas de diferentes escalas de mapeamento e comparação do uso e cobertura do solo, utilizou-se dados dos anos de 2009 e 2019. Portanto, pode-se inferir que a transição de uso e ocupação do solo pertencentes a bacia hidrográfica do Baixo Tocantins foi significativa, em comparação entre os anos citados, com um aumento considerável em áreas destinadas à pastagem, ocasionando a diminuição da cobertura vegetal.

O novo Coronavírus (Sars-CoV-2) é um vírus identificado como a causa de um surto de doença respiratória detectado pela primeira vez em Wuhan, na China, e que após a sua rápida disseminação em várias partes do mundo, passou a ser caracterizada como uma pandemia. Este artigo objetivou analisar o acesso à água e a sua relação com o Covid-19, além de se mencionar a importância da universalização deste recurso. Esta análise foi baseada no perfil epidemiológico do vírus, assim como o perfil sanitário no estado do Pará, mais especificamente, nos municípios de Belém, Parauapebas, Santarém, Ananindeua, Marabá, Itaituba e Cametá. Portanto, notou-se que apesar da existência da Lei Nacional do Saneamento Básico, a universalização ainda não é uma realidade, principalmente para a Região Norte, quando estudos mostram que somente 57% da população recebe o serviço de água tratada. Além de se levar em consideração, ainda, que uma grande parcela se perde ao longo da distribuição. Por fim, conclui-se que há uma distribuição desigual de atenção e cobertura de saneamento no Brasil e essa desigualdade reflete no alto impacto para a prevenção da doença em populações vulneráveis do país.

A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) ou Atenção Básica, se estabelece como um conjunto de ações de saúde individuais, familiares e coletivas que envolvem promoção, prevenção, proteção, diagnóstico, tratamento, reabilitação, redução de danos, cuidados paliativos e vigilância em saúde, desenvolvida por meio de práticas de cuidado integrado e gestão qualificada, realizada com equipe multiprofissional e dirigida à população em território definido, sobre as quais as equipes assumem responsabilidade sanitária. O Sistema Único de Saúde é organizado em níveis de atenção, sendo a Atenção Primária à Saúde a porta de entrada do Sistema. Com uma proposta inovadora no que tange o processo de trabalho em saúde, a APS altera o paradigma da atenção à saúde em favor do atendimento integral à população, ao rejeitar os conhecimentos confinados nos consultórios e privilegiar o conhecimento construído a partir dos saberes e práticas, além de utilizar de tecnologias relacionais em saúde como acolhimento, vínculo, corresponsabilização na garantia do acesso e resolubilidade. Neste contexto, solicita-se à sua equipe que a partir de uma análise situacional de riscos à saúde, incluindo as situações endêmicas/epidêmicas/pandêmicas, planeje, implemente e avalie ações direcionadas ao cuidado integral de indivíduos, família e comunidade. Por isso, as Faculdades Integradas do Extremo Sul da Bahia (UNESULBAHIA) assumiu o compromisso da formação humanística no campo da saúde e ao reconhecer os princípios da APS propôs que os alunos desenvolvessem projetos interprofissionais na Atenção Primária à Saúde logo nos anos iniciais, aproximando o alunado das comunidades, da pesquisa, das abordagens baseadas em evidências científicas e, sobretudo, promovessem ações de bem estar e qualidade de vida a indivíduos e/ou grupos de acordo com os princípios da bioética no exercício profissional.

