Search

In order to drive production performance analysis of discrete manufacturing system, it has become a widespread concern to realize accurate and rapid mapping from physical shop-floors to virtual shop-floors considering the characteristics of online production. A digital twin model framework for production performance analysis is proposed and details the function of each module in physical space and virtual space. A simulation model mapping scheme for discrete manufacturing shop-floors is presented and a complete simulation model is divided into a data model, a logic model and a visualization model, where the whole process of model mapping and fusion is elaborated. The case study of mechanical parts manufacturing workshop is carried out and the results show that the effectiveness of the simulation model mapping method and timely production performance analysis based on real data.

目的 分析获得性骨髓衰竭患者8号染色三体（+8）的克隆演变及其临床意义。 方法 回顾性分析2011年6月至2018年9月63例伴单纯+8染色体的获得性骨髓衰竭患者临床资料，总结克隆演变模式及其与免疫抑制治疗（IST）疗效的关系。 结果 63例患者中AA 39例，相对低危MDS 24例，男24例，女39例。MDS患者治疗前+8克隆负荷大于AA患者[65%（15%~100%）对25%（4.8%~100%），z=3.48，P=0.001]。AA及MDS患者+8克隆大小2年，AA+8克隆减少组与增加组的IST有效例数无明显变化。AA+8克隆有4种动态演变模式，分别为克隆持续（45%）、克隆消失（30%）、克隆新发（10%）以及克隆反复（15%）。 结论 AA患者+8克隆低负荷，而MDS患者+8克隆高负荷；AA患者的+8克隆在IST后无明显扩增，+8克隆的增减对IST疗效无明显影响。

In view of the problems of low solar energy utilization efficiency, drying efficiency to be improved and sludge adhesion in the process of solar drying sludge, the research was carried out on the heat collection effect of solar collectors, sludge drying characteristics and sludge drying process, as well as the influence of sludge drying process parameters on the sludge drying rate such as hot air temperature, solar radiation intensity and air substitution,. on the self-built industrial simulation test bench. The results show that: the maximum temperature difference between the inside and the outdoor environment of the solar collectors is 36°C, when the outdoor environment temperature of the developed solar collectors is 13-26°C; the optimum process parameters of sludge drying rate under the experimental conditions that the moisture content of wet sludge is 82.7%, are as follows: the temperature of hot air is 43°C, the maximum solar radiation intensity (about 12:00), the optimal flow rate of air is controlled at 1.2m/s, the thickness of the material layer is 3cm, the large contact between air and materials improves the problem of sludge adhesion. All which provide a theoretical basis for the implementation on the industrialization of solar drying sludge.

Summary Objective Laser-evoked potential (LEP) habituation was investigated under the influence of capsaicin-induced peripheral and central sensitization. Material and methods Fifteen subjects received 100 repetitive painful laser stimuli at the right hand dorsum at primary (application area; condition I) and secondary areas (beyond application area; condition II) in two different sessions after applying capsaicin topically. Conditions I and II were compared to a control condition without capsaicin application. N1, N2, and P2 latencies and N1 and N2/P2 amplitudes were recorded by EEG. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) and the Liewald Diary reaction time experiment were used as control tests. Results QST documented heat hyperalgesia as a sign of peripheral sensitization in the primary area and pinprick hyperalgesia in the primary and secondary area as a sign of central sensitization, after applying capsaicin. The N2/P2 amplitude habituation was significantly reduced in the primary area compared to controls (the primary area represents peripheral sensitization). The LEPs of the secondary area (the secondary area represents central sensitization) showed no significant N2/P2 amplitude habituation compared to controls. The comparison between conditions I vs. II showed no significant difference regarding N2/P2 amplitude and laser pain rating. Conclusion Capsaicin-induced central sensitization does not alter LEP habituation. The physiological habituation of LEP amplitudes is reduced due to peripheral mechanisms after applying capsaicin topically. These findings form a basis for future studies, which use the habituation paradigm to investigate pain conditions promoted by sensitization phenomena.

Background Recent studies applied laser-evoked potentials (LEP) for the analysis of small nerve fibre function and focused on the detection of stable C-fibre-mediated potentials (C-LEPs); high technical requirements were needed. The diagnostic significance is still controversially discussed. So far, only few studies focused on the susceptibility of C-LEPs to distraction and other influences. We hypothesized that C-LEPs are altered by habituation processes and distraction. Methods Twelve subjects were tested with a C-fibre laser set-up (neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-perovskite laser with a 10-mm beam diameter and 10-ms stimulus time) at the left perioral area. In condition I, the subjects received repetitive painful laser stimuli at the right hand to induce habituation. In condition II, the subjects had to fulfil an auditory discrimination task (where the subjects had to estimate the pitch of different tones on a scale for 20 min). C-LEPs were retrieved before and after the habituation or distraction paradigm. C-LEPs were also measured in a control group who was not influenced by laser stimuli or other disturbances during a 23-min break between the two test sessions. Results In both test conditions, there was significant C-LEP amplitude reduction. The LEP amplitudes of the control group remained unchanged. Conclusions In the approach of detecting C-fibre-mediated potentials with LEP, future studies should take the high susceptibility to distraction and habituation into account.

