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Background:To construct a knowledge-informed traceable artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to assist early diagnosis for tuberculosis (TB).Methods:60729 cases were extracted from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, in Beijing Hepingli Hospital. Beijng Jishuitan Hospital was used as an independently external testing set. Only using routine laboratory results, six models based on Neutral Network (NN) algorithm combined with clinical prior knowledge were designed for TB screening and differentials were set up. Our TB model was not only quantitatively evaluated by means of metrology, but also validated by an independently external testing set from Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, and by on-site clinical validation in 37 hospitals.Results:For disease screening, our NN algorithm overall performed better than the other algorithms for diseases & healthy control (HC), and TB & non-TB models. Taking an example for the TB& non-TB model, the AUC, ACC, SPE and SEN were 0.9240, 0.7703, 0.7664 and 0.8958 respectively. For disease differentials, The AUC was 0.8035 for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) & other pulmonary diseases (OPD) model; the AUC was 0.7761 for tuberculosis（TB）& extrapulmonary tuberculosis（EPTB）model. For an on-site clinical validation in Baoding No.2 Central Hospital, the average accuracy was stable, achieving 93% for TB& non-TB model.Conclusions:A knowledge-informed AI-based model only based on regular laboratory results offers a more convenient, effective, and highly accurate early diagnosis tool for TB.

Bone injury is the most common type of war wound, and different from ordinary open bone injury. The war wound bone injury caused by high-energy weapons has the characteristics of deep bleeding site, coagulation dysfunction, multi bacteria infection and large bone defect area, so it is difficult to be treated in battlefield. Mesoporous silica is a new type of inorganic nano biomaterial, which is widely used in bleeding treatment and bone tissue engineering due to its high specific surface area, large porosity and easy modification. Compared with the traditional materials for the treatment of traumatic bone injury, mesoporous silica has the advantages of local sustained hemostasis, broad-spectrum, sustained-release and strong mechanical support. Its main research direction is the composite and multifunctional materials. The surface functionalized mesoporous silica has the functions of hemostasis and infectious bone defect repair. However, there are still some problems such as unclear biological distribution in vivo and hepatorenal toxicity in large doses of mesoporous silica materials; in terms of preparation technology, there are still some problems such as unclear selection of pore size and shape of materials for promoting bone formation. Based on the actual needs of the treatment of war-induced bone injuries, the multifunctional, easy-to-use and portable properties of new mesoporous silica materials are reviewed in this paper. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.02.11

Traumatic arthritis (TA) is a kind of osteoarthritis secondary to joint trauma, and its pathogenesis is not clear at present. It is mainly related to the apoptosis of chondrocytes involved in a variety of cytokines and related signal pathways. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Curcumin is used to treat TA mainly by inhibiting oxidase, scavenging free radicals' antioxidant effects, inhibiting the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and various inflammatory mediators, and acting on various signal transduction pathways to inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes. This paper describes some of the biological functions of curcumin, and introduces its related mechanism of action in the treatment of TA. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2021.01.13

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication after artificial joint replacement, and its diagnosis and treatment has always been a great challenge in the field of orthopedics. At present, the treatment strategies for PJI include suppressive antibiotic therapy, debridement antibiotics irrigation of the retained, prosthesis, one-stage revision, twostage revision, arthrodesis, amputation, and biotherapy, etc. Conventional treatment can not achieve satisfactory results. As a new treatment mode, biotherapy has unique advantages in PJI treatment. This article reviews the risk factors and the source of infection, diagnosis, classification and treatment strategies of PJI, in order to provide valuable reference for clinical treatment of PJI. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2020.11.15