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue followed by transplantation represents a strategy to restore ovarian function and fertility. Stress from cryopreservation-thawing processes can lead to alterations and/or damage to mitochondrial structure and functionality. High resolution respirometry and histological analysis were used to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation and transplantation on ovarian tissue. Four different conditions were performed: Fresh non-transplanted tissue, Fresh transplanted tissue, Cryopreserved non-transplanted tissue and Cryopreserved transplanted tissue. All groups were able to respond to the substrates-uncoupler-inhibitor protocol. We found a dramatic decrease in general oxygen consumption in hemi-ovaries submitted to cryopreservation and/or transplantation. The effect of cryopreservation on mitochondrial metabolism was less intense than effect of transplantation, since the transplantation affected all of the mitochondrial states. A total of 2644 follicles were analyzed. Of these, 2198 were classified as morphologically normal. The percentage of morphologically normal follicles was significantly lower in the Cryopreserved transplanted group when compared to the Cryopreserved non-transplanted group and the Fresh transplanted group (p-value

Houses are considered factors influencing the permanence of land reform settlers on the lot. For their construction, the beneficiaries of the agrarian reform access housing credit resources and, however, due to the insufficiency of this amount and the lack of technical guidance, the houses present a low degree of consolidation and constructive quality. Given this context, the objective is to analyze the potential application of a constructive system in Self-Compacting Soil-Cement (SCAA) as a more environmentally and economically sustainable proposal for these houses and, also, with a high degree of initial consolidation, since is performed in a single step. The methodology consists in the elaboration of a diagnosis of the materials used in the houses found in a sample of 25 150 lots, and of a diagnosis of the state of the art of the use of SCAA, in terms of scientific publications and patents, considering the time window from 2012 to 2022 The results show that the houses in the surveyed lots are built essentially in masonry, as well as identifying innovations in terms of product and process that can be incorporated into the SCAA compatible with the Brazilian reality., Las casas se consideran factores que influyen en la permanencia de los colonos de la reforma agraria en el lote. Para su construcción, los beneficiarios de la reforma agraria acceden a recursos de crédito habitacional y, sin embargo, por la insuficiencia de este monto y la falta de orientación técnica, las viviendas presentan un bajo grado de consolidación y calidad constructiva. Dado este contexto, el objetivo es analizar la potencial aplicación de un sistema constructivo en Suelo-Cemento Autocompactante (SCAA) como una propuesta más sostenible ambiental y económicamente para estas viviendas y, además, con un alto grado de consolidación inicial, ya que se realiza en un solo paso. La metodología consiste en la elaboración de un diagnóstico de los materiales utilizados en las viviendas encontradas en una muestra de 25 150 lotes, y de un diagnóstico del estado del arte del uso de SCAA, en cuanto a publicaciones científicas y patentes, considerando la ventana de tiempo de 2012 a 2022 Los resultados muestran que las casas de los lotes investigados están construidas esencialmente en mampostería, además de identificar innovaciones en términos de producto y proceso que pueden ser incorporados a la SCAA compatibles con la realidad brasileña., As moradias são consideradas fatores de influência na permanência do assentado da reforma agrária no lote. Para sua construção, os beneficiários da reforma agrária acessam recursos do crédito habitacional e, no entanto, devido à insuficiência desse montante e à falta de orientação técnica, as moradias apresentam baixo grau de consolidação e qualidade construtiva. Diante desse contexto, tem-se por objetivo analisar o potencial de aplicação de um sistema construtivo em Solo-Cimento Autoadensável (SCAA) como uma proposta ambiental e economicamente mais sustentável para essas moradias e, também, de elevado grau de consolidação inicial, já que é executado em uma única etapa. A metodologia consiste na elaboração de diagnóstico dos materiais utilizados nas moradias encontradas em uma amostra de 25 150 lotes, e de um diagnóstico do estado da arte do uso do SCAA, em termos de publicações científicas e patentes, considerando a janela temporal de 2012 a 2022. Os resultados evidenciam que as moradias nos lotes pesquisados são construídas essencialmente em alvenaria, bem como identificam inovações em termos de produto e processo passíveis de serem incorporadas no SCAA compatíveis com a realidade brasileira.

