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Persistent immunoglobulin G (IgG) production (PIP) provides long-term vaccine protection. While variations in the duration of protection have been observed with vaccines prepared from different pathogens, little is known about the factors that determine PIP. Here, we investigated the impact of three parameters on the duration of anti-peptide IgG production, namely amino acid sequences, protein carriers, and immunization programs. We show that anti-peptide IgG production can be transformed from transient IgG production (TIP) to PIP, by placing short peptides (Pi) containing linear B cell epitopes in different competitive environments using bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates instead of the original viral particles. When goats were immunized with the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) live-attenuated vaccine (containing Pi as the constitutive component) and BSA-Pi conjugate, anti-Pi IgG production exhibited TIP (duration < 60 days) and PIP (duration > 368 days), respectively. Further, this PIP was unaffected by subsequent immunization with the PPR live-attenuated vaccine in the same goat. When goats were coimmunized with PPR live-attenuated vaccine and BSA-Pi, the induced anti-Pi IgG production showed a slightly extended TIP (from ~60 days to ~100 days). This discovery provides new perspectives for studying the fate of plasma cells in humoral immune responses and developing peptide vaccines related to linear neutralizing epitopes from various viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prediction of expressway vehicle trajectories is a crucial aspect in the development of intelligent expressways. This paper proposes a novel approach, namely the W-GRU-Attention (WGA) model, which utilizes ETC transaction data to predict trajectory selection based on historical traffic paths and previous passed gantry information. In this study, we apply the concept of word embedding models to extract contextual semantics from the historical trajectories on expressways. Additionally, we introduce an average pooling technique for converting the historical vehicle trajectory into a fixed-length Historical Trajectory Vector (HTV), enabling us to capture dependency relationships within experience paths. By combining proximity gantry vectors during transit, we accurately predict the next gantry location. Finally, our proposed method is evaluated using a real-world expressway ETC dataset. It achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 96.14% in capturing the relationship between historical trajectories and adjacent gantries, surpassing other models in path prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to achieve a highly sensitive and specific protein microarray assay is to prevent nonspecific protein adsorption to an 'absolute' zero level because any signal amplification method will simultaneously amplify signal and noise. Here, we develop a novel solid supporting material, namely, polymer coated initiator integrated poly(dimethysiloxane) (iPDMS), which was able to achieve such 'absolute' zero (i.e., below the detection limit of instrument). The implementation of this iPDMS enables practical and high-quality multiplexed enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay (ELISA) of 11 tumor markers. This iPDMS does not need any blocking steps and only require mild washing conditions. It also uses on an average 8-fold less capture antibodies compared with the mainstream nitrocellulose (NC) film. Besides saving time and materials, iPDMS achieved a limit-of-detection (LOD) as low as 19 pg [mL.sup.-1], which is sufficiently low for most current clinical diagnostic applications. We expect to see an immediate impact of this iPDMS on the realization of the great potential of protein microarray in research and practical uses such as large scale and high-throughput screening, clinical diagnosis, inspection, and quarantine. 10.1021/ac101277e

In this paper, the relationship between the center frequency and radius of bandwidth and its effect on the frequency band characteristics of dyadic wavelet processor array using surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are studied, and an optimal frequency band design scheme is proposed. For an arbitrary scale wavelet processor, we proposed that the center frequency is defined to three times of the radius of frequency bandwidth. The frequency band design scheme ensures that the frequency band coverage factor is equal to 100% at -3 dB, which avoid the signal loss caused by the discrete frequency band and the device waste caused by the redundant frequency band. With the frequency band design scheme, an experiment of implementing a dyadic wavelet processor array using SAW devices with five scales is presented. Experimental results confirm that the frequency band coverage factor equals 100% at -3 dB without discrete and redundant frequency band. Index Terms--Frequency band, surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, wavelet.