Elevated circulating levels of ceramides (Cers) are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, and Cers may play a causative role in metabolic dysfunction that precedes cardiac events, such as mortality as a result of coronary artery disease. Although the mechanisms involved are likely complex, these associations suggest that lowering circulating Cer levels could be protective against cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, dietary fibers, such as inulin, have been reported to promote cardiovascular and metabolic health. However, the mechanisms involved in these protective processes also are not well understood. We studied the effects of inulin on lipid metabolism with a model of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice using lipidomics and transcriptomics. Plasma and tissues were collected at 10 days and/or 12 weeks after feeding mice an atherogenic diet supplemented with inulin or cellulose (control). Compared with controls, inulin-fed mice displayed a decreased C16:0/C24:0 plasma Cer ratio and lower levels of circulating Cers associated with VLDL and LDL. Liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that Smpd3, a gene that encodes neutral SMase (NSMase), was downregulated by 2-fold in inulin-fed mice. Hepatic NSMase activity was 3-fold lower in inulin-fed mice than in controls. Furthermore, liver redox status and compositions of phosphatidylserine and FFA species, the major factors that determine NSMase activity, were also modified by inulin. Taken together, these results showed that, in mice, inulin can decrease plasma Cer levels through reductions in NSMase expression and activity, suggesting a mechanism by which fiber could reduce cardiometabolic disease risk.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The 18F-PBR06 SUVR between PD and healthy controls. Table S2. Microglia activation in the subregions of putamen in PD and control. Figure S1. Associations between peripheral inflammation and brain microglia activation.

In the process of repairing of bone defects, bone scaffold materials need to be implanted to restore the corresponding tissue structure at the injury. At present, the repair materials used for bone defects mainly include autogenous bone, allogeneic bone, metal materials, bioceramics, polymer materials and various composite materials. Different materials have demonstrated strong reconstruction ability in bone repair, but the ideal bone implants in the clinic are still yet to be established. Except for autogenous bone, other materials used in bone defect repair are unable to perfectly balance biocompatibility, bone formation, bone conduction and osteoinduction. Combining the latest advances in materials sciences and clinical application, we believe that composite materials supplementedwith Chinese medicine, tissue cells, cytokines, trace elements, etc. and manufactured using advanced technologies such as additive manufacturing technology may have ideal bone repair performance, and may have profound significance in clinical repair of bone defects of special type. This article reviewed to the domestic and foreign literature in recent years, and elaborates the current status of bone defect repair materials in clinical application and basic research in regard to the advantages, clinical options, shortcomings, and how to improve the autogenous bone, allogeneic bone and artificial bone materials, in order to provide a theoretical basis for clinical management of bone defects.

Background: Hypoxemia is a typical symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Ventilations are always needed for correcting hypoxemia. To avoid pulmonary morbidity, low tidal volume ventilation is often applied. The ventilation strategy will certainly result in hypercapnia. Our previous study found that hypercapnia could induce IL-1β overproduction in hypoxia-activated microglia. However, the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. This study aimed to explore whether hypercapnia would promote microglial pyroptosis via inhibiting mitophagy in adult rats with hypoxemia. Methods: Cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (CERO2), partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in brain tissue in a rat model of hypercapnia/hypoxemia were evaluated. Along with this, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ROS production of BV-2 microglial cells were evaluated after 15% CO2/0.2% O2 treatment. Mitophagy was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The protein expression level of LC3-II/I, p62, caspase-1, gasdermin D-N domains (GSDMD-N), IL-1β and IL-18 in microglial cells were detected before and after application of a ROS scavenger in vivo and in vitro. Results: PbtO2 level was elevated by hypercapnia in the hypoxemic rats in the first 1.5 h, but it was significantly decreased 2 h after ventilation. This was further evident by the increased levels of CERO2 at 3 h after ventilation. Besides, a high concentration of CO2 treatment could increase the levels of OCR in hypoxic BV-2 microglial cells in vitro. Expression levels of LC3-II were reduced, while those of p62 were increased by hypercapnia in the hypoxic hippocampus and BV-2 microglia. Autophagosomes could be seen in hypoxia treated microglial cells under TEM, while those were rarely observed in hypercapnia + hypoxia treated microglia. Hypercapnia markedly increased the production of ROS and the expression of caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18 in hypoxia-activated microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacological scavenging ROS inhibited microglial pyroptosis and expression of IL-1β and IL-18.Conclusion: Hypercapnia-induced mitophagy inhibition may promote pyroptosis and enhance IL-1β and IL-18 release in hypoxia-activated microglia.