Leishmania parasites contain lipid droplets (LD, or lipid bodies) and the molecular machinery responsible for synthesizing prostaglandins (PGs) and other bioactive lipids. We studied the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on LD biogenesis and eicosanoid production in distinct Leishmania species associated with different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. We also compared structural models of human-like cyclooxygenase-2 (GP63) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) proteins of Leishmania, and we evaluated their enzymatic production in logarithmic and stationary growth phases of procyclic L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum. PUFAs modulate the formation of LDs in L. braziliensis and L. infantum. Leishmania species with equivalent clinical manifestations and tissue tropism had same protein mutations in GP63 and PGFS. No differences in GP63 production were observed among L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum, however increased PGFS production was detected during the parasite differentiation. Stimulation with arachidonic acid resulted in highly elevated production of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids compared to prostaglandins quantified by LC-MS/MS. The present findings open new perspectives on the role of eicosanoid metabolism in Leishmania and could contribute to the development of novel antiparasitic drugs.

The growth curve is a tool that can be used to determine the performance potential of fish at different ages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth curve of pacu (P. mesopotamicus) and the patinga hybrid (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus) cultivated in a semi-intensive system. In the initial phase of the experiment, the pacu and patinga fish weighed 32.6 ± 7.5 g and 24.9 ± 7.1 g, respectively. The Gompertz model was adopted to describe the growth curve. At the end of the experiment, body weight, standard length, head length, body height and body width did not differ significantly between the pacu (625.9 g; 25.6 cm; 7.2 cm; 12.1 cm; 4.5 cm) and the patinga hybrid (727.1 g; 27.3 cm; 7.6 cm; 13.2 cm; 4.9 cm). The asymptotic value (parameter A), relative growth rate (parameter B), and age at the inflection point (parameter C) of the growth curve of the two species were similar for weight and for the evaluated morphometric traits. The asymptotic values obtained for weight in the pacu and the patinga hybrid were 1212.0 g and 1348.0 g, respectively. The growth curve of the patinga hybrid is similar to that of pacu, contrasting with the belief of many fish farmers

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Citral has been studied in the pharmaceutical industry and has shown antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of citral in inhibiting biofilm formation and modulating virulence genes, with the ultimate goal of finding a strategy for treating infections caused by MRSA strains. Citral showed antimicrobial activity against MRSA isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 5 mg/mL (0.5%) and 40 mg/mL (4%), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values between 10 mg/mL (1%) and 40 mg/mL (4%). The sub-inhibitory dose was 2.5 mg/mL (0.25%). Citral, in an antibiogram, modulated synergistically, antagonistically, or indifferent to the different antibiotics tested. Prior to evaluating the antibiofilm effects of citral, we classified the bacteria according to their biofilm production capacity. Citral showed greater efficacy in the initial stage, and there was a significant reduction in biofilm formation compared to the mature biofilm. qPCR was used to assess the modulation of virulence factor genes, and icaA underexpression was observed in isolates 20 and 48. For icaD, seg, and sei, an increase was observed in the expression of ATCC 33,591. No significant differences were found for eta and etb. Citral could be used as a supplement to conventional antibiotics for MRSA infections.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar as prevalências e os fatores associados à prática de atividades físicas no lazer, em níveis insuficientes, em bombeiros de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo do tipo survey, tendo como amostra os bombeiros militares (n=103) lotados na cidade de Uberaba, Minas Gerais. A variável dependente deste estudo foi a prática de atividade física no lazer, em níveis insuficientes (até 149 minutos), em intensidade moderada a vigorosa. As variáveis independentes foram sexo (masculino e feminino), idade em anos completos, escolaridade (ensino médio completo, ensino superior incompleto e ensino superior completo), situação conjugal (sem parceiro e com parceiro), anos de atuação profissional, atividade física no deslocamento (150 minutos ou mais e até 149 minutos), autoavaliação de estresse (estresse positivo, estresse intermediário e estresse negativo) e autoavaliação de saúde (autoavaliação positiva e autoavaliação negativa). A medida de associação empregada foram as Razões de Prevalências (RP), nas análises brutas e ajustadas. O nível de significância foi de 5%. A prevalência de prática em níveis insuficiente de atividades físicas no lazer foi de 28,9%. Foram associados a esse comportamento em bombeiros, os menores níveis de prática no deslocamento (RP = 2,10; IC95% = 1,04 – 4,27) e o aumento dos anos de atuação na corporação (RP = 1,06; IC95% = 1,03 – 1,10). Conclui-se que a prevalência de menores níveis de prática de atividades físicas no lazer foi observada em três de cada 10 bombeiros e o maior tempo na carreira associou-se com menor envolvimento em atividades físicas no lazer.