目的 分析抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）治疗后合并血流感染的重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）患者的临床特征、近期疗效及预后。 方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年7月行ATG治疗的264例SAA患者的临床特征，并分析合并血流感染患者的细菌学特征及其发生血流感染的危险因素，观察其近期（治疗后3、6个月）疗效，并进行远期预后分析。 结果 264例患者中有49例（18.6%）ATG治疗后出现血流感染。49例患者中男31例，女18例，中位年龄20 (4~62）岁，其中极重型AA（VSAA) 38例，SAA 11例，治疗后至发生血流感染的中位时间为13 (2~233）d。大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌为最常见的菌种，分别占28.4%、20.9％及14.9%。23例（46.9%）患者合并耐药菌血流感染。VSAA患者ATG治疗后血流感染发生率为28.4%（38/134），显著高于SAA患者的8.5%（11/130）（P

Background In the scientific approach to central processing of pain, the habituation phenomenon has been frequently described. Recent studies mentioned electrophysiological habituation during the recording of laser-evoked potentials (LEP). In this study we intended to test whether habituation can be reproducibly induced by repetitive painful laser stimuli and simultaneously measured with LEP. Inspired by findings from previous imaging studies that showed bilateral activation of the operculo-insular cortices, we hypothesized that repetitive painful laser stimuli applied to one hand lead to bihemispheral LEP amplitude habituation. Methods One hundred painful stimuli were applied to the right hand of 13 healthy subjects to induce contralateral N2P2 amplitude habituation. The left hand was stimulated 25 times before and after the right-hand stimulation to measure ispilateral LEPs; the experiment was sham controlled. Results We achieved significant contralateral N2P2 amplitude and pain habituation in all subjects. After central habituation was established, there was also a significant ispilateral N2P2 amplitude decrement (derived from the left hand) compared with baseline; in the sham condition, the N2P2 amplitude was unchanged. The pain sensation showed no habituation in both the painful stimulation condition and the sham condition. Conclusions Habituation (in the electrophysiological sense) is a physiological phenomenon that indicates normal central processing of pain in healthy controls. We showed bihemispheral N2P2 amplitude habituation after repetitive painful stimulation of the right hand. Our findings propose a bihemishperal contribution to central pain processing and pain modulation when electrophysiological habituation occurs.

The chronic toxic effects of major heavy metals including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) on the filtration rate (FR), sex ratio, and gonad development of immature blood clams, Tegillarca granosa, were investigated. The FRs were significantly inhibited by Cu, Pb and Cd, with rates generally decreasing with both increasing metal concentrations and exposure time. EC50 values for FR after 28 days of exposure were 12.9, 12.7 and 14.4 μg/L for Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively. Zn exposure had no effect on FR. Sex ratios were significantly altered from controls in favor of an increased proportion of males at metal concentrations of ≥ 14.2, ≥ 86 and ≥ 110 μg/L for Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively; and at ≥ 1.68 mg/L for Zn. The gonado-somatic index was significantly reduced in clams at all metal exposures, except for the lowest concentration of Cu (7.1 μg/L).

In the scientific approach to central processing of pain, the habituation phenomenon has been frequently described. Recent studies mentioned electrophysiological habituation during the recording of laser-evoked potentials (LEP). In this study we intended to test whether habituation can be reproducibly induced by repetitive painful laser stimuli and simultaneously measured with LEP. Inspired by findings from previous imaging studies that showed bilateral activation of the operculo-insular cortices, we hypothesized that repetitive painful laser stimuli applied to one hand lead to bihemispheral LEP amplitude habituation.One hundred painful stimuli were applied to the right hand of 13 healthy subjects to induce contralateral N2P2 amplitude habituation. The left hand was stimulated 25 times before and after the right-hand stimulation to measure ispilateral LEPs; the experiment was sham controlled.We achieved significant contralateral N2P2 amplitude and pain habituation in all subjects. After central habituation was established, there was also a significant ispilateral N2P2 amplitude decrement (derived from the left hand) compared with baseline; in the sham condition, the N2P2 amplitude was unchanged. The pain sensation showed no habituation in both the painful stimulation condition and the sham condition.Habituation (in the electrophysiological sense) is a physiological phenomenon that indicates normal central processing of pain in healthy controls. We showed bihemispheral N2P2 amplitude habituation after repetitive painful stimulation of the right hand. Our findings propose a bihemishperal contribution to central pain processing and pain modulation when electrophysiological habituation occurs.