The increased incidence of non-communicable human diseases may be attributed, at least partially, to exposures to toxic chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), air pollutants and heavy metals. Given the high mortality and morbidity of pollutant exposure associated diseases, a better understanding of the related mechanisms of toxicity and impacts on the endogenous host metabolism are needed. The metabolome represents the collection of the intermediates and end products of cellular processes, and is the most proximal reporter of the body’s response to environmental exposures and pathological processes. Metabolomics is a powerful tool for studying how organisms interact with their environment and how these interactions shape diseases related to pollutant exposure. This mini review discusses potential biological mechanisms that link pollutant exposure to metabolic disturbances and chronic human diseases, with a focus on recent studies that demonstrate the application of metabolomics as a tool to elucidate biochemical modes of actions of various environmental pollutants. In addition, classes of metabolites that have been shown to be modulated by multiple environmental pollutants will be discussed with an emphasis on their use as potential early biomarkers of disease risks. Taken together, metabolomics is a useful and versatile tool for characterizing the disease risks and mechanisms associated with various environmental pollutants.

To assess the clinical efficacy of Tri-Lock bio-short prosthesis in artificial total hip arthroplasty(THA) in young patients with Dorr type C femoral medullary cavity.From January 2010 to January 2014, 35 young patients(37 hips) with in the chimney-like femoral medullary cavity received Tri-Lock BPS prosthesis of THA, including 18 males(20 hips) and 17 females with an average age of (32.2±3.0) years old ranging from 21.2 to 38.5 years old. There were 16 cases of rheumatoid hip arthritis (17 hips), 8 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (9 hips), and 11 cases of aseptic necrosis of femoral head (11 hips). All cases were complicated with different degrees of osteoporosis. According to Singh index, 26 cases were classified as Grade III and 9 cases as Grade II. Biological prostheses were used for the acetabulum, with ceramic lining and full ceramic femoral head. The proximal femoral medullary cavity was Dorr type C on anteroposterior X-ray. After replacement, X-ray examination was performed to locate the prosthesis stem. Engh and Harris criteria were used to evaluate the stability of bone-prosthesis interface and hip function, respectively. Changes of hip movement pre-operation and at last follow-up were compared.All patients were followed up for 18 to 45 months(means 33.8 months). Harris hip scores in 35 cases (37 hips) increased significantly from preoperative 61.8±3.0 (51.2 to 73.5) to 93.3±6.5 (92.5 to 98.8) points at last follow-up (The cone-shaped short Tri-lock biological short-stem can fill Dorr C chimney-like medullary cavity and effectively retain good proximal femoral bone mass. Titanium microporous coating on the surface can effectively increase the friction of the prosthesis. The short-stem end in the medullary cavity can effectively avoid the occurrence of coxa varus.

Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) has been recognized as an applicable strategy for protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was performed to examine the effect of RIPostC on cerebral I/R and to explore its underlying mechanism.Healthy male SD rats (N = 36) were assigned randomly into 3 groups of 12 each: sham group, I/R model group and RIPostC group. Animal models were performed by filament insertion for 2 h with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. RIPostC was induced by 15 min occlusion of femoral arteries followed by 15 min of reperfusion for 3 cycles at the beginning of middle cerebral artery reperfusion. The neurological deficits, infarct size and brain edema were determined. Autophagy was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The protein levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), serine/threonine kinase p70S6 kinase (p70S6K), and their phosphorylation (p-mTOR and p-p70S6K) in the brain tissue of the rats were determined by western blotting.Our results suggested that RIPostC significantly reduced I/R-induced brain injury, as exhibited by a significantly decreased infarct size, mitigated brain edema and improved neurological deficits. RIPostC also significantly reduced the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and protein expression of Beclin 1. Much less severe neuronal injury and fewer autophagosomes were observed by TEM in the RIPostC group.These results suggest that RIPostC attenuates cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting autophagy through the activation of the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the expression of CD47, L-selective action hormone (L-selectin), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in elderly patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODSE). Methods Sixty-six MODSE patients were randomly and equally divided into two groups (33 each): control group (received conventional treatment only) and rhGH treatment group (received conventional and rhGH treatment). Venous blood was taken from all the subjects before treatment and 3rd, 14th and 28th day after treatment. Serum CD47 was detected by flow cytometry, L-selectin and AOPPs concentrations were determined with ELISA and spectrophotometry. The changes in APACHE Ⅲ score in the two groups were also observed. Results Compared with that before treatment, the positive rate of CD47 was increased, meanwhile the AOPPs concentrations, L-selectin levels and APACHE Ⅲ scores declined markedly in both groups after treatment (P