A subjetividade tem sido concebida na tradição filosófica, nas ciências humanas de modo geral e na psicologia em particular com uma substancialidade que define uma suposta natureza humana. Através do pensamento de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, o conceito é reinventado e posto numa órbita de processualidade maquínica de produção de territórios, colocando em movimento uma ética do devir que provoca desvios nos padrões individuais e identitários. Cabe, então, interrogar o verbo Ser dos supostos sujeitos, subvertendo as lógicas dicotômicas que fazem da subjetividade uma fronteira demarcadora de uma interioridade em oposição a uma exterioridade. Os conceitos de Rizoma, Ritornelo e Devir suscitam uma desterritorialização da própria noção hegemônica de subjetividade de modo a operá-la como superfície vibrátil ao mesmo tempo não-visível e não-oculta.

Background Ureaplasma diversum is a pathogen found in the genital tract of cattle and associated with genital disorders such as infertility, placentitis, abortion, birth of weak calves, low sperm motility, seminal vesiculitis and epididymitis. There are few studies evaluating the genetic diversity of U. diversum strains and their influence on the immune response in cattle. Therefore, to better understand genetic relationships of the pathogenicity of U. diversum, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was performed to characterize the ATCC 49782 strain and another 40 isolates recovered from different Brazilian states. Results Primers were designed for housekeeping genes ftsH, polC, rpL22, rpoB, valS and ureA and for virulence genes, phospholipase D (pld), triacylglycerol lipase (tgl), hemolysin (hlyA), MIB-MIP system (mib,mip), MBA (mba), VsA (VsA) and ribose transporter (tABC). PCRs were performed and the targeted gene products were purified and sequenced. Sequence types (STs), and clonal complexes (CCs) were assigned and the phylogenetic relationship was also evaluated. Thus, a total of 19 STs and 4 CCs were studied. Following the molecular analysis, six isolates of U. diversum were selected, inoculated into bovine monocyte/macrophage culture and evaluated for gene expression of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17. Differences were detected in the induction of cytokines, especially between isolates 198 and BA78, promoted inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profiles, respectively, and they also differed in virulence factors. Conclusion It was observed that intra-species variability between isolates of U. diversum can induce variations of virulent determinants and, consequently, modulate the expression of the triggered immune response.

Background: Seminal cryopreservation is a technique that optimizes aquacultural production, as it requires less breeding and enables reproduction outside of the breeding season. This technique also helps to preserve species, thus reducing the pressure on the natural stocks. Several studies have sought to develop freezing protocols that result in semen of a good quality. However, some studies do not evaluate the ability of frozen semen to produce viable larvae. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the fertilizing capacity of the frozen semen of Prochilodus brevis.Materials, Methods & Results: Semen from twenty adult males of the Brazilian bocachico was collected and evaluated to establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, membrane integrity, pH, and concentration. Six pools were formed, each of which was diluted in a freezing medium containing 5% glucose with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 5% glucose with 10% methyl glycol (MG). The samples were loaded into 0.25 mL French straws, frozen in a dry shipper, and stored in a liquid nitrogen canister. The semen was then thawed and evaluated to establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, and membrane integrity. For the fertilization test, four females were used. The oocytes from each female were divided into three batches and fertilized with either fresh or cryopreserved semen. The rates of fertilization, hatching, and larval survival were then measured. Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using SAS (2002). The frozen semen with glucose + DMSO was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the frozen semen with glucose + MG, in all seminal quality parameters evaluated (63.95 ± 15.88% and 25.36 ± 3.53% for the motility, 36.38 ± 7.02 μm.s-1 and 20.45 ± 2.84 μm.s-1 for the curvilinear velocity, 19.26 ± 2.74 μm.s-1 and 3.03 ± 1.40 μm.s-1 for the straight linear velocity, 25.70 ± 6.51 μm.s-1 and 6.90 ± 1.12 μm.s-1 for the average path velocity, and 63.58 ± 6.95% and 35.58 ± 11.26% for the membrane integrity, respectively). MG were very close to zero and not statistically significant. Regarding these same parameters, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) when the fresh semen was compared to the cryopreserved semen with glucose + DMSO (36.25 ± 2.5% and 29.16 ± 5.64% for the fertilization rate, 38.56 ± 11.23% and 29.33 ± 11.75% for the hatching rate, and 11.59 ± 5.16% and 7.63 ± 5.46% for the larval survival rate, respectively).Discussion: This is the first study of the artificial fertilization of Prochilodus brevis using cryopreserved semen. Seminal quality parameters are important for predicting the success of the cryopreservation technique, however, in vivo tests are essential to confirm such success. Thus, obtaining larvae is a major step towards the standardization of a cryopreservation protocol for a particular species. It is known that cryopreservation reduces the seminal quality but is a necessary process for the conservation of male gametes in the long term and, as shown in this study, good results can be obtained. In this study, the best results were obtained with the inclusion of DMSO in the freezing medium. This effect can be attributed to DMSO having a very low molecular weight, which decreases the formation of ice crystals. Considering the results obtained, we concluded that it is feasible to obtain larvae of the Brazilian bocachico using frozen semen in a 5% glucose solution with 10% DMSO.

Background: The addition of antioxidant substances to a cryoprotective solution can increase its protective capacity, shielding spermatozoa from the oxidative stress caused by the seminal cryopreservation process. However, there is no record of a seminal cryopreservation protocol of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) using antioxidants as a supplement to the cryoprotective solution. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding vitamin C, vitamin E, cysteine, and/or taurine to the seminal cryopreservation of tambaqui.Materials, Methods & Results: Pools of semen (n = 10) were diluted in cryoprotective solutions supplemented with: vitamin C (T1), vitamin E (T2), vitamin C + vitamin E (T3), cysteine (T4), taurine (T5), and taurine + cysteine (T6). The control treatment (T7) was not supplemented. Diluted semen was loaded in 0.5 mL straws, frozen in a dry-shipper, stored in a cryogenic cylinder, and then thawed in a water bath (45ºC for eight seconds). The quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen was evaluated by measuring total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), linearity, and straightness using a computerized system of sperm analysis. Sperm membrane integrity parameters were analyzed using eosin-nigrosin staining, sperm morphology was assessed using pink bengal staining, and motility duration was measured by a digital timer. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SAS (2002) and the results were expressed as means ± standard error of the mean. The results showed that, in general, there was no significant increase in seminal quality when antioxidants were added to the cryoprotective solution. The T5 treatment promoted an increase (P < 0.05) in progressive motility when compared to T1 (6.33 ± 1.14% and 2.98 ± 0.88%, respectively). However, it did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from the other treatments. Treatments T2 and T5 presented the highest values of VCL (34.74 ± 2.58 and 33.60 ± 1.81 μm.s-1, respectively). These were higher (P < 0.05) than T1 (26.31 ± 1.64 μm.s-1) but not different (P > 0.05) from the T7 control (30.87 ± 1.49 μm.s-1). The VSL and VAP results showed that T1 presented the lowest velocity (9.89 ± 1.75 and 15.06 ± 1.92 μm.s-1, respectively) compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05) that did not differ from each other. Combining the two vitamins (T3) or the two amino acids (T6) was not advantageous in relation to the use of only one of these antioxidants.Discussion: The present study reports, for the first time, results of the addition of antioxidants to the tambaqui seminal freezing medium. The addition of taurine and vitamin E, although not significantly different from the control treatment, resulted in a tendency to increase sperm kinetics. This effect may be due to the action of taurine as a regulator of Ca2+ transporters, which is necessary to trigger sperm activation, and to the ability of vitamin E to scavenge reactive oxygen species produced during lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, the reduced sperm quality observed when vitamin C was used may have been related to the toxicity caused by a high concentration of this vitamin. In addition, once the safe dose of antioxidants has been exceeded, the normal physiological functions of reactive oxygen species can be inhibited. Thus, it is concluded that the use of vitamin E and taurine promotes promising results of curvilinear velocity after thawing of sperm. Therefore, these treatments are recommended, as well as more tests to determine their optimal concentrations.