Background Cognitive impairment is one of common complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Increasing evidence suggests that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) plays a role in inducing neuronal apoptosis in cognitive dysfunction. The lung protective ventilatory strategies, which serve to reduce pulmonary morbidity for ARDS patients, almost always lead to hypercapnia. Some studies have reported that hypercapnia contributes to the risk of cognitive impairment and IL-1β secretion outside the central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying mechanism of hypercapnia aggravating cognitive impairment under hypoxia has remained uncertain. This study was aimed to explore whether hypercapnia would partake in increasing IL-1β secretion via activating the NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome in the hypoxic CNS and in aggravating cognitive impairment. Methods The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that underwent hypercapnia/hypoxemia were used for assessment of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expression by Western blotting or double immunofluorescence, and the model was also used for Morris water maze test. In addition, Z-YVAD-FMK, a caspase-1 inhibitor, was used to treat BV-2 microglia to determine whether activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was required for the enhancing effect of hypercapnia on expressing IL-1β by Western blotting or double immunofluorescence. The interaction effects were analyzed by factorial ANOVA. Simple effects analyses were performed when an interaction was observed. Results There were interaction effects on cognitive impairment, apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and upregulation of IL-1β between hypercapnia treatment and hypoxia treatment. Hypercapnia + hypoxia treatment caused more serious damage to the learning and memory of rats than those subjected to hypoxia treatment alone. Expression levels of Bcl-2 were reduced, while that of Bax and caspase-3 were increased by hypercapnia in hypoxic hippocampus. Hypercapnia markedly increased the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in hypoxia-activated microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and release of IL-1β might ameliorate apoptosis of neurons. Conclusions The present results suggest that hypercapnia-induced IL-1β overproduction via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome by hypoxia-activated microglia may augment neuroinflammation, increase neuronal cell death, and contribute to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairments.

To evaluate the manipulation technique and clinical outcome of Tri-Lock bone preservation stem for acetabular protrusion combined with shorten defect of femoral head and neck.From January 2013 to December 2015, 10 patients(12 hips) with acetabular protrusion combined with shorten defect of femoral head and neck were treated with total hip arthroplasty(THA) including 5 males and 5 female with an average age of(51.6±3.0) years old ranging from 42.5 to 67.5 years old. The acetabular prostheses were all biological prosthesis with the ceramic lining, the whole ceramic femoral head was used in all the cases. The posterior-lateral hip incision was adopted in the surgery. The follow-up was carried out in 12 months after the surgery, and later once a year. The Harris score system in growth of femoral side described was used to assess the joint function of the patients before and after the surgery.Ten patients were followed up for 8 to 48 months with an average of 33.0±3.5. All the incisions healed well and there were no complications such as femoral fracture, infection, dislocation and neurovascular injuries. The biological compression of the acetabulum and the stem of the femur was realized immediately after operation in 10 patients(12 hips). X-ray at 3 months after the operation showed bone growth were extended in a wide range, which could achieve bone fixation, no loosening and re-invagination. The range of hip movement increased from (45.8±7.5)° to (90.0±6.5)° at the final follow-up, with flexion increased to (89.0±6.0)°, abduction increased to (35.5±7.3)° and internal rotation increased to(31.8±6.6)°, the outer rotation increased to(32.6±5.2)°. The mean Harris scores had improved from 45.7±7.5 pre-operatively to 93.5±8.0 post-operatively, there was statistically significant difference between before and after surgery (Combined with acetabular treatment, Tri-Lock bone retention of the femoral stem in the treatment of femoral head and neck with shortening of the acetabular retraction and severe hip joint soft tissue contracture in patients, could be well pressed and retained more bone. The reconstruction of the acetabulum and the delamination of soft tissue are required during the operation. The results were safe and satisfactory in the middle and short term follow-up.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a most common inflammatory joint disease with direct invasion of joint synovial membrane, cartilage and bone. Currently, although the RA mitigation drugs are being improved continously, but these drugs only can delay the development of joint dysfunction. Total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty(THA or TKA) has become the only choices for patients with advanced RA, and the joint function and deformity of the patients after surgical treatment can be improved to some extent. However, the progression of RA has a direct effect on the long-term clinical effect of the surgery, and how to improve perioperative management, and combine the joint replacement surgery and drug therapy effectively, have become the focus of attention in clinical doctors. This article intends to summarize the current situation of domestic and foreign management of usage of pre-operative drugs, operation skills, prosthesis selection, postoperative treatment, rehabilitation and complications, so as to improve the long-term efficacy of joint replacement.

To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the activities of energy metabolism enzymes and contraction capacity of diaphragm from type 2 diabetic rats. Forty SD mile rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=30). Type 2 diabetes models were induced by feeding with high-sucrose-high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injecting 25mg/kg streptozotocin. 20 successful models were rearranged to two groups: diabetic group and GbE treatment group, 10 rats in each. Then the saline and 8mg·kg-1·d-1 of GbE were respectively intraperitoneal injected, once a day continuously for 8 weeks. Then diaphragm contractility was assessed using Peak twitch tension (Pt), Maximum tetanic tension (P0) and fatigue index (FI) in vitro diaphragm strip preparations. Cytochrome oxidase (CCO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in diaphragm were detected and the varieties of diaphragm ultrastructure were observed. Compared with control group, Pt, P0 and FI in diabetic group decreased significantly (P < 0.01); the activity of CCO, LDH and SDH in the tissues was obviously reduced than those in control group (P < 0.01). The ultrastructure in diabetic group under electron microscope indicated that diaphragm mitochondrions swelled and degenerated. The above changes were inhibited by GbE. GbE can enhance contraction capacity of diaphragm from type 2 diabetic rats by increasing the aerobic oxidation capacity, glycolytic capacity and the function of respiratory chain.

Epidemiological studies demonstrate that pain frequently occurs comorbid with depression. Gentiopicroside (Gent) is a secoiridoid compound isolated from Gentiana lutea that exhibits analgesic properties and inhibits the expression of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice. However, the effects of Gent on the reserpine-induced pain/depression dyad and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Reserpine administration (1 mg/kg subcutaneous daily for 3 days) caused a significant decrease in the nociceptive threshold as evidenced by the reduced paw withdrawal latency in response to a radiant heat source and mechanical allodynia. Behavioral detection indicated a significant increase in immobility time during a forced swim test, as well as decreased time in the central area and total travel distance in an open field test. Furthermore, reserpinized animals exhibited increased oxidative stress. Systemic Gent administration dose-dependently ameliorated the behavioral deficits associated with reserpine-induced pain/depression dyad. At the same time, the decrease in biogenic amine levels (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) was integrated with the increase in caspase-3 levels and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in the amygdala of the reserpine-injected mice. Gent significantly reversed the changes in the levels of biogenic amines, caspase-3, and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in amygdala. However, Gent did not affect the expression of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. The inhibitory effects of Gent on oxidative stress were occluded by simultaneous treatment of GluN2B receptors antagonist Ro25-6981. Our study provides strong evidence that Gent inhibits reserpine-induced pain/depression dyad by downregulating GluN2B receptors in the amygdala.

Primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) were transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene with lipofection method. The hTERT transfected hMSCs of passage 100 underwent chondrogenesis induction with dexamethasone, transforming the growth factor β and vitamin C, osteogenesis induction with dexamethasone, β glycerophosphoric acid and vitamin C, and cardiomyocyte induction with 5-azacytidine. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of induction, immunocytochemistry was performed to detect the expressions of type I and II collagen and osteocalcin, and alizarin red staining was performed to detect the bone nodule formation in osteogenesis induction. Immunocytochemistry was carried out to detect the striated muscle actin expression in cardiomyocytes. The hMSCs undergoing successful transfection were positive for the hTERT. The hTERT transfected cells were grown in vitro successfully and passaged for 136 generations. Results showed that these cells could be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, bone and myocardial cells. Introduction of exogenous hTERT into hMSCs could achieve immortalized hMSCs with the potential of multi-directional differentiation. Thus, these cells could be applied as seed cells in tissue engineering.

The characteristic plasticity associated with the deformation of helium bubbles and voids in aluminium under shock compression is investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The scenarios indicate that the emission of shear dislocation loops rather than prismatic loops is the mechanism by which helium bubbles and voids collapse. The tendency to favour dislocation nucleation and emission at the trailing side of a void but at both sides of a helium bubble is attributed to the distribution of the resolved shear stress along (111) planes. Under the same loading strength, the resolved shear stress of the leading side of a helium bubble is larger than that of a void due to the internal pressure of the bubble; therefore, the dislocation nucleation at the leading side of a helium bubble is easier than that for a void. Based on the Virial theorem, we find that the locations of the calculated maximum resolved shear stress are in good agreement with the locations of dislocation nucleation. The elastic model...

Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding with high-sucrose-high-fat diet and injecting 25mg/kg streptozotocin. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, diabetic, diabetic simultaneously injected ip with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) for 8 wk. The treatment of EGb attenuated the development of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetic rats. The serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase were significantly decreases in EGb-treated rats. The level of malondialdehyde were significantly increased in diabetic rats and decreased after EGb administration. Moreover, EGb markedly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in liver. The results indicate that EGb has a protective effect on liver of type 2 diabetic rats, which may be related to decreases the accumulation of cholesterol, triglyceride in liver and its antioxidant property.

Objective To describe the clinical and imaging findings in young adults with single vertebra tuberculosis presenting with solitary osteolytic lesions. Methods Six patients with proven tuberculosis of a single vertebra of the lumbar spine presenting with solitary osteolytic lesion were retrospectively evaluated. There were four male and two female patients with a mean age of 27.6 years (range, 22–38 years). The clinical and imaging features (plain radiographs, CT and MRI) were studied in all six patients. Results Involvement occurred from L1 to L5 vertebral levels. The patients presented with local back pain and tenderness but without any obvious deformity of spine or cold abscess. In each case, imaging demonstrated a well-defined, solitary, lytic lesion of average diameter 1.6 cm with thin sclerotic margins within a vertebral body. There were no fragments within the lesions and no paravertebral soft tissue extension around the affected vertebral bodies. The tuberculous eitology was confirmed by CT-guided biopsy in two patients and by curettage of the lesion in four. Conclusion Tuberculosis affecting a single vertebral body presenting with a localized solitary osteolytic lesion is an unusual form of single vertebra tuberculosis. MRI combined with CT scan of the vertebral body can be very helpful for precisely defining the location of the lesion and extent of osseous destruction. Such small, solitary, osteolytic lesions are often confused with other single vertebra diseases that can have similar appearances on imaging.

To systematically review the effectiveness of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (MIS-THA) versus traditional total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with hip diseases.Through a method of combining Free words and keywords,we searched databases including PubMed,The Cochrane Library, EMbase,Web of Science, CBM , CNKI and Wanfang Data for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the comparison between MIS-THA and THA for hip disease from inception to June, 2014. Two reviewers independently screened literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies according to the "bias risk assessment" tool recommended by Cochrane Handbook 5.0 for Systematic Reviews. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Thirteen RCTs involving 1 213 cases of surgeries and total 1 284 hips (MIS-THA: n = 631; THA: n = 653) were identified. The results of meta-analysis showed that statistically significant differences were found in Harris hip score on the 3rd month after operation [MD = 8.37, 95% CI (6.02,10.72)], Hematocrit [MD = 0.02, 95% CI (0.01, 0.03)] and Hemoglobin [MD = 0.50, 95% CI (0.16, 0.85)] at the 48th hour after operation, changed value of femoral offset [MD = 0.30, 95% CI (0.04, 0.56)] between two groups. In the change value of femoral offset, THA was better than MIS-THA; There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in Harris hip score at 1st year after operation [MD = 3.26, 95% CI (-3.25, 9.76)], WOMAC score [MD = -0.53, 95% CI (-3.67, 2.60)] and Oxford score [MD = 1.34, 95% CI (-3.46, 6.13)] at the 6th week after operation, Hematocrit at the 8th hour after operation [MD = -0.01, 95% CI (-0.02, 0.00)], the incidence of hip varus [RR = 0.82, 95% CI (0.45,1.52)] and dislocation [RR = 1.40, 95% CI (0.48, 4.12)].THA brings less trauma, less hemorrhage and better early clinical outcome compared with MIS-THA, but the difference of the complication rates between the two groups is similar.

Due to the lack of money and information asymmetry, the energy-saving benefit of social security houses has been ignored in some regions. According to the Economic Evaluation Method and Parameters of Construction Projects (III), this paper has a discussion on the energy-saving security rooms from perspectives of financial benefit, national economic benefit and social benefit. The results show that there is a phenomenon of “market failure” in the field of energy-saving social security houses，and then the authors put forward to some suggestions for government.

As liaisons between “green spots” and “green areas”, road green space in unban play a decisive role on the improvement of urban style. In this thesis, AHP is applied in the comprehensive evaluation and hierarchical classification to the 198 types of garden plants in Longyan city. Based on evaluation results and the hierarchical classification, in the light of the characteristics of road planting and the present situation of Longyan, this thesis identifies the fundamental key tree species and backbone tree species of the unban road green space in Longyan to make contributions to the planning of tree species in Longyan.

By using a linear CCD as the detector module,a measuring system for particle size distribution was established by laser diffraction.Based on numerical computation,the two problems in Chin-Shifrin integration particle size inversion algorithm:the divergence of inversion in a small particle size and its false peaks,were analyzed and the causes of these phenomena were explained.Then,the modification of the integration formula was proposed to resolve the divergence problem.Aiming at the particular application on Chin-Shifrin integral transform,the effective angle range of Fraunhofer diffraction approximation to Mie scattering was studied by comparing the pattern of Mie scattering and that of Fraunhofer diffraction.The numerical result show that the valid angle for diffraction approximation decreases as the angle becomes large,but the precision of the inversion has increased.Finally,this improved Chin-Shifrin inversion algorithm was used to process experimental data.The experimental result shows that the improved inversion algorithm has high precision and is suitable for applications in industry.

Based on the characteristics of gas explosion in coal mines, the medium-scale gas explosion integrated testing system is developed. The integrated testing system is comprised of shock tube, testing section, explosion venting capsule, measuring instruments system, and other auxiliary equipments. The measuring instruments system can detect parameters of explosions and flow fields by the study of coupling relation between explosion and flow field. The synchronous control mechanism is employed to ensure parameters being simultaneously detected. The testing section can be adjusted to matching different testing requirements. Results of testing are useful to the prevention of gas explosion, emergency response and accident investigation.

Hydraulic system is consists of mechanical, hydraulic and electrical devices. Therefore, hydraulic system malfunction are a lot of types. Based on the complexity and all-around of hydraulic system malfunction, it is very difficult to solve the hydraulic system malfunction. Hence how to quickly and accurately identify the mechanical is the forefront of current research projects. With the rapid development of computer communication technology, computer-aided diagnosis technology can solve the problem of fault diagnosis of hydraulic systems. In order to solve the hydraulic station mechanical, according to the existing hydraulic system failure analysis, it makes visual dynamic diagnosis. In this paper, the visual dynamic diagnostic technology is introduced, which works in the technical feasibility and tastes its convenience and practicality in the actual practice.

Based on the considerable experience for management of combined bone and composite soft-tissue defects in the limbs by free vascularized fibula or osteocutaneous fibular flap grafting, the authors present the effective alternative for management of the severe comminuted tibial shaft fractures in one-stage reconstructive technique.Twenty-six patients were male and 12 were female, and their mean age was 32 years (range 15-57 years). Ten tibial shaft fractures were closed and 28 were open. Based on the AO classification, there were 12 group C1 fractures and 24 group C3 fractures according to the fracture pattern and degree of comminution.With the exception of eight cases that were delayed for 3-5 days for primary treatment in another hospital, 30 cases were treated on an emergency basis within an average of 12 h since the initial injury (range 6-22). Normal healing occurred in 31 fractures with a mean healing time of 21 weeks (range 18-24 weeks). Delayed union in 7 with a mean of 32 weeks (range 28-41 weeks), and there were no nonunion and infections. The vascularized fibula allows for fast bone fusion. In this context, the grafted fibula segment appeared to be a valuable reconstructive tool that offered good fracture stabilization and vascularised bone graft.The attached fibular flap can also provide a large piece of mobile skin to cover the soft-tissue defect in grade III open-tibial fractures. It demonstrates that this early free vascularized fibula graft is a useful and effective option for treating the severe comminuted tibial shaft fractures.