Background: Prochilodus brevis is a rheophilic fish of economic and ecological importance. However, anthropic action has made its population vulnerable. Thus, the development of reproductive biotechnologies, such as seminal conservation, is necessary to subsidize their fish farming. However, seminal collections are often performed in places with few laboratory resources, demanding studies to determine the maximum time for which sperm can be cooled, as well as its process until frozen. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of cooling time and the presence of dilution solutions on cryopreservation of P. brevis semen.Material, Methods & Results: After seminal collection, nine pools were formed and analyzed for seminal pH, concentration, membrane integrity, morphology and spermatic kinetics - motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP) and straight line velocity (VSL). After the analysis of the pools in natura (control 1), they were processed as follows: 1)- immediate freezing (control 2); 2)- cooling: undiluted, diluted in coconut water powder (ACP-104) or diluted in 5% glucose, followed by cooling at different times (6, 12, 24 or 48 h); 3)- Post-refrigeration freezing: the pools were diluted in their respective diluents and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. After 15 days, the samples were thawed and analyzed for the aforementioned parameters. For the cooled and post-thawed semen, a completely randomized design with 2 (diluent × cooling time) and 3 (storage form × cooling time and storage form × diluent) factors, respectively, was utilized. ANOVA and Dunnett tests were applied to compare the means. In case of seminal cooling, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in sperm motility between control 1 and the undiluted and diluted treatments in ACP-104 for up to 24 h. After 48 h, only the VCL of the sample diluted in ACP-104 was similar (P > 0.05) to that of control 1. When comparing forms of storage (undiluted, diluted in ACP-104 or diluted in glucose) and cooling times, the undiluted samples and the samples diluted in ACP-104 were better (P < 0.05) for all the kinetics parameters analyzed, than those diluted in glucose after 24 h. After 48 h, the cooled semen diluted in ACP-104 presented greater (P < 0.05) motility than the other treated semen samples. The samples diluted in glucose for 48 h presented lower spermatic velocity (P < 0.05) than those subjected to other treatments. Regardless of the diluent used, the post-thawed semen and the cooled semen diluted for 6 h, presented higher sperm kinetic values (P < 0.05) than those of control 2 and other treated samples. Overall, the samples diluted in ACP-104 showed satisfactory results when cooled for up to 48 h or cooled for up to 6 h and frozen.Discussion: This is the first study that froze semen from P. brevis after cooling. Although glucose is a commonly used diluent during seminal freezing and has good post-thawing stability for this species, it is not recommended for cooling before seminal freezing, as prolonged exposure of spermatozoa to glucose may cause osmotic stress to sperm cells. Conversely, good results with ACP-104 might be because of its rich composition, mainly the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), an auxin with proven potential for seminal conservation of other species. Therefore, for fertilization trials, it is recommended to use ACP-104 as diluent for seminal cooling of P. brevis for up to 48 h or semen that has been frozen after cooling in ACP-104 for a maximum of 6